Artículos de revistas: "Dams"

1

Mustafa, Mustafa SirElkhatim. "تقيم الوضع الراهن لجودة مياه مدينة بورتسودان (المصدر خور أربعات)". FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 8, n.º 2 (18 de abril de 2020): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v8i2.63.

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Port Sudan is the main port and largest commercial centre of the Sudan located in semi-arid region. Population estimate in 2010 was about 926,000 inhabitants and the water demand estimated was about 120000-150000 m3/day. Water production from Khor Arbaat is 60,000 m3/day in good years; however, it may go down to 30,000 m3/day in bad years. In general, the overall situation of the city is characterized by regular shortages. There are three dams (U/G Dam1, SPC Dam2, FR Dam3) structured on Khor Arbaat for water harvesting (2005,2000,1992), siltation represents the greatest problem to these Dams, accordingly their capacities storage is decreases. Their storage capacities are 16*106, 5*106, and 6*106 m3 respectively, therefore the small capacities of these dams lead to inflation silt in a limited period of time. In the same way the Sea Port Corporation (Dam 2) in the year 2012 was removed by the armed forces of the corps as a result of inflation silting and thickness of silting to 6 meters. Water from Khor Arbaat gets into the transfer system without any treatment. The study is carried out to assess and evaluate the quality of surface and ground water resources in the Khor Arbaat zone. Field works included three visits to the study area, on January 2018, February 2018, and on March 2018. Sixteen typical water samples collected from different locations within Khor Arbaat and the city network were analyzed for physical and chemical water quality parameters. GIS Arc. Map and Kriging method are used to study the characteristics of water depend on coordinates and samples results.

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2

Eisma, Jessica A. y Venkatesh M. Merwade. "Investigating the environmental response to water harvesting structures: a field study in Tanzania". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, n.º 4 (16 de abril de 2020): 1891–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1891-2020.

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Abstract. Sand dams, a popular water harvesting structure employed by rural communities, capture and store water for use during the dry season in arid and semi-arid regions. Most sand dam research has been performed on the “ideal” sand dam, despite approximately 50 % of sand dams not functioning as intended. This research involves a 1-year long, in-depth field study of three sand dams in Tanzania, one of which is essentially non-functioning. The study investigated a sand dam's impact on macroinvertebrate habitat, vegetation, and streambank erosion and explored a sand dam's water loss mechanisms. Surveys of macroinvertebrate assemblage were performed each season. Vegetation surveys were performed every other month, and erosion was recorded semi-monthly. Water table monitoring wells were installed at each sand dam, and measurements were taken twice a day. The study found that sand dams are too homogeneous to provide the sustenance and refugia macroinvertebrates need at different life stages. The non-functioning sand dam has a thick layer of silt preventing infiltration of rainwater. The functioning sand dams store a significant amount of water, but most is lost to evapotranspiration within a few months of the last rainfall. Unlike the non-functioning sand dam, the functioning sand dams have a positive impact on local vegetation and minimal impact on erosion. Sand dams can increase the water security of a community, but site characteristics and construction methods must be strongly considered to maximize the sand dam's positive impact.

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3

Milliman, John D. "Blessed dams or damned dams?" Nature 386, n.º 6623 (marzo de 1997): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/386325a0.

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4

Seed, Raymond B., Umesh Dayal, P. L. Narula, R. E. S. Moss, Leslie F. Harder, Uday Patil, Jean-Pierre Bardet et al. "Dams". Earthquake Spectra 18, n.º 1_suppl (julio de 2002): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2803910.

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5

Duflo, E. y R. Pande. "Dams". Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2007): 601–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qjec.122.2.601.

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6

Hussein, Mohammed Noori, Ahmed Alkadhimi, Wisam Abdullah Najim y Hashim A. Almousawi. "Shaking Table Experiment on Seismic Performance of a Scaled-Down Arch Dam with Initial Crack". International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 16, n.º 6 (21 de diciembre de 2021): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.160610.

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Seismic responses of cracked scaled-down arch dams were investigated by experiment on a shaking table. Two different curvature models (M1 and M2) were cast by using a plan concrete. Dams properties, including materials and dimensions, were carefully simulated. A significant earthquake magnitude with (7.7M) and water pressure were applied on the dam's models. Considering water and seismic loadings, the dynamic reactions of the arch dam's system were investigated. Both models showed crack overstresses or propagation on the dam's model as a result of seismic excitations. The arch dam with a higher degree of curvature was recorded 44 Mpa of stress evaluation which less by 30.7% of the arch dam with the lowest degree of curvature. The results indicated that raising the degree of curvature led to raising the dam's stability, earthquake resistance, less displacement, and less growth of tensile cracks.

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7

SMITH, E. G., G. W. RAHNEFELD, K. K. KLEIN y J. E. LAWSON. "ECONOMICS OF CALF PRODUCTION WITH FOREIGN CATTLE BREED CROSSES IN THE PARKLAND REGION OF WESTERN CANADA". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 1987): 961–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-101.

