Artículos de revistas: "Dairy environment"

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Trajchev, Metodija, Dimitar Nakov y Sreten Andonov. "The Effect of Thermal Environment on Daily Milk Yield of Dairy Cows". Macedonian Veterinary Review 39, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2016): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/macvetrev-2016-0084.

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AbstractThe primary objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of environmental air temperatures on the milk production of dairy cows. Therefore, the experiment was carried out at the height of summer (from 15th of June to 15th of September) in three small family dairy farms and one commercial dairy farm. In total, 51 dairy cows from the black-white breed were subjected to the study. The season of research was divided into three periods: the period before the hot season, the period of the hot season and the period after the hot season. In each period there were three test days selected that were used for recording the air temperature inside and outside the barns and cow’s daily milk yield. Unvaried associations between the test day milk yield of cows and independent environmental and cow factors were done using the linear mixed model for repeated measurements. The statistical model showed that the farm management system and the hot season of the year had significant influence on daily milk yield per cow at the level of p<0.001. The test day per periods of the season when milk control was performed and the average test day environmental temperature showed statistically significant influence on daily milk yield per cow at level p<0.01. The present results revealed that environmental air temperatures contributes to considerable loss in the milk production of dairy cows.

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Kulish, T. "RESEARCH OF THE DAIRY MARKET MACRO-ENVIRONMENT". Scientific papers OF DMYTRO MOTORNYI TAVRIA STATE AGROTECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (ECONOMIC SCIENCES) 42 (2020): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2519-884x-2020-42-205-213.

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Juszczyk, Sławomir, Rafał Balłina y Juliusz Juszczyk. "ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COSTS IN POLISH DAIRY COOPERATIVES". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, n.º 2 (12 de mayo de 2020): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1376.

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The paper presents problems related to the costs incurred for environmental protection in Polish dairy cooperatives. It was found, inter alia, that the costs of environmental protection in this industry sector are high and are rising rapidly. The costs of sewage disposal and treatment are of key importance as they represent the largest share in the total costs of environmental protection, i.e. nearly 95%. In 2018, they amounted to approximately PLN 1.5 million per cooperative, which was almost three times more than in 2004. Other environmental protection costs account for approximately 5% of total environmental protection costs. So, the key to environmental success in dairy cooperatives is rational wastewater management. Therefore, it is advisable for managers to consider building their own wastewater treatment plants with sizes and parameters appropriate to the scale of milk processing and the number of finished product ranges produced. The study also found that the costs of training employees and farmers on environmental protection are low, which may suggest the desirability of increasing them according to real needs, so as to ensure an appropriate level of understanding and persuasion of farmers -shareholders for further investments related to environmental protection. It was also found that the scale of milk processing and the number of manufactured assortments strongly affect the total costs of environmental protection of dairy cooperatives in Poland. Legal requirements regarding environmental protection are so restrictive and economically effective that their omission may lead to increasing financial, management, technological and legal difficulties. Therefore, the compliance of dairy cooperatives with legal environmental requirements is a must, which should generally be assessed positively.

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Kulish, T. "RESEARCH OF THE DAIRY MARKET MACRO-ENVIRONMENT". Scientific papers OF DMYTRO MOTORNYI TAVRIA STATE AGROTECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (ECONOMIC SCIENCES) 42 (2020): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2519-884x-2020-42-205-216.

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Lewis, C., C. Stolte y E. Stolte. "Dairy farm resilience in a variable environment". Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (1 de enero de 2015): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.485.

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Clarence and Elise Stolte farm the family Masterton property as 50:50 sharemilkers. They have made the 285 ha dairy farming business resilient to environmental and milk price volatility by remaining focussed on sustainable results and not productivity. Evidenced through the Dairy Systems Monitoring (DSM) and the Dairy Farm Business of the Year competition they stand in the top 10% of elite groups for financial results in both high payout in a high pasture yield season, and then in the following low payout, low pasture yield season. Being able to demonstrate consistent results comes from a deliberately well considered farm policy, skilled on-farm management, maximising home grown feed yields and strong discipline around the farm budget.

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Itle, Carissa. "Dairy Farming and the Environment: Industry Concerns and Solutions Dairy Farming and the Environment: Industry Concerns and Solutions". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, n.º 16 (1 de enero de 2000): 544–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784994939.

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Souza, Luana Virgínia, Rafaela da Silva Rodrigues, Andressa Fusieger, Raiane Rodrigues da Silva, Sidney Rodrigues de Jesus Silva, Evandro Martins, Solimar Gonçalves Machado, Cinzia Caggia, Cinzia Lucia Randazzo y Antonio Fernandes de Carvalho. "Diversity of Filamentous Fungi Associated with Dairy Processing Environments and Spoiled Products in Brazil". Foods 12, n.º 1 (28 de diciembre de 2022): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010153.

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Few studies have investigated the diversity of spoilage fungi from the dairy production chain in Brazil, despite their importance as spoilage microorganisms. In the present study, 109 filamentous fungi were isolated from various spoiled dairy products and dairy production environments. The isolates were identified through sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. In spoiled products, Penicillium and Cladosporium were the most frequent genera of filamentous fungi and were also present in the dairy environment, indicating that they may represent a primary source of contamination. For dairy production environments, the most frequent genera were Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Nigrospora. Four species (Hypoxylon griseobrunneum, Rhinocladiella similis, Coniochaeta rosae, and Paecilomyces maximus) were identified for the first time in dairy products or in dairy production environment. Phytopathogenic genera were also detected, such as Montagnula, Clonostachys, and Riopa. One species isolated from the dairy production environment is classified as the pathogenic fungi, R. similis. Regarding the phylogeny, 14 different families were observed and most of the fungi belong to the Ascomycota phylum. The understanding of fungal biodiversity in dairy products and environment can support the development of conservation strategies to control food spoilage. This includes the suitable use of preservatives in dairy products, as well as the application of specific cleaning and sanitizing protocols designed for a specific group of target microorganisms.

