Tesis sobre el tema "(de)colonial éducations"
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Ramirez, Romero Aïda. "Héritage colonial et construction de l'école nationale : Discours, normes et pratiques de socialisations à une nation plurielle. Le cas du Belize". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ2023.
Texto completoIn this work, “nation” and “diversity” are thought and questioned together from the Education field. This dissertation brings elements that explain how identifications to a national category are constructed and naturalized. The reflections aim to decenter the idea that a nation is “one and homogenous” and to question the place that cultural differences occupy, in terms of inclusion and exclusion, in the discourses about the nation. Here, the concept of nation, as part of the Nation-state political model, is understood as a political and social construction. It is about Belize, historically colonized by Great Britain and independent from 1981, that like many other “new” nations after decolonization, were legitimized by an international power and was defined, demarcated, and “manufactured” from a State. The Education is a tool largely invested by States to diffuse representations and symbols that contribute to constructions of national identifications. The schools are also spaces where children socialize daily and construct identifications according to social categories. This research studies the ways in which actors of the educative system (institutions and schools) mobilize and transform, in historical accounts (texts, speeches, images, etc.) racial and ethnic categories which participate, in the schools, to the process of national incorporation and identification. In order to understand the complexity of the process of “nationalization” of students, this study combines three analytical approaches: the social history of the institutionalization of the colonial education; a sociology of actors in educational institutions responsible to write the national history; an ethnography of educational practices in primary schools. In this way, this work considers the historical, institutional, ideological, and social dimensions that contribute to build national socializations in schools. From local and global perspectives, the analyses show that the development of the colonial education participated to shape racial and ethnic identities specific to Belize that are rearticulated today in the national school. The dissertation enlightens the links between governmental institutions (ministry of Education, University) with an ethnic organization and primary schools, in the elaboration and implementation of educational programs or projects. It reports on reproductions, transformations and ethnopolitical appropriations of the colonial history that make evolved, not only the historical stories of the nation, but also shows the diversity of significations that actors construct about differences. Finally, the voices of the children nuance and question the schematical and stereotypical discourses of the institutions. The weight of history is significant, however, the student expressions collected in this study, show how far the national imaginaries are smooth and plural, the pupils appropriate and reinterpret the discourses, proving that there is no “one nation”, but a multiplicity of perceptions and backgrounds that give meanings to identifications qualified as nationals
Maurice, Edenz. "Faire l’École dans une "vieille colonie" : un État colonial aux prises avec le monde scolaire de la Guyane française (de 1928 au début des années 1950)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0011.
Texto completoThis doctoral dissertation aims at studying the running of the colonial state in French Guiana through the prism of its action in the field of education between 1928 and 1951. During this period and for the only time in its history, the territory was split into two administrative entities headed, however, by the same governor. At the heart of this research lies the hypothesis of a singularity, in a twofold perspective, both social and political, of the French Guiana colonial experience in the 1930s and 1940s. This hypothesis led to the shaping of the notions of "colony-department" and of "segmented assimilation". This research thus articulates social history of professional groups from educational and activist circles, anthropology of indigenous societies of the Amazonian interior and sociology of the state and of public policies. In so doing, this study intends to contribute, on the one hand, to a better understanding of the colonial state from the too often neglected point of view of an "old colony"; on the other, to a history of the Republic which gives the overseas territories the place they deserve
Louis, Abel Alexis. "Les Libres de couleur en Martinique des origines à 1815 : l'entre-deux d'un groupe social dans la tourmente coloniale". Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0395/document.
Texto completoTo evoke the place of free coloureds in Martinic from the earliest times to 1815, it is evoked a curious paradox. In order to apprehend this last and to tackle free coloureds position in the society, it had to look into the process of development of this group from 1635 to the day before french revolution. The access of this process could not become without taking into consideration of the political controlled by the administration on emancipation. The utilization of parish registers (then registers of births, marriages and deaths) and deeds executed by a notary permitted confrontation between the theory (the colonial right) and the daily practical. It had to show how in spite of french revolution and these ideals, and this impact in Martinic, the segregation be continued against free coloureds group and confirmed space in between of this group in the society in spite of these numerical and economic growth (by way of emancipation principally), and those, as far as the beginning of the Restoration. The colonial political controlled by different administrations who followed one another and unrest who perturbed etablished order assisted the comprehension of this phenomenon. If free coloureds were assimilated since 1685 to natural subjects of french kingdom with the same rights, privileges and immunities, they did not exercise as whites some public responsabilities and offices, some liberal trades, some positions in militia (officers). Before the end of observation period (1815), some people were succeded to hoist themselves economically on a level with whites wholesalers. In spite of that, they were limited in a intermediate place between whites and slaves, a "buffer zone". Free coloureds who were as well as blacks than halfcastes have been rejected by whites that they would wish to equal and despised in general slaves even when they had common interests (a mother or a sister in slavery). As whites, they possessed slaves, estates and houses. However, their situation was so paradoxical in the colonial society
Bessaoud-Alonso, Patricia. "Les enjeux éducatifs des mémoires algériennes coloniales et post-coloniales : fabrication et construction des subjectivités". Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/140534695#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completoIn this PHD thesis, I tried to show that the process of building up colonial and post-colonial Algerian memories are, both, social and subjective constructions that develop thanks to the social group, the family and the individual. For this purpose, I have chosen to study the construction process of a colonial memory through the populations of the colonial Algeria and to explain how they were assigned a special place. Individuals have then entered categories that have marked out their lives and those of their descendants, causing effects on their social and psychic construction through denial, active falsification and silence. In this perspective, I wanted to find out what the most important and pregnant devices had been : that is to say the implementation of racial segregation by a system of laws and rules : Crémieux decree, native code and 1889 direct naturalization law, and then establishing of separated instruction with the creation of specific schools for natives. Then I tried to define the notion of memory, which is a polysemic notion, in a theoretical analysis relying on comprehensive and clinical sociology as well as on historic sociology, opting for a crossing methodology. Thus, thanks to public, private and family files and thanks to informal interviews and many ethnographic observations, I tried to understand how, through a family history (which is the topic of my investigation), from the end of the 19th century to nowadays, collective and family memories were made up and falsified. My goal was then to prove that men's memory was not men's history, but that among these questions, the question of identity arises and consequently all the current injunctions about remembrance and repentance. Memory resists, it resists polysemy and a non common definition. Probably because memory makes sense for the individual in their writing of the past and in their own appropriation of time and space
Motte, Martin. "Une éducation géostratégique : la pensée navale française de la Jeune École à 1914". Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040025.
