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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Défaillance hydraulique"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Défaillance hydraulique"
BOUAZZARA, Ahlem, Riad BAHA y Fatiha BEKTACHE. "Évaluation du risque de défaillance de solvabilité des PME : une application du modèle de la régression logistique". Dirassat Journal Economic Issue 11, n.º 2 (18 de junio de 2020): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/djei.v11i2.724.
Texto completoTourment, Rémy y Bruno Beullac. "Les ruptures des digues de protection : mécanismes et approche par scénarios". Revue Française de Géotechnique, n.º 178 (2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2024013.
Texto completoLEPELLETIER, T., H. CHIÈZE, M. BERTRAND, T. BIENVENU, M. COUET, A. LISTER, J. GEORGES, A. SAINT-GERMAIN, P. KERHERVE y L. HASSIG. "Étude hydraulique de vulnérabilité du système d’assainissement francilien face à une crue majeure". Techniques Sciences Méthodes 12 (20 de enero de 2023): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/202212105.
Texto completoLebdi, F., M. Slimani y E. Parent. "Stratégie empirique d'un système de ressources en eau: l'exemple d'un périmètre irrigué en zone semi-aride". Revue des sciences de l'eau 10, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2005): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705273ar.
Texto completoBouchard, Mathieu, Olivier Bellavance y Louis-Daniel Théroux. "Techniques avancées par courants de Foucault multi-éléments pour l’inspection de soudures orbitales". e-journal of nondestructive testing 28, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/28529.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Défaillance hydraulique"
Ziegler, Camille. "Diversité des mécanismes de résistance à la sécheresse des arbres en forêt tropicale humide". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0061.
Texto completoTropical rainforests play a central role in biogeochemical cycles at the global scale. Seasonal droughts alter their functioning, but severe droughts can severely affect tree growth and mortality. Increasingly frequent severe droughts in the past decades over the entire Amazon Basin have triggered changes in tree community composition, but our capacity to predict the fate of these communities is partly hampered by our lack of knowledge on the physiological mechanisms involved in tree drought-resistance. This thesis explores the interspecific diversity of drought resistance mechanisms of tropical rainforest tree species in French Guiana and aims at enhancing our present knowledge on their functioning. This thesis reveals that tropical rainforest canopy tree species can be very resistant to drought-induced stem embolism and that a majority of species achieve high hydraulic safety during the dry season, with strong interspecific differences. However, for most trees, a decrease in soil water availability leads to a decrease in their sap flux density during the dry season, with part of their sensitivity being related to physiological mechanisms involved in drought-resistance strategies. The underlying physiological mechanisms to their strategies vary strongly between species for young tree saplings. Some benefit from an early stomatal closure and low minimum leaf conductance, while others are more resistant to stem embolism and rely on a positive hydraulic vulnerability segmentation. During a severe imposed drought, there was a strong reduction in carbohydrate contents, which highlights the interdependence between the water and carbon balance of trees. However, the main physiological mechanism causing tree mortality seems to be hydraulic failure. The strong interspecific variability within these communities could lead to contrasting responses of tree populations to an increase in the frequency and severity of drought events, which could impact tree community composition in French Guiana
Yao, Yitong. "Impacts of drought on biomass and carbon fluxes in the Amazon rainforest : a modeling approach". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ010.
Texto completoDroughts have recurrently impacted the Amazon rainforests, undermining the forest biomass carbon sink capacity due to a quicker increase of biomass mortality compared to growth. Most global land surface models used for assessments of the Global Carbon Budget and future climate projections have not incorporated drought-induced tree mortality. Their prediction of biomass dynamics are therefore subject to large uncertainties, as a result of (1) lack of explicit simulation of hydraulic transportin the continuum from soil to leaves; (2) lack of process-based equations connecting the impairment of the hydraulic transport system of trees to mortality; (3) lack of representation of mortality across trees sizes. To address these critical research gaps, I improved plant hydraulic representation in ORCHIDEECAN. This model was re-calibrated and evaluated over rainforests in Amazon basin, and applied to simulate the future evolution of biomass dynamics facing droughts. Firstly, I implemented a mechanistic hydraulic architecture that was designed by E. Joetzjer, and a hydraulic-failure related tree mortality module that I designed into ORCHIDEE-CAN. The model was calibrated against the world’s longest running drought manipulation experiment of Caxiuana in the eastern Amazon. Our model produced comparable annual tree mortality rates than the observation andcaptured biomass dynamics. This work provides a basis for further research in assimilating experimental observation data to parameterize the hydraulic failure induced tree mortality. Secondly, I applied ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA over the Amazon intact rainforest. The model reproduced the drought sensitivity of aboveground biomass (AGB) growth and mortality observed atnetworks of forest inventory plots across Amazon intact forests for the two recent mega-droughts of 2005 and 2010. We predicted a more negative sensitivity of the net biomass carbon sink to water deficits for the recent 2015/16 El Nino, which was the most severe drought in the historical record. In the model, even if climate change with droughts becoming more severe tended to intensify tree mortality, increased CO2 concentration contributed to attenuate the C loss due to mortality by suppressing transpiration.Lastly, I used the ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA model for future simulations of biomass carbondynamics. Most climate models (ISIMIP2 program) consistently predict a drier trend in northeastern Amazon. The simulation forced by the HadGEM climate model in the RCP8.5 scenario shows the most pronounced drying in eastern and northeastern Amazon, with a cross-over point at which the carbon sink turned to a carbon source in the Guiana Shield and East-central Amazon in the middle of the 21st century. This study sheds light on predicting the future evolution of Amazon rainforest biomass dynamics with an improved process-based model able to reproduce climate-change induced mortality.In the conclusion and outlook sections, future developments and research priorities are proposed, which would improve the reliability and performances of the process-based model presented in this dissertation, allowing to better capture mechanisms that control the evolution of forest biomass dynamics in the face of more frequent drought risks