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Murphy, C., R. Nettle y M. Paine. "The evolving extension environment: implications for dairy scientists". Animal Production Science 53, n.º 9 (2013): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12347.

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This paper reviews current challenges in the Australian extension environment and provides a case for developing an adaptive extension platform for the dairy sector in Australia and New Zealand, to support evolving dairy farm systems. The variation in the public-sector engagement in extension, the diversity and number of extension providers and a relatively uncoordinated approach to define new extension roles, functions and professional requirements are current challenges for dairy extension across Australia. In the dairy sector, these challenges coincide with increasing demand for a responsive research, development, extension and education system in supporting the rapid evolution in dairy farming systems. Addressing these challenges is not an issue for extension alone; however, the required level of integration among research, development, extension and education in an environment where needs are changing and resources are scarce demands an engaged dairy-science profession. Drawing on international extension and agricultural innovation-system literature and earlier empirical research, the following three areas for development are proposed: (1) a professional development strategy that incorporates (i) an understanding of the new professional situations extension works within, (ii) leadership in cross-industry and cross-sector coordination concerning the nature of the changing client in research, development, extension and education system and (iii) clear priorities for extension; (2) a professional development plan that incorporates a workplace-learning approach; and (3) for extension specialists to be engaged in defining research priorities, the agenda for change and suitable pathways for change alongside other professional groups, including farming. This development agenda will, however, require an adaptive extension platform to advance these areas on behalf of farmers and public stakeholders.

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Matković, K., M. Vučemilo, B. Vinković, B. Šeol, Ž. Pavičić y S. Matković. "Qualitative structure of airborne bacteria and fungi in dairy barn and nearby environment". Czech Journal of Animal Science 52, No. 8 (7 de enero de 2008): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2280-cjas.

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The study was conducted in a dairy barn and nearby environment to determine the level of air bacterial and fungi contamination. Measurements were performed in morning, noon and evening sampling periods once a week during two autumn months inside the barn and in a 25 m distant barn environment. A Merck MAS-100 air sampler was employed with different medium and incubation combinations for the capture and identification of bacteria and fungi. The results of the study showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the bacterial and fungi counts measured inside and outside the barn, whereby total outside bacterial count was by 97.4% to 98.0% lower, and total outside fungi count by 85.2% to 99.4% lower than the respective indoor counts in various sampling periods. In 125 analyzed colonies, gram-positive bacteria, especially those of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, were most commonly identified in the air samples from both inside and outside the barn. Gram-negative bacteria were present at a low rate, predominated by enterobacteria and by the genus Moraxella and Pseudomonas. Nine mould genera were identified in 325 fungi colonies, predominated by the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus and yeasts, both in the barn and in the nearby environment.

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FOX, EDWARD, TOM O'MAHONY, MARIE CLANCY, RITA DEMPSEY, MARTINA O'BRIEN y KIERAN JORDAN. "Listeria monocytogenes in the Irish Dairy Farm Environment". Journal of Food Protection 72, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 2009): 1450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.7.1450.

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Listeria monocytogenes is a potentially lethal foodborne pathogen commonly found in the environment. European Union hygiene legislation places responsibility for safety on primary production facilities, including farms, as part of a policy to introduce traceability throughout the food chain. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in the Irish dairy farm environment and in particular the milking facility. Two hundred ninety-eight environmental samples were collected from 16 farms in the southern region of Ireland. A number of farms within the group supply raw milk to the unpasteurized milk cheese industry. The samples taken included cow feces, milk, silage, soil, water, etc. Samples were enriched in Listeria enrichment broth and incubated for 48 h, followed by plating on chromogenic agar Listeria Ottavani & Agosti and further incubation of the plates for 24 to 48 h. Presumptive L. monocytogenes isolates were purified and confirmed by PCR targeting the hly gene. Overall, 19% of the samples (57 of 298) were positive for L. monocytogenes. These were serotyped using conventional and PCR methods; serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b made up 78% of the typeable isolates. A correlation was found between the level of hygiene standards on the farm and the occurrence of L. monocytogenes. There was little difference in the occurrence of L. monocytogenes between farms supplying milk to the unpasteurized milk cheese industry and those supplying milk for processing. This study demonstrates the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the dairy farm environment and the need for good hygiene practices to prevent its entry into the food chain.

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Lacetera, Nicola, Umberto Bernabucci, Daniela Scalia, Bruno Ronchi, Giorgina Kuzminsky y Alessandro Nardone. "Lymphocyte functions in dairy cows in hot environment". International Journal of Biometeorology 50, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2005): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-005-0273-3.

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Pellegrino, M., V. Alonso, C. Vissio, A. Larriestra, S. M. Chiacchiera, C. Bogni y L. Cavaglieri. "Gliotoxinogenic Aspergillus fumigatus in the dairy herd environment". Mycotoxin Research 29, n.º 2 (7 de marzo de 2013): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-013-0162-2.

