Artículos de revistas: "Dave Pelzer"

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Br Tarigan, Desinta Apulina, Herna Juita Sinaga, Irmaida Sinaga y Amelia Simanungkalit. "ANALISIS KONFLIK BATIN DAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN DALAM NOVEL A MAN NAMED DAVE". Asas: Jurnal Sastra 11, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ajs.v11i1.31855.

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Penelitian ini berjudul Analisis novel terjemahan A Man Named Dave karya Dave Pelzer dari aspek konflik batin dan nilai pendidikan (Kajian Psikologi Sastra). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui konflik batin tokoh utama (2) mendeskripsikan nilai pendidikan dalam novel terjemahan A Man Named Dave Karya Dave Pelzer. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah pendekatan psikologi sastra. Psikologi sastra yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kepribadian yang dikemukakan oleh Sigmund Freud yang membahasa id, ego dan superego. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini membahas konflik batin yang dialami tokoh. (1) Konflik batin Tokoh utama Dave memiliki superego yang lebih tinggi sehingga selalu mengorban dirinya untuk orang lain. Tokoh Catherine Roerva Pelzer memiliki id yang lebih tinggi sehingga tindakannya sering menyerang Dave. Patsy memiliki kepribadian yang seimbang, pasty juga mempunyai superego tapi setelah itu mulai muncul id yang tinggi membuatnya bercerai dengan Dave. (2) Nilai pendidikan yang terdapat dalam novel adalah nilai religius, nilai moral, nilai sosial dan nilai budaya.

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Mathur, Jaskiran K. "The Lost Boy by Dave Pelzer, 1997". Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond 3, n.º 1 (marzo de 2016): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2349301120160111.

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Susilowati, Endang. "Psychological Structural Analysis to “A Child Called It” by Dave Pelzer". Register Journal 6, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v6i2.1-16.

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This paper attempts to explore a child abuse, the reason and the effect of the character’s psychological development using the theory of psychological development and structural analysis. Two approaches are used in this paper. Those are structural approach and psychology, especially developmental psychology approach. The first approach focuses on literary intrinsic elements. The second approach focuses on the character’s psychological development based on the developmental stages and tasks. Those are integrated into a psychological structural analysis. The result shows that child abuse that experienced by David is physical and psychological. He got the first stage of abuse commited by his mother who didn’t give him food and the last stage evidenced by some physical abuses when he lived with his mother. The primary reasons of David abuses are disciplinary patterns and he was regarded as a trouble maker. Keywords:Psychological structural analysis; child abuse and psychological development.

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Susilowati, Endang. "Psychological Structural Analysis to “A Child Called It” by Dave Pelzer". Register Journal 6, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v6i2.235.

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This paper attempts to explore a child abuse, the reason and the effect of the character’s psychological development using the theory of psychological development and structural analysis. Two approaches are used in this paper. Those are structural approach and psychology, especially developmental psychology approach. The first approach focuses on literary intrinsic elements. The second approach focuses on the character’s psychological development based on the developmental stages and tasks. Those are integrated into a psychological structural analysis. The result shows that child abuse that experienced by David is physical and psychological. He got the first stage of abuse commited by his mother who didn’t give him food and the last stage evidenced by some physical abuses when he lived with his mother. The primary reasons of David abuses are disciplinary patterns and he was regarded as a trouble maker. Keywords:Psychological structural analysis; child abuse and psychological development.

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5

Goddard, Chris. "A Child Called ‘It’ Dave Pelzer London: Orion Books Ltd. 2002 edition". Children Australia 27, n.º 2 (2002): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005083.

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Mathur, Jaskiran K. "A Child Called ‘It’: One Child's Courage to Survive by Dave Pelzer, 1995". Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond 2, n.º 1 (marzo de 2015): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2349301120150110.

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A. AL-Tamimy, Salah M., Duha B. Diab y Nazar Abbas Malik. "Effect of Adding Date Palm Pollen and Physical Diet Form on Productive Performance and Egg Quality of Female Quail". Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal 16, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2024): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52951/dasj.24160110.

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This experiment was conducted to estimate the main effect of adding Data palm pollen (DPP) and the form of diet on the productive performance of female quail compliant with: Hen day egg production (HD), Egg weight (EW), Egg mass (EM), Feed intake (FI) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and eggs quality of quail compliant with: Shape index (ShI %), shell weight (%), yolk weight (%), albumen weight (%), Yolk index (YI%), Albumen Index (AI%) and Hough unit (HU). For eight weeks, from February 14 to April 13, 2023. Two hindered fifty-two female quail with age about forty-seven days were divided into six treatments, each including forty-two birds with three replicates (four ten quail of each). The treatments were T1: 0% DPP with mash feed form, T2: 0% DPP with pellet feed form, T3: 0.5% DPP with mash feed form, T4: 0.5% DPP with pellet feed form, T5: 1% DPP with mash feed form and T6: 1% DPP with pellet feed form. The quail were fed a productive diet with 2794 kcal/kg energy and 18.39% crude protein, and similar rearing conditions. Results showed there were significant effects in the percentage of HD, EW., EM, and (FCR) in treatments with DPP and pellet feed form when compared with the other treatments, as well as an improvement in egg quality in treatments with DPP and pellet feed form when compared with the other treatments.

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Elmay, Yassine, Gwenäelle Trouvé, Mejdi Jeguirim y Rachid Said. "Energy recovery of date palm residues in a domestic pellet boiler". Fuel Processing Technology 112 (agosto de 2013): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.02.015.

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Sullivan, B. J., G. S. Baxter y A. T. Lisle. "Low-density koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations in the mulgalands of south-west Queensland. III. Broad-scale patterns of habitat use". Wildlife Research 30, n.º 6 (2003): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02036.

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To date there have been few quantitative studies of the distribution of, and relative habitat utilisation by, koalas in the mulgalands of Queensland. To examine these parameters we applied habitat-accessibility and relative habitat-utilisation indices to estimates of faecal pellet density sampled at 149 sites across the region. Modelling the presence of pellets using logistic regression showed that the potential range of accessible habitats and relative habitat use varied greatly across the region, with rainfall being probably the most important determinant of distribution. Within that distribution, landform and rainfall were both important factors affecting habitat preference. Modelling revealed vastly different probabilities of finding a pellet under trees depending on the tree species, canopy size, and location within the region.

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Kamil, Mohammed y Fatima M. Almarashda. "Economic Viability and Engine Performance Evaluation of Biodiesel Derived from Desert Palm Date Seeds". Energies 16, n.º 3 (3 de febrero de 2023): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031513.

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Desert palm date seeds are a potential feedstock for biodiesel and biomass pellet production, particularly in the Middle East and Africa. A model was developed in this study based on optimal conditions for the production of biodiesel, and it was used to evaluate the financial viability of a small-scale biodiesel plant (1000 t/y) using economic performance metrics including net present value, rate of investment, and payback period. Biodiesel was then produced from date seed oil (DSO) and blended with petrol diesel to make four blends (B5, B10, B15, and B20). The technical performance of these blends was investigated using a test engine rig under differing operating conditions, including variations in load and rpm. The investment performance of the proposed biodiesel plant was very sensitive to the price of biomass pellets; the project was feasible only when this was 70% that of wood pellets or higher. The baseline diesel outperformed the biodiesel blends in terms of engine power, thermal efficiency, and fuel economy, with average decreases of 4.5%, 7.65%, and 9.84%, respectively, at full load for B20. However, the biodiesel blends outperformed the baseline diesel in exhaust gas temperature (EGT), with average drops of 29 and 46.7 °C at full load for B5 and B20, respectively. Our study clearly demonstrates that due to it being obtained from existing waste materials, having a cleaner but comparable performance, and its economic viability, date seed oil has excellent potential as a feedstock for biodiesel production.

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Elsheikh Abdelrahman, Abubaker, Fatima Abbas y Selma Elsheikh Abdelrahman. "Crystallites Dimensions and Electrical Conductivity of Solid Carbon Pellets (SCPs) from Date Palm Leaves (Phoenix dactylifera L.)". Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 4, n.º 45 (5 de enero de 2023): 05–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.en.2023.45.1.

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Solid carbon pellets (SCPs) were prepared from self-adhesive properties of date palm leaves (Phoenix dactylifera L.), primary pre-carbonized at low temperature, milled to fine grain, powdered, and pelletized as a grain pellet by applying of (5-21) metric tons of compression load, to carbonization at 1000 ºC. The SCPs produced were analyzed in terms of the volume shrinkage, carbon yield, crystallites dimensions and electrical conductivity of the solid carbon pellets as a function of compression load. The values of the electrical conductivity were further analyzed in terms of percolation theory to estimate the critical density of the SCPs produced. The results show that the volume shrinkage and carbon yield after carbonization were in a range of 54.0-64.8% and 26.98-32.4%, respectively, indicating that the body is physically shrinking to maintain its structural integrity. X-ray diffraction intensity shows that the structures of the SCPs are non-graphitic, and their crystallite dimensions are improved by increasing the compressive load. The d002, Lc and La data were found to obey the linear relation of d002 versus 1/ Lc and 1/ La, as Lc and La approach infinity. The electrical conductivity was varied with the compression load and 19 metric tons is a higher value than the others. The critical density of the SCP obtained from the percolation theory was 0.025 g/cm3.

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Sudewi, N. W. W. Astuti, Fahrudin, I. N. A. Giri y B. Slamet. "Growth and survival of spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus fed fresh food and formulated diet". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 890, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2021): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012036.

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Abstract To date, lobster aquaculture relies on fresh food for feeding; however, the availability of fresh food is limited and its excessive use causes environmental degradation. Therefore, formulated diet is required to establish sustainable lobster aquaculture. Concerning this issue, this study was carried out to assess the growth and survival of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus fed fresh food and formulated diet. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 groups of treatments and 3 replicates for each treatment. Feeding experiment was performed in a flow-through water system using 9 fibre tanks, 4000 L in volume. Each tank was stocked with 40 lobsters, with initial weight of 78.08 ± 0.22 g. Each group of lobsters was fed with fresh food (A), formulated diet (pellet) (B) and a combination of pellet and fresh food (C). The fresh food was a mixture of fish, crabs, shrimp and small mussel (3:1:1:1). Feeding experiment was done for 15 weeks. Results of the experiment showed that the highest specific growth rate of lobster was obtained from lobsters fed with the combination of pellet and fresh food (0.52 ± 0.02 %/day) and the lowest growth was resulted from lobsters fed formulated diet (0.16 ± 0.03 %/day). In contrast, the highest survival was achieved in lobsters fed formulated diet (51.67%). Whereas the lowest survival was found in lobsters fed fresh food (10%). This study indicated that good growth of lobster was resulted from feeding with formulated diet combined with fresh food, while good survival was supported by feeding with formulated diet.

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Joseph, Odii Christopher, Agyekum Ephraim Bonah y Bright Kwame Afornu. "Effect of Dual Surface Cooling on the Temperature Distribution of a Nuclear Fuel Pellet". Key Engineering Materials 769 (abril de 2018): 296–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.769.296.

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Heat removal from nuclear reactor core has been one of the major Engineering considerations in the construction of nuclear power plant. At the center of this consideration is the nuclear fuel pellet whose burning efficiency determines the rate of heat transfer to the coolant. This research, focuses on the study of temperature distribution of solid fuel, temperature distribution of annular fuel with external cooling and the temperature distribution of annular fuel with internal and external cooling. We analyzed the different distribution and made a conclusion on the possibility of improving temperature management of Nuclear fuel rod, by designing fuel pellets based on this geometrical and thermal Analysis. To date, a lot of studies has been done on the thermal and geometrical properties of Nuclear fuel pellet, it is observed that annular fuel pellet with simulteneous internal and external cooling can achieve better temperature distribution which leads to high linear heat generation rate, thus generating more power in the design [1]. It has also been observed that annular fuel pellets has low fission gas release [10]. In large LOCA, the peak cladding temperature of annular fuel is about 600 which is significantly less than that of solid fuel (920 ), this is due to the fact that annular fuel cladding has lower initial temperature and the thinner annular fuel can be cooled more efficiently than the solid fuel. One of drawbacks of annular fuel technology is “the fuel gap conductance assymmetry” which is caused by outward thermal expansion, it has a potential effect on the MDNBR (Minimum Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio), which is the minimum ratio of the critical to actual heat flux found in the core [10]. In this model, we used the ceramic fuel pellet of UO2 as our case study. All the parameters in this model are assumed parameters of UO2. The Heat Transfer tool (ANSYS APDL) was used to validate the Analytical Model of this research.