Texto completoVari, Judith. "Expériences éducatives dans les espaces périscolaires : contribution à une sociologie de l'Education nouvelle". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0061.
Texto completoThis study based on ground inquiry through interviews and observations conducted mainly at Gennevilliers shows how extracurricular spaces such as Summer or leisure camps as well as schooling-aid programs practising active methods from new pedagogical trends are an experimental field towards democracy following John Dewey's concepts, understood like a continuous and daily experience of cooperation. These active methods allow young camp instructors to build themselves into responsible adults and at the same time offer children and teenagers the chance to be considered fully as social and moral actors. So, pedagogical practices developed after Education Nouvelle movements have contributed to modify the view on childhood by favouring a pedagogy based on affect and trust. They have found in extracurricular spaces a proper ground for their development. Nevertheless, these practices sometimes meet some problems to be installed when instructors find themselves unable to establish their relationship on trust with life-wounded teenagers
Ilenda, Tryphon. "De l'école coloniale à l'école postcoloniale en République Démocratique du Congo : permanences, évolution, rupture des enjeux sociaux des savoirs scolaires". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H014.
Texto completoHélie, Anissa. "Maîtresses et mission coloniale en Méditerranée. Trajectoires d'institutrices européennes en Algérie coloniale, 1874-1949 : émanciper les écolières ou féminiser les «fatmas»". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0024.
Texto completoThis research focuses on women teachers (in secular primary schools) in a specific historical and political context : that of colonial Algeria. Numerous official sources and historical research have priviliged the problematic linked to the role and impact of colonial schooling, yet few took interest in the teaching staff. This work therefore has two objectives. On the one hand, present the specific experiences of secular women teachers, by tracing some aspects of their lives - private as well as professional, and by, notably, drawing from their own testimonies. It is also about analyzing the roles they might have played in colonial and acculturation processes, as european women and as teachers. The dates we selected (1874-1949) are significant at various level : at the level of the development of colonization, at the level of the history of secular education and at the level of women's history
Fortin, Lana. "L'enseignement scolaire et la bourgeoisie nationale en pays colonisé : le cas des "évolués" au Congo belge". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29441.
Texto completoMessineo, Dominique. "La Jeunesse irrégulière (1830-1912)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100067.
Texto completoThis thesis will look at juvenile delinquency and the protection of children in moral danger in late nineteenth century France. Following the studies relating to the history of penal administration, it will examine the workings of repressive action led against juvenile deviants or offenders at that time. The aim of this approach is to throw light on the juridical rationality of juvenile correction. Between the rise of the first juridical apparatus of correction in the 1830’s and the creation of specialized juvenile courts by the 1912 law, legislators, administrators, and philanthropists sort to reform the Penal Code of 1810. The Penal Code was founded on the basis of moral responsibility while the preoccupations of the governments of that period were to eliminate the causes of public disorder. Consequently, the Governments did not target the repression of juvenile offence for the danger of juvenile corruption was greater. The very term juvenile offender changed to include children who were victims of parental moral deviance, tramps and child beggars. The public action led against this ‘irregular youth’ began to make provision for risk prevention and promote family management, re-education by social workers, substitution of parental authority by correctional institutions and public assistance. This thesis shows how the criminal law was reviewed and changed in order to make better provision for children at risk and act in their interest and respect. Ultimately, a new form of law emerged at the crossroads of science, social expertise and justice
Mouleba, Emma Prudence. "L' enseignement secondaire au Gabon sous l'angle du genre (1947-1983)". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070022.
Texto completoThe study of secondary education in Gabon in terms of gender from 1947 to 1983 questions the place of girls in secondary education. Two main issues are addressed as well: the evolution of secondary education from 1947, on the one hand and the inclusion of the feminine element in the middle and high schools, on the other. One of the objectives is also to see if the school system set up in Gabon from independence (1960) has shown by a break or, conversely, is it a continuation of the colonial System. Furthermore, using the gender approach, this study assumes a reflection on gender inequalities in schools in general and secondary education in particular. It is based on a number of criteria: school objectives, methods of recruitment, educational buildings, and other examinations, enrollment, etc. The analysis highlights the differences between girls and boys. It in follows indeed that the girls are, a general perspective, marginalized in the secondary from 1947 to 1983. In other words, despite some progress observed from the sixties, girls are less active than boys at this level of education. The various obstacles to girls' education, maintained by the inherent inequalities in social sex roles justify the slowness of changes
Quirin, Hémont Isabelle. "La germanisation par l'école en Alsace-Moselle et en Poznanie : une politique coloniale ?" Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2026/document.