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White, I. M. S., M. P. Coffey, M. J. Haskell y S. Brotherstone. "Characterization of dairy farm environments and their effect on cow lifespan". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (abril de 2007): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200019566.

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Environmental sensitivity exists when an environmental difference has more effect on some genotypes than on others (Falconer and Mackay, 1996). Quantifying the degree of environmental sensitivity shown by individual sires allows us to identify sires as specialists (those which rank highly in certain environments) or generalists (those which rank similarly across environments). Dairy farm environments vary enormously and this affects the production and health of the cows. The aims of this study were (1) to relate detailed survey information on farm management systems to information available at the national level to provide a definition of farm environment, and (2) to assess the effect of environment on lifespan.

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Hamdilah, Sri Ratu Nurul, Maulidian y Rukavina Baskh. "PENGEMBANGAN MODEL BISNIS PETERNAKAN SUSU SAPI PERAH MELALUI PERSPEKTIF BLUE OCEAN (STUDI KASUS: PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH CIBUGARY DI PONDOK RANGGON CIPAYUNG JAKARTA TIMUR)". Jurnal Bioindustri 4, n.º 1 (30 de noviembre de 2021): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31326/jbio.v4i1.706.

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Cibugary dairy farm is one of the dairy farms that actively produces milk and has an agritourism concept. Cibugary Farm as an old player in the midst of the many players in the dairy industry and is currently trapped in fierce competition (red ocean). The purpose of this study was to analyze the condition of business model, analyze the internal and external environment on Cibugary dairy farm and analyze the right business model for Cibugary dairy farm The analytical method used is the business model canvas, IFAS and EFAs analysis, SWOT and Blue Ocean Strategy. The results of this study are to find several alternative business strategies through a SWOT matrix combined with a blue ocean perspective that is eliminate-reduce-increase-create that will be used by companies to encounter the future. To avoid fierce competition and create blue oceans, Cibugary dairy farms must try to differentiate from existing competitors. In Cibugary product elements is diversifying date palm milk products and memberships cards. While the Cibugary agro-tourism element is creating adventure and Cibugary creation shelter.

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Mulder, H. A., R. F. Veerkamp, B. J. Ducro, J. A. M. van Arendonk y P. Bijma. "Optimization of Dairy Cattle Breeding Programs for Different Environments with Genotype by Environment Interaction". Journal of Dairy Science 89, n.º 5 (mayo de 2006): 1740–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72242-1.

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Wahinya, Peter K., Gilbert M. Jeyaruban, Andrew A. Swan y Julius H. J. van der Werf. "Optimization of Dairy Cattle Breeding Programs with Genotype by Environment Interaction in Kenya". Agriculture 12, n.º 8 (21 de agosto de 2022): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081274.

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Genotype by environment interaction influences the effectiveness of dairy cattle breeding programs in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the optimization of dairy cattle breeding programs for three different environments within Kenya. Multi-trait selection index theory was applied using deterministic simulation in SelAction software to determine the optimum strategy that would maximize genetic response for dairy cattle under low, medium, and high production systems. Four different breeding strategies were simulated: a single production system breeding program with progeny testing bulls in the high production system environment (HIGH); one joint breeding program with progeny testing bulls in three environments (JOINT); three environment-specific breeding programs each with testing of bulls within each environment (IND); and three environment-specific breeding programs each with testing of bulls within each environment using both phenotypic and genomic information (IND-GS). Breeding strategies were evaluated for the whole industry based on the predicted genetic response weighted by the relative size of each environment. The effect of increasing the size of the nucleus was also evaluated for all four strategies using 500, 1500, 2500, and 3000 cows in the nucleus. Correlated responses in the low and medium production systems when using a HIGH strategy were 18% and 3% lower, respectively, compared to direct responses achieved by progeny testing within each production system. The JOINT strategy with one joint breeding program with bull testing within the three production systems produced the highest response among the strategies using phenotypes only. The IND-GS strategy using phenotypic and genomic information produced extra responses compared to a similar strategy (IND) using phenotypes only, mainly due to a lower generation interval. Going forward, the dairy industry in Kenya would benefit from a breeding strategy involving progeny testing bulls within each production system.

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RAHN, K., S. A. RENWICK, R. P. JOHNSON, J. B. WILSON, R. C. CLARKE, D. ALVES, S. McEWEN, H. LIOR y J. SPIKA. "Persistence of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 in dairy cattle and the dairy farm environment". Epidemiology and Infection 119, n.º 2 (octubre de 1997): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268897007929.

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The persistence of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 in cattle and the farm environment was investigated on eight Ontario dairy farms positive for E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 in a longitudinal study commenced one year previously. Faecal samples from cows, calves, humans, cats, rodents, wild birds, a composite fly sample and numerous composite and individual environmental samples were cultured and tested for verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC). VTEC isolates were serotyped and E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 isolates were phage typed. E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 phage type 34 was isolated from one calf on each of two farms. The same phage type had been isolated on one of these farms 12 months earlier. Most E. coli O157[ratio ]H7-positive animals and farms became culture-negative within 2 and 3 months, respectively. E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 was not isolated from any environmental samples, although evidence of VTEC was found in composite samples from calf feeders (19·1%), calf barn surfaces (18%), cow feeders (14·9%), flies (12·5%), cow barn surfaces (11·3%), and individual milk filters (12·5%). VTEC belonging to 21 non-O157 serotypes were isolated from 24 cows (8·2%), 21 calves (18·3%), 2 cow feeder samples (3·0%), and 1 calf feeder sample (4·8%). Shedding of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 by infected dairy cattle appears to be transient and persistence of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 was not demonstrated from the farm environment sites tested.