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Carvajalino-Fernández, MA, NB Keeley, I. Fer, BA Law y RJ Bannister. "Effect of substrate type and pellet age on the resuspension of Atlantic salmon faecal material". Aquaculture Environment Interactions 12 (26 de marzo de 2020): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/aei00350.

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The influence of substrate type and particle age on the remobilization of settled Atlantic salmon Salmo salar faecal material was studied through a set of controlled experiments in horizontal flow flumes, simulating different bottom conditions present in fish-farming locations along the coast of Norway. There was no significant effect of pellet age on remobilization for up to 1 week old faecal material, but critical shear stresses (τc) and velocities required for resuspending faecal pellets were strongly dependent on substrate type. Smooth substrates such as mud and rock slate required lower stresses for the onset of faeces resuspension (τc %%CONV_ERR%% 0.06 Pa) than rougher surfaces such as sand (τc %%CONV_ERR%% 0.12 Pa) or fragmented rock (τc %%CONV_ERR%% 0.32 Pa), where bedforms and large fractures shield the particles from the direct influence of the drag forces. These newly determined substrate-dependent τc resuspension thresholds will contribute to the construction of more accurate numerical models that include bottom type as a parameter regulating the extent of particle spreading, in contrast to the constant-value approach that has been used to date.

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Delaroche, Lucie, Mélanie Bertine, Pierre Oger, Diane Descamps, Florence Damond, Emmanuel Genauzeau, Philippe Meicler et al. "Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in semen, seminal plasma, and spermatozoa pellet of COVID-19 patients in the acute stage of infection". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 12 (14 de diciembre de 2021): e0260187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260187.

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To date, there is limited information about the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen especially in the acute phase of the infection. While available data from cohort studies including a total of 342 patients in the acute or recovery phase of the infection are reassuring, one study mentioned detecting virus in the semen of 6/38 COVID-19 patients. Here we assessed SARS-CoV-2 presence in the semen of COVID-19 positive patients in the acute stage of infection, within 24 hours of the positive nasopharyngeal swabs. Semen, seminal plasma and spermatozoa pellet were screened for SARS-CoV-2 and manual or airborne contamination during semen sampling. Among the 32 COVID-19 volunteers, the median interval from the onset of symptoms to semen collection was 4 days [IQR: 0–8]. Only one presented positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR in semen and seminal plasma fractions, although the spermatozoa pellet was negative. Viral cultures were all negative. We observed slightly higher concentrations of bacterial DNA in the SARS-CoV-2 positive specimen than in all negative samples. The bacteria identified neither confirm nor rule out contamination by oropharyngeal secretions during collection. SARS-CoV-2 was rarely present in semen during the acute phase of the disease. This very rare situation could be connected to oral or manual contamination during semen collection. The possible presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen calls for nasopharyngeal viral testing and strict hygiene protocols during semen collection before assisted reproductive attempts.

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Furlonger, A. A., L. Huynh, T. W. Luloff, K. L. Schmidt y S. A. MacDougall-Shackleton. "Effects of supplementation with preferred foods on the reproductive axis of American Goldfinches (Spinus tristis)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, n.º 2 (febrero de 2012): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-127.

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Numerous field studies indicate that food supplementation of birds can advance laying date. In addition, laboratory studies, though less common, suggest that altering the amount of food, the predictability of food, or food type can affect reproductive physiology. American Goldfinches ( Spinus tristis , formerly Carduelis tristis (L., 1758)) breed in late summer when thistle (Cynareae) seeds become abundant, suggesting that specific food types may affect their reproductive physiology. We tested whether supplementation with preferred seeds would affect reproductive physiology of male and female American Goldfinches. Birds were photostimulated and fed a standard pellet diet, or supplemented with a variety of preferred seeds. Supplemented females developed larger ovarian follicles. Supplemented males had higher levels of plasma testosterone, but only if they were also housed with a female. These results suggest that preferred seed types can act as a supplementary cue in this species, and fine-tune photoperiod-driven changes in reproductive physiology.

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Reigel, M., C. Donohoue, Douglas Burkes, John J. Moore y J. R. Kennedy. "Application of Combustion Synthesis to the Production of Actinide Bearing Nitride Ceramic Nuclear Fuels". Materials Science Forum 561-565 (octubre de 2007): 1749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1749.

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Self-propagating high temperature (combustion) synthesis (SHS) is being used to develop several synthesis and processing routes for the next generation of ceramic nuclear fuels. These fuels are based on an actinide nitride within an inert matrix. The application of SHS is particularly important in the synthesis of americium (Am) based ceramics; since the rapid heating and cooling cycles used in this process will help to minimize vaporization loss of Am, which is a major problem in synthesizing Am-based ceramics. Manganese, praseodymium, and dysprosium are being used as physical and chemical surrogates for various actinides. Actinide nitride powders produced using auto-ignition combustion synthesis (AICS) are subsequently reacted with zirconium powder using SHS to produce a final fuel pellet. This paper will discuss the research to date on the synthesis of Am-N powders as well as the production of dense Zr-Am-N pellets as a model ceramic fuel system.

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Janetaisong, Pathompong, Viset Lailuck y Somsak Supasitmongkol. "Pelletization of Iron Oxide Based Sorbents for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal". Key Engineering Materials 751 (agosto de 2017): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.449.

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Biogas derived from anaerobic digestion of biological wastes has been extensively used for heating purposes and/or electricity generation. Presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas affects engine performance adversely, thus reducing H2S content is a valuable part in practical application before utilizing biogas. Adsorptive separation is very appealing due to being an economical and effective method including the use of iron oxide based adsorbents. Pelletization of iron oxide adsorbents has never been reported among the adsorbents described to date. Therefore, H2S capture in two iron oxides (ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4)) was experimentally investigated to determine technical feasibility of shaping pellets based on active iron oxide sorbent in removing H2S from a simulated gas stream (0.35 vol.% H2S balanced in N2). Many factors affecting the behavior of gas adsorption such as gas in-flow rate, adsorption temperature, binder loadings and textural characteristics were considered. The pellet strengths were also undertaken using a bulk crushing strength analyzer. The results indicated that higher temperature favors the diffusion of H2S molecules from the surface into the bulk of iron oxides. The H2S-sorption capacity of Fe3O4 sorbent was higher than that of Fe2O3 sorbent corresponding with the different pore volume and surface area in each adsorbent. With the same active Fe3O4, the extruded pellet produced with starch binder showed the excellent H2S uptake and crushing resistance. The higher gas in-flow rate had positive impact to contacting efficiency and mass transfer of solid and gas phase. The adsorbed H2S gas can be readily desorbed from the pellets with the desorption temperature below 60°C and the H2S-sorption capacity was consistent over repeated cycles. The pellets can be reused several times for consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles, without loss of performance in a large-scale reactor and therefore represent serious candidates for use in commercial absorbers.

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Moran, Alison J., Sean W. J. Prosser y Jonathan A. Moran. "DNA metabarcoding allows non-invasive identification of arthropod prey provisioned to nestling Rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus)". PeerJ 7 (5 de marzo de 2019): e6596. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6596.

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Hummingbirds consume sugars from nectar, sap and honeydew, and obtain protein, fat and minerals from arthropods. To date, the identity of arthropod taxa in hummingbird diets has been investigated by observation of foraging or examination of alimentary tract contents. Direct examination of nestling provisioning adds the extra complication of disturbance to the young and mother. Here, we show that arthropod food items provisioned to Rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) nestlings can be identified by a safe and non-invasive protocol using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of DNA from nestling fecal pellets collected post-fledging. We found that females on southern Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) provisioned nestlings with a wide range of arthropod taxa. The samples examined contained three Classes, eight Orders, 48 Families, and 87 Genera, with from one to 15 Families being identified in a single pellet. Soft-bodied Dipterans were found most frequently and had the highest relative abundance; hard-bodied prey items were absent from almost all samples. Substantial differences in taxa were found within season and between years, indicating the importance of multi-year sampling when defining a prey spectrum.

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Johnson, Michelle, Cody Shelton, Cyle C. Jones y Daniel Rivera. "PSXI-3 Effects of Limit Feeding Complete Diets to High Risk Receiving Calves". Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (6 de noviembre de 2023): 594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.692.

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Abstract Limit feeding cattle may result in more efficient gains, however, limiting intake may result in increased morbidity in higher-risk cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of limit feeding on performance and health of newly received cattle. One hundred sixty-eight crossbred beef steers (BW = 215 ± 21 kg) were purchased from several sale barns in TX and AR and shipped to the University of Arkansas Southwest Research and Extension Center in Hope, AR. One-half the steers arrived one week, and the other one-half arrived the following week. Upon arrival, steers were vaccinated against respiratory and clostridial pathogens, treated with an anthelmintic, and administered a growth-promoting implant (40 mg TBA + 8 mg estradiol). Additionally, each animal was administered a metaphylactic treatment of tulathromycin. Approximately 52% were bulls that were surgically castrated upon arrival. Cattle were stratified by bull status and assigned to pens (n = 7 steers/pen) and pens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n = 8 pens/treatment): limit-fed pellet comprised of approximately 12% DDGS and 25% corn gluten feed fed at the rate of 2.25% of BW, without additional hay (NH; 2.25NH); a limit-fed pellet comprised of 12% DDGS and 25% corn gluten feed fed at the rate of 1.75% of BW, without additional hay (1.75NH); or a limit-fed pellet with similar composition as the other two, fed at the rate of 2.0% of BW along with free choice access to long stem hay (H; 2.0H). Cattle were fed diets twice daily at 0800 and 1400 hours, and hay was weighed and offered once per week, with hay refusals weighed back to correct for hay disappearance. Cattle were monitored for symptoms of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), and any symptomatic animals were treated with antimicrobial therapy. Cattle were weighed on d 0, 21, 42, 62, and 63. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX, pen was the experimental unit, treatment was a fixed effect, and block (arrival date) was considered random. Body weight was affected by treatment (P < 0.05) on d 42 and 63 with cattle fed 2.25NH and 2.0H having greater BW than 1.75NH. Similarly, ADG was greater from d 0 to 42 and d 0 to 63 for 2.0H and 2.25NH compared with 1.75NH (P < 0.05). Cattle fed 1.75NH and 2.25NH had more efficient feed conversion compared with 2.0H for the entire study (P < 0.05). No differences (P = 0.17) were noted for morbidity, mortality (P = 0.63), or treatment success (P = 0.76). Data from this study suggests limit-fed diets based on by-product feeds could be used for diets in high-risk cattle.

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Duro, L., O. Riba, A. Martínez-Esparza y J. Bruno. "Modelling the Activation of H2 on Spent Fuel Surface and Inhibiting Effect of UO2 Dissolution". MRS Proceedings 1518 (2013): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.76.

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ABSTRACTThe dissolution of spent nuclear fuel is defined in two different time steps, i) the Instant Release Fraction (IRF) occurring shortly after water contacts the solid spent fuel and responsible of the fast release of those radionuclides that have been accumulated in the zones of the spent fuel pellet with low confinement, such as gap and grain boundaries and ii) the long term release of radionuclides confined in the spent fuel matrix, much slower and dependent on the conditions of the water that contacts the spent fuel.Several models have been developed to date to explain the dissolution behavior of spent nuclear fuel under disposal conditions. The Matrix Alteration Model (MAM) is one of the most evolved radiolytic models describing the dissolution mechanism in which an Alteration/Dissolution source term model is based on the oxidative dissolution of spent fuel. Under deep repository conditions and at the expected of water contacting time (after 1000 years of spent fuel storage), α radiation will be the main contributor to water radiolysis. In the current study, simulations evaluating the effect of surface area on the alteration/dissolution of spent fuel matrix are performed considering different particle sizes of spent fuel and simulations integrating the actinides dissolution have been performed considering the precipitation of secondary phases.