Texto completoOver a period of nearly five hundred years , i.e. between the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871 and the defeat in 1918, 3 French annexed départements and the Grand Duchy of Poland (also called Posen) - itself under Prussian domination-, have been submitted to hard campaigns of germanization. School was the main vector. In addition to school books, a number of fictional writings or written memories helped to mark that German print in the minds, but researchers know little about this literature though it helps to appreciate the importance of the phenomenon in the short but also in the long run when a comparison is made between the two provinces concerned. A century later, the culturalists' interest is aroused by the testimonies gathered on this subject in its historical context. This work aims at presenting in what way the concept of colonisation can be applied to germanization, particularly regarding the germanization of the school. We will also examine whether the school politics applied in the west and the east of Europe are similar and if they can be compared to those applied abroad. What was the outcome for the youth in the populations concerned, for those who attended the Prussian educational system facing the possible risk of being torn apart between a sense of national allegiance and their cultural identity? Can this feeling be assimilated to a post colonial syndrome?
Kadri, Mohamed. "Le système éducatif algérien : un retour à la tradition culturelle, une volonté de modernisation, une permanence du modèle colonial, conflit? Juxtaposition? Ou intégration?" Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081155.
Texto completoAlgerian system of education is the main matter examind in this work. Throwwout interaction between teaching comprehension and sociolinguistic environnement. This work froms three axes : semantic exe devanced by historical appeal of the element of structur of education in algeria; that goes from "zaouia", to polytechnical school, across the "mederssa" and up to colonial school. The second axe, a linguistic one, dealing with problems of teachin of arabic language and the phenomen of bilinguism and arabization politics. Eventually a third axe dealing with different approchs pedagogical related to the teaching and comprehension of arabic language
Yérima, Banga Jean-Louis. "L'État, l'Église et l'éducation : le partenariat comme nouveau paradigme axiologique face aux défis de l'éducation en Centrafrique et ses enjeux". Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0011/document.
Texto completoThe history of the education's policies and the educational reforms of the Central African Republic remains particulary marked till now by a tremendous lack of academic research in the fiel of education sciences. This thesis underlines 120 years of the history of the policies and the schools reforms in Central African Republic since 1889. The thesis follows the ways State and Catholic Church historically collaborated during the past years in the field of school from the beginning up to 2009. During this period, the relationships with politics and schools as points of focus between the two institutions are analysed and explained. This thesis, undestanding the school as the place of mutual convergence of the energies and collaboration, tries to monitor, not only the evolution and the breaks between the State, the Church and the school, but also monitors the innovations we can discovert today as new orientations in the éducation policy through the concept of partnership. Our research put forward the new reconfiguration of Central African school with its transformations and its school policies wide opened to new actors than the only catholic schools with the concept of partnership. Finally, binding to the history of education that remained a long time unexplored, the research is based on the analysis of the public and private archives related to the school policies’s evolution led out by the agenda of globalization
Palluau, Nicolas. "Former des cadres pour la jeunesse : chefs éclaireurs, professeurs, instituteurs et moniteurs de colonies de vacances 1911-1940". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010645.
Texto completoChanson, Aude. "Ruptures ou continuités dans les enjeux scolaires, de la période coloniale allemande puis britannique à l'émergence de la nation Tanganyikaise (1885-1961)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC131.
Texto completoThis research is devoted to education in German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika : DOA), which became Tanganyika Territory as a part of the British East Africa (BEA) in the aftermath of the Great War. This transition could have resulted in a discontinuity of school policy, particularly with regard to Africans who formed the majority of the population alongside Arabo-Swahili, Indians and a minority of Europeans. Instead, a strategy of laissez-faire prevailed during the British rule, which was a style of Indirect Rule that allotted insufficient means to education. The educational priorities, like at the time of DOA, were rather to train auxiliaries, create a skilled workforce and reinforce the intermediaries for the purpose of colonization. But even in this colonial context, Arabo-Swahili and Indians continued to play a decisive role. As a mosaic of societies and languages, the question of language proved pivotal in the educational discussions of the territory. Debates and tensions thus emerged between various educational actors; and yet, the Kiswahili persisted throughout the entire colonial period and beyond.Despite speeches and investigations meant to improve and adapt the educational system, education for the majority was not part of the program of government schools. These schools were far more concerned with training an elite during the German and British colonial periods. Education for the minorities was provided by religious schools run by the missionaries, some of them having existed since the last decades of the 19th century. Missionaries pursued evangelism as their main objective. However, World War II marked a rupture in school policy. Nationalist associations and parties, mainly the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), appropriated the issues of education, especially African education, to prepare for independence. This diverse country finally achieved unity thanks to two factors: one, the efforts to adopt a common African language, Kiswahili, which was generalized during the German colonial era, and two, a man named Julius Nyerere, who made education a national priority
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Schulausbildung in Deutsch-Ostafrika (DOA). Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg wurde das Tanganyika Territory, unter britisches Mandat gestellt, als Teil des Verbundes des British East Africa (BEA). Diese Zäsur brachte Umbrüche in der Schulpolitik mit sich, insbesondere für die afrikanische Bevölkerung, welche die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung stellten, vor arabischen Swahili, Indern und der europäischen Minderheit. Dennoch war die Zeit der britischen Vorherrschaft, im Rahmen der indirect rule, von einer Logik des Laisser-faire geprägt, und für die Ausbildung standen nur unzureichende Mittel zur Verfügung. Auch in dieser Zeit, wie auch schon während der deutschen Kolonialisation, blieb die Ausbildung von Hilfspersonal, qualifizierten Arbeitskräften und mittleren Verwaltungs-beamten das vornehmliche Ziel der Schulbildung. Unter den britischen Kolonialherren spielten weiterhin die arabischen Swahili und Inder eine wichtige Rolle. In diesem Puzzle aus verschiedenen Gesellschaften und Sprachen auf diesem Territorium war hinsichtlich schulischer Belangen die Frage nach dem Erlernen der Sprachen von fundamentaler Bedeutung. Diesbezüglich kam es zu Auseinandersetzungen und Spannungen zwischen den verschiedenen Akteuren der schulischen Bildung. Trotzem blieb das Kiswahili während der gesamten Kolonialzeit und auch über diese Zeit hinaus die vorherrschende Sprache.Trotz vieler Reden und Studien im Hinblick auf die Verbesserung und Anpassung des Unterrichts, das Unterrichten der Hauptzahl der Bevölkerung war nicht Ziel von der Regierung eingerichteten Schulen, die vornehmlich der Ausbildung der Elite dienten, sowohl unter der deutschen Kolonialherrschaft, als unter britischem Mandat. Das Unterrichten der anderen Bevölkerungskreise wurde konfessionnell getragenen Schulen überlassen, die von Missionaren geleitet wurden, die teilweise seit dem ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert auf dem Territorium anwesend gewesen sind. Deren Hauptziel war jedoch die Mission. Der Zweite Weltkrieg bringt dennoch eine Zäsur in der Schulpolitik mit sich. Vereinigungen und nationalistische Parteien, insbesondere die Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), machen sich die Frage der Schulbildung, insbesondere die der afrikanischen Bevölkerung, zu eigen, mit dem Ziel des Erlangens der Unabhängigkeit. Dieses sehr vielseitige Land wird seine Einheit in dem gemeinsam beschrittenen, verschlugenen Weg finden in der Wahl einer gemeinsamen afrikanischen Sprache, dem Kiswahili, das während der deutschen Kolonialzeit durchgesetzt wurde, und durch Julius Nyerere, der die Schulbildung zu einer Frage von nationaler Wichtigkeit machte
Huillery, Elise. "Histoire coloniale : développement et inégalités dans l'ancienne Afrique occidentale française". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0111.