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Laslo, É., É. György y M. R. Szentpáli. "Stress response in bacteria originated from dairy products". Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Alimentaria 16, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2023): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausal-2023-0007.

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Abstract In some bacteria, the stress adaptation response, a defence mechanism against low pH, can also induce a number of physiological and genetic resistance mechanisms that provide advantages for bacteria to resist other environmental factors. This phenomenon is called cross-protection, which can potentially have serious consequences for food safety. In some fermented, acidified foods, low pH can provide a favourable environment for the growth of bacteria. Bacteria can adapt to acidic environments and become able to survive various factors that occur during storage and processing such as salt, antibiotics, or technological effects. The microbiota of dairy products includes beneficial microorganisms, spoilage bacteria, and foodborne pathogens. The most common bacteria on various dairy products are Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Bacillus sp. The aim of this research is to determine the resistance of the identified bacteria (16S rDNA-based bacterial identification) to antibiotics and osmotic pressure as a consequence of their possible defence mechanisms adapted to the acidic environment.

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Szczepańska, Agnieszka K., Monika S. Hejnowicz, Piotr Kołakowski y Jacek Bardowski. "Biodiversity of Lactococcus lactis bacteriophages in Polish dairy environment." Acta Biochimica Polonica 54, n.º 1 (9 de marzo de 2007): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2007_3281.

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We present here the results of an exploration of the bacteriophage content of dairy wheys collected from milk plants localized in various regions of Poland. Thirty-three whey samples from 17 regions were analyzed and found to contain phages active against L. lactis strains. High phage titer in all whey samples suggested phage-induced lysis to be the main cause of fermentation failures. In total, over 220 isolated phages were examined for their restriction patterns, genome sizes, genetic groups of DNA homology, and host ranges. Based on DNA digestions the identified phages were classified into 34 distinct DNA restriction groups. Phage genome sizes were estimated at 14-35 kb. Multiplex PCR analysis established that the studied phages belong to two out of the three main lactococcal phage types--c2 and 936, while P335-type phages were not detected. Yet, analyses of bacterial starter strains revealed that the majority of them are lysogenic and carry prophages of P335-type in their chromosome. Phage geographical distribution and host range are additionally discussed.

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Yang, Dong, Meng Zhang, Lin Hua Zhang y Xue Ting Liu. "Large Dairy Farms Biogas Energy Environment Engineering Technology Research". Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (junio de 2014): 2663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2663.

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Abstract: In this paper, according to the domestic large dairy farms waste gas energy environment engineering technology research, forecasts the market application prospect of biogas technology, and analyzes the two kinds of biogas engineering technology characteristics and how to correctly choose the biogas production process.

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Hugo, Celia J., Paul Segers, Bart Hoste, Marc Vancanneyt y Karel Kersters. "Chryseobacterium joostei sp. nov., isolated from the dairy environment". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2003): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02232-0.

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Ueno, Hiroshi, Keiichi Yokota, Takanori Arai, Yasukazu Muramatsu, Hiroyuki Taniyama, Takashi Iida y Chiharu Morita. "The Prevalence ofListeria monocytogenesin the Environment of Dairy Farms". Microbiology and Immunology 40, n.º 2 (febrero de 1996): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1996.tb03326.x.

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Kebreab, Ermias, Kristan F. Reed, Victor E. Cabrera, Peter A. Vadas, Greg Thoma y Juan M. Tricarico. "A new modeling environment for integrated dairy system management". Animal Frontiers 9, n.º 2 (30 de marzo de 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/af/vfz004.

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Kanuya, N., H. Callesen, P. Hyttel, R. Assey y T. Greve. "Superovulatory response of dairy cattle () in a tropical environment". Theriogenology 47, n.º 8 (junio de 1997): 1583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(97)00163-5.

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Yadav, K. Shivalkar. "Extraction of Pigments from Rhodotorula Species of Dairy Environment". Indian Journal of Science and Technology 7, n.º 12 (20 de diciembre de 2014): 1973–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2014/v7i12.28.

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Kanitkar, Ajit. "National Dairy Development Board". Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 21, n.º 2 (abril de 1996): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919960205.

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This case briefly discusses how NDDB came into existence, its role in promoting dairy activities in the country, the new initiatives taken by this institution beyond the dairy sector, and the present scenario under the new economic policies and the political environment in the country. The case also raises a few strategic and other related questions that the organization needs to address. Readers are invited to send their responses on the case to Vikalpa office.

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Cromie, A. R., D. L. Kelleher, F. J. Gordon y M. Rath. "Genotype by environment interaction for milk, fat and protein yield in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle in Ireland". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620059704x.

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The existence of genotype by environment interaction (G*E) can cause a change in the ranking of bulls tested in one environment when their daughters are subsequently milked in another environment. If the degree of re-ranking is large, the genetic correlation between milk production in the two environments will be substantially less than 1.0, with the implication that proofs made in one environment may not be reliable predictors of proofs in the second environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the difference between environments, defined on the basis of herd average milk yield, on the genetic correlation (rg) for milk, fat and protein yield in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle in Ireland.

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Cromie, A. R., D. L. Kelleher, F. J. Gordon y M. Rath. "Genotype by environment interaction for milk, fat and protein yield in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle in Ireland". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600032657.