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Makde, Manjiri Milind y Prajakta Sathawane. "Liquid-based cytology: Technical aspects". Cytojournal 19 (14 de junio de 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cmas_03_16_2021.

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Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a monolayer slide preparation technology that has outperformed conventional Pap smears because of improved fixation, decreased obscuring factors, and standardized cell transfer. In LBC, samples are collected by completely immersing the sampling device into the company vial containing preservative fluid, whereby the cells are preserved and fixed simultaneously unlike conventional smears where the sample is smeared onto the glass slide and fixed separately. To date, two major liquid-based preparation methods are known – ThinPrep and SurePath. These two methods are different in their principles of cell harvesting but produce similar preparations. SurePath works on the principle of density gradient sedimentation. In this, a sample is vortexed and strained to break the mucus and large cell groups and then is treated through a density gradient centrifugation process to remove blood and debris. The cell pellet is resuspended and is allowed to sediment onto a glass slide. This is followed by staining on the PrepStain instrument. Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, India, uses the SurePath method which was approved by FDA in the USA in 1999. Our institution uses Rovers Cervex-Brush to collect the cells from the transformation zone. This chapter describes the principle of SurePath and the processing of cervicovaginal specimen using the fully automated system in the laboratory.

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Schmitteckert, Eva Maria y Hans-Jürgen Schlicht. "Detection of the human hepatitis B virus X-protein in transgenic mice after radioactive labelling at a newly introduced phosphorylation site". Journal of General Virology 80, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 1999): 2501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-80-9-2501.

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Besides the three essential genes encoding the envelope, core and polymerase proteins, all mammalian hepadnaviruses examined to date contain a fourth gene which is referred to as the x-gene. This gene is believed to encode a transcriptional transactivator which positively regulates viral gene expression. Attempts to detect X-protein in vivo or in tissue culture lead to varying results. Whereas some groups could detect a protein of the expected size, other groups did not. To establish optimal conditions for the isolation of the human hepatitis B virus X-protein, we introduced a recognition site for protein kinase A into the x-gene. Upon phosphorylation with radioactive ATP, this modified X-protein can be detected with very high specificity and sensitivity. Tissue culture experiments showed that X-protein expressed from a cytomegalovirus-driven plasmid is not soluble in non-ionic detergent but rather has to be extracted from the cell pellet by boiling with SDS at a slightly alkaline pH. This method was then used to examine the organs of several transgenic mouse lines which expressed the modified x-gene under control of the authentic promoter. The data show that expression of the x-gene and subsequent biosynthesis of the X-protein is not tissue-specific but rather can occur in most organs.

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Aaqillah-Amr, Mohd Amran, Ariffin Hidir, Mohamad N. Azra, Abdul Rahim Ahmad-Ideris, Muyassar H. Abualreesh, Mat Noordin Noordiyana y Mhd Ikhwanuddin. "Use of Pelleted Diets in Commercially Farmed Decapods during Juvenile Stages: A Review". Animals 11, n.º 6 (12 de junio de 2021): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061761.

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The increasing market demand for decapods has led to a considerable interest in cultivating decapod species at a larger scale. Following the development of hatchery technologies, most research has focused on the development of formulated feeds for commercially farmed decapods once they enter the juvenile stages. The use of formulated feed for decapods at a commercial scale is still in the early stages. This is probably because of the unique feeding behavior that decapods possess: being robust, slow feeders and bottom dwellers, their feeding preferences change during the transition from pelagic larvae to benthic juveniles as their digestive systems develop and become more complex. The current practice of decapod aquaculture involves the provision of juveniles with food such as natural diet, live feed, and formulated feed. Knowledge of nutrient requirements enables diets to be better formulated. By manipulating the levels of proteins and lipids, a formulated feed can be expected to lead to optimal growth in decapods. At the same time, the pellet’s physical characteristics are important factors to be considered upon formulating commercially farmed decapod feeds, considering the unique feeding behavior of the decapod. However, most published studies on decapod nutrition lack data on the physical characteristics of the feed types. Thus, it is difficult to establish a standard feed formulation that focuses on the physical pellet properties. Moreover, careful consideration must be given to the feeding behavior of species, as decapods are known as bottom feeders and are robust in terms of handling feed. Information on the pellet forms, diet composition, and unique feeding behaviors in commercially farmed decapods is gathered to suggest potential better formulated diets that can optimize growth and reproduction. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the information that has been published to date and to come up with suggestions on ways to improve the feed formulation in decapods that comply with their feeding behavior and nutrient requirements. Further research is needed to explore the potential of the pelleted feed at the adult stage so the decapod can take full advantage of the nutrients present in the pellets.

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Civitarese, Vincenzo, Andrea Acampora, Giulio Sperandio, Alberto Assirelli y Rodolfo Picchio. "Production of Wood Pellets from Poplar Trees Managed as Coppices with Different Harvesting Cycles". Energies 12, n.º 15 (1 de agosto de 2019): 2973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152973.

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High-density biomass plantations have played a key role in the national energy landscape in Italy since the 1990s but, to date, an inversion of tendency and a significant reduction of cultivated areas has been noted. Despite this, the existing plantations have seen their coppicing rotation become significantly lengthened, resulting in large quantities of biomass per hectare. This study aimed to identify the best raw material suitable for pellet production using whole trees or stems without branches from poplar plantations at the end of the third, sixth and ninth year of age. All types of pellets made reach the requirements of class A1 for diameter, length, moisture content, ash melting point, lower heating value, as well as nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and heavy metals. None of the theses satisfied the bulk density parameters while for ashes and mechanical durability, a great variability was observed according to the different raw materials used. An improvement in terms of heating value was observed by transforming the poplar wood chips refined into pellets. The pelletizing process using high density poplar plantation as a raw material highlights the possibility of obtaining a product that meets many of the quality standards required on the market. These aspects are closely related to the innovation carried out in the agro-forestry sector for effective energetic sustainability.

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26

RENGIFO-CORREA, LAURA, JUAN LUIS x. JUAN LUIS TÉLLEZ-RENDÓN, LYDA ESTEBAN, HERÓN HUERTA y JUAN J. MORRONE. "The Triatoma phyllosoma species group (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), vectors of Chagas disease: Diagnoses and a key to the species". Zootaxa 5023, n.º 3 (19 de agosto de 2021): 335–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5023.3.2.

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The Triatoma phyllosoma species group includes 17 species of kissing bugs, most of them implicated in the transmission of Chagas disease in the Americas. The species of this group are T. bassolsae Alejandre-Aguilar, Nogueda-Torres, Cortéz-Jímenez, Jurberg, Galvão & Carcavallo, 1999, T. brailovskyi Martínez, Carcavallo & Pelaez, 1984, T. dimidiata (Latreille, 1811), T. gerstaeckeri (Stål, 1859), T. gomeznunezi Martínez, Carcavallo & Juberg, 1994, T. hegneri Mazzotti, 1940, T. huehuetenanguensis Lima-Cordón, Monroy, Stevens, Rodas, Rodas, Dorn & Justi, 2019, T. indictiva Neiva, 1912, T. longipennis Usinger, 1939, T. mazzottii Usinger, 1941, T. mexicana (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848), T. mopan Dorn, Justi, Dale, Stevens, Galvão, Lima-Cordón & Monroy, 2018, T. pallidipennis (Stål, 1872), T. phyllosoma (Burmeister, 1835), T. picturata Usinger, 1939, T. recurva (Stål, 1868), and T. sanguisuga (LeConte, 1855). The validity of some species of the group was uncertain, because of both cryptic species and hybrid occurrence. Species exhibiting these particularities were formerly classified in the T. dimidiata and T. phyllosoma complexes. Although we recognize the historical value of these species complexes, we do not recommend their further use. Instead, we recognize the T. phyllosoma species group here reviewed, considering the current knowledge of the systematics and reproductive behavior of the group. We implement the cohesion species concept, validating the species status of T. bassolsae, T. longipennis, T. mazzottii, T. pallidipennis, T. phyllosoma, and T. picturata. We also provide diagnoses, photographs and a taxonomic key including the recently described species.

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27

Alatise, Olusegun Isaac, Akinwunmi O. Komolafe, Olusola C. Famurewa, Aba Ibrahim Katung, Olufemi O. Ariyibi, Adedeji A. Egberoungbe, Samuel Adegboyega Olatoke et al. "Colorectal cancer patient outcomes in Nigeria: Results from the African Colorectal Cancer Group." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, n.º 4_suppl (1 de febrero de 2016): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.729.

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729 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing problem in sub-Saharan Africa. There are, however, limited data describing the demographics, risk factors, presentation, treatments, and outcome of patients with CRC there. We established the African Colorectal Cancer Group (ARGO) to prospectively capture data and tissue from patients with CRC in Nigeria. This is vital to guide screening and treatment trials. Methods: The Consortium consists of 5 hospitals in Nigeria and MSKCC (USA). We have been prospectively collecting data since 2013. Tissue and blood samples were obtained. Ultrasounds and CT scans were provided by an NCI grant. Overall survival from date of diagnosis was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Results: 152 patients have been accrued. The majority was male (56.8%), the median BMI was 22, the majority were non-smokers (89.1%) and non-drinkers (73.5%). Many patients had symptoms, as 65.8% of patients presented with obstruction or bleeding, 52.1% of patients had pellet like stool, and 88.4% had weight loss. 33.3% saw a traditional healer prior to presentation. The common locations of the primary tumor were rectum (52%) and right colon (23%). 8 patients (6.4%) had CEA > 30 ng/mL. The majority of patients presented with advanced disease. 43 (32.3%) patients had T3 tumors; 87 patients (66.9%) had T4 tumors. AJCC stage was II (n = 12, 9.3%), III (n = 34, 26.4%), and IV (n = 83, 64.3%). 97 patients (66%) had surgery. The most common operations were right hemicolectomy (23.1%) and diverting colostomy (22.4%). 110 patients (88.7%) had chemotherapy recommended; only 71 patients (61.2%) received chemotherapy. The reasons for not receiving chemotherapy included patient finances (n = 19) and mortality (n = 12). The commonly utilized chemotherapies were FOLFOX (n = 24) and XELOX (n = 15). 62 patients died with a median follow-up among survivors of 4.4 months. Overall 12-month survival from date of diagnosis (N = 138), was 48.4% (95% confidence interval 38.9-60.1). Conclusions: The majority of patients that present to hospitals in Nigeria with CRC are stage IV. The mortality rate is high. These data serve as a baseline to judge current screening trials. Identifying high-risk patients for screening is vital to improve outcomes.

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Baler, R., G. Dahl y R. Voellmy. "Activation of human heat shock genes is accompanied by oligomerization, modification, and rapid translocation of heat shock transcription factor HSF1". Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, n.º 4 (abril de 1993): 2486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.4.2486-2496.1993.

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Transcriptional activity of heat shock (hsp) genes is controlled by a heat-activated, group-specific transcription factor(s) recognizing arrays of inverted repeats of the element NGAAN. To date genes for two human factors, HSF1 and HSF2, have been isolated. To define their properties as well as the changes they undergo during heat stress activation, we prepared polyclonal antibodies to these factors. Using these tools, we have shown that human HeLa cells constitutively synthesize HSF1, but we were unable to detect HSF2. In unstressed cells HSF1 is present mainly in complexes with an apparent molecular mass of about 200 kDa, unable to bind to DNA. Heat treatment induces a shift in the apparent molecular mass of HSF1 to about 700 kDa, concomitant with the acquisition of DNA-binding ability. Cross-linking experiments suggest that this change in complex size may reflect the trimerization of monomeric HSF1. Human HSF1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes does not bind DNA, but derepression of DNA-binding activity, as well as oligomerization of HSF1, occurs during heat treatment at the same temperature at which hsp gene expression is induced in this organism, suggesting that a conserved Xenopus protein(s) plays a role in this regulation. Inactive HSF1 resides in the cytoplasm of human cells; on activation it rapidly translocates to a soluble nuclear fraction, and shortly thereafter it becomes associated with the nuclear pellet. On heat shock, activatable HSF1, which might already have been posttranslationally modified in the unstressed cell, undergoes further modification. These different process provide multiple points of regulation of hsp gene expression.