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The economics of calf production in the parkland region of western Canada was evaluated for calves of 31 three-breed crosses of foreign and British breeding. The data were derived from progeny produced at Brandon, Manitoba by mating heifers to Beefmaster or Red Angus bulls and cows to Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L) and Chianina (Chi) bulls. There were 10 different first-cross dams including Hereford (H) × Angus (A) as the control (HA) and nine dam cross combinations produced by mating C, S and L sires with H, A and Shorthorn (N) dams. The performance data were for 572 F1 female crosses, with 2006 calves born and 1930 calves weaned during a production period of six consecutive years. Net farm income per HA unit dam (NFIPD) or receipts less expenses plus inventory value changes on a HA dam basis, was evaluated for each three-breed cross. The SN and CA dams produced the highest NFIPD. Overall, the CA dams bred to L sires returned the highest NFIPD with SN dams bred to C sires returning only $0.16 less. The NFIPD was approximately $20 higher for these two F1 female crosses than the next most profitable F1 female crosses. Limousin-cross dams produced the lowest NFIPD, up to $116 less than the CA or SN dams. The NFIPD ranking for the breed of dam's dam was A > N > H and for the breed of sire of dam was S = C > L. The terminal sires ranked L = C > Chi = S. Breed of sire of dam and breed of dam of dam interactions were present. The primary determinants of NFIPD differences among breed crosses were the weaning weight of calves, the percent of dams weaning a calf, calving difficulty, and daily digestible energy requirements for the dam. Key words: Economic, foreign, cattle, crossbreds, cow-calf

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8

Léger, P., M. Côté y R. Tinawi. "Thermal protection of concrete dams subjected to freeze–thaw cycles". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 1995): 588–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-067.

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Concrete dams located in northern regions are subjected to severe cyclic seasonal temperature variations, which may contribute significantly to the deterioration of the exposed faces and the long-term degradation of strength and stiffness properties. This paper presents a comparative study of thermal protection methods that might be used to improve the durability of concrete dams subjected to freeze–thaw cycles. First, the thermal, structural, and physical processes that affect the dam's resistance to freeze–thaw cycles are discussed. The thermal durability of existing northern concrete dams is then reviewed. Three thermal protection schemes are presented: (i) insulation membranes applied directly to the concrete facings, (ii) insulation membranes with air spaces for drainage or visual inspection, and (iii) insulation made of granular material. Two-dimensional thermomechanical finite element analyses of a typical gravity dam located in Quebec are then carried out to assess the performance of thermal protection systems using different configurations of insulating materials and exposure conditions, and to develop appropriate design criteria. Key words: concrete dams, thermal analysis, insulation, finite element method.

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9

Fahlbusch, H. "Early dams". Proceedings of the ICE - Engineering History and Heritage 162, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 2009): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ehah.2009.162.1.13.

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10

Devlin, M. F. "Rubber dams". British Dental Journal 198, n.º 6 (marzo de 2005): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4812229.

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11

Marnezy, Alain. "Alpine dams". Revue de géographie alpine, n.º 96-1 (15 de marzo de 2008): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rga.430.

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12

Pandit, Dr Bashir Ahmad. "A Workable Approach to Calculate the Rate of Silting in Small and Hillside Dams in the Rambiara watershed in Jammu and Kashmir". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2024): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59812.

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Abstract: In temperate regions, building small dams and hillside reservoirs is a popular solution to irregular and unevenly distributed rainfalls. Furthermore, it is advised that rural communities use these tiny hydraulic structures as a means of adapting to climate change. They are essential to the water resources' survival. These dams could, however, act as sinks for material from upstream. In order to better understand siltation and the proper operation of these essential structures, it would be helpful to monitor and measure the amount of sediments in minor dams. The bathymetry or topographical surveys needed for this control and these measurements are too costly for the people in charge of these minor dams. In this regard, the triangulation of the estimated silted level is a straightforward and inexpensive method that is proposed in this work. This technique is based on measuring the accessible silted level in the dam directly. This new approach is contrasted with an alternative that is based on the dam's original Elevation-Capacity curve and is typically employed when the bathymetry is unachievable. The bathymetry and electrical tomography findings from both of them were compared, confirming the proposal method's status as the most accurate. Consequently, this approach is suggested as a novel, straightforward, and easy way to assess the degree of silting in minor dams and hillside reservoirs

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13

Galaverna, O., S. Nicolaidis, S. Z. Yao, R. R. Sakai y A. N. Epstein. "Endocrine consequences of prenatal sodium depletion prepare rats for high need-free NaCl intake in adulthood". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 269, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1995): R578—R583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.3.r578.

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Offspring of dams that were repeatedly sodium depleted during late pregnancy (at days E14, E17, and E20) expressed high need-free 3% NaCl intake in adulthood. Need-free 3% NaCl intake was greater in females, thereby respecting the sexual dimorphism of this behavior, and was increased further by successive sodium depletion in adulthood. Offspring from dams that had been sodium depleted while receiving the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, showed a need-free NaCl intake similar to that of control rats nonneonatally sodium depleted. Trunk blood taken from dams at day E18, i.e., 24 h after the second treatment, revealed that sodium depletion produced marked increases in the dam's plasma angiotensin (ANG) II and aldosterone that were not present when dams were treated with captopril during sodium depletion, even though both groups displayed a similar hyponatremia. We therefore propose that, during prenatal sodium depletion, the activation of the angiotensin-aldosterone system rather than the loss of sodium itself is responsible for the modification in need-free NaCl intake behavior. Finally, we suggest that, during pregnancy, ANG II may have an organizational effect on the neural substrate in the fetal brain that subserves subsequent NaCl intake behavior.

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14

Dounias, George T., Kostas Anastasopoulos y Argyris Kountouris. "Long-term behaviour of embankment dams: seven Greek dams". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering 165, n.º 3 (junio de 2012): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geng.11.00052.

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15

Kristiawan, Nyoman Yoga, Heri Sulistiyono y Ery Setiawan. "Design of an Android-Based Dam Flood and Drought Early Warning Information System (SI BANKER) in West Nusa Tenggara". RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 9, n.º 6 (14 de junio de 2024): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n06.023.