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The existence of genotype by environment interaction (G*E) can cause a change in the ranking of bulls tested in one environment when their daughters are subsequently milked in another environment. If the degree of re-ranking is large, the genetic correlation between milk production in the two environments will be substantially less than 1.0, with the implication that proofs made in one environment may not be reliable predictors of proofs in the second environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the difference between environments, defined on the basis of herd average milk yield, on the genetic correlation (rg) for milk, fat and protein yield in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle in Ireland.

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Pretheeban, T., M. B. Gordon, R. Singh y R. Rajamahendran. "Comparison of expression levels of candidate genes in endometrium of dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 91, n.º 2 (junio de 2011): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2010-012.

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Pretheeban, T., Gordon, M. B., Singh, R. and Rajamahendran, R. 2011. Comparison of expression levels of candidate genes in endometrium of dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 255–264. Pregnancy rates (PR) in high-producing lactating dairy cows have declined drastically over the past several decades, but those of heifers have remained constant. Reduced PR could be due to multiple causes, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear. A compromised maternal uterine environment could be one of factors that could affect the PR. This study was performed to compare the nature of the uterine environment in dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows (2nd/3rd parity) by analyzing the expression levels of selected endometrial genes. Estrus was synchronized in heifers (n=5) and lactating dairy cows (n=5) and endometrial biopsies were performed during the mid luteal phase (day 11) of the estrous cycle. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyse the mRNA and protein levels of genes respectively. Relative abundance of BCL2, HSPA1A, IL1A, TNF, IGF1, FGF2 and SERPINA14 transcripts and the protein expression of IL1A, TNF and FGF2 were significantly higher in heifers in comparison with lactating dairy cows. Our findings suggest an altered endometrial environment in lactating dairy cows compared with heifers. However, whether these differences play a role in pregnancy outcomes should be further investigated.

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Eteqadi, Bahareh, Seyed A. Rafat, Sadegh Alijani, Sven König y Mehdi Bohlouli. "Genomic evaluation of binary traits in dairy cattle by considering genotype × environment interactions". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 20, n.º 1 (marzo de 2022): e0401-e0401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022201-17417.

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Aim of study: To assess genotype by environment (G×E) interaction via single- and multi-trait animal models for binary traits in dairy cattle. Area of study: University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Material and methods: Phenotypic and genomic data were simulated considering a binary trait in four environments as different correlated traits. Heritabilities of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 were considered to mimic the genetic variation of the binary trait in different environments. Eight scenarios resulted from combining the number of QTLs (60 or 300), LD level (high or low), and incidence of the binary trait (10% or 30%) were simulated to compare the accuracy of predictions. For all scenarios, 1667 markers per chromosome (depicting a 50K SNP chip) were randomly spaced over 30 chromosomes. Multi-trait animal models were applied to take account of G×E interaction and to predict the genomic breeding value in different environments. Prediction accuracies obtained from the single- and multi-trait animal models were compared. Main results: In the models with G×E interaction, the largest accuracy of 0.401 was obtained in high LD scenario with 60 QTLs, and incidence of 30% for the fourth environment. The lowest accuracy of 0.190 was achieved in low LD scenario with 300 QTLs and incidence of 10% for the first environment. Research highlights: Genomic selection with high prediction accuracy can be possible by considering the G×E interaction during the genetic improvement programs in dairy cattle

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A., Marzouk, Ashoub M.A., Metawea F., Azam S. y Mansour H. "Persistence of deltamethrin and diazinon in environment of dairy farm". Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 30, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2016): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bvmj.2016.31370.

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32

Konkina, Vera y Alexey Martynushkin. "Forecasting the size of the dairy market in anylogic environment". E3S Web of Conferences 282 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128201002.

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The current situation at the market for food and agricultural raw materials is difficult, and critical for some industries. The processes of import substitution, that is, shaking-out imported products from the markets and the growth of domestic production, have significant differences for segments of the food market. There was a significant differentiation of food markets in the following main indicators: the growth rate of domestic production, the share of imports in resources, the share of exports in production, and the amount of state support. However, 2020 showed that the course taken by the Government and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation for import substitution was not fully implemented, and a large share of products is imported from third countries that were not included in the sanctions list. Economic and mathematical modeling can partially solve this problem. Analysis of scientific literature on modeling the equilibrium at agri-food markets showed the absence of any actual domestic development. The most famous foreign conceptual models dated back to 1990-2000. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank have developed such general and private equilibrium models as RUNS (Rural-Urban North South), MRT (Regional Trade MRT, Harrison), AGLINK COSIMO, etc. These recursive-dynamic models make it possible to determine the equilibrium parameters for the main types of products for almost all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation and all agricultural markets. However, the introduction of sanctions has stopped work in this direction.

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Kolstrup, Christina, Peter Lundqvist y Stefan Pinzke. "Psychosocial Work Environment Among Employed Swedish Dairy and Pig Farmworkers". Journal of Agromedicine 13, n.º 1 (27 de junio de 2008): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10599240801986157.

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Atkinson, Simon. "Veolia helps UK dairy reduce its impact on the environment". Membrane Technology 2018, n.º 1 (enero de 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-2118(18)30016-8.

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Pearman, Miriam E. y Hirofumi Tanaka. "Dairy: A lower percent investment in the volatile hypertensive environment". World Journal of Hypertension 5, n.º 3 (2015): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5494/wjh.v5.i3.104.

