Tesis sobre el tema "Décroissance urbaine – France – 1970-"
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Glita, Ivan. "Les villes françaises en décroissance dans le temps long (1968-2017) : une typologie des trajectoires en fonction des composantes démographiques, des spécialisations économiques et de la diversité des contextes territoriaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H068.
Texto completoRecent studies in France reveal an increasing number of shrinking cities for at least a decade. There is a growing interest in those cities. Because of the diversity of definitions of urban shrinkage, we first identify shrinking cities by formalizing population movements for each of the 3,097 French urban units between 1962 and 2017. The results show that one-third of the agglomerations are affected by population loss, at different periods. In particular, in addition to the spectacular growth in number of shrinking cities during the 1970s and 1980s, following industrial crises and the rise of peri-urbanization, we identify a set of 441 agglomerations experiencing recent decline (since 1999). We then focus on the main factors of urban decline by analyzing three components of urban shrinkage. To show the demographic components of urban shrinkage we focus on the age structure, and on migration and natural balances. We analyze economic profiles with a database of employment trends and of economic specializations. Territorial contexts are also studied through the population evolution of areas surrounding shrinking urban units (changes in peri-urban areas and life basins) and with an urban-rural typology of territorial context (defining if an area is more or less metropolitan, more or less rural, within a two-hour radius from the declining agglomeration). Finally, we create a typology of declining urban units in France, distinguishing five major profiles
Mons, Alain. "Le désordre de la ville et la photographie après-guerre : Etats-Unis, France, 1945-1960". Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H069.
Texto completoAt the begining, the hypothesis is to question the city through the prominent photographic pictures, constituent a memory and a patrimony. The city expresses itself and is expressed through the images after war, a important period in the photographic documentary chosen appears an "exploratory look" where the spatial and social dimensions are always together. A "disorder" of the city appears clearly, there is a multiplicity of the quotidian. We can see that through two corpus. The first is american (particulary new-york) the other one is french (paris) the method system is a "confrontation", analysis of pictures and productions compared with the corpus where radical differences appear : differences of vision about urban, then cultures and ways of life. The reading is symbolic. We try to find somme connexions between urban anthropology and sociology of the picture. In united states, there is a photographic history of the dayly life in new-york city with weege, model, klein, an a reference marks of urban territory with de carava and frank. In france, it is a dreamt and paradoxal paris with doisneau, les quinze", ronis, but already boubat and elsken indicate a deep change in the city life. With americans there are a critical view and "pulsion" of the town. With french there are tender view on "country" urban life. This rechearch's a thought on the real of the town, and a social analysis of photographic pictures
Doytcheva, Milena. "Existe-t-il un multiculturalisme à la française ? : une étude sur la politique de la ville, 1981-2003". Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0041.
Texto completoBartkowiak, Isabelle. "Politisation et traitement de l'insécurité urbaine : étude comparative de la France, des Etats-Unis et de la Grande-Bretagne de 1980 à nos jours". Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040086.
Texto completoThis research describes the mechanisms in the politicization of urban insecurity through its actors : politicians, the media and public opinion. The study of social representations of crime, that are used to change insecurity into a political issue, shows that the mechanisms of politicization are complex. The balance of powers, because of a deep interaction, is not easy to define. Each actor influences the others in many ways. Six case studies then show a more material aspect of the use of crime social representations. The ordonnance de 1945 (France) and the Bobby on the beat (Great Britain) describe the importance of historical and cultural representations in the making of judicial answers. The Three Strikes and You're out (California) and New York's Zero Tolerance insist on the representative strength of news items. The YOPs and Restorative justice (Great Britain) and community service (France) study the representation of educating young offenders. Three field research support those case studies : the social representations of the expressions les jeunes (France), "zero tolerance" (Unites-States), and the representation of the bobby (Great Britain)
Tissot, Sylvie. "Réformer les quartiers : enquête sociologique sur une catégorie de l'action publique". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA115.