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29

Baler, R., G. Dahl y R. Voellmy. "Activation of human heat shock genes is accompanied by oligomerization, modification, and rapid translocation of heat shock transcription factor HSF1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, n.º 4 (abril de 1993): 2486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.4.2486.

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Transcriptional activity of heat shock (hsp) genes is controlled by a heat-activated, group-specific transcription factor(s) recognizing arrays of inverted repeats of the element NGAAN. To date genes for two human factors, HSF1 and HSF2, have been isolated. To define their properties as well as the changes they undergo during heat stress activation, we prepared polyclonal antibodies to these factors. Using these tools, we have shown that human HeLa cells constitutively synthesize HSF1, but we were unable to detect HSF2. In unstressed cells HSF1 is present mainly in complexes with an apparent molecular mass of about 200 kDa, unable to bind to DNA. Heat treatment induces a shift in the apparent molecular mass of HSF1 to about 700 kDa, concomitant with the acquisition of DNA-binding ability. Cross-linking experiments suggest that this change in complex size may reflect the trimerization of monomeric HSF1. Human HSF1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes does not bind DNA, but derepression of DNA-binding activity, as well as oligomerization of HSF1, occurs during heat treatment at the same temperature at which hsp gene expression is induced in this organism, suggesting that a conserved Xenopus protein(s) plays a role in this regulation. Inactive HSF1 resides in the cytoplasm of human cells; on activation it rapidly translocates to a soluble nuclear fraction, and shortly thereafter it becomes associated with the nuclear pellet. On heat shock, activatable HSF1, which might already have been posttranslationally modified in the unstressed cell, undergoes further modification. These different process provide multiple points of regulation of hsp gene expression.

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30

Visser, G. Henk, Anne Dekinga, Bart Achterkamp y Theunis Piersma. "Ingested water equilibrates isotopically with the body water pool of a shorebird with unrivaled water fluxes". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 2000): R1795—R1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.5.r1795.

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We investigated the applicability of 2H to measure the amount of body water (TBW) and water fluxes in relation to diet type and level of food intake in a mollusk-eating shorebird, the Red Knot ( Calidris canutus). Six birds were exposed to eight experimental indoor conditions. Average fractional 2H turnover rates ranged between 0.182 day−1 (SD = 0.0219) for fasting birds and 7.759 day−1 (SD = 0.4535) for birds feeding on cockles ( Cerastoderma edule). Average TBW estimates obtained with the plateau method were within the narrow range of 75.9–85.4 g (or between 64.6 and 70.1% of the body mass). Those obtained with the extrapolation method showed strong day-to-day variations (range 55.7–83.7 g, or between 49.7 and 65.5%). Average difference between the two calculation methods ranged between 0.6% and 36.3%, and this difference was strongly negatively correlated with water flux rate. Average water influx rates ranged between 15.5 g/day (fasting) and 624.5 g/day (feeding on cockles). The latter value is at 26.6 times the allometrically predicted value and is the highest reported to date. Differences in 2H concentrations between the blood and feces (i.e., biological fractionation) were small but significant (−3.4% when fed a pellet diet, and −1.1% for all the other diets), and did not relate to the rate of water flux (χ2 1 = 0.058, P < 0.81). We conclude that the ingested water equilibrated rapidly with the body water pool even in an avian species that shows record water flux rates when living on ingested marine bivalves.

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Szép, Dávid, Ákos Klein y Jenő J. Purger. "Investigating the relationship between the prey composition of Barn Owls (Tyto alba) and the habitat structure of their hunting range in the Marcal Basin (Hungary), based on pellet analysis". Ornis Hungarica 27, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2019): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2019-0002.

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Abstract Little was known about the small mammal fauna of the Marcal Basin to date, therefore we collected 1,144 Barn Owl pellets from 15 locations in 2017. After the analysis of the pellets, remnants of 3,063 prey items were identified, of which 97.5% were small mammals, belonging to 21 species, while the remaining 2.5% were birds, frogs and insects. Mammal prey items consisted of Cricetidae 41%, Muridae 31% and Soricidae 28%, and in some samples, we found the remnants of European Mole (Talpa europaea), Kuhl’s Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii), Hazel Dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) and Least Weasel (Mustela nivalis). Small mammal species were classified into four functional groups based on their preferences for urban, open, forest or wetland habitats. We investigated whether their relative abundances match with the proportions of the four habitat types in the assumed Barn Owl hunting ranges (cca. 2 km radius circle) in five sample sites. The relative abundance of small mammal species preferring urban habitats showed concordance with the proportion of the appropriate habitat types in the hunting area in two samples, while such concordance was proved for species favouring open, forest and wetland habitats just in one out of five samples. Small mammal functional groups represented in the prey composition do not directly correspond to the proportion of their typical habitats. We conclude that the abundance of various prey types is not suitable for characterising the landscape within the Barn Owl’s hunting range.

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32

Magara, Gabriele, Marino Prearo, Cristina Vercelli, Raffaella Barbero, Marco Micera, Alfonso Botto, Christian Caimi et al. "Modulation of Antioxidant Defense in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with a Diet Supplemented by the Waste Derived from the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)". Antioxidants 11, n.º 2 (18 de febrero de 2022): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020415.

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Phytotherapy is based on the use of plants to prevent or treat human and animal diseases. Recently, the use of essential oils and polyphenol-enriched extracts is also rapidly increasing in the aquaculture sector as a means of greater industrial and environmental sustainability. Previous studies assessed the antibacterial and antiparasitic effects of these bioactive compounds on fish. However, studies on the modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers are still scant to date. Thus, in this study, the modulation of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress exerted by fish diets supplemented with a basil supercritical extract (F1-BEO) was assessed in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The F1-BEO extracted with supercritical fluid extraction was added to the commercial feed flour (0.5, 1, 2, 3% w/w) and mixed with fish oil to obtain a suitable compound for pellet preparation. Fish were fed for 30 days. The levels of stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase I, glyoxalase II, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione and malondialdehyde showed a boost in the antioxidant pathway in fish fed with a 0.5% F1-BEO-supplemented diet. Higher F1-BEO supplementation led to a failure of activity of several enzymes and the depletion of glutathione levels. Malondialdehyde concentration suggests a sufficient oxidative stress defense against lipid peroxidation in all experimental groups, except for a 3% F1-BEO-supplemented diet (liver 168.87 ± 38.79 nmol/mg prot; kidney 146.86 ± 23.28 nmol/mg prot), compared to control (liver 127.76 ± 18.15 nmol/mg prot; kidney 98.68 ± 15.65 nmol/mg prot). Our results suggest supplementing F1-BEO in fish diets up to 0.5% to avoid potential oxidative pressure in farmed trout.

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Alit, Anak Agung, Ketut Maha Setiawati y Tony Setiadharma. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE FORMULATED FEEDING IN JUVENILE CORAL TROUT, Plectropomus leopardus IN CONTROLLED TANK". Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 8, n.º 2 (6 de abril de 2017): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v8i2.15823.

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A coral trout grouper is the fishery commodities to generate foreign exchange through exports, to date cultivation continued. The purpose is to obtain data and information on the dose of the right artificial feeding and can increase the survival rate of the optimum seed nursery in the juvenile coral trout in controlled tank. Research has been conducted at the hatchery and the Institute for Mariculture Reasearch and Development Gondol, Bali. Containers experiment is used is a fiber with a size of 1 m³ up to 12 containers. test animals used were seeds of coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus with initial body length on average 3 cm with each treatment density of 100 fish/m³. Coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus seed kept in fibers. This type of feed given in the form of commercial pellet feed with a protein content of 48%, and additional food such as shrimp Mysid (jembret) for 10 days. The frequency of feeding 3 times a day (morning 8:00. local time, lunch 13:00 local time, and afternoon 17:00 local time). Treatment feeding attempted is the treatment of A = 5% dose of artificial feeding, B = 10% dose of artificial feeding, C = 15% dose of artificial feeding, and D = 20% dose of artificial feeding. The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. If the variance is different then conducted a further test using the smallest real difference test (BNT). The results showed that significantly different (P <0.05) on survival, feed conversion, weight gain and body length of coral trout. The highest survival rate in treatment C = 15% dose artificial feeding is. = 90.83 ± 1.80%, followed by treatment D, B, and A.

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34

D, Kovalev, Vanyukov A, Bezshkurenko O y Dvorkovy O. "Study of the efficiency of partial replacement of natural gas solid fuel for firing iron ore pellets". Theory and practice of metallurgy 1, n.º 1 (5 de mayo de 2019): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/tpm.3.2019.03.

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Objective. Currently, most pellet mills use natural gas and liquid fuel as a heat carrier. However, given the prospects for energy development, rapid depletion of oil and gas reserves compared to coal reserves, it should be recognized that increasing the use of coal will avoid energy crises. To date, circumstances have changed in such a way that the need to save heat in the production of pellets has become even more urgent. In this work, we investigated the efficiency of partial replacement of natural gas with solid fuel for firing iron ore pellets. Method. Experimental research in laboratory and production conditions. Results. The additional amount of heat released as a result of burning part of the solid fuel and introduced by air from the cooling and oxidation zone of the rolling mills reduced the total consumption of natural gas consumed by the combustion machine from 3960 - 4360 m3 / h to 3470 - 3710 m3 / h. The temperature of the coolant in the flow collector has increased from 860 - 870 ° С to 900 - 930 ° С. In the experimental periods, the amount of calcined return decreased from 20 - 30 t / h to 15 - 20 t / h. At the same time, the hourly productivity of the firing machine increased from 258.6 t / h to 281 t / h. The specific consumption of natural gas decreased from 16.8 m3 / t of pellets to 12.3 - 13.1 m3 / t, and from 32.3 - 37.1 kWh / t to 29.3 - 33.8 kWh / t pellets. The strength of the calcined pellets and the content of the trifle in the finished product has not changed. Scientific novelty. The results of the study show that when working on pellets containing solid fuel, the temperature in the flow collector increased by 40-70 ° C. This is the result of oxidation of magnetite in the cooling zone. Practical significance. Saving natural gas when burning pellets obtained from the charge with the addition of solid fuel. Reducing the specific consumption of natural gas by increasing the productivity of the incinerator

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35

Alit, Anak Agung, Ketut Maha Setiawati y Tony Setiadharma. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE FORMULATED FEEDING IN JUVENILE CORAL TROUT, Plectropomus leopardus IN CONTROLLED TANK". Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 8, n.º 2 (6 de abril de 2017): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.28930/jitkt.v8i2.15823.

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A coral trout grouper is the fishery commodities to generate foreign exchange through exports, to date cultivation continued. The purpose is to obtain data and information on the dose of the right artificial feeding and can increase the survival rate of the optimum seed nursery in the juvenile coral trout in controlled tank. Research has been conducted at the hatchery and the Institute for Mariculture Reasearch and Development Gondol, Bali. Containers experiment is used is a fiber with a size of 1 m³ up to 12 containers. test animals used were seeds of coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus with initial body length on average 3 cm with each treatment density of 100 fish/m³. Coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus seed kept in fibers. This type of feed given in the form of commercial pellet feed with a protein content of 48%, and additional food such as shrimp Mysid (jembret) for 10 days. The frequency of feeding 3 times a day (morning 8:00. local time, lunch 13:00 local time, and afternoon 17:00 local time). Treatment feeding attempted is the treatment of A = 5% dose of artificial feeding, B = 10% dose of artificial feeding, C = 15% dose of artificial feeding, and D = 20% dose of artificial feeding. The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. If the variance is different then conducted a further test using the smallest real difference test (BNT). The results showed that significantly different (P <0.05) on survival, feed conversion, weight gain and body length of coral trout. The highest survival rate in treatment C = 15% dose artificial feeding is. = 90.83 ± 1.80%, followed by treatment D, B, and A.