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36

Breen, James. "Dry cow environment management and mastitis control in dairy herds". Livestock 25, n.º 5 (2 de septiembre de 2020): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2020.25.5.210.

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Advice regarding the management and importance of the dry cow environment can be difficult to offer in many dairy herds for several reasons. These may include a perception that dry cow therapy (both internal teat sealant and antibiotic) is extremely effective at preventing infection, a lack of milk recording and/or mastitis data to enable analysis of mastitis epidemiology, suboptimal housing, a fundamental lack of focus on the dry period in favour of continued focus on milking hygiene and lactating cow management, or a combination of several of these reasons. However, for many herds that struggle to control mastitis, improving the dry cow environment will pay huge dividends in terms of reducing dry period new infection and improving apparent dry period cure rate. This article sets out those areas of dry cow environment management which appear particularly important for herds and their veterinary advisors to consider, and gives examples of improved control of mastitis following dry cow interventions for a spring calving, autumn calving and all year round calving herd.

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Kumari, Sarita y Prabir K. Sarkar. "Bacillus cereus hazard and control in industrial dairy processing environment". Food Control 69 (noviembre de 2016): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.012.

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Woudstra, Svenja, Anneke Lücken, Nicole Wente, Yanchao Zhang, Stefanie Leimbach, Maya Katrin Gussmann, Carsten Kirkeby y Volker Krömker. "Reservoirs of Corynebacterium spp. in the Environment of Dairy Cows". Pathogens 12, n.º 1 (13 de enero de 2023): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010139.

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Although Corynebacterium spp. can be regularly associated with subclinical and clinical mastitis cases in dairy cows, knowledge on their reservoirs in dairy farms is sparse. Therefore, samples were collected at 10 visits with 14 day intervals from bedding material (n = 50), drinking troughs (n = 20), different walking areas (n = 60), cow brushes (n = 8), fly traps (n = 4), the passage to pasture (n = 9) as well as milking liners (n = 80) and milker gloves (n = 20) in one dairy cow farm. Additionally, quarter foremilk samples from all lactating cows (approximately 200) were collected at each visit. All samples underwent microbiological examination and cultured isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Most Corynebacterium spp. that were cultivated from milk were also isolated from the housing environment and milking-related niches (C. amycolatum, C. confusum, C. stationis, C. variabile, C. xerosis) or from milking-related niches only (C. frankenforstense, C. pilosum, C. suicordis). C. bovis was not cultivated from any environmental niche, while being the dominant species in milk samples. This study demonstrates that many Corynebacterium spp. present in milk samples can also be isolated from the cows’ environment. For C. bovis, the most relevant Corynebacterium species with regard to intramammary infections, it indicates that environmental reservoirs are of little relevance.

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Maltseva, Olga Nikolaevna y Aysilu Ayratovna Islamova. "Microbiological monitoring of the production environment at the Birsk Dairy Plant". Samara Journal of Science 9, n.º 4 (30 de noviembre de 2020): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202094115.

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This paper discusses the state of the production environment at the Birsk dairy plant. Milk and dairy products are one of the main human food products, and should be safe for microbiological indicators. Monitoring of the production environment was carried out to prevent secondary contamination of food with pathogenic microflora. The main methods of microbiological control in the production of dairy products that were used for the study are described. The paper presents the results of the sanitary and hygienic state of the air environment and drinking water of centralized water supply. Microbiological industrial monitoring of air and drinking water was carried out 4 times a year in the period from November 15 2019 to July 9 2020. 6 production facilities were selected for the study. During monitoring, microbiological parameters of the air environment were determined: NMAFAM (the number of mesophilic anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms), mold fungi and yeast. Microbiological parameters were determined in drinking water: total microbial number, total coliform bacteria, and thermotolerant coliform bacteria. The results of the analysis showed that the state of the production environment complies with all established norms and rules, and it is safe to produce dairy products in these conditions.

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Hanson, Nicole I., Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, Marla E. Eisenberg, Mary Story y Melanie Wall. "Associations between parental report of the home food environment and adolescent intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods". Public Health Nutrition 8, n.º 1 (febrero de 2005): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004661.

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Abstract:Objective:This study examines parental report of household food availability, parent dietary intake and associations with adolescent intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods.Design:Cross-sectional study. Adolescents completed the Project EAT survey and the Youth Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire at school. Parents of adolescents were interviewed by telephone about the home food environment, eating habits and weight-related behaviours. General linear modelling was used to compare dietary intakes of adolescents across different levels of household food availability and parental intakes.Subjects/setting:The study sample included 902 adolescents and their parent or guardian.Results:Many parents were not consuming the minimum number of daily recommended fruit (44.5%), vegetable (69.9%) or dairy (46.9%) servings. While most parents reported that fruits and vegetables were available at home (90.3%) and vegetables were usually served at dinner (87.0%), fewer parents reported milk was served at meals (66.6%). Soft drinks were usually available at home (56.8%). Among girls, household availability was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (ttrend= 2.70,P< 0.01) and soft drink availability was inversely associated with dairy intake (ttrend= 2.08,P= 0.04). Among boys, serving milk at meals was positively associated with dairy intake (ttrend= 3.65,P< 0.01). Parental intakes were positively associated with dairy intake for boys (ttrend= 2.04,P= 0.04), and with dairy (ttrend= 2.43,P= 0.01), vegetable (ttrend= 3.72,P< 0.01) and fruit (ttrend= 3.17,P< 0.01) intakes for girls.Conclusions/applications:Interventions designed to help adolescents improve consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods may be enhanced by including a parental component aimed at increasing household availability and parents' intake of healthful food choices.