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Dam construction in Indonesia is currently very developed, namely 235 dams that have been built and West Nusa Tenggara Province contributes 30% of the number of dams in Indonesia, namely 70 dams spread across the islands of Lombok and Sumbawa, where 32 dams are in the Lombok River Basin and 38 dams in the Sumbawa River Basin. The current problem for the Europeanization and maintenance of existing dams in West Nusa Tenggara province is that there is no information system that can make it easier for officers at each dam to report the latest condition of the water level of each dam and provide early warning of the condition of the dam's water level whether it will be close to flood or dry conditions. Currently, to report water level conditions in each dam, officials at each dam can only report the results of water level monitoring under normal circumstances, floods or droughts only manually. The purpose of this study is to provide early warning information / notifications on flood and drought conditions in dams in West Nusa Tenggara province based on android. The research method used in the process of developing this system is the waterfall development method which consists of 5 stages, namely defining needs, designing, coding and implementation, testing and documentation. The results of this study are in accordance with the description in the previous chapter including interface implementation, system testing and evaluating the system. Evaluation is carried out to determine the shortcomings of the system, so that it can be better for future development. The conclusion of this study from the design and testing that has been carried out shows that all functions have run in accordance with the proposed system. For further research, it is recommended to create a similar Android mobile application but using a more complete framework and having many references to perfect some features in the application that are still not perfect.

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16

Elalfy, Mahmoud M., Mamdouh Abouelmagd, Eman A. Abdelraheem y Mona G. El-hadidy. "Hepatorenal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles in In-Vivo Postnatal Model of Toxicity and in HepG2 Cell Line". Material Science Research India 17, Issue 1 (1 de mayo de 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/170108.

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Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) had many uses in medicine, household and industry. To better understand the postnatal toxicity of Ag-NPs in lactating female rats and its offspring’s, 18 female rats after delivery were divided into three groups and dams received orally the AG-NPs at doses of 0, 50, 100 ppm daily for 21 days. After the end of treatment, all rats were euthanized and blood and tissues were separated for evaluation of biochemical and histopathology in dams and its pups. The Ag-NPs had no effect on the dam's weight while the reduction of rats’ pups weight was noticed after first week only after the treatment. Notably, Ag-NPs had toxic effects in rat’s pups, as well as its dam with evidence of elevation of liver enzymes, urea, creatinine and reduction of serum protein, albumin and globulin and considered the first report explained the toxicity in the rat’s pups. Moreover, rats' pups revealed histopathological changes in liver and kidney as well as its dams. Notably, the nano-silver is considered cytotoxic for HepG2 cell line as well as mouse liver cell line. In conclusions, the Ag-NPs considered toxic in offspring as well as dams and had immunosuppressive effects in the postnatal model of toxicity as well as cytotoxicity to hepatic cells lines.

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17

Thulfiqar S. Hussein. "A Numerical Investigation of Seismic Load Analysis for a Concrete Gravity Dam Utilizing Abaqus Software". Journal of Electrical Systems 20, n.º 4s (8 de abril de 2024): 818–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.2119.

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Current research efforts focus on ensuring the safety of extant dams against seismic loads and designing earthquake-resistant new dams. Dependable analytical procedures are essential for a safe design that can withstand the forces induced by earthquakes. In this research, the Pine Flat Dam in California, United States, was subjected to modal, static, and dynamic analyses utilizing the Abaqus software to evaluate the impact of hydrostatic forces and dynamic stresses on the dam, taking into account flexible foundations. Using the vertical component and the horizontal component Taft Lincoln School Tunnel earthquake data, dynamic linear and nonlinear performance for concrete gravity dam were conducted. The results obtained from the nonlinear analysis exhibited a noteworthy decrease in the highest primary stress at the heel of the concrete dam, dropping from 3.17 MPa to 1.31 MPa. Conversely, no variation was observed in the minimum principal stress. In addition, the dam's maximum principal stress has shifted from its base to its neck. The findings from these analyses can contribute to enhancing new dam designs and evaluating seismic safety for existing dams. This study highlights the importance of accurate analytical procedures in ensuring dam safety and provides significant observations regarding the behavior of concrete dams during earthquake loading.

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18

Alaibakhsh, Masoomeh, Sh Haji Azizi y M. M. Kheirkhah Zarkesh. "Water resource management with a combination of underground dam/qanat and site selection of suitable sites using GIS". Water Supply 13, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2013): 606–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.039.

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Subsurface dams and aqueducts have been used for many years as important sources of water in different parts of the world. Nowadays, little attention is paid to aqueducts. On the other hand, there is a great tendency for constructing and using subsurface dams in many arid and semiarid parts of the world such as Iran. A combination of these two structures was established in ancient Iran including Qanat Vazvan in Isfahan. Nowadays, new methods and techniques such as the Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing have been developed to process site selection of subsurface dams with high accuracy and in a short time. Study and research of the Qanat Vazvan structure emphasizes the idea that these two structures have been combined in a new way. Considering some main criteria and sub-criteria for subsurface dam site selection, with the existence of aqueduct, some suitable locations with a combination of aqueduct and subsurface dam in Pishkoh basin, Taft, Yazd province have been delineated. Some of the advantages of underground dams are their local use, being close to the demand sites and their capacity for gathering water in each season. These positive points when combined with reclamation of aqueducts (qanats) cause a renewable situation for qanats and their efficiency as a water resource management process. Underground dams can be built in a qanat's shaft by constructing some hatches inside the dam's wall. Hence, water can be stored during cold rainy seasons. The main and basic weaknesses of qanats can be covered through this combination. Hence, it causes a strong and optimum usage of qanat water.