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36

Rabinowits, Guilherme, Ludmila Flores, Anne M. O'Neill, Kristen Stevenson, Irene M. Ghobrial, Victoria Vergara, Vickie Y. Jo et al. "miRNA analysis between malignant and benign tissue and circulating exosomes (CE) in patients (pts) with tongue squamous cell carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2013): 6088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.6088.

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6088 Background: The identification of a specific miRNA pattern in HNSCC is challenging given the heterogeneity of this disease and different methodologies used in prior studies. Here we chose to group pts according to primary tumor location and used Nanostring as a larger miRNA platform. Methods: CE-miRNA was isolated from 500ul of plasma collected in Heparin/EDTA tubes. Samples were pretreated with Pacific Hemostasis Thromboplastin D. Supernatant was treated with ExoQuick. Exosomal pellet was resuspended in 1ml of QIAzol Lysis Reagent. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples were deparaffinized and digested with proteinase K. miRNA from plasma and FFPE were isolated with miRNeasy Mini Kit. Samples were processed by Nanostring Technology. In this analysis, only tongue cancer pts were selected due to availability of paired tumor and benign tissue miRNA in conjunction with CE from the same pts and others with tongue cancer. Results: 21 HNSCC pts and 32 age-matched controls have enrolled to date. For homogeneity we analyzed only patients with tongue cancer (n=9): 8 males, median age 55.5 years (range 24-64), all had stage IVA tongue cancer (6 base of tongue), 6 HPV/p16 positive. Nine pts received chemoradiation; 4 also had surgery; 8 had clinical and radiological complete response. Of the 800 miRNAs tested 62 were overexpressed and 15 were suppressed in the tumor compared to benign tissue in the same pts. Of those overexpressed and suppressed in tumor tissue, 4 (miR23a-3p; miR150-5p; miR199a-5p; miR203) had a post/pre treatment average ratio (PPTAR) less than 1, while 4 (miR720; miR1253; miR145-5p; miR1283) had PPTAR greater than 1, respectively on CE of pts. miR150-5p was suppressed and miR1283, miR145-5p and miR1253 were overexpressed on CE of control samples compared to pre treatment samples of pts. Conclusions: Of the 800 miRNAs, 8 appear to correlate with treatment response. The average levels of 4 of those miRNA mirror the average levels of tumor tissue miRNA and is in an inverse relationship with benign tissue and control blood samples, suggesting this may be a unique signature for tongue cancer. This observation needs to be validated in larger studies.

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Bindoli, S., E. Bertoldo, A. Doria, C. Baggio y P. Sfriso. "POS1578 JAK INHIBITORS AND VEXAS SYNDROME: A SUCCESSFULLY CASE TREATED WITH FILGOTINIB". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 de mayo de 2023): 1166.1–1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1020.

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BackgroundVEXAS syndrome is a novel described autoinflammatory entity for which the diagnosis is defined by somatic mutations in theUBA1X-linked gene in hematopoietic progenitor cells. The clinical manifestations are heterogeneous, ranging from autoinflammatory symptoms to the presence of underlying hematologic disorders. Response to treatment in VEXAS is very poor and to date the therapeutical strategies adopted are only partially effective. However, recently described cohorts of VEXAS patients treated with Janus-Kinases Inhibitors (JAK-I) demonstrated that these drugs can be effective for the treatment of several manifestations related to the disease.ObjectivesTo describe the case of a 65-year-old man affected by VEXAS who was successfully treated with the selective JAK-1 inhibitor filgotinib.MethodsWe present the case of a 65-year-old man, diagnosed with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS grade 3, sec WHO, 2016) one year earlier, presenting with a recent history of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, deep vein thrombosis, tenosynovitis, and ear chondritis. He was admitted to the hospital for hyperpyrexia (39° TC), increased inflammatory markers, macrocytic anemia with Hb 7,7 g/l and MCV 104 fL and requiring multiple blood transfusions, and shortness of breath caused by a pleural effusion; after excluding neoplastic conditions, infections, and other potential mimickers (such as vasculitis), a genetic analysis was performed, revealing the somatic mutation Met41Leu (c.121A>C) in theUBA1gene. Methylprednisolone was started from 16 mg/day (not reducible for recurrent flares). A peripheral blood smear was stained with May Grunwald-Giemsa staining to perform a cytogenic evaluation of leucocytes. Oil immersion microscopy with 1000× magnification was applied for the analysis.ResultsFollowing the diagnosis of VEXAS, the patient started filgotinib 200 mg/day, with a subsequent clinical and biological improvement that allowed for a slow reduction of glucocorticoids. After 1.5 month his laboratory exams showed: Hb 9,4 g/L, MCV 106 fL, C-reactive protein (CRP) 2,24 mg/dL. At peripheral blood smear, the patient had granulocytes with morphological changes, including cytoplasmic vacuoles (2%), immature neutrophils (29.8%) such as band neutrophils, hyposegmented neutrophils, and pseudo Pelger Huët-like morphology. Vacuolated/activated monocytes (4.5%) and nuclear abnormality (binucleated cells, buds) were also observed.ConclusionVEXAS syndrome is a new genetically-determined rare disease that requires a prompt treatment to avoid a rapid worsening. Glucocorticoids often represent the first line therapy and blood transfusion support is usually required; however, given the promising results derived from recently published cohorts, JAK-inhibitors, in particular selective JAK-1 (filgotinib, upadacitinib), or JAK1/2 blockers (ruxolitinib), may represent a suitable therapeutic approach.References[1]Beck DB, et al. Somatic Mutations in UBA1 and Severe Adult-Onset Autoinflammatory Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(27).[2]Heiblig M, et al. Clinical Efficacy of JAK Inhibitors in Patients with Vexas Syndrome: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Blood. 2021;138Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsSara Bindoli: None declared, Eugenia Bertoldo: None declared, Andrea Doria Speakers bureau: AstraZeneca, GSK, Ely Lilly, Chiara Baggio: None declared, Paolo Sfriso Speakers bureau: Novartis, Sobi.

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Kriner, Michelle A., Katrina van Raay, Jason W. Reeves, Kit A. Fuhrman, Andrew Klock, Alecksandr Kutchma, Erin Piazza y Joseph Beechem. "Abstract 1364: Spatially resolved T-cell receptor profiling elucidates relationships between TCR diversity, immune infiltration, and cancer-associated pathways". Cancer Research 82, n.º 12_Supplement (15 de junio de 2022): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1364.

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Abstract As T-cells mature, genes encoding T-cell receptor (TCR) segments are somatically recombined to generate a diverse repertoire of receptors specific to unique antigens. The resultant TCR diversity, and subsequent clonal expansion events, are critical in understanding the adaptive immune response to pathogens and cancers. While many methods have been developed to determine specific clonotypes and overall TCR diversity present in various tissues, these methods to date have failed to capture spatial orientation and arrangement of T-cells engaging with their microenvironment. Tracking T-cell migration and infiltration into the tumor has thus been limited to post-hoc low-plex profiling methods. To better understand T-cell localization during tumor development, we have developed a TCR profiling panel for the GeoMx® Digital Spatial Profiler that can be combined with the GeoMx Cancer Transcriptome Atlas (CTA) or Human Whole Transcriptome Atlas (WTA). This novel spatial assay enables simultaneous quantification of all functional TCR constant, variable and joining segments in situ along with transcriptome-wide gene expression profiling in spatially defined regions of a tissue. We validated the performance of the TCR probe pool in inflamed tonsil and cell pellet arrays, demonstrating comparable sensitivity and specificity relative to orthogonal methods. We next used the GeoMx TCR spike-in panel to characterize intra- and inter-patient TCR heterogeneity in a cohort of 68 T-cell lymphomas to track clonal interactions between the malignant and non-malignant immune microenvironment. We demonstrate the ability to link the spatial context of TCR segment expression to activation of malignant signaling cascades as well as non-cancerous T-cell response to the presence of other immune cells and cancer-associated signaling. Together, the combination of our TCR spike-in panel with the CTA or WTA illuminates spatial distribution of T-cell clones paving the way for studies to comprehensively link TCR clonality changes to the tumor microenvironment. FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Citation Format: Michelle A. Kriner, Katrina van Raay, Jason W. Reeves, Kit A. Fuhrman, Andrew Klock, Alecksandr Kutchma, Erin Piazza, Joseph Beechem. Spatially resolved T-cell receptor profiling elucidates relationships between TCR diversity, immune infiltration, and cancer-associated pathways [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1364.

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Ihnatov, A. O., Ye A. Koroviaka, Jamil Haddad, B. A. Tershak, T. M. Kaliuzhna y V. V. Yavorska. "Experimental and theoretical studies on the operating parameters of hydromechanical drilling". Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2022): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-1/020.

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Purpose. To analyse certain complex components of the rock breaking act during the well construction stipulated by the design features of the technical means of hydromechanical drilling and diversity of manifestations of hydraulic and physicochemical properties of the activated circulation medium. Methodology. Physicochemical parameters of the process of active substance adsorption from the water solutions on the rock surfaces were studied in terms of their disperse material by identifying optimal ratio in the solid phase particles volume of the activated solution group with the recording of time interval of the adsorption equilibrium establishment. Features of bottomhole processes in terms of the operating modernized facilities of hydromechanical drilling were considered involving up-to-date methods of analytical analysis and experimental-laboratory studies, i.e. by using certain techniques of mathematical and physical modelling, methods for processing and interpretation of the research results by means of SolidWorks, STATGRAPHICS, D, and control-and-measuring equipment and materials. Findings. The peculiarities of the combined hydromechanical drilling technique have been analysed from the viewpoint of the creation of the most efficient conditions of bottomhole rock breaking. Since a considerable degree of the development of breaking processes is the practically proved factor of hydromechanical drilling, the rationalization and intensification of those processes may be achieved by means of controlled physicochemical effect of the surface active medium. The experimental study was carried out to analyse the directedness of the development and results of surface interaction adsorption within the boundary of phase separation as the main factor of intensification of the rock mass breaking. A comparative analysis was performed concerning the surface activity of the corresponding substances that differ in their schemes of dissociation in a water solution whose properties are to be corrected additionally to make them close to the ones peculiar for natural drill muds. Positive influence of the adsorption phenomenon on the results of contact interaction of breaking elements of hydromechanical facilities was examined; this phenomenon is shown in the decelerated wear of metal surfaces. Originality. Useful influence of the physicochemical properties of the substances under consideration decreases beginning from the ionogenic anion-active sulfonol towards the ionogenic cation-active katapin K and to the non-ionogenic substance OP-10 (-10). However, in terms of combining the compositions of the mentioned substances, it can be strengthened additionally. Practical value. The indicated laboratory and experimental studies are the basic ones to design the mode parameters of the washing programme for a hydromechanical drilling well; they belong to the main output data used while substantiating the design and technical-technological parameters of the modernized pellet impact devices.

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Tessanne, K., C. Long, T. Spencer, C. Satterfield y M. Westhusin. "337 PRODUCTION OF TRANSGENIC SHEEP USING RECOMBINANT LENTIVIRUS MICROINJECTION OF IN VIVO PRODUCED EMBRYOS". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, n.º 1 (2011): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab337.