Texto completoThis dissertation examines how « the projects », defined as a space where divers – and diversely « underprivileged » - groups lived together, became a focus for public policy in France. Between 1988 and 1994, this novel “social problem” inspired the development of a new approach to urban reform, which sought at once to create new forms of sociability, to restructure the sociological make-up, and to upgrade public services in these neighborhoods. This study focuses on how those involved in this project (actors who include civil servants, social workers, and consultants) formed networks that went beyond mere institutional affiliations. It explores how their commitment to reforming “the projects” dates from an earlier period, 1975-1985, from shared experiences of moving away from previous political and professional commitments. These actors sought to bring their experiences as former activists to bear on their new careers. Academics and experts played a key role in this process. Sociological insights and statistical studies served to anchor the category of “the projects”, while the conversion of earlier “on the ground” experiences into professional expertise grounded new policy approaches. Together, these offered the basis for contemporary urban social development
Sowa, Charline. "Penser la ville en décroissance : pour une autre fabrique urbaine au XXIe siècle. Regard croisé à partir de six démarches de projet en France, en Allemagne et aux Etats-Unis". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH018/document.
Texto completoWithin the methodological framework of the academic research, this study focuses on the urban development specific to shrinking cities. This interest raised from a broader interrogation on the professional practice of urban architects and the making of the city ongoing in this early XXIth century, with regards to contemporary debates about cities that are resilient, economical, self sufficient toward ecological, socio-economical and political crises. The shrinking city offers thus an interesting framework to study architects-urban planners reactions to such contexts and constraints adaptation. Furthermore the German programm Shrinking Cities and the reflexions raised by the German architect and researcher Philipp Oswalt have been a trigger component. He claims that the shrinking city was a new playground to explore new architectural and planning thoughts. He demonstrates it from a gathering of experiences around the world. Today, we suggest to follow this reflexion and raise the following issue: which lessons are to be learned from those experiences for today’s professional practice and imagine the city of tomorrow ?From this initial questioning, we took for granted that those new ways of seeing architecture and urban project (concepts, architectural languages, urban shape, etc.) lead to new leaving standards territories (uses, urban patterns, landscape, leaving conditions, etc.), changing thus the making of the city in this beginning of XXIth century. Indeed, those processes would be influential in the identification of favourable lands for a reasoned gestion of the city and the development of new tools and acting processes imagined by architects and urban planners.To answer to our hypothesis, we focus more specifically on projects initiating a deep mutation of the urban fabric, on its form and its uses that we would call here urban reshaping. Our analysis is based on six processes meant to be “innovative”, realized or no, one of them being built by inhabitants. They illustrate this practice in different shrinking cities since the 20 past years. Those case studies are located in different urban fabrics contexts to illustrate the diversity of situations that one can be facing. In parallel of two French case studies (Saint-Etienne, Livradois-Forez), we will observe other experiences in two foreign contexts, pioneers in terms of local initiatives and urban policy: Germany (Halle-Neustadt, Dessau) and the United states (Detroit). The diversity of projects, in terms of approach and scale does not constitute a comparative study. We suggest instead a more relevant approach consisting in questioning them to understand the political, socioeconomic and environment consequences on the process of project making and the capacity of those projects to initiate a transformation of urban fabric and of the city.Our goal will be to understand the originality and specifies of those initiatives, but also potential contributions to the contemporary debates on the city and its evolutions. This approach seeks bringing a prospective dimension about the shrinking city
N'Gou, N'Cho. "L'industrialisation des villes nouvelles de l'agglomération parisienne". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF20008.
Texto completoBriche, Henri. "Repeupler la ville en déclin : Politiques de peuplement, trajectoires résidentielles et minorités ethniques à Detroit (Etats-Unis) et Saint-Etienne (France)". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES061.
Texto completoFacing decades of deindustrialization, “white flight” and disinvestment, urban governments from Detroit (US) and Saint-Étienne (France) embody the contemporary form of urban shrinkage. Now that ethnic minorities and low-income households make up the bulk of their population, these cities appear to be on the “losing” side of the interurban competition.This dissertation first takes on the construction of populating policies as a response from local governments to urban shrinkage. The comparison depicts different forms of populating policies shaped by local regulations. Second, this research studies the effect of such policies on neighborhoods and on ethnic minorities who are not targeted. Relying on more than a hundred interviews and on a statistical analysis of local data, the comparison shows a distinct evolution of the neighborhoods in France and in the US. The role of market actors and public housing policy is emphasized to explain these dynamics. In Saint-Étienne, ethnic and socioeconomic segregation appears to be stable while it undergoes a tremendous change in Detroit as a result of developers reinforcing the transformation of urban space
Chatelan, Olivier. "Les catholiques et la croissance urbaine dans l’agglomération lyonnaise pendant les Trente Glorieuses (1945-1975)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20077/document.