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19

Evans, IM, MR Pickard, AK Sinha, AJ Leonard, DC Sampson y RP Ekins. "Influence of maternal hyperthyroidism in the rat on the expression of neuronal and astrocytic cytoskeletal proteins in fetal brain". Journal of Endocrinology 175, n.º 3 (1 de diciembre de 2002): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1750597.

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Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy impairs brain function in human and rat offspring, but little is known regarding the influence of maternal hyperthyroidism on neurodevelopment. We have previously shown that the expression of neuronal and glial differentiation markers in fetal brain is compromised in hypothyroid rat dam pregnancies and have now therefore extended this investigation to hyperthyroid rat dams. Study groups comprised partially thyroidectomised dams, implanted with osmotic pumps infusing either vehicle (TX dams) or a supraphysiological dose of thyroxine (T4) (HYPER dams), and euthyroid dams infused with vehicle (N dams). Cytoskeletal protein abundance was determined in fetal brain at 21 days of gestation by immunoblot analysis. Relative to N dams, circulating total T4 levels were reduced to around one-third in TX dams but were doubled in HYPER dams. Fetal brain weight was increased in HYPER dams, whereas litter size and fetal body weight were reduced in TX dams. Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was similar in HYPER and TX dams, being reduced in both cases relative to N dams. alpha-Internexin (INX) abundance was reduced in HYPER dams and increased in TX dams, whereas neurofilament 68 (NF68) exhibited increased abundance in HYPER dams. Furthermore, INX was inversely related to - and NF68 directly related to - maternal serum total T4 levels, independently of fetal brain weight. In conclusion, maternal hyperthyroidism compromises the expression of neuronal cytoskeletal proteins in late fetal brain, suggestive of a pattern of accelerated neuronal differentiation.

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20

Capriglioni Cancian, Claudia Regina, Nayara Carvalho Leite, Elisangela Gueiber Montes, Stefani Valeria Fisher, Leticia Waselcoski, Emily Caroline Lopes Stal, Renata Zanardini Christoforo y Sabrina Grassiolli. "Histological and Metabolic State of Dams Suckling Small Litter or MSG-Treated Pups". Scientific World Journal 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1678541.

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Lactation is an important function that is dependent on changes in the maternal homeostasis and sustained by histological maternal adjustments. We evaluated how offspring manipulations during the lactational phase can modulate maternal morphologic aspects in the mammary gland, adipose tissue, and pancreatic islets of lactating dams. Two different models of litter-manipulation-during-lactation were used: litter sizes, small litters (SL) or normal litters (NL) and subcutaneous injections in the puppies of monosodium glutamate (MSG), or saline (CON). SL Dams and MSG Dams presented an increase in WAT content and higher plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, and insulin, in relation to NL Dams and CON Dams, respectively. The MG of SL Dams and MSG Dams presented a high adipocyte content and reduced alveoli development and the milk of the SL Dams presented a higher calorie and triglyceride content, compared to that of the NL Dams. SL Dams presented a reduction in islet size and greater lipid droplet accumulation in BAT, in relation to NL Dams. SL Dams and MSG Dams present similar responses to offspring manipulation during lactation, resulting in changes in metabolic parameters. These alterations were associated with higher fat accumulation in BAT and changes in milk composition only in SL Dams.

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21

Shi, Zhen Ming, You Quan Wang, Jian Feng Chen, Zu Guang Shang y Xiao Tao He. "Effect of Fill Size on the Stability of Barrier Dams". Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (septiembre de 2011): 1373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1373.

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The fills of barrier dams commonly result from high-speed landslides debris flow. In this paper, four model tests were conducted to study the effect of fill size on the stability of barrier dams. The failure time, failure mode, pore pressures and earth pressures were then observed and analyzed. The results show that barrier dams composed of coarse-grains or well-graded fills are more stable than those composed of fine-grained fills; coarse-grain-dams are more sensitive to the rising of water level than fine-grain-dams; the failure mode of coarse-grain-dams is usually overflowing-erosion and the barrier dams usually fail from the top of dams; the failure mode of fine-grain-dams is sliding and the barrier dams fail initially from the slope downstream.

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22

Yuen, Kai Wan, Edward Park, Melda Hazrina, Muh Taufik, Putu Santikayasa, Edgardo Latrubesse y Janice Ser Huay Lee. "A Comprehensive Database of Indonesian Dams and Its Spatial Distribution". Remote Sensing 15, n.º 4 (8 de febrero de 2023): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15040925.

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Dams are infrastructural projects with multiple uses that include hydropower, irrigation, water storage, flood management, and recreation. Most research on dams in Southeast Asia focuses on the Mekong River Basin and there is limited research on dams in Indonesia. Here, we developed a comprehensive database of dams in Indonesia derived from global and local datasets. We also used Google Earth Pro to locate additional dams and to validate the presence of all the dams. Our database had a total of 1506 dams (from large to mini dams and run-of river dams) in operation or under construction, and this was three times the number of dams reported in Indonesia’s national database for dams. There were another 250 planned dams, of which, only 30 had known locations. Our database also includes information such as the geographical coordinates of each dam, their physical characteristics, and what each dam is used for. Ultimately, we hope that our work will help researchers, non-government organizations, and government agencies with hydrological and socio-ecological research in Indonesia.