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The development of transgenic technology has enormous potential for livestock improvement. Several methods have been employed for generating transgenic livestock to date, the most popular being pronuclear injection or somatic cell nuclear transfer using genetically modified cells. However, the high cost and relatively low efficiencies seen with these methods have prompted development of alternative methods for producing transgenic livestock. Recently, the introduction of transgenes using viral vectors, in particular lentiviral vectors, has provided an avenue for increasing the efficiency of transgenic livestock production. Microinjection of concentrated lentivirus into the perivitelline space of oocytes and zygotes has been demonstrated as an effective means of creating transgenic livestock (cattle, sheep, and swine). In this study, we investigated the efficiency of producing transgenic sheep through microinjection of recombinant lentivirus into in vivo produced zygotes. Recombinant lentivirus was produced through co-transfection of HEK293T cells with various lentiviral transfer plasmids (each coding for a short hairpin RNA and a fluorescent marker protein) as well as a packaging plasmid and a plasmid encoding the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), which was used to pseudotype viral particles. For lentivirus concentration, a total of 36 mL of viral supernatant was produced per viral construct. Viral supernatant was ultracentrifuged on a 15% sucrose cushion at 4°C for 1.5 h at a speed of 50 000 × g. The resulting viral pellet was resuspended in 30 μL of PBS and virus was frozen at –80°C until needed. Zygotes were surgically flushed from oviducts of superovulated donor ewes 24 h post-mating. Concentrated recombinant lentivirus (titer ≥ IU mL–1) was then microinjected into the perivitelline space. Injected embryos were surgically transferred into the oviduct of synchronized recipient ewes immediately after injection (3–4 embryos per ewe). Pregnancies were confirmed by ultrasound at 35 days of gestation. The pregnancy rate was 39% (45/114 ewes exhibiting at least one viable fetus). A subset of pregnant ewes was killed at 60 to 70 days gestation to harvest a total of 36 fetuses. Analysis of transgene incorporation was performed by PCR using genomic DNA isolated from skin and liver tissue samples. Two independent PCR reactions were performed per sample, and PCR analysis revealed 14 of the collected fetuses to be transgenic (39%). The remaining pregnancies were allowed to progress to term, and 32 lambs were born. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples collected on each lamb, and PCR analysis was performed as above. Of the lambs born, 13 of 32 (40%) were confirmed to be transgenic by PCR analysis. Southern blot analysis is currently underway to confirm PCR data. These results demonstrate that microinjection of recombinant lentivirus into in vivo produced sheep zygotes is an effective and efficient method for generating transgenic sheep.

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Kutsch, Tobias, Christian Sedlmeier, Robin Schuster y Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "From Powder to Sheets – a Comparative Study for Solution-Cast Solid Electrolyte/Binder-Sheets As Separators in All-Solid-State Batteries". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n.º 2 (7 de julio de 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012161mtgabs.

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Sulfidic all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are considered as one of the next-generation energy storage systems.[1,2] Most of the previous research studies have investigated ASSBs that are based on a pellet-type separators, i.e., a highly compressed solid electrolyte (SE) powder, with thicknesses of several hundreds of microns.[3] However, their applicability is limited to small electrode area single-layer lab-scale cells, as large-format cells would require separator pellets with a large area that are difficult to produce. Furthermore, in order to be competitive or superior to state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries based on liquid electrolytes, the thickness of the solid electrolyte separator in ASSBs should be less than 100 μm.[4] Consequently, a key for the industrialization of large-format and high energy density ASSBs is the development of sheet-type cell components. Up to date, only a few publications focus on sheet-type SE separators, investigating appropriate solvents and binders for wet-processed SE/binder composites.[4-7] In the present study, we report on the preparation of composite sheet-type separators for ASSBs by a slurry-based process, investigating three different sulfidic solid electrolyte systems (Li6PS5Cl, Li7P3S11 and Li10SnP2S12) in combination with different volume fractions of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR, φHNBR = 1.7 – 16.0 vol.-%) binder. By means of the analysis of top-view and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the prepared sheet-type separators, combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), we characterize the influence of the slurry-coating process conditions as well as of the binder volume fraction on their morphology. Densification of the obtained separator sheets is easily possible by uniaxial compression at room temperature, resulting in residual pore volume fractions of ≈ 3 – 12 %, depending on the respective solid electrolyte. While increasing fabrication pressures lead to a reduction of void volume and an increasing contacting between the solid electrolyte particles, very high fabrication pressures (> 200 MPa) lead to a fusing of the SE particles and to nearly pore-free separator sheets. Besides the micromorphology and porosity of the SE/HNBR separator sheets, we investigate the dependence of binder content and processing conditions on their ionic conductivity by means of potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) measurements that are performed using a novel, in-house designed cell setup. As one would expect, the Li+-ion conductivity of the SE/HNBR separator sheets decreases with increasing binder volume fraction (see Figure 1a). Interestingly, however, the relationship between Li+-ion conductivity and binder volume fraction (φ HNBR) is essentially identical for the three different sulfidic electrolytes that are examined in our study (see Figure 1b). To obtain mechanically stable and free-standing SE/HNBR separator sheets, an HNBR volume fraction of approximately 8 vol.-% is required for all three SEs, yielding in a separator sheet conductivity of ≈ 0.5 mS/cm at 70 MPa, which is ≈ 3-fold lower than that of the pure, binder-free SE powder conductivity measured at the same conditions. Nevertheless, by considering the currently achievable thicknesses of these solution-cast separator sheets of ≈ 50 µm, their overall areal resistance (in unit of Ω·cm2) is equal or even lower than that of the typically substantially thicker pellet-type separators, so that these separator-sheets can be used for the assembly of large-format cells with competitive separator resistances. [1] J. Janek and W. G. Zeier, Nature Energy, 1, 16141 (2016). [2] W. Zhang, D. A. Weber, H. Weigand, T. Arlt, I. Manke, D. Schroder, R. Koerver, T. Leichtweiss, P. Hartmann, W. G. Zeier and J. Janek, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 9, 17835 (2017). [3] M. R. Busche, D. A. Weber, Y. Schneider, C. Dietrich, S. Wenzel, T. Leichtweiss, D. Schröder, W. Zhang, H. Weigand, D. Walter, S. J. Sedlmaier, D. Houtarde, L. F. Nazar and J. Janek, Chemistry of Materials, 28, 6152 (2016). [4] N. Riphaus, P. Strobl, B. Stiaszny, T. Zinkevich, M. Yavuz, J. Schnell, S. Indris, H. A. Gasteiger and S. J. Sedlmaier, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 165, A3993 (2018). [5] K. Lee, S. Kim, J. Park, S. H. Park, A. Coskun, D. S. Jung, W. Cho and J. W. Choi, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164, A2075 (2017). [6] A. Sakuda, K. Kuratani, M. Yamamoto, M. Takahashi, T. Takeuchi and H. Kobayashi, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164, A2474 (2017). [7] F. Shen, M. B. Dixit, W. Zaman, N. Hortance, B. Rogers and K. B. Hatzell, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 166, A3182 (2019). Acknowledgements: This work was carried out as part of the research project “Industrialisierbarkeit Festkörperelektrolyte”, funded by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy. This work was also supported by the BMW Group. Figure 1

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Tripaydonis, Anne, Lauren Craig, Louise E. Ludlow, Michael Cheung, Francoise Mechinaud, David Ritchie, David Elliot y Rachel Conyers. "Building a Targeted Approach to Assess Risk of Anthracycline Induced Cardiomyopathy Amongst Paediatric Cancer Patients". Blood 128, n.º 22 (2 de diciembre de 2016): 5280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5280.5280.

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Abstract Introduction Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of over 70% of childhood and adolescent malignancies and their use has significantly improved cancer survival rates (Lipshultz, Alvarez et al. 2008). However, a major side effect of this drug class is the potential to develop subclinical, irreversible and fatal cardiomyopathy with the risk of sudden cardiac death. Despite the high incidence of cardiotoxicity in paediatric and adolescent cancer survivors as well as the emerging evidence that alteration in the genes that control drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) may be predictive of a patient's sensitivity to this complication, there are no current standard approaches to identify the 'at risk' group (Visscher, Amstutz et al. 2011). Consequently, there is no way to tailor therapy according to a patient's individual risk. This study aims to create a functional assay that will assess patient sensitivity to anthracyclines using a cohort of paediatric cancer survivors, with and without, evidence of anthracycline cardiotoxicity (ACT). A novel, exciting approach will be used through the creation of patient specific cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Through the exposure of iPSC derived cardiomyocytes to anthracyclines, a series of functional assays will be performed to help determine the patient's sensitivity to this drug toxicity. The cardiomyocytes in both cases and controls will be assessed for variations in the genes involved in drug ADME. The genetic analysis will help to validate the results of our collaborators at the British Columbia (BC) Children's Hospital (Vancouver) and the Canada Pharmacogenomic Network for Drug Sensitivity (CPNDS). Methods: An audit of paediatric patients diagnosed across two tertiary institutes between 2000-2015 was performed. From this patients were deemed to be either cases (no evidence of cardiac damage) or controls (evidence of cardiac damage). The degree of cardiac damage was defined as severe (ejection fraction < 24 %), intermediate (ejection fraction 24 - 27 % or a decline of > 10 % ejection fraction from baseline). Patients were then enrolled to the study upon routine presentation to clinic. Upon enrolment peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected for DNA/RNA storage and a cell pellet was cryopreserved for iPSC development. Following storage, the aims of the project are to 1) Establish a biobank from anthracycline treated childhood cancer survivors, including both sensitive and resistant patients (cases and controls). 2) To confirm the capacity of patient iPSC derived cardiomyocytes to predict ACT and to explore the mechanistic basis and functional responses of human cardiomyocytes to anthracyclines. 3) To perform detailed genomic profiling of the cohort and assess if genetic variation in ADME genes is predictive of ACT in the Australian paediatric population. 4) To document the diastolic changes evident on echocardiography and correlate these findings with long-term anthracycline cardiotoxicity in all enrolled patients. Results: To date 56 cases and 199 controls have enrolled onto the study and had their blood processed accordingly. The median age of the cases is 11.5 years and controls 8.0 years. Of the 56 cases, 52 % (n = 29) are female and 48 % (n = 27) are male. The predominant anthracycline exposure in the cases was doxorubicin alone (47.3 %), daunorubicin and doxorubicin (29.1 %) and daunorubicin alone (14.1 %). Overall 63 % of cases and controls had a diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic leukaemia. The median anthracycline dose exposure in the cases was 172 mg/m2 (range 22 - 438) versus 96 mg/m2 (range 18 - 389) in the controls. To date we have successfully been able to derive cardiomyocytes from 8 cases and 8 controls and have begun a range of viability assays to assess susceptibility to anthracycline exposure. Conclusions: We hope over the next 12 months to complete whole exome sequencing and microarray SNP analysis to further characterise the genetic basis of anthracycline cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, using human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes as a functional platform we hope to further characterise the molecular basis of the disease and create a novel functional assay to stratify patients according to their risk of anthracycline induced cardiomyopathy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Gaines, Peter, Deepali Gotur, Stephanie Halene, Ada L. Olins y Donald E. Olins. "Dynamic Expression of the Lamin B Receptor and Associated Proteins during Myeloid Differentiation: Insight into Mechanisms of Neutrophil Vs. Macrophage Morphogenesis". Blood 112, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2008): 3546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3546.3546.