Texto completoThe Catholic Church was from the start quite proactive in the way it tackled the tremendous growth in population in major cities which characterised post-war France. The example of the city of Lyon is particularly interesting as it showcases a large variety of different head-on initiatives to bring urbanization under control. Indeed, the beginning of the 1950’s saw the birth of a totally new idea of town planning coming from a variety of different movements such as Economie et Humanisme, expansion committee, diocese-related associations. These endeavours when brought together proved that the Catholic community had gained urban expertise as far as housing, regional planning and town planning were concerned.Meanwhile a vast survey into religious practices and a number of land modifications showed that people at the archbishop’s palace had a firmer grasp on the specificity of the city of Lyon within the diocese. From the late 1950’s to the early 1970’s building new places of worship became a priority for the religious authorities. 1957saw the creation of both a sociology Institute at the Catholic University and a diocesan new parish council the aim of which was to secure financing, to stimulate worshippers’ mobilisation and to spot the best possible locations for the new churches. From the mid-sixties onwards urban growth took centre stage (journals, congresses, roman declarations) as the Catholic Church realised both its scale and its impact on society. This sparked up numerous attempts at setting up an urban pastoral in Lyon. During the 1970’s the diocese’s church-building plan started losing momentum and the Catholic Church found a more secular activism in the defence of city dwellers’ struggles for a better living environment
Dubet, François. "La galère : analyse des conduites marginales des jeunes". Paris, EHESS, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986EHESA001.
Texto completoMercier, Jean-Pierre. "L'évaluation de l'action de l'administration entre gestion et démocratie". Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20029.
Texto completoBréville, Benoît. ""Inner city" montréalais et banlieue parisienne, politiques et stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté urbaine : la politique de la ville à Hochelaga-Maisonneuve (Canada) et Saint-Denis (France), années 1960-début des années 2000". Thèse, Paris 1, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5483/1/D2407v1.pdf.
Texto completoDel, Biondo Lucas. "Les stratégies de recomposition urbaine soutenable des anciens territoires industrialo-urbains : étude du territoire franco-luxembourgeois de la haute vallée de l'Alzette et apports d'exemples européens". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0358/document.
Texto completoLn many industrial basins across Europe, the industrial towns and factory-towns have been build up around a production systemthat managed, developed and animated the territory almost itself. Due to this functioning exclusively dedicated to industry, thedecline of a great majority of these urban industrial territories was particularly brutal during the crisis of the 1970s, causingsevere consequences on the economic, demographic, social, urban, environmental and landscape levels.This PhD Thesis provides food for thought in regard to the strategic issues of a sustainable urban renewal, as a sum of consistentand correlated actions, intended for revitalize and restructure a deteriorated and/or obsolete urban territory. ln the case thatwe focuse on former post-industrial urban territories, a sustainable urban redevelopment involves a revitalization of the economicfa bric and requires a coherent reorganization of the territorial functioning; it is notably based on identity and urban potentialof many industrial heritages and may appeal to leverages in order to set in motion or catalyze the transition from an obsoleteindustrial approach to a sustainable urban logic.The analysis of the cross-border urban territory of the upper Alzette valley, in the French-Luxembourgish iron field, is particularlyinteresting. lts urban redevelopment is mainly determined by the Luxembourgish metropolitan dynamic, which highlightsthe necessity to operate changes of scale. Moreover, the ambitious mixed urban redevelopment of the Luxembourgish industrialwasteland Belval-West, and also the choice of French public stakeholders to commit to a sustainable approach, are very instructivegrounds for observation
Boukir, Kamel. "Les "cités" de Montrimond et ses "bandes de jeunes". Ethnographie des relations d'amitié, de complicité et d'inimitié dans la proche banlieue parisienne (1970-2015)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0050.