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23

Castillo, Pedro, Catalina Amadora Pomar, Andreu Palou, Mariona Palou y Catalina Picó. "Influence of Maternal Metabolic Status and Diet during the Perinatal Period on the Metabolic Programming by Leptin Ingested during the Suckling Period in Rats". Nutrients 15, n.º 3 (21 de enero de 2023): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15030570.

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We aimed to analyze the long-term metabolic effects of leptin supplementation at physiological doses during suckling in the offspring of diet-induced obese rats, together with the potential benefits of improving maternal diet during lactation. Thus, the offspring of: dams fed standard-diet (SD) (CON-dams), dams fed western-diet (WD) before and during gestation and lactation (WD-dams), and dams fed as WD-dams but moved to SD during lactation (REV-dams) were supplemented throughout suckling with leptin or vehicle, and fed SD or WD from weaning to four months. Under SD, leptin treatment significantly improved metabolic profile and body fat accumulation, with stronger effects in the male offspring of CON-dams and REV-dams. Under WD, the offspring of WD-dams presented metabolic alterations that were not evident in the offspring of REV-dams. Moreover, leptin supplementation improved glucose homeostasis in the male offspring of REV-dams. Conversely, leptin supplementation in females born to WD-dams and fed WD from weaning resulted in impaired insulin sensitivity and increased hepatic lipid content. These results highlight the importance of a balanced maternal diet during the perinatal period, especially lactation, for the subsequent metabolic health of the offspring and for the beneficial effects of leptin supplementation during suckling, more evident in the male offspring.

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24

Wood, Donna J. ""Dams or Democracy?"". Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 3 (1992): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc1992318.

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25

Bizer, John R. "Damning Large Dams". Ecology 68, n.º 3 (junio de 1987): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938488.

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26

MATSUMOTO, NORIHISA, AKIRA NAKAMURA, TAKASHI SASAKI y TOMOYA IWASHITA. "EFFECTS ON DAMS". SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS 36, Special (1996): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf.36.special_273.

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27

Vince, G. "Dams for Patagonia". Science 329, n.º 5990 (22 de julio de 2010): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.329.5990.382.

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28

Veltrop, J. A. "Future of Dams". IEEE Power Engineering Review 22, n.º 3 (marzo de 2002): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.2002.989188.

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29

Wohl, Ellen. "Damning Big Dams". American Scientist 94, n.º 1 (2006): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2006.57.78.

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30

Swirbul, Cathy. "US hydropower dams". Refocus 2, n.º 5 (junio de 2001): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-0846(01)80070-6.

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31

Nasmyth, Kim y Tim Hunt. "Dams and sluices". Nature 366, n.º 6456 (diciembre de 1993): 634–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/366634a0.

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32

O’Rourke, Michael J., Moumita Ganguly y Lucas Thompson. "Eave Ice Dams". Journal of Architectural Engineering 16, n.º 1 (marzo de 2010): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0431(2010)16:1(11).

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33

Sweet, W. "China's big dams". IEEE Spectrum 38, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2001): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.946638.

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34

Lempérière, F. "Dams and Floods". Engineering 3, n.º 1 (febrero de 2017): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2017.01.018.

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35

Lave, Lester B., Daniel Resendiz-Carrillo y Francis C. Mcmichael. "Safety goals for high-hazard dams: Are dams too safe?" Water Resources Research 26, n.º 7 (julio de 1990): 1383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/wr026i007p01383.

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36

Lave, Lester B. "Safety goals for high hazard dams: Are dams too safe". Water Resources Research 26, n.º 7 (1990): 1383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90wr00483.

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37

Nakatsuchi, Ayumi, Sonoko Watanuki, Liushiqi Borjigin, Hirotaka Sato, Lanlan Bai, Ryosuke Matsuura, Maho Kuroda et al. "BoLA-DRB3 Polymorphism Controls Proviral Load and Infectivity of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Milk". Pathogens 11, n.º 2 (5 de febrero de 2022): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020210.

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which causes enzootic bovine leukosis, is transmitted to calves through the milk of BLV-infected dams. Bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 is a polymorphic gene associated with BLV infectivity and proviral load (PVL). However, the effect of BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism on the infectivity and PVL of milk from BLV-infected dams remains unknown. This study examined milk from 259 BLV-infected dams, including susceptible dams carrying at least one BoLA-DRB3*012:01 or *015:01 allele with high PVL, resistant dams carrying at least one BoLA-DRB3*002:01, *009:02, or *014:01:01 allele with low PVL, and neutral dams carrying other alleles. The detection rate of BLV provirus and PVL were significantly higher in milk from susceptible dams than in that from resistant dams. This result was confirmed in a three-year follow-up study in which milk from susceptible dams showed a higher BLV provirus detection rate over a longer period than that from resistant dams. The visualization of infectivity of milk cells using a luminescence syncytium induction assay showed that the infectious risk of milk from BLV-infected dams was markedly high for susceptible dams compared to resistant ones. This is the first report confirming that BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism affects the PVL and infectivity of milk from BLV-infected dams.

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38

Lima, Daniel Andrioli de, Guilherme Theodoro Nascimento Pereira de Lima, Vitor Eduardo Molina Júnior y Laura Maria Canno Ferreira Fais. "Application of a simplified methodology for classification of small dams in cascade". Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 17, n.º 1 (8 de febrero de 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2790.