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Abstract Neutrophils and macrophages are professional phagocytes that are essential to the immune response and that have developmental and functional similarities. They derive from a common myeloid progenitor and require common transcription factors for their differentiation, such as PU.1 and the CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins C/EBPα and C/EBPε. However, the morphologic maturation of these two lineages is distinct; neutrophil progenitors undergo a progressive series of nuclear changes that culminate in the formation of lobulated nuclei, whereas macrophage progenitors first form circulating monocytes that contain indented nuclei, and then form mature tissue macrophages that contain small, spherical nuclei. To date, little is known regarding the mechanism that regulates nuclear morphogenesis of either lineage. In recent efforts to further understand neutrophil differentiation, we and others have demonstrated that nuclear lobulation in both human and mouse neutrophils is dependent on lamin B receptor (LBR) expression. LBR is an integral membrane protein of the inner nuclear envelope that interacts with B-type lamins and heterochromatin. We have shown that LBR expression is significantly upregulated during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced neutrophil differentiation of murine hematopoietic progenitor EML/EPRO cells, which parallels changes in LBR expression exhibited by ATRA-induced human leukemic HL-60 cells. Both models show decreased expression of lamin A/C during neutrophil maturation, whereas lamin B expression remains constant. Importantly, loss of LBR protein expression causes hypolobulation of neutrophil nuclei that is characteristic of the Pelger-Huët anomaly in both mice and humans. These studies support the notion that dynamic changes in the expression of LBR and perhaps lamin A/C play critical roles in neutrophil nuclear maturation. Studies that examine macrophage nuclear maturation, however, have been limited to those performed on HL-60 cells, which showed that LBR expression increased during phorbol ester (TPA) induction. We have now examined the expression of LBR in two additional stem cell factor (SCF)-dependent murine myeloid cell lines that can be induced toward mature neutrophils, pBIM and SCF ER-Hoxb8, as well as in a GM-CSF-dependent ER-Hoxb8 cell line that differentiates into mature macrophages. The pBIM cell line was generated by insertional mutagenesis of mouse marrow cells with the empty pBabe-puro vector. The ER-Hoxb8 cell lines were generated from mouse marrow that was transduced with an estrogen-regulated Hoxb8, which arrests myeloid differentiation. Similar to our findings in EML/EPRO cells, Lbr transcription was upregulated in pBIM cells upon G-CSF-induced neutrophil differentiation, and LBR protein levels significantly increased in SCF ER-Hoxb8 cells upon estrogen withdrawal. By comparison, Lbr transcription dramatically increased during the initial stages of macrophage differentiation of GM-CSF ER-Hoxb8 progenitors, but then decreased in mature macrophages. Initial increases in Lbr transcription during both neutrophil and macrophage differentiation paralleled upregulated expression of both PU.1 and C/EBPε. We also detected increased expression of Lbr in pBIM cells that were generated from a C/EBPε-knockout mouse. This result was surprising given that very recent studies have demonstrated that C/EBPε can directly activate the Lbr promoter. Finally, lamin A/C expression increased during macrophage differentiation of GM-SCF ER-Hoxb8 cells, but was minimally detected in uninduced or differentiated SCF ER-Hoxb8 cells. Together our data indicate that changes in the expression of LBR and lamin A/C play important roles during the maturation of both granulocyte and macrophage lineages, and that PU.1 and/or C/EBPε drive these changes in expression. However, our analyses of C/EBPε-knockout cells indicate that LBR transcription is not absolutely dependent on C/EBPε expression. Current studies to identify the expression and interplay of nuclear envelope proteins during neutrophil and macrophage differentiation that employ these cell line models as well as primary marrow progenitors will further define the mechanisms that regulate morphologic maturation of two important phagocytes.

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Ahmed, Kinza, Joanne Crook, Alison Tennant, Penny North-Lewis, Tayebah Abbasi, Carla Lloyd, Maxine Brown y Deirdre Kelly. "P05 Treating children with HCV close to home through a virtual national multidisciplinary network". Archives of Disease in Childhood 108, n.º 5 (19 de abril de 2023): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2023-nppg.5.

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AimHepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a major global health problem. Direct Acting Anti-viral therapy (DAA) has cure rates of 99% in adults and adolescents.1DAAs were licensed for children 3 – 12 years during the recent coronavirus pandemic. In order to ensure equitable access and a safe, effective and convenient supply of these medications during lockdown, we established a virtual national treatment pathway for children with HCV in England and evaluated its feasibility, efficacy and treatment outcomes.MethodA paediatric Multidisciplinary Team Operational Delivery Network (pMDT ODN), supported by NHS England (NHSE), was established with relevant paediatric specialists, including pharmacists, to provide a single point of contact for referrals and information. Referral, treatment protocols and family friendly patient information were developed for all HCV therapy. On referral the pMDT ODN discussed and agreed the most appropriate DAA therapy based on clinical presentation and patient preferences, including ability to swallow tablets. Treatment was then prescribed and supplied in association with the local paediatrician and pharmacist, without the need for families to travel to national centres. All children were eligible for NHS funded therapy, each referring centre was approved by the pMDT ODN, prior to approval to dispense medication and funds were reclaimed via Blueteq authorisation. Demographic, clinical and social data was collected, and treatment outcomes were recorded. Feedback on feasibility and satisfaction on the pathway and supply of medication was sought from referrers.Results34 children were referred during the first six months; median (range) age 10 (3.9 – 14.5) years; 15M; 19F: Majority of referrals are HCV genotype type 1 (n=17) and 2 (n=12). DAA treatments prescribed: Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir (n=21); Sofosbuvir/Velpatisvir (n=11) Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir (n=2).27/34 confirmed as able to swallow tablets; 3/7 have received training and are now able to successfully swallow tablets; 4/7 are awaiting release of granules. All children who have completed treatment to date (11/27) have cleared virus at the end of treatment. Once the network was established, referrers found the virtual process easy to access. They valued being able to discuss their patients with the MDT providing a single point of contact with national specialists to discuss therapy. Specialist pharmacists within the pMDT were able to provide pharmaceutical information and support local Trusts to ensure safe, timely and funded supply of medication to children. There were three reported dispensing errors, where adult strength tablets were dispensed in error locally, however no doses were taken as parents noticed the error prior to giving a dose. A delay in availability of the granule or pellet formulations due to manufacturing delays during COVID, has meant a delay in referring and treating those children unable to swallow tablets.ConclusionPharmacists were a valuable resource within the National HCV Paediatric MDT Operational Delivery Network. They contributed expert knowledge on formulations and doses, supporting delivery of high-quality treatment and equity of access for children and young people with HCV in England. Education and awareness of new Paediatric formulations for local Pharmacy teams may prevent future dispensing errors.ReferenceNHS News 2021. Life saving hepatitis C treatment for children on the NHS. 24th August 2021. Available at: NHS England » Lifesaving hepatitis C treatment for children on the NHS [accessed 12th June 2022].

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Sandahl, Julie Damgaard, Eva A. Coenen, Erik Forestier, Jochen Harbott, Bertil Johansson, Gitte Kerndrup, Souichi Adachi et al. "Translocation t(6;9)(p22;q34)/DEK-NUP214 rearranged Pediatric AML: A Retrospective International Study". Blood 120, n.º 21 (16 de noviembre de 2012): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.538.538.

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Abstract Abstract 538 The cytogenetic subgroup t(6;9)(p22;q34), previously often reported as a breakpoint in 6p23, is defined as a distinct entity in the 2008 WHO classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The translocation results in a chimeric fusion between DEK at 6p22.3 and NUP214 at 9q34.13 generating the DEK-NUP214 fusion gene. In adults, t(6;9) is associated with young age, very poor outcome, and a higher prevalence of FLT3-ITD than in any other type of AML. To date, the clinical impact of t(6;9) has not been independently described in a pediatric cohort. In this retrospective study, we aimed to characterize the clinical, genetic and morphological features of t(6;9) in childhood AML and to evaluate outcome. Children aged 0–18 years and diagnosed with t(6;9)-positive AML or MDS within the period January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2011 were included. The presence of the translocation was determined by conventional karyotyping, FISH, or RT-PCR. Patients with Down syndrome and therapy-related AML were excluded. All major pediatric AML study groups were invited to submit clinical data. In addition, diagnostic smears and biopsies were requested for central reviewing and viable cells or RNA for gene expression profiling (GEP). All karyotypes were centrally reviewed and described according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. GEP was performed on available frozen diagnostic samples from 297 pediatric AML patients including 6 patients with t(6;9). Based on p-value, log-fold change and biological relevance, the following 4 genes were selected for validation by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR); eyes absent homolog 3 at 1p35.3 (EYA3), sestrin 1 at 6q21(SESN1), PR domain containing 2, with ZNF domain at 1p36.21 (PRDM2, also known as RIZ1), and histone cluster 2, H4a at 1q21.2 (HIST2H4). Validation was performed on 48 patient samples: t(6;9) (n=17), other pediatric AML (n=31) and 14 cell lines including one with t(6;9)(p22;q34). A total of 58 pediatric patients with a DEK-NUP214 t(6;9) myeloid malignancy from 24 study groups were included in the study: 50 were diagnosed as de novo AML (0.5% of all AML during the study period) and 8 as MDS. Patients with t(6;9) were characterized by a late onset as well as male preponderance; median age was 11 years (range 3–18 years) and the male:female ratio 39:19 (p<0.01). The median white blood cell count (WBC) was 15.6×109/L (range 0.2–191). Bilinear dysplasia with pseudo-Pelger-Huët cells was commonly seen (92% of reviewed evaluable material), and Auer rods were reported in 10 patients, whereas basophilia, in contrast to adults, was absent in this pediatric cohort. FAB-M2 dominated (45%), followed by M4 in 24%. The t(6;9) was the sole cytogenetic abnormality in 81%. Trisomies 8 and 13 constituted 40% of the additional aberrations, either alone or together. FLT3-ITD was present in 44% (n=11) of the cohort with known FLT3 status. The 5-year OS for AML and MDS was 55% and 86%, 5-year EFS was 33% and 56%, respectively. Presence of FLT3-ITD had a non-significant negative effect on OS: 32% for FLT3-ITD-positive cases vs. 67% for FLT3-ITD-negative cases, (p=0.15). The 5-year OS for patients treated with stem cell transplant (SCT) in 1st complete remission (CR) or with refractory disease (RD) was 82% (n=20) vs. 56% with chemotherapy (n=30), (p=0.10). Children who died within 3 months from diagnosis were excluded from the analysis of SCT vs. chemotherapy. The GEP performed on 6 pediatric t(6;9) positive patients showed a unique signature with 180 significantly differentially expressed genes. High expression of EYA3, SESN1, PRDM2/RIZ1 and HIST2H4, was confirmed by RT q-PCR. The levels of expression were significantly elevated for all 4 genes in the t(6;9)-positive cases compared with other AML subtypes. In conclusion, we present a large international series of 58 children with DEK-NUP214/ t(6;9)(p22;q34)-positive myeloid leukemia, representing 0.5% of all childhood AML. The cases were characterized by late onset, male predominance, myelodysplasia, and a unique gene expression signature. The 5-year OS was intermediate and substantially better than reported in adults. SCT in 1st CR or in RD did non-significantly improve the OS compared with conventional chemotherapy alone. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Paderi, Francesca, Chiara Frasson, Sabrina Gelain, Giuseppe Basso y Geertruy Kronnie. "Specific Circulating Microvesicles (cMVs) Populations in Paediatric ALL". Blood 118, n.º 21 (18 de noviembre de 2011): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.933.933.