Texto completoAt the bottom of housing projects in Montrimond, young men gather in building entrances and public places. In this small city located in the ring of suburbs, next to Paris, a few adolescents and young adults see themselves as the “guys from the hood”. The “guys from the Belvedere” and the “guys from the Val” wander around in the so-called “sensitive neighborhoods” the city hall has labeled as such. This thesis shed light upon the lived experience and the meanings of this juvenile affiliation. What does that mean to “be a guy from the hood” on a daily basis? On which everyday activities this affiliation relies on? How some boys come to be morally bound together? Initially, the thesis investigates the historical and ecological aspects in the genesis of the so-called “sensitive neighborhoods.” It shows how youth came to embody a social phobia that yields the residents to see them as outsiders. Then, this social fear is related to the narrative of foundation youth tells their own origin. Through the order of generation upon which they tell the history of their “hood”, anyone can be assigned to a place of either an “ancestor,” an “elder” or a “young.” Here we describe the networks of friendships that shape those generational gatherings. In the interstices of educational institutions of the city, like family, school and youth center, those “guys” cultivate an esprit de corps with its own moral standards. This esprit de corps is the touchstone upon which they give rise to a moral world that revolves around three ethical figures: the friend, the partner in crime (accomplice) and the enemy. Finally, the thesis unfolds the psychosociological dynamics entailed in the metamorphosis of commitment friends are engaged in while becoming deviant (drug dealing, robbery, stick-ups, etc.). In the context of deviant careers, friends cannot believe anymore in the sincerity of their alter ego. Facing the possibility of disloyalty, scam and snitch, they start doubting the honesty that was at the core of their mutual respect. In this distrust process, the ethical and emotional vulnerability undermines the faith in the future, engaging each other in a vicious circle of predicting the betrayal of the old friend. Some would go as far as killing a would-be enemy, others would be cruel in retaliation when certain would withdraw from violence to save their sense of humanity
Bertho, Raphaële. "Paysages sur commande : les missions photographiques en France et en Allemagne dans les années 1980 et 1990". Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE4050.
Texto completoDuring the last two decades of the XXth century art commands for photographs of the land are coming up in increasing numbers in Europe. They are issued from the meeting of two historical questions, that of territories aiming at assertive representation and that of a medium, photography, seeking fullacknowledgement. This is why this research is organized along two main lines. One bears upon the political impact of an aesthetic trend, the other upon the influence of an aesthetic development upon politics and policies in the making. The phenomenon was first manifest in France, with the DATAR photographic mission, perceived as a paradigmatic model. The analysis of the missions which developed over the territory of former Eastern Germany allows for an historical counterpoint and introduces a viewpoint free from hexagonal limits. This brings to light the fact that the photographic mission issue, so firmly outlined in the French context, is likewise approached in different European countries as the key relationship between questions pertaining to land, and to photography. After-war economical and social change, the development of cities and infrastructures, together with the de-industrialization effects have deeply modified those European territories whose identity was ill-defined. Photography has then been called upon by institutions to fashion up a new representation of the European territory, in the full meaning of the phrase. In the process, the medium has acquired official recognition and so entered the scene of contemporary art
Voldman, Danièle. "Histoire d'une politique : la reconstruction des villes françaises de 1940 à 1954". Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010527.
Texto completoIn France during the world war ii, the rebuilding of bombed cities begun early. In autumn 1940, the Vichy government set up agencies to coordinate the first clearance of rubble and to examine the elements of a consistent policy of urban development. Those policies were continuated after the liberation with the "Ministère de la reconstruction et de l'urbanisme". The history of town planning politics from 1940 to 1954 involves administrative, social, financial and architectural issues. It includes the analysis of networks of architects and town planners, with a description of relations between central policies and local decisions (11 case-studies). At the end of the process, town planning follows the reconstruction of cities with the same agencies
Brun, Jérémie. "Les leviers de l’attractivité des villes petites et moyennes en décroissance : une recherche-action au sein du périmètre de l’Agence d’urbanisme Sud Bourgogne". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCG004/document.