Texto completoThis PhD dissertation uses first-hand historical data on colonial French West Africa. First, I focus on the costs and benefits of colonial experience for France and its former colonies. I review the existing literature and show that evidence on whether colonialism was a costly or beneficiary experience for France is not clear yet. Then I provide an answer on the direct cost of French West Africa for French public expenses: this cost turns out to be very small -on average 0. 1 % of all public expenses. Few public investments were made during colonial times and almost all of them were financed by local population itself. Using econometrics, the thesis then seeks to provide evidence on the long term impact of colonial experience on current performances. I show that early colonial public investments m education, health and public works had large and persistent effects on current outcomes, and that a major channel for the long term effect of early investments is a strong persistence of investments: regions that got more of a specific type of investment at the early colonial times continued to get more of this particular type of investment. Finally, I give evidence that Europeans tended to settle in more prosperous pre-colonial areas and that the European settlement had a strong positive impact on current outcomes. I argue that the African hostility towards colonial power to colonisation provides a random variation in European settlement. Despite, the absence of a "reversal of fortune" within former French West Africa, some of the most prosperous pre-colonial areas lost their advantage because of their hostility: other areas caught up and became the new leaders in the region
Kiamba, Claude-Ernest. "Construction de l'État et politiques de l'enseignement au Congo de 1911 à 1997 : une contribution à l'analyse de l'action publique en Afrique noire". Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40017.
Texto completoPolitical science has traditionally focused on issues pertaining to the study of regimes, political elites, institutions and power, discriminating against analyses of the "day to day" functioning of the State, that is, what the State does or does not do. Yet a great number of scholars consider that political analysis should unfold within a more dynamic envisioning of the State-society relationship so as to foster the knowledge of the State while using new problematiques. This thesis attempts to understand the process of State construction in Congo not from a previous conventional perspective but rather from a thorough analysis of policy-oriented strategies of local political actors in the course of implementing the national education agenda. It aims at showing capacities often used by those actors in creating legal rational mechanisms sustaining State modernization via realistic public policies, how they operate in selecting those policies, which are alternatives offered to them, issues arisen and resources mobilized in the course of implementation, and how they impact the process of State construction. Sequencing and interactionist approaches are useful in understanding various educational programs set against the backdrop of State construction from 1911 (When schooling was officially instituted) to 1997 (at the outbreak of the second Congolese civil war)
Gwet, Ghislaine Ariane. "L'école au Cameroun pendant les périodes coloniales allemande et française et leur retombée sur la situation actuelle". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0008.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the school issue in Cameroon during the German and French colonial periods, as well as their impact on the current situation. This is a thorough analysis of the place and forms of education in Cameroon under the German and French colonial yokes. It takes into account the different political objectives and conceptions of man, specific to each of the two colonial powers. It specifically underlines feminine education in each part of this work. The comparative analysis of the German and French colonial educational systems highlights the differences and similarities between the both educational policies and their concrete applications. Our work is not restricted to this comparative approach but goes beyond this. It shows that the educational system in Cameroon is now essentially marked by the French colonial past, whereas the remains of German colonization academically are almost absent
Solomon, Tsehaye Rachel. "L' école à Djibouti : Entre imposition historique et déterminisme social : processus, stratégies et enjeux". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/SOLOMON_TSEHAYE_Rachel_2008.pdf.
Texto completoThe present thesis focuses on strategies, processes and issues of the schooling choice between public schools (from occidental origin) and islamic schools (from oriental origin) in Djibouti. Since madrasas suit better with the socio-cultural background of Djiboutian people, the hypothesis is that they represent a “return to roots”, whose schooling choice is determined by a political decision more than a pedagogical choice. However, the data analysis (of questionnaires and in-depth interviews) reveals that the choice of placing children in state schools is based on a consensus. Parents seldom defend or give value to the philosophical and linguistic project of madrasas. Thus, madrasa is becoming a “school refuge” for outcast children dismissed from public schools. Since state schools afford access to further education and employment, the ones who are neither sent to the schools nor successful are banished from academic realm but also excluded from the economical, social and national landscape. Therefore, public schools appear to be a source of exclusion on number of levels that marginalize the worst-off in a place (at the core of inequalities), where the thirst for revenge can flourish. The lack of education combined with the sanitary desert and the exponential crisis of misery are a breeding ground for extremism and violence that can become, as a consequence, the ultimate tool in the quest for justice
Hélary, Julien. "Se recycler après l'Empire : Formations et carrières des anciens élèves de l'Ecole nationale de la France d'outre-mer (1945-début du XXIème siècle)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC064.