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Abstract Abstract 933 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) genesis, development and maintenance, has been shown to involve a number of aspects. On the one hand along the line of the somatic mutation theory of cancer there are accumulating genetic aberration, on the other hand there are cytokines and growth factors that contribute to initiate and maintain the disease. The bone marrow microenvironment plays an important role in regulating the hematopoietic stem cell niche modulating normal haematopoiesis but also affecting leukaemogenic transformation. In the bone marrow microenvironment leukaemia cells receive signals that protect them and promote their survival or proliferation. Horizontal transfer of cellular signals mediated by circulating microvesicles (cMVs) is an emerging mechanism of cell to cell interaction, also in the haematopoietic stem cell niche. These small plasma bodies can be isolated from peripheral blood and are characterised by varying sizes (exosomes of 50 –100 nm diameter and microparticles of 100–1000 nm), and MVs have been shown to transfer cellular messages from donor to target cells where they can modulate protein synthesis. In this study we investigated MVs that were recovered from peripheral blood (PB) and the type of signal that could be transferred by MVs in paediatric ALL. Initially we characterised MVs isolated from the supernatant of three cell lines (ALL MHH CALL4, LAM ME-1, osteosarcoma MG-63). We then isolated MVs from plasma of 28 ALL patients at diagnosis before the onset of treatment and of 5 control samples. Plasma free of platelets obtained from peripheral blood (in EDTA) was subjected to a centrifugation step (16000 g, at 4°C for 1 hour). After recovery of the pellet MVs were stained by cytoplasmic dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and by monoclonal antibodies specific for CD markers of patients leukaemia blasts and cell lines. MVs were analysed by flow cytometry to investigate at cMVs surface antigen marker expression and physical parameters. We focused our analysis on a particle population of 150–400 nm in diameter. MVs from cell lines showed surface antigen specific for the respective cell lineage and were shown to contain mRNA transcripts. Unexpectedly in most cases MVs isolated from patients did not show leukaemia cell surface antigens but were found to contain mRNA. MVs' RNA was extracted from 27 patients and from 4 controls by Trizol, according to manufacturer instructions. Standard RT-PCR was performed to detect osteoclast and osteoblast markers as RANK, RANKL and TNFα. The presence at different extent of RANK/RANKL/TNFα within cMVs from patients and in none of control samples suggests that this pathway, mainly involved in bone remodelling, is contributing to signalling between the hematopoietic niche and the bone marrow microenvironment in leukaemia samples. Other reports have demonstrated that osteoclasts can induce the mobilization of haematopoietic progenitor cells under stress conditions. The role of the RANK/RANKL/TNFα messengers carried by PB derived MVs in ALL patients and how these might affect leukaemia progression and maintenance needs to be further explored. Moreover we found that some of the MVs isolated from patients known to carry specific translocations at blast cell levels e.g t(12:21) and t(1:19), presented the same genetic aberration at MVs mRNA transcripts. MVs from one of the above patients (t(12:21)positive at blasts) were also positive for blast cells surface antigen (CD19), as seen by flow cytometry. For the other patient (t(1:19)) we did not perform parallel flow cytometry analysis due to lack of material. These preliminary observations suggest that peripheral blood plasma contains MV populations with different features and functions contributing to transfer of messages to distal cells. In conclusion this is the first study on cMV populations in paediatric ALL patients and our date seem to underscore a role for the bone microenvironment including cMVs in this disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Simanjuntak, Ricky Febrinaldy, Ira Maya Abdiani, Perdiansyah Perdiansyah y Riska Purnama Sari. "Bioenrichment of Papaya Leaf Meal With Different Feed Formulations on Growth Performance of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)". Jurnal Biodjati 7, n.º 1 (30 de mayo de 2022): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v7i1.17023.

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The production and demand of tilapia (O. niloticus) in some countries continue to increase but are not matched by good growth quality. Several methods have been used to increase growth, such as the use of synthetic hormones and radiation, however, the methods require such a high cost. Thus it needs to be investigated the potential replacement with natural prooduct. Papaya leaf contains papain enzyme thought to be able to improve the growth performance of fish body weight through the conversion of proteins into amino acids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth performance of tilapia (O. niloticus) fish that were given papaya meal (C. papaya) treatments. The concentrations pellet with papaya meal respectively T1(feed with 0 grams of papaya leaf meal), T2 (administration of papaya leaf meal with 1.25 g/kg feed), T3 (administration of papaya leaf meal with 1.75 g/kg feed), T4 (administration of papaya leaf meal with 2 g/kg feed), T5 (administration of papaya leaf meal with 2.25 g/kg feed). Parameters analyzed included: absolute length growth, absolute weight, specific growth rate, FCR survival rate and, water quality. The results showed that the highest weight growth of tilapia fed with the administration of papaya leaf meal was found at T4 of 21.23 grams. In the specific weight, the optimal treatment was found in T4 with a percentage of 20.97%. In the length growth of tilapia, it was known that the T1, T4 and T5 had highest lengths when compared to other treatments and the highest survival rate of tilapia (O. niloticus) was in the T2, T3, T5 treatments of 73%. The optimal FCR value was found in the T4 treatment of 1.14. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the administration of papaya leaf flour can increase the growth performance of tilapia.Al-Nemrawi, N. K., Alsharif, S. S. M. & Dave, R. H. (2018). Preparation of Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticles: The Influence of Chitosan Polymeric Properties and Formulation Variables. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 10(5), 60–65. Awaludin., Simanjuntak, R. F. & Jumsan. (2020). Modifikasi Pakan Buatan untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon). Majalah Ilmiah Biosfera, 37 (3). 168-174Amri, K. & Khairuman. (2003). Membuat Pakan Ikan Konsumsi. Agromedia Pustaka. Tangerang.Boyd, C. E. (1982). Water Quality Management for Pond Fish Culture. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.De Silva, S. S. & Anderson, T. A. (1995). Fish Nutrition In Aquaculture. Aquaculture Series 1. London, Chapman and Hall. Dongoran, D. S. (2004). Pengaruh Activator Sistein dan Natrium Klorida Terhadap Aktivitas Papain. Jurnal Sains Kimia, 8 (1). 26-28Effendi, M. I. (2002). Biologi Perikanan. Cetakan Kedua. Yayasan Pustaka Nusantara, Yogyakarta:Effendi, M. I. (2003). Telaah Kualitas Air. Kanisius: Yogyakarta. 'Haetami, K., Junianto. & Andriani, Y. (2005). Tingkat Penggunaan Gulma Air Azolla pinnata dalam Ransum Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Konversi Pakan Ikan Bawal Air Tawar. Laporan Penelitian. Universitas Padjadjaran, JatinangorHandajani, H. & W. Widodo. (2010). Nutrisi Ikan. Malang: UMM Press. Irawati, D., Rachmawati, D. & Pinandoyo. (2015). Performa Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Nila Hitam (Oreochromis niloticus bleeker) Melalui Penambahan Enzim Papain dalam Pakan Buatan. Journal of Aquaculture Management Technology, 4 (1). 1-9.Isnawati, N., Sidik, R. & Mahasri, G. (2015). Potensi Serbuk Daun Pepaya untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan, Rasio Efisiensi Protein Dan Laju Pertumbuhan Pada Budidaya Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 7(2).Mareta, E. R., Subandiyono, & Hastuti, S. (2016). Pengaruh Enzim Papain dan Probiotik dalam Pakan Terhadap Tingkat Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy). Jurnal Sains Akuakultur Tropis, 1 (1):21-30.Murjani, A. (2011). Budidaya Beberapa Varietas Ikan Sepat Rawa (Trichogaster Trichopterus Pall) Dengan Pemberian Pakan Komersial. Jurnal Fish Scientiae, 1 (2): 214-133.Prakoso, T. (2014). Pengaruh Suhu yang Berbeda Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy lac) didalam Akuarium. Skripsi. Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Antakusuma. Riyanti. A., Susanto. A. & Sukarti, K. (2014). Penambahan Tepung Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya). Dalam Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Efesiensi Pakan Pada Ikan Nila Gift (Oreochromis sp) Ukuran 3-5 cm. Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Tropis, 30 (1). 60-67Robinette, H. R. (1976). Effect of Sublethal of Ammonia on the Growth of Channel Catfish (Ictalarus punctatus R). Frog. Journal Fish Culture, 38 (1). 26-29Rukisah., Simanjuntak, R. F. & Anugrah, W. (2021). Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Buatan dari Kombinasi Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) dan Tepung Daun Pepaya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila. Jurnal Harpodon Borneo, 14 (1). 39-46Rukmana, H. R. (1997). Ikan Nila Budidaya dan Prospek Agribisnis. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.Sagita, F., Rachmawati, D. & Suminto. (2017). Pengaruh Penambahan Enzim Papain Pada Pakan Komersial Terhadap Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan, Laju Pertumbuhan,Kelulushidupan Ikan Sidat (Anguilla bicolor). Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology, 6(4). 77-84.Salsabila, M. & Suprapto, H. (2018). Teknik Pembesaran Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Instalasi Budidaya Air Tawar Pandaan, Jawa Timus. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 7(3). 118-123Simanjuntak, R. F., Abdiani, I. M. & Verawati. (2018). Bioenrichment Tepung Pepaya (Carica Papaya) dengan Formulasi Pakan yang Berbeda pada Performa Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Harpodon Borneo, 11 (2). 59-68.Simanjuntak, R. F. & Ridwansyah. (2020). Membangung Keterampilan Mahasiswa Perbatasan Kaltara Melalui teknologi dan Manajemen Pembuatan Pakan Ikan Pada Masa Pancemi dan Pasca Covid-19. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Borneo, 4 (2). 143-150SNI 7550.2009. (2009). Produksi Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus Bleeker) Kelas Pembesaran di Kolam Air Tenang. Badan Standardisasi nasional. JakartaSulasi, S., Hastuti, S. & Subandiyono, S. (2018). Pengaruh Enzim Papain dan Probiotik pada Pakan Buatan terhadap Pemanfaatan Protein Pakan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Mas (Cyprinus Carpio). Sains Akuakultur Tropis : Indonesian Journal of Tropical Aquaculture, 2 ()1, Zonneveld, N., Huisman E. A. & Boon, J. H. (1991). Prinsip-Prinsip Budidaya Ikan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

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Sari, Yolanda Mega y Dewi Purnama Sari. "Madness of Main Character, David In Dave Pelzer's Trilogy : A Child Called It, The Lost Boy, and A Man Named Dave". KREDO : Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra 3, n.º 1 (11 de noviembre de 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/kredo.v3i1.3876.

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This thesis titled madness of main character, David in Dave Pelzer’s trilogy : A Child Called It, The Lost Boy, and A Man Named Dave. In this thesis, the researcher wanted to find out the indicators of madness experienced by David and the effects of madness in David’s character through himself in A Child Called It, The Lost Boy, and A Man Named Dave trilogy. The data was collected from A Child Called It, The Lost Boy, and A Man Named Dave trilogy by Dave Pelzer. Then, The data of this study were analyzed based on madness theory by Michel Foucault. The data had been taken from some sentences and paragraphs from the trilogy. The study design was the descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study indicated that there were three indicators of madness experienced by David through the trilogy, which were the existence of the elite, asylum and punishment. Mental and physical punishments were the effects of madness in David’s character through himself in the trilogy.

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49

Luthfiani, Dini. "The Use of Command Strategies by Dave’s Mother in A Novel Entitled "A Child Called ‘It’"". Lexicon 3, n.º 2 (25 de diciembre de 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v3i2.42111.

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This research attempts to identify the types of commands, forms of command, and three levels of meaning of commands used by Dave’s mother in a novel entitled: A Child Called ‘It’.The data of this research are the commands made by Dave’s mother in the novel entitled:A Child Called ‘It’ written by Dave Pelzer. The findings show that there are two types of command found in the novel which are direct and indirect command. Direct command is the most dominant type used by Dave’s mother. Furthermore, it is found that there are three levels of meaning found in the commands uttered by Dave’s mother; abstract meaning, contextual meaning, and force.

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50

P, Kavya Shree. "‘GROWING UP’ WITH TRAUMA: CHILD ABUSE AND MENTAL ILLNESS IN DAVE PELZER’S MEMOIRS". ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 3, n.º 2SE (4 de marzo de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v3.i2se.2022.249.

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Child abuse is prevalent throughout the world in various forms. Physical abuse, the most common form, has been taken into focus for this research paper. However, open discussions of child abuse are often silenced, especially when the abuser is the child’s parent. ‘Abuse’ by parents is usually considered a way of disciplining the child. Abuse at an early stage leads to various mental illness as children grow into adults.In most cases of child abuse, the victim transforms into an abuser. Factors like suppressed emotions, familiar environments, and lack of companionship push them to extremism and violent action. These individuals are called maladaptive individuals, and the victim-to-victimizer paradigm explains the process of maladaptiveness. On the other hand, some people break the cycle of violence, leaving behind the horrific past of pain and suffering. They thereby transform into adaptive individuals.In this context, the paper reads the novels A Child Called ‘It’, The Lost Boy, and A Man Named Dave, collected into one memoir, My Story, by Dave Pelzer. My Story surveys the author’s life who was physically and emotionally abused as a child by his mentally deranged alcoholic mother. After crossing several hurdles, Dave becomes a successful man inspiring million worldwide.The novels can also be read as Bildungsroman and Künstlerroman, as the author is growing to maturity in dealing with and writing about trauma. In the process, Dave overcomes trauma and establishes himself as a successful person and an artist. He ‘grows up’ as a child abuse victim; however, he grows out of it by accepting his past and looking forward to what the future holds for him.

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