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Dams pose a high potential risk due to the possibility of rupture. An accident can cause severe consequences for the economy and the environment, besides the loss of human lives. In addition to large dams for power generation, there are also a large number of small earth dams throughout the world, mainly in rural areas, built for the purpose of irrigation or watering animals. Problems with small dams are also frequent, especially in periods of high rainfall when they are more prone to failure. When dams are in cascade, the probability of a rupture is even greater than with an isolated dam, since in most cases small dams do not have enough freeboard to contain the volume coming from the dam further upstream. However, Brazilian legislation relating to water dams only covers the large ones, unless they are classified with high Hazard Potential (DPA for its acronym in Portuguese). Thus, there is no specific legislation for small dams, which means that many of them do not undergo regular inspections and proper safety assessment. This work aims to apply the simplified classification developed by the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC for its acronym in Portuguese) for dams in cascade and to compare it to the classification of the Brazilian law for the DPA, evaluating its applicability for small dams. In this way, this method will complement and facilitate decision-making by owners and regulators, thus allowing special attention to the safety of small dams all over the world. Keywords: dams in cascade, dams safety, small earth dams.

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39

Angelakis, Andreas N., Alper Baba, Mohammad Valipour, Jörg Dietrich, Elahe Fallah-Mehdipour, Jens Krasilnikoff, Esra Bilgic et al. "Water Dams: From Ancient to Present Times and into the Future". Water 16, n.º 13 (1 de julio de 2024): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16131889.

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Since ancient times, dams have been built to store water, control rivers, and irrigate agricultural land to meet human needs. By the end of the 19th century, hydroelectric power stations arose and extended the purposes of dams. Today, dams can be seen as part of the renewable energy supply infrastructure. The word dam comes from French and is defined in dictionaries using words like strange, dike, and obstacle. In other words, a dam is a structure that stores water and directs it to the desired location, with a dam being built in front of river valleys. Dams built on rivers serve various purposes such as the supply of drinking water, agricultural irrigation, flood control, the supply of industrial water, power generation, recreation, the movement control of solids, and fisheries. Dams can also be built in a catchment area to capture and store the rainwater in arid and semi-arid areas. Dams can be built from concrete or natural materials such as earth and rock. There are various types of dams: embankment dams (earth-fill dams, rock-fill dams, and rock-fill dams with concrete faces) and rigid dams (gravity dams, rolled compacted concrete dams, arch dams, and buttress dams). A gravity dam is a straight wall of stone masonry or earthen material that can withstand the full force of the water pressure. In other words, the pressure of the water transfers the vertical compressive forces and horizontal shear forces to the foundations beneath the dam. The strength of a gravity dam ultimately depends on its weight and the strength of its foundations. Most dams built in ancient times were constructed as gravity dams. An arch dam, on the other hand, has a convex curved surface that faces the water. The forces generated by the water pressure are transferred to the sides of the structure by horizontal lines. The horizontal, normal, and shear forces resist the weight at the edges. When viewed in a horizontal section, an arch dam has a curved shape. This type of dam can also resist water pressure due to its particular shape that allows the transfer of the forces generated by the stored water to the rock foundations. This article takes a detailed look at hydraulic engineering in dams over the millennia. Lessons should be learned from the successful and unsuccessful applications and operations of dams. Water resource managers, policymakers, and stakeholders can use these lessons to achieve sustainable development goals in times of climate change and water crisis.

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40

Cruz, Claudinei Oliveira, Henrique Nogueira Soares y Hernani Mota de Lima. "Tailings dams’ classification based on risk using data from SIGBM". Caderno Pedagógico 21, n.º 3 (25 de marzo de 2024): e3359. http://dx.doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv21n3-164.

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The Brumadinho and Mariana tailings dam failures in Brazil tragically highlighted the critical need for robust risk management in the mining sector. Tailings dams, by their very nature, pose significant risks to downstream communities and the environment in the event of failure. To mitigate these risks, a comprehensive risk classification system is essential. This abstract emphasizes the real-world impact of dam failures and strengthens the importance of risk classification. Risk analysis plays a central role in identifying, quantifying, and ultimately mitigating the potential consequences of tailings dam failure. The classification process considers various factors that influence dam stability and safety, including dam geometry and construction methods — the design and construction techniques employed significantly impact a dam's stability; tailings characteristics — the physical and chemical properties of the stored tailings can influence factors like liquefaction potential; operating conditions — factors like the rate of tailings deposition and the presence of seismic activity need evaluation; drainage system effectiveness — a well-functioning drainage system is crucial for managing pore pressures within the dam. By analyzing these elements, risk classification aims to categorize tailings dams into distinct risk levels, typically ranging from low to very high. This categorization allows for targeted risk mitigation strategies to be implemented based on the specific vulnerabilities of each dam. This paper proposes a methodology for risk classification of tailings dams utilizing data from the Brazilian National Mining Agency's (ANM) Integrated Mining Dam Management System (SIGBM). The study focuses on 203 dams situated in Minas Gerais, a Brazilian state with a history of dam failures. Data was extracted from SIGBM in February 2023. This research not only presents a general risk classification for the assessed dams but also delves deeper, offering a quantitative measure of vulnerability, risk potential, and potential consequences of a failure event for each individual dam.

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41

Sabau, Ramona M., Lyndsey Pierson y Michael H. Ferkin. "Body mass and attractivity of female offspring are negatively affected by food restriction of meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) dams during lactation". Behaviour 151, n.º 12-13 (2014): 1847–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003219.