Texto completoThe first part presents the required adaptations of the ENFOM during the decade after its reopening in 1944-1945. The creation of the Union française forces the french ministry for the overseas territories and the school administration to reform the ENFOM to retrain the courses. These adaptations try to define the new profile of the perfect student and the perfect officer. These profiles are filled with colonialist traditions of the inter-war period and with new issues inspired by Brazzaville Conference. The statistical study of colonial officers’ movements between France and overseas territories determine the main flows and their acceleration. The second part considers the ENFOM and students’ evolution from 1956 to 1963. The ENFOM comes under stress the year the framework law is promulgated, the recruitment is africanised and the Bleu outre-mer manifesto is published. The esprit de corps is weakened by a generational and an ideological opposition. Colonial officers start then to be reclassified. The legislative framework, which is to their advantage, facilitates their integration in the french and/or African public service. The statistical study of reclassifications as a whole proves the importance of cooperation agencies. ENFOM closes in 1958-1959 and immediatly replaced by the IHEOM. This institute is created to train african officers in Paris as quickly as possible for them to operate in the new states. The former mainland thus confirms its domination. Thanks to a great statistical study, the last part lists all the reclassifications of present or volontary absent colonial officers, judges and labour inspectors on the whole from Africa at the time of independence. These careers and movements last from 1964 to the beginning of the 21st century and rely on ENFOM networks. The statistical study takes into accountall the metropolitan officers and the 106 african officers of the last three promotions. Proud of their colonial and post-colonial careers, former colonial officers set up memorial strategies (novel, political responsibilities, publications of former student association destined for historian) for posterity and sometimes to defend their record. This research ends with bases for an analysis of the private career which often followed their public one
Mohamed, Massoud. "Les missions protestantes anglaises en Afrique de l’ouest (Sierre Leone, Cote de l’Or, Gambie et Nigeria) et leur rôle dans l’enseignement au XIX siècle". Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083382.
Texto completoTo put an end to the old bloodthirsty traditions of Africans, Protestant missions began in the nineteenth century, the spiritual conquest of Aboriginal people. Through the efforts of freed slaves, Victorian values, legitimate trade, and Christianity found enthusiastic supporters among Africans. With the institutions of the Christian missions in West Africa, many freed slaves had the chance to learn vocational training. Some became missionaries. They then went to their respective villages to preach Christianity to Aboriginal people. If the policy advocated the English philanthropist encountered many obstacles after 1861, it is because of the colonial policy of the British Government who wanted at all costs impose its influence in Africa. Likely, the role that played African and Anglican missionaries in the transformation of the nigger thought should not be under estimated. Despite the conflicts, European missionaries and Africans is were helped each other. Indeed, the policy advocated the English philanthropist Thomas Fowell Buxton, the Bible and the plough, in Africa has been a great triumph in West Africa. It had enabled the final abolition of the slave trade, the introduction of Christianity, the establishment of a legitimate trade and the education of Africans
Vannini, Geneviève. "Les CEMEA et leur action en Europe et en Afrique de 1937 à la fin du XXe siècle. Une contribution originale à la diffusion de l'éducation nouvelle". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040007.
Texto completoThe Centres d’entraînement aux méthodes d’éducation active (CEMEA) were created in 1937 as ananswer to the severe lack of managerial staff for children's holiday camps, and quickly enjoyed aconsiderable expansion. Driven by enthusiasm and a steadfast faith in the new educational methods, themany activists of this important association develop a rich and diversified activity throughout the XXthcentury in all fields regarding education, and largely expand their influence beyond the French borders.CEMEA associations are initially created in Europe, then in the French Overseas departments andterritories and in Africa, and thus constitute efficient intermediaries for the promotion of new pedagogicalmethods. The active educational method of holiday camp supervisors, whose guidelines are laid down in1937, remains the basis of all educational action. Although the training courses for leaders of holidaycentres still represent a large sector of activities until now, social work and actions towards young peoplein difficulty are increasing, in Europe as well as in Africa or in the Overseas departments and territories.The CEMEA, who integrate themselves in wide-ranging development plans, elaborate long-term trainingprogrammes in many countries. The many international activities reflect the educational undertakingsconducted in France. But the complexity of the various institutional, political, economical, and culturalframeworks they are part of compel the CEMEA to give regular precisions on the underlying principlesof their action
Lekoa, Aime. "La profession enseignante au Cameroun de la période post coloniale à nos jours dans le contexte social, politique et syndical : le processus de professionnalisation des enseignants camerounais". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20145.