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Reichenbach, Marion, Ana Pinto, Sven König, Raghavendra Bhatta y Eva Schlecht. "Dairy production in an urbanizing environment—Typology and linkages in the megacity of Bengaluru, India". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 8 (12 de agosto de 2021): e0255791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255791.

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Urbanization is a main driver of agricultural transition in the Global South but how it shapes trends of intensification or extensification is not yet well understood. The Indian megacity of Bengaluru combines rapid urbanization with a high demand for dairy products, which is partly supplied by urban and peri-urban dairy producers. To study the impacts of urbanization on dairy production and to identify key features of dairy production systems across Bengaluru’s rural-urban interface, 337 dairy producers were surveyed on the socio-economic profile of their household, their dairy herd and management, resources availability and, in- and output markets. A two-step cluster analysis identified four spatially explicit dairy production systems based on urbanization level of their neighborhood, reliance on self-cultivated forages, pasture use, cattle in- and outflow and share of specialized dairy genotypes. The most extensive dairy production system, common to the whole rural-urban interface, utilized publicly available feed resources and pasture grounds rather than to cultivate forages. In rural areas, two semi-intensive and one intensive dairy production systems relying on self-cultivation of forage with or without pasture further distinguished themselves by their herd and breeding management. In rural areas, the village’s dairy cooperative, which also provided access to inputs such as exotic genotype through artificial insemination, concentrate feeds and health care, was often the only marketing channel available to dairy producers, irrespective of the dairy production system to which they belonged. In urban areas, milk was mostly sold through direct marketing or a middleman. Despite rapidly progressing urbanization and a population of 10 million, Bengaluru’s dairy sector still relies on small-scale family dairy farms. Shifts in resources availability, such as land and labor, are potential drivers of market-oriented intensification but also extensification of dairy production in an urbanizing environment.

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Rud, Ekaterina N., Elena V. Kuzminova, Marina P. Semenenko, Andrey A. Abramov y Nikolay A. Rud. "Heat stress problem in dairy farming". Veterinaria Kubani, n.º 3 (27 de julio de 2020): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33861/2071-8020-2020-3-10-11.

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In the context of the industrial survival of animal husbandry, taking into account the climatic characteristics of Krasnodar region, climate is considered as a heat stress, the result of an imbalance between the intake of heat from the environment and its release by the body. To assess the risks of occurrence and severity of heat stress in cattle, it is necessary to take into account not only the ambient temperature, but also humidity indicators. The temperature and humidity index provides for these two variables and allows us to assess the need for cooling of animals. The article provides information on the possibilities of occurrence and impact of heat stress due to the temperature-humidity state of the environment. Analysis of the reporting data of the Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region and the number of industries in Krasnodar region and cattle sampling rates from 2017 to 2019 demonstrates an increase in the number of abortions and youth losses during the third quarter when the temperature of the environment reaches its maximum. With this in mind, to increase the adaptability of animals under prolonged heat stress, it is necessary to regularly monitor the environmental parameters (use of thermometers and hygrometers to assess the temperature and humidity index), as well as plan protective measures (adapted feeding technology, specialized additives, good bulky feed), which will help to minimize the negative impact of hyperthermia on the economy of livestock production.

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Quintana, Álvaro Rafael, Susana Seseña, Ana Garzón y Ramón Arias. "Factors Affecting Levels of Airborne Bacteria in Dairy Farms: A Review". Animals 10, n.º 3 (21 de marzo de 2020): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030526.

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This review attempts to reflect the importance of different factors that affect the environmental quality of dairy farms and must, therefore, be taken into account when considering the importance of environmental microbiology as a tool in the improvement of the quality of milk and dairy products. The effect of a factor such as temperature is vital for the dairy farm environment, especially when the temperatures are extreme, because a proper choice of temperature range improves the quality of the air and, thus, animal welfare. Similarly, the appropriate level of relative humidity in the environment should be taken into consideration to avoid the proliferation of microorganisms on the farm. Air quality, well-designed livestock housing, proper hygienic practices on the farm, stocking density, and the materials used in the livestock houses are all important factors in the concentration of microorganisms in the environment, promoting better welfare for the animals. In addition, a ventilation system is required to prevent the pollution of the farm environment. It is demonstrated that proper ventilation reduces the microbial load of the environment of dairy farms, enhancing the quality of the air and, therefore, the wellbeing of the animals. All this information is very useful to establish certain standards on dairy farms to improve the quality of the environment and, thereby, achieve better quality milk and dairy products.

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Wilson, D. J., J. H. Kirk, R. D. Walker y Q. W. Bosworth. "Serratia marcescens mastitis in a dairy herd". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196, n.º 7 (1 de abril de 1990): 1102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1990.196.07.1102.

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Summary Serratia marcescens caused clinical mastitis in 5 cows and nonclinical mastitis in 21 cows of a 190-cow herd. Repeated bacteriologic culture of specimens from the cows, postmilking teat dip, environment, and equipment was performed. Serratia marcescens was not isolated from the dip, environment, or equipment. Progress of the infection in cows was monitored for 10 months. Some cows remained infected with S marcescens for at least 10 months. Economic loss estimates were based on Dairy Herd Improvement Association linear score reports. The average nonclinical loss was about $22/cow.