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The environment experienced by pups during lactation (nutrition and maternal behaviour) can contribute not only to sexual development, but also to individual differences in offspring sexual behaviour. We tested the hypothesis that female offspring of meadow vole dams (Microtus pennsylvanicus) that were 30% food restricted (FR) during days 1–7 of lactation (FR 1–7), days 8–14 of lactation (FR 8–14), or days 15–21 of lactation (FR 15–21) show negative effects on their food intake, growth, and the three components of sexual behaviour (attractivity, proceptivity and receptivity) as compared with female offspring of control dams. With the exception of age 29 days or age 34 days, the body weights of female offspring of FR 1–7 dams and FR 8–14 dams between days 21 and 48 were lower than the body weights of female offspring of FR 15–21 dams and those of control dams. Female offspring of FR 1–7 dams maintained a lower body weight than the other female offspring throughout the study. Female offspring of FR 8–14 and FR 15–21 dams produced odours that were less attractive to males than odours produced by those of FR 1–7 and control dams. Female offspring of FR dams and control dams did not differ in their measures of proceptivity and receptivity. However, the total amount of time allocated for copulation by males was shorter for those males that were paired with female offspring of FR 1–7 dams than it was for those that were paired with the female offspring of FR 8–14, FR15–21, and control dams. The results of this study, coupled with those found in a study conducted on the male offspring of FR dams, indicate that for female offspring days 1–7 and for male offspring days 8–14 of lactation are the time periods during which food restriction of dams had the greatest impact on deficits in sexual behaviour and body mass in meadow voles.

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42

Darbre, Georges R. "Instrumentation de barrages par accélérographes". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1995): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-014.

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A better understanding of the dynamic behaviour of dams requires strong-motion instrumentations. In particular, it is necessary to observe the free-field motions at the dam sites and the effective motions along the abutments, and to determine the dynamic properties of dams and their response to severe earthquakes. Instrumentation schemes are developed for arch dams, gravity dams and embankment dams, considering specific observational needs and objectives. The technical specifications to be satisfied by the accelerographs and the arrays are developed. Four arrays, which have been installed in Swiss dams ranging in height from 120 to 285 m, for a total of 29 triaxial accelerographs, are also presented. Key words: earthquakes, strong motions, instrumentation, accelerographs, dams.

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43

Bali, Haluk y Salih Alcay. "The Methods Used in Monitoring of Large Dams in Turkey". Academic Perspective Procedia 3, n.º 1 (25 de octubre de 2020): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.51.

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Turkey is a very rich country in terms of water resources. However, in order to use these resources efficiently, water must be stored safely. In this context, the best form of storage is the construction of dams. In our country, large dams, which are among the world's important dams, are being built. Although there are many advantages of large dams, the loss of life and property will be so great in case of a possible deformation or destruction. The fact that dams are under the influence of various forces, as well as being located in the earthquake zone of our country, necessitates continuous monitoring of our dams. Dams are generally monitored using geodetic methods and geotechnical devices. However, mostly details of these two methods are evaluated separately in dam monitoring. Evaluating the results of both methods together is very important for the comprehensive monitoring of the dam and the correct interpretation of possible deformations. In this study, large dams in our country and monitoring studies carried out by using geodetic and geotechnical methods in these dams are given in detail.

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44

Lee, Kihwan y Choongsik Woo. "Study on the Applicability of the Exterior Condition Assessment to Evaluate The Physical Vulnerability of Check Dams". Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, n.º 6 (31 de diciembre de 2021): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.6.71.

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Check dams are a typical structural approach used in watershed disaster management systems. Currently, approximately 12,000 check dams have been estimated to be constructed on mountain streams in Korea. More than 90% of these have been constructed in the last 20 years. This rapid increase over a short period of time has attracted attention to the necessity of maintenance strategies for check dams. The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of the exterior condition assessment to evaluate the degree of deterioration in check dams. We classify the typical damage types of check dams and describe its key characteristics. Moreover, we apply a modified version of the condition assessment for large dams to meet the characteristics of check dams.

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45

Butler, David R. y George P. Malanson. "The geomorphic influences of beaver dams and failures of beaver dams". Geomorphology 71, n.º 1-2 (octubre de 2005): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.08.016.

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46

Bloodworth, Jeffrey C., Aki Hoji, Ross Blankenship y Joan Cook-Mills. "Maternal beta-glucosylceramide induces the generation of IRF4+ dendritic cells in offspring of allergic mothers." Journal of Immunology 210, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2023): 156.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.156.12.

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Abstract Background: β-glucosylceramides (βGlcCers) are elevated in allergic mouse dams and are necessary and sufficient to induce allergy predisposition in offspring. βGlcCers increase dendritic cell (DC) numbers in the fetal liver and pup lungs. We hypothesize that these lung DCs predispose offspring to allergic lung responses. We also hypothesize that βGlcCers induce elevated pro-allergy IRF4+ DC numbers during fetal hematopoiesis. Methods: Pregnant mice were injected with a mixture of βGlcCers known to predispose offspring to allergic asthma. DCs were assayed by flow cytometry. In another approach, lung DCs from pups of non-allergic dams or allergy predisposed pups born to allergic dams were transferred to lungs of pups of non-allergic dams. Recipient pups received suboptimal sensitization and airway allergen challenge. Results: An increase in number of IRF4+ DCs was observed in fetal livers when dams received βGlcCers compared to fetal livers from vehicle-injected dams. Higher numbers of IRF4+ DCs were in the lungs of pups born to allergic dams compared to pups born to non-allergic dams. Transfer of CD45.1 lung DCs from pups born to allergic dams to lungs of CD45.2 pups born to non-allergic dams induced allergy predisposition in the recipients compared to lung DC transfers from pups born to non-allergic dams. Furthermore, elevated numbers of endogenous CD45.2 IRF4+ lung DCs were observed in allergen-challenged pups that received lung DCs from pups born to allergic dams. Conclusions: These results suggest that βGlcCer induces increased numbers of pro-allergy IRF4+ DCs during fetal hematopoiesis. These results further suggest that lung DCs from pups born to allergic dams are induce allergen responsiveness and higher lung IRF4+ DC numbers. Supported by grants from NIH (R01AI127695 and U01AI131337)

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47

Zhang, Rui, Shi Chun Chi y Gao Lin. "Seismic Acceleration Distribution Analysis of High Earth-Rock Dams in Three-Dimensional Space". Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (mayo de 2011): 4623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4623.