Texto completoThe general States of the education held in Yaoundé in 1995, consequences of the teaching movements following the wage cuts of 1993, on labor-union pressure, allowed to make the diagnosis of the Cameroonian education system generally and the teaching profession in particular. If the conclusions of the assizes clock of numerous dysfunctions, they also indicate it recommendations. Of these numerous dysfunctions, we can speak about the global management of an education system traced on a centralized hyper model. Dysfunctions and limit which we also notice in terms of resources so human, that material and infrastructural. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the weaknesses and the limits of a heterogeneous teaching profession are not to be any more demonstrated. By their various statutes - state employees or contract employees, the mode of recruitment, practicing in the private or public education, it seems straightaway improbable to speak about teacher's job as a profession in the sense that understands it the sociology of the occupations. Thus involving the quantity and the quality of the teachers, it was noticed that in spite of the efforts of recruitment for landing in the abyssal deficit, it stayed a lot to be done to move closer to international standards. In spite of the enlargement of the map of school catchment areas by the creation and the opening sometimes in a inconsistent way of more public institutions, their subsidy in qualified teachers remains profoundly insufficient, any things which are an obstacle in the smooth running and the efficiency of the education system. This research allowed us to estimate the level of professionalization of a job which occupies a pivotal position in the training of the future citizens of a country. That is why the question of the training and the recruitment of the teachers is at the heart of this work. To do it, it is undeniable that the objectives of the Cameroonian education system can be reached only if the State revalues its level of requirement in the recruitment of his staff. Raise his level of training to have competent, motivated teachers and who feel socially considered. We seem paradoxical that as various teaching actors, labor unions, parents and institutions live for a better management of the education system, the crisis of confidence persists. A crisis of confidence stressed by the fact that the teachers would not feel enough socially considered. A fact which has for consequence the reduction in the quality of the teaching and on the rebound that of the level of the pupils. Indeed, the teachers blame public authorities for the lack of consideration, ways and their wage treatment with regard to other socio-professional groups of the public service. If a particular status of the staff of the Education was create since 2000, his application which stays an assault course makes difficult but progressive the process of professionalization of the Cameroonian teachers. The teaching professional body gradually established in twenty years. On one hand, many labor unions were born and stood out as main interlocutors of public authorities. By their actions labor unions want to weigh in the choices of the programs, the training and the recruitments. Thus remain to spread these requirements in the private education where the sector still escapes the control with an absence of collective agreement. On the other hand, by reforming teacher's training colleges, public authorities granted to revise the access mode in the profession. But the training to her alone will not be enough for professionalizing the job of teacher in Cameroon if the political will did not already agree to apply all which is registered in the above-mentioned decree
Jézéquel, Jean-Hervé. "Les "mangeurs de craies" : socio-histoire d'une catégorie lettrée à l'époque coloniale : les instituteurs diplômés de l'école normale William-Ponty (c.1900-c.1960)". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0080.
Texto completoThis research deals with the problematic emergence of the educated elite in French speaking West Africa. It focus on the teachers graduated from the William-Ponty school (Senegal) between 1903 and 1947. This thesis develops a prosopography of the 2,200 students and a micro history based on interviews conducted in West Africa. Its “constructivist approach” explores the dynamics and the tensions that come with the emergence of a new social group during the colonial period. The first part introduces a social History of schooling in West Africa. It explains the diversity and the heterogeneity of the “Pontins”. The second part articulates a sociology of the colonial domination with an History of the “dominated” tactics of evasion. The last part is a contribution to the political History of Decolonization. It describes the complex ways by which the Pontins constitutes the core of the new political elite in West Africa
Vannini, Geneviève. "Les CEMEA et leur action en Europe et en Afrique de 1937 à la fin du XXe siècle. Une contribution originale à la diffusion de l'éducation nouvelle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040007.
Texto completoThe Centres d’entraînement aux méthodes d’éducation active (CEMEA) were created in 1937 as ananswer to the severe lack of managerial staff for children's holiday camps, and quickly enjoyed aconsiderable expansion. Driven by enthusiasm and a steadfast faith in the new educational methods, themany activists of this important association develop a rich and diversified activity throughout the XXthcentury in all fields regarding education, and largely expand their influence beyond the French borders.CEMEA associations are initially created in Europe, then in the French Overseas departments andterritories and in Africa, and thus constitute efficient intermediaries for the promotion of new pedagogicalmethods. The active educational method of holiday camp supervisors, whose guidelines are laid down in1937, remains the basis of all educational action. Although the training courses for leaders of holidaycentres still represent a large sector of activities until now, social work and actions towards young peoplein difficulty are increasing, in Europe as well as in Africa or in the Overseas departments and territories.The CEMEA, who integrate themselves in wide-ranging development plans, elaborate long-term trainingprogrammes in many countries. The many international activities reflect the educational undertakingsconducted in France. But the complexity of the various institutional, political, economical, and culturalframeworks they are part of compel the CEMEA to give regular precisions on the underlying principlesof their action
Bartolain-Tolède, Marlène. "Le double éclairage français et allemand de Gustave Oelsner-Monmerqué (1814-1854) sur la société coloniale à Bourbon". Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0024.
Texto completoGustave Oelsner-Monmerqué's work unearthed by us and presented in our doctoral thesis offers a double – French and German – vision of colonial society in Bourbon (now Reunion) Island in the early 1840s. This study begins with a detailed reconstitution of Oelsner-Monmerqué's life, then focuses on his abolitionist stance and actions as editor of the Feuille hebdomadaire de l'Ile Bourbon [Bourbon Island Weekly] and philosophy teacher at and principal of the Collège royal de Bourbon high school. Oelsner-Monmerqué pursued his abolitionist activism in Germany through literary channels: a novel, press articles andconferences. By publishing Schwarze und Weiße. Skizzen aus Bourbon [Blacks and Whites. Sketches of Bourbon] in a country which had no slaves, the author meant to contribute to their quicker and more complete emancipation. His descriptions of illegal slave trade and slave life in Bourbon Island's society have a realistic, expressive touch made possible by the use of an innovative literary genre, the sketch. A cross-boundary testimony, this work can be regardedas Bourbon Island's first abolitionist novel
Dupraz, Yannick. "Le développement économique en Afrique dans le temps long de I'histoire". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0084.
Texto completoContending that the current economic situation of African countries south of the Sahara can partly be explained by their colonial past, this thesis studies Africa's economic development in the long run of history, notably through the comparison between French and British colonialism. The first chapter studies dynamically the functioning of colonial states in West Africa, using a new database on colonial public finances in 4 British and 9 French colonies. The second chapter analyses French and British colonial legacies in education, using the division of German Cameroon between the French and the British after World War I as a natural experiment to identify the effect of colonizer identity and its evolution throughout the 20th century. The third chapter ask what explains the decline of polygamy in West Africa in the 20th century, using the boom in public education expenditure in Cameroon in the 1950s to identify the effect of women's education on marriage market outcomes
Doutsona, Judith. "Les femmes dans la fonction publique au Gabon : étude des trajectoires professionnelles (1930-1980)". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070036.