Texto completoAttractiveness is an important objective for the elected representatives of small and medium-sized towns taken in a context of demographic decline. This phenomenon encourages them to invest in forms of territorial competition. This thesis is part of a « Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche » signed with the Agence d’Urbanisme Sud Bourgogne, whose scope of intervention is located in the north of the Saône-et-Loire department, between Chalon-sur- Saone, Le Creusot, Montceau-les-Mines and Autun. This particularity has led to the realization of operational missions directly in the field. The objective of this research is to question the attractiveness of the political level of these cities in terms of their deep negative dynamics. In this context, the notion of « attractiveness » has been deconstructed into three components, « appeal », « attraction » and « acquaintances », referring to issues of living environment and structuring intra and interterritorial relations. The facilitated insertion into the study area, through a structure already integrated locally, made possible to set up a methodology based on participant observation, supplemented by a local and national statistical investigation, which led to the identification of two lines of operational research. The first reports on the potential for complementarity in terms of amenities, between intercommunalities, in the reflection of an interSCoT approach, while the second shows the opportunity represented by demographic ageing in terms of economic development, face to face and productive. These insights provide the tools to understand the attractiveness of local resources, even when they are usually understood as indicators of decay, and this, attenuating the confrontation between territories and enhancing their articulation
Gaudron, Virginie. "Évaluation environnementale et plan local d'urbanisme". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1020.
Texto completoEnvironmental assessment is a constraining and dedicated process that falls within an environmental dynamics. This environmental dynamics impacts planning law for several decades, from the insertion of environmental concerns to the integration of environment into local planning. Environmental assessment is a tool for integrating environmental concerns into local planning. Complementarily, environmental assessment is a vector of transformation of local planning that fuels its mechanisms (governance, characteristics, and control) with an environmental added value, while imposing a renewal of its methodology. Environmental assessment also transforms the very nature of local planning, as for its sources and purposes. Thus, the transformation of local planning submitted to environmental assessment expresses the broader movement of enrichment of the sources of planning law, now open to the environment thematic
Thébault, Emma. "La ville à fleur d'eau : doctrines, techniques et aménagements de l'eau de pluie et des cours d'eau dans l'agglomération parisienne, 1970-2015". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H100.
Texto completoSince the 2010s, strategic local policies concerning urban resilience and biodiversity support are being promoted, focusing on ways to renew urban water management. Research points however, to the low effectiveness or efficiency of such urban environmental policies, and questions the need of renewing the relationship between the environment and the city. Other researches put forward that a major change occurs in urban rainwater management since the 1970s. We follow the idea of an ecological and climatic transformation of rainwater and urban rivers management since the 1970s. Three hypotheses underlie this thesis. First, based on ecological and climatic principles, a technical management doctrine transforms the urban water engineering. Secondly, urban hydrology has experienced a shift, carried out by new techniques. Thirdly, this technical doctrine has extended to urban planning and design. We tested the hypotheses by the study of a corpus of guides and technical documents produced between 1970 and 2015; of an inventory of techniques; and of five case-studies, completed with interviews with professionals. The study found that ecology is present, but as an auxiliary to sanitation principles. An ecological ethic is incorporated into technical doctrines : the use of living organisms in engineering is partially based their supposed superior effectiveness in spatial planning. The hydrology of the Paris metropolitan area seems to be marginally evolving. Urban neighborhoods are not transformed by water management : urban water spaces and facilities remain tenuous, discontinuous, underlying and preceded by other logics of spatial organization
De, Casabianca Foata Lelia. "Jean Giono et Miguel Delibes, romanciers de la terre". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030019.
Texto completoThe works of Jean Giono (1895-1970) and Miguel Delibes (1920-2010) are respectively set against the backdrop of hinterland Provence and rural Castile, laying the emphasis on the land. This PhD thesis mainly dwells on their novelistic productions, which share numerous recurring themes and figures, despite some aesthetic differences and nuances. After addressing the question of how to characterize these novels – are they novels of the “soil”, “rustic” novels or novels of the “land”? –, this study concentrates on the specific relationships between male characters and their land: peasants at work, all those who live among nature, without forgetting town-dwellers in search of their roots or rural people transplanted to city life, but whose sense of belonging endures.In these works of fiction, the land theme is dealt with in various ways; the emphasis is first placed on the harmonious relationship and close bonds that unite the land with its creatures, whether human or animal. This organic whole is imbued with myths that refer to the origins of mankind. But modernity ruptures this primeval unity, the cycles of its rhythms and the order of its harmonies. Resisting such oppression, the earth rebels, turns against men and threatens them with destruction. From then on, men try to create a restored relationship with the land so that a lost balance might be re-established