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When pseudostatic method is employed to analyze slope seismic stability of high earth- rock dams, earthquake load is computed according to dynamic seismic coefficient figure in the present Specifications for Seismic Design of Hydraulic Structures (DL5073-1997). The figure is only suitable for earth-rock dams lower than 150m. While at the present time, many earth-rock dams to be constructed are higher than 150m. Compared with low dams, high order self-vibrating period of high dams is easy to coincide with seismic predominant period, and high order vibrations are constantly to be activated and amplified, which result in seismic acceleration distribution is different from low dams. With analytical and finite element method respectively, seismic acceleration distribution of high earth-rock dams is analyzed. Suggested dynamic seismic coefficient figure of earth-rock dams 300m-level in height is put forward, which offer a supplement for the present Code for Seismic Design of Hydraulic Structure.

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48

Bakiş, Recep. "Electricity Generation from Existing Multipurpose Dams in Turkey". Energy Exploration & Exploitation 23, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2005): 495–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/014459805776986911.

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The aim of this article is to investigate the hydropower potential of multipurpose dams constructed with the purpose of supplying irrigation, domestic water supply, flood control, navigation, recreation, sanitation, and wildlife conservation but not for electricity generation in Turkey. One of the functions of multipurpose dams is to produce electricity when released water from the reservoir. More than 1175 dams in various sizes and types have been constructed so far in Turkey and according to the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) definition, 555 dams have already been in operation by 2005. At the present research, out of 1175 dams, 78 multipurpose dams with an installed capacity less than 20 MW still in operation can be rehabilitated as small hydropower facilities. For this purpose, existing 78 of multipurpose dams which do not generate electricity so far have been investigated. By using these existing multipurpose dams, only minor new civil works and ready-to-use turbine generator are required, which reduces the cost of electricity generation. It has been calculated that the electricity generation using this potential is 1090.89 GWh/yr with 287.83 MW installed capacity. This potential will add an important monetary value to Turkish economy.

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49

Sourogou, Roger Masso y Fabien C. Hountondji. "Retained Water in the Commune of Gogounou in Benin: Inventory, Characterization and Management Mode". Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 22, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ouacsce-2020-0013.

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Abstract The present work was carried out with the aim of knowing the characteristics and the management made of the agropastoral dams of the commune of Gogounou which are of a great utility for the local populations. To do this, twenty (20) dams were chosen according to the strategic interest that they present for the population, that is to say a polling rate of 87% on all the dams of the municipality. An inventory of the dams was made according to quantitative and qualitative indicators. The results showed the existence of (04) groups of dams according to the technical characteristics and some qualitative variables. The parameters that lead to the degradation of these dams are often related to the age and type of dam and the place of installation. Groups (2 and 4) are agropastoral dams (100%) and more than half of the dams are on flood sites. Results have also shown that there are management committees around all the dams in the commune of Gogounou, but which are mostly non-functional at almost 75%. Also, it has been found that the breeders are mostly transhumant and sedentary who use (100%) dams for watering animals. This cohabitation between farmers and pastoralists does not occur without major conflicts, in particular, that of land whose settlement is generally peaceful. In short, the management of the dams in the commune of Gogounou is a real challenge to be met for a better development, both economically and socially to guarantee the prosperity of the actors and prepare them to adapt to the vagaries of the climate future.

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50

López Valiente, Sebastian, Alejandro M. Rodríguez, Nathan M. Long, Graciela Quintans, Florencia E. Miccoli, Isabel M. Lacau-Mengido y Sebastian Maresca. "Age at First Gestation in Beef Heifers Affects Fetal and Postnatal Growth, Glucose Metabolism and IGF1 Concentration". Animals 11, n.º 12 (27 de noviembre de 2021): 3393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123393.

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This study aimed to determine the effects of age at first gestation on offspring growth performance, glucose metabolism, and IGF1 concentration. Heifers impregnated by AI from a single bull at 15 months of age (15 M, n = 20), or 27 months of age (27 M, n = 20), and multiparous cows (adult, n = 20) were used. Dams from all groups were managed in a single group during gestation and lactation. Gestational length was longer in the 15 M and 27 M than in adult dams (p = 0.009). Bodyweight at birth, at weaning and ADG during lactation were higher in calves from adult dams than in those from 27 M dams, and higher in calves from the latter than in 15 M calves (p < 0.001). Calves from 15 M dams had an increased head circumference/BW ratio compared to calves from 27 M dams, while calves from this latter group had an increased ratio compared to calves from adults (p = 0.005). Body mass index was greater in calves from adults than in those from 15 M and 27 M dams (p = 0.002). Milk production from 15 M and 27 M dams was similar but lower than that from adults (p = 0.03). Calves born from adult dams had greater blood glucose concentrations than those from 15 M and 27 M dams (p < 0.05). Serum IGF1 concentrations were higher in calves from adults than in calves from 15 M and 27 M dams (p = 0.01). This study showed that age at first gestation affects offspring postnatal growth performance, glucose metabolism and IGF1 concentration.

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