Texto completoThe recruitment of the African auxiliaries of the colonial administration which concerns at first the men, gets touches the women at the beginning of 1930s. The education, one of the pillars colonial main part of the politics is a driving element the women of which have to be vectors in the realization of the civilizing mission. The formation of some and the obtaining of a diploma allow them to enter the public service where they exercise some rare accessible jobs. The study of the Gabonese public service seen under the angle of the careers from the 1930s to 1980s allows to redraw the entrance of the women to the public jobs as well as their progressive entry in developing occupations and to be able to. This work studies at once the formation of the girls, the conditions of recruitment, the types of exercised jobs , as well as the impact of the salaried work of the women on the gender relations in particular in the private sphere, by way of the analysis of their social origins. The study proposes the thematico-chronological approach which allows to show the evolutions in terms of recruitment and the changes intervened after the independence. With the awareness by the new Gabonese authorities for an equaliterian administration on the legal plan in the politics of gabonisation of the executives the Gabonese of which are stakeholders, under the watchful eye of the international institutions (ONU) which stimulate the national politics and constitute essential control levers
Nguyễn, Thụy Phương. "L’école française au Vietnam de 1945 à 1975 : de la mission civilisatrice à la diplomatie culturelle". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H009/document.
Texto completoThis historical research traces the evolution of the French schools in Vietnam from 1945 to 1975, drawing from archives and interviews with former students and teachers. In colonial Indochina, under the guise of the "civilizing mission", the French established an educational system designed to produce only subordinates, as they feared that a better education would create individuals likely to threaten the colonial order. Yet, in spite of the resistance of colonial authorities, Vietnamese elites always managed to send their children to the local French schools that were, in principle, open only to Europeans.After World War II, Vietnam embarked on the path of independence, forcing the French to rethink their educational policy in a country that was no longer a colony. After believing for a while that France would remain "the educator of Indochina", the French accepted to play a supporting role in Vietnamese education through the creation of a cultural mission. There was no longer question of limiting access to French schools: rather, those schools opened their doors wide to Vietnamese students to offer them a high-quality education. The French defeat of Ði?n Bien Phu in 1954, which resulted in France’s political withdrawal from Vietnam, accelerated the transformation of the former colonial education system. Passing under the tutelage of Foreign Affairs, the French schools in Vietnam became an instrument of cultural diplomacy. The French hoped that their continuing cultural presence, and particularly their prestigious lycées, would grant them a decisive influence in Vietnamese affairs. In the North, in the pro-Soviet Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the Lycée Albert-Sarraut became the only western school to operate in a communist nation, allowing the French to maintain a special relationship with a country that the West considered as an enemy. This unique experience was terminated in 1965 due to lack of agreement between the French and the North Vietnamese on the nature of the school. In the South, in the nationalist, pro-American Republic of Vietnam, the situation remained favorable to the French. Vietnamese elites rushed the gates of French schools, which promise them a quality education and a better future for their children in a war-torn country. For the French, the attractiveness of their schools and of French culture allowed them to counter the growing influence of the United States, who were then pushing ahead with reform, especially in the Vietnamese educational system. Nevertheless, the South Vietnamese government, for political reasons, decreed in the late 1960s the gradual nationalization of the French school system. After the Reunification of April 1975, all French schools were returned to the Vietnamese state. As told by the "official" history described in the archives, the story of the French educational system in Vietnam ends in failure. In both North and South Vietnam, French efforts in cultural diplomacy in Vietnam came to naught. Not only the Vietnamese elites did not concur with the French political positions, but the prominence of French language and culture actually decreased in Vietnam from the 1950s onwards.However, the hundred or so alumni we have interviewed about this period of their lives have described the French school system as a success
Deville-Danthu, Bernadette. "Education physique, sport, colonisation et décolonisation dans les anciens territoires français d'Afrique occidentale : 1920-1965". Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10019.
Texto completoPapikyan, Hayarpi. "L'éducation aux confins de l'Empire : la scolarisation des filles et l'entrée des femmes arméniennes dans l'espace public au Caucase : (milieu du XIXe - début XXe siècle)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB219.
Texto completoThis dissertation brings to the light the story of the late-mid-nineteenth century and early twentieth-century education of Armenian girls for the first time by placing it in the context of the general political events that influenced its development. It also examines Armenian women's work as educators, organisers and sponsors of girls' schooling. The research is based on a wide array of public and private sources: school reports, programs and regulations, press publications (editorials, correspondences, news, announcements and advertisements), literary works, speeches, memoirs, diaries, autobiographies and letters, which reveal the period's progression from girls receiving private tutoring and an archaic training by deaconesses and celibate devotees to establishing regular schools for girls and providing them a similar form of education as their brothers. The development of Armenian girls' schools and education took place in the turbulent context of the repressive colonial politics of the Russian Government in the Caucasus, the efforts of the Armenian Church to maintain its authority and power over the Armenian communities and the growing Armenian national-revolutionary movement. The research uncovers the nuances of changing consciousness about Armenian girls' education and shows how it led Armenian women to assume public roles, establish schools, charities, libraries, write and translate children's literature, undertake a wide range of fund-raising public activities for girls' schools (charity bazaars, public lotteries, embroidery sales, theatres and concerts) and enter the revolutionary movement. This dissertation joins a vibrant conversation in the educational sciences about nineteenth and early twentieth-century schooling, programs and institutions. It also engages in the discussions about Eastern-European and Caucasian girls' education and women's history. The research also contributes to Armenian Studies by restoring to Armenian history a missing and vital chapter about women's presence and role in the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century major political, social and cultural developments
Chachoua, Kamel. "Zwawa et zawaya, l'islam, "la question kabyle" et l'État en Algérie : autour de la Rissala (épître) "Les plus clairs arguments qui nécessitent la réforme des zawaya kabyles" d'Ibnou Zakri (1853-1914), clerc officiel dans l'Algérie coloniale publiée à Alger aux éditions Fontana en 1903". Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0119.