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Stobnicka, Agata. "Harmful biological agents in the working environment of dairy plant workers". Occupational Safety – Science and Practice 559, n.º 4 (18 de abril de 2018): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7568.

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Occupational hazards for dairy plant workers include contact with bioaerosols emitted during the production process, contact with raw milk, or with animals in the case of small home-based milk processing plants. Dairy plant workers can be exposed to biological agents, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, which are responsible for various diseases and adverse health outcomes. Therefore, reliable risk assessment and appropriate preventive measures are key to occupational hazard prevention among this group of workers.

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AKHMEDYAROV, Yerbol, Nurlan KURMANOV, Mariana PETROVA, Saule ISKENDIROVA, Indira ASHIMOVA y Gulzira АKZHANOVA. "A Sustainable Dairy Industry in Kazakhstan. Enterprises’ Insights Upon Environment Management and Innovation". Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 14, n.º 3 (2 de junio de 2023): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.3(67).23.

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This research paper debates some issues concerning a sustainable dairy industry in Kazakhstan in straight relation with environment management and innovation management. The qualitative and quantitative growth of the dairy industry, the production of milk and dairy products, increasing the profitability of production is based on the active use of the innovative component. Environmental factors and other issues as profitability decrease of production, the risks of not mastering innovations make this industry subsidized and unattractive for attracting investment. In order to assure the sustainable functioning of the dairy industry, mechanisms are needed to improve the implementation of priority areas for its innovative development, to ensure a decrease in the volume of imports of dairy products. The active use of environmentally friendly technologies that reduce the negative impact on soil and water, as well as technologies and infrastructure for the disposal of animal by-products, should become the basis for the sustainable development of the dairy industry.

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Et. al., Rolan J. Malvar. "Profit Maximization of Magdalena Dairy Raisers Association’s Dairy Products in Magdalena, Laguna". Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, n.º 3 (10 de abril de 2021): 5460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2203.

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This research demonstrates the use of linear programming in maximizing the proﬁt. It applies the concept of simplex method; a method in linear programming to solve industrial problems that aims to maximize the proﬁt. The Magdalena Dairy Raisers Association specializes in production of dairy products. Three different varieties of dairy products were observed. The data was simulated using MATLAB; a fourth-generation programming language and numerical analysis environment that creates data visualization and user interfaces (UI), calculates matrices, and develops and runs algorithms. The results show that using the Linear Programming Model, we obtain the total revenue of each dairy product with an increase of 108.17% for Fresh Milk, 12.10% for Choco Milk, and 35.95% for Milk O Jel from their previous revenue. As a result, we achieved our goal to maximize the net proﬁt with a total increase of 151.16%..

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48

SAUNDERS, CAROLINE y SELIM CAGATAY. "TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF GLOBAL DAIRY TRADE LIBERALISATION". Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 06, n.º 03 (septiembre de 2004): 339–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333204001766.

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This paper presents a partial equilibrium model of dairy sector international trade which has been extended to include physical dairy production systems and their effect on water quality. This combined model, LTEM (Lincoln Trade and Environment Model), is then used to simulate the effects of liberalisation policies on trade flows, dairy production systems and groundwater nitrate levels across different countries. The results show expected variation in price and production impacts, but also varying effects on groundwater quality between and within countries. More specifically, whilst liberalisation lowers dairy production in the EU and reduces the EU nitrate pollution slightly, the balancing production increases elsewhere lead to marginally higher pollution in other countries. This is of policy relevance given contemporary debates about the likely net environmental effect of further trade liberalisation.

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Holmes, C. W. "Genotype X environment interactions in dairy cattle: a New Zealand perspective". BSAP Occasional Publication 19 (1995): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00031797.

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AbstractIn recent genotype X environment studies between New Zealand and Canada, yields of fat and protein from Holstein Friesian (HF) cows were similar for daughters of sires from both countries, but Canadian daughters produced larger volumes of milk (6500 kg v. 3300 kg) and were taller. There was no interaction between the sire's national strain and the daughter's environment but there was a significant interaction between-individual sires within-strain and the daughter's environment so that the correlations between the sire proofs in the two countries were approximately half of the expected values.In New Zealand, milk production by cows of high or low genetic merit has been found to be affected similarly by differences in stocking rate, level of feeding and body condition at calving, providing no evidence of a large genotype X management interaction, although there is some evidence of an interaction between the effects of breed size and feeding, with smaller breeds being affected less severely by lower feeding level and clear evidence of genotype by milking management interactions. Over the past 40 years the need for pre-milking stimulation in New Zealand cows has been reduced or eliminated by inadvertent selection. Other recent evidence suggests that progress for genetic tolerance to once-daily milking may be possible.It can be concluded that interactions between group-average genotype and nutritional environment are not likely to have important effects on milk solid yields, at least within the HF breed, within the range of conditions normally found in temperate dairy systems, and provided that the environment is imposed from birth. However, there are likely to be significant interactions between the genotype of individual sires and environment and thus appropriate assessment and ranking of sires in each environment is essential.

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Kumar, Sandeep, Ebenezer Jeyakymar, Rubina Lawrence, Utkarsh Singh Rathore y Monika Mishra. "Screening of Antimicrobial Spectrum of Brevibacillus sp. Isolated from Dairy Environment". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, n.º 05 (10 de mayo de 2018): 850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.104.

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