Texto completoValigiani, Grégory. "Développement d'un paradigme d'optimisation par Hommilière et application à l'enseignement assisté par ordinateur sur Internet". Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0171.
Texto completoThis thesis describes the implementation of an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) within the existing e-learning software of the Paraschool company, in order to help students to find their way among thousands of different items. The system is operationnal, and the different versions have been tested for real on more than 250 000 users that use the site over the Internet. The man-hill optimization technique described in this document stems from a first attempt to use an Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) algorithm, which revealed unsuited for the task. To the opposite of artificial ants, human students are not controllable : it is not possible to count on innate altruism, their activity is variable (holidays), each students needs a specific treatment,. . . All in all, the modifications that needed to be applied to the ACO paradigm were so numerous that it became obvious that the collective use of human students for optimization was indeed a different paradigm that we called "man-hill optimization". This thesis also contains a contribution to the automatic rating of students and items (exercises) based on the ELO chess rating system. Beyond being a powerful tool for suggesting good exercices, the system showed that it is also very powerful to make sure the e-learning software works well, as it is capable of finding exercices that contain not only syntaxic, but also semantic errors. The system can also point out exercices that are not well placed in the pedagogic progression. Finally, all web sites browsed by many users can benefit from this technique to optimize their contents, their structure and make sure that all is going well
Dennouni, Nassim. "Orchestration des activités d’apprentissage mobile". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10001/document.
Texto completoMobile learning has become a topic of interest because it involves many areas of research concerning usage contexts and complex technology. Indeed, mobile learning is has been recognized for its ability to motivate learners because they can construct their own knowledge by collaborating with others. In this context, the orchestration of mobile learning allows real-time management and contextualization of activities to do but this results in significant costs of organization. In addition, centralized orchestration is not adapted to the context of our mobile scenario because the learner must be able to keep some control over their choices of learning.In this thesis, we present a new style of recommendation for a dynamic orchestration of learning activities based on the location of the learners and the history of the visit. This technique is based on a collaborative filtering that exploits prior activity of the learners and that respects the educational and location constraints. Our approach is based on the mode of operation of the Swarm Intelligence (ACO algorithm) for the implementation of our system of recommendation. Besides the simulations that are used to compare the different variants of recommendations, the validation of the SAMSSP system goes through the experimentation of the two prototypes of campus visit
Barry, Soulemane. "Serait-il possible d'intégrer les Africains dans le récit d'histoire nationale française ? : Étude de l’écologie didactique d’un enseignement d’histoire à l'école élémentaire". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3016.
Texto completoThe work presented here is mainly a principle study on the possibility of teaching primary school in France some elements of symmetrical history for children whose parents are from Africa to think like French people do. The national memory has become a political issue so that one had to find a place of memory of the same type : « Our ancestors the Gauls fought against the Roman Empire, etc. ». We have experimented - in a CM2 class in the outermost bounds of Marseille with pupils from deprived estates where new generations of immigrants have been welcomed for a long time - the opportunity to tell them how during World War II colonized Africans rallied and participated in the liberation of the national soil up to be a large proportion of the troops landing of Provence. It is because of their ancestors’ fight for freedom that those pupils are present in a French school and that they are allowed access to a special right to become French : they became part of the fight for freedom and fraternity - that are the founding values of the French republic and this place of memory helps them participate legitimately to the national identity. The didactic analysis of the experiment shows that the absence of an iconographical documentation which should highlight the African perspective, prevents the lesson from being stable in time because the teacher cannot support his account on the pupils’ history book nor study its iconographic documents such as expected from a school teacher lecturing multidisciplinary knowledge
Sadon, Jacques Bernard. "Les Juifs d'Algérie sous Vichy : le sort réservé aux enfants de l’enseignement primaire et secondaire : la mise en place de l’enseignement privé juif". eSorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC026.
Texto completoThe topic of my studies deals with the social treatment of the Jewish Algerian community during the years 1940-1943 and more precisely how the primary and secondary school children were treated, as they were excluded from school by the chief education officer in Algiers Georges Hardy. The first part of my researches is dedicated to how the Vichy government took control and power in the colony and how the anti-semitic rules were applied, aiming at excluding and marginalizing the Algerian Jewish population in the colonial society. The local political French authorities' behaviour is described(governors ,prefects of regions ,etc. . . ). The rules of exclusion and reject aroused feelings of protest and indignation among the jew community. The muslim algerian and european poulation reactions have been examined too. The second part of my study deals with the school children exclusion. I have carried out a survey questioning 60 people and met personally 12 people. The very conditions of this exclusion have been analyzed, as well as what became of the victims: most of them have been deeply influenced and emotionnaly bruised for ever. The third part deals with the private school education in Algeria. The various forms of this education have been dealt with as well as the legal conditions regarding the opening of these schools. A deep study of the teachers' legal and professional status in this alternate system of education has been completed too
Xiberras, Valérie. "Analyse du concept d'intellectuel à travers la figure sociale de l'"évolué" du Congo belge, 1945-1960 : de l'"évolué" à l'intellectuel : transition impossible". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28762.
Texto completoRompré, Hélène. "Deux religieuses se prononcent sur l'éducation des femmes en contexte colonial catholique : Marie de l'Incarnation et Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz". Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16828.
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