Tesis: "DAG task"

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VERUCCHI, MICAELA. "Analisi esaustiva di DAG task: soluzioni per moderni sistemi real-time embedded". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1237396.

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I moderni sistemi cyber-fisici embedded integrano diverse funzionalità complesse che sono soggette a stringenti vincoli temporali. Purtroppo, i tradizionali modelli di task sequenziali e le soluzioni per uniprocessori non possono essere applicati in questo contesto: diventa necessario un modello più espressivo. In questo scenario, il Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) è un modello adatto a esprimere la complessità e il parallelismo dei task di questo tipo di sistemi. Negli ultimi anni sono stati proposti diversi metodi, con diverse configurazioni, per risolvere il problema della schedulabilità di applicazioni con DAG tasks. Tuttavia, rimangono ancora molti problemi aperti. Oltre alla schedulabilità, aspetti come la freschezza dei dati o la reazione a un evento sono cruciali per le prestazioni di questo tipo di sistemi. Per esempio, una tipica applicazione nel campo automobilistico è costituita dal rilevamento dell'ambiente, dalla pianificazione e dall'attuazione basata sui dati elaborati. La latenza del controllo end-to-end è quindi decisiva, e può diventare molto complicata in scenari reali. Questa tesi rappresenta uno sforzo in entrambe le direzioni: (i) la schedulabilità di DAG tasks su un multiprocessore, e (ii) la supervisione della latenza end-to-end per task a multi-frequenza. Per il primo problema, viene presentata un'indagine sullo stato dell'arte del modello di task a grafico aciclico diretto, con particolare attenzione ai test più efficaci, facili da implementare e da adottare. Per quanto riguarda il secondo, viene proposto un metodo per convertire un task-set di DAG a multi-frequenza con vincoli temporali in un DAG a singola frequenza che ottimizza la schedulabilità e la latenza end-to-end.
Modern cyber-physical embedded systems integrate several complex functionalities that are subject to tight timing constraints. Unfortunately, traditional sequential task models and uniprocessors solutions can not be applied in this context: a more expressive model becomes necessary. In this scenario, the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is a suitable model to express the complexity and the parallelism of the tasks of these kinds of systems. In recent years, several methods with different settings have been proposed to solve the schedulability problem for applications featuring DAG tasks. However, there are still many open problems left. Besides schedulability, aspects like the freshness of data or reaction to an event are crucial for the performance of those kind of systems. For example, a typical application in the automotive field is composed of sensing the environment, planning, and actuate consequently to the elaborated data. Control end-to-end latency is then decisive, and it can get very complicated in real scenarios. This thesis represents an effort in both directions: (i) the schedulability of a DAG task on a multiprocessor, and (ii) the supervision of end-to-end latency for multi-rate tasks. For the former problem, a survey of the state-of-the-art of the Directed Acyclic Graph task model is presented, with a focus on scheduling tests that are more effective, easy to implement, and adopt. Regarding the latter, a method is proposed to convert a multi-rate DAG task-set with timing constraints into a single-rate DAG that optimizes schedulability, age, and reaction latency.

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2

Chieregato, Federico. "Modelling task execution time in Directed Acyclic Graphs for efficient distributed management". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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In this thesis, has been shown a framework that predicts the execution time of tasks in Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG), each task is the smallest unit of work that executes a function over a set of inputs and in this scenario represents a vertex in a DAG. This thesis includes an implementation for extracting profiling information from Apache Spark, as well, an evaluation of the framework for the Spark decision support benchmark TPC-DS and an in-house and completely different DAG runtime system for real-world DAGS, involving computational quantum chemistry applications. Speeding up the execution in Spark or other workflows is an important problem for many real-time applications; since it is impractical to generate a predictive model that considers the actual values of the inputs to tasks, has been explored the use of Surrogates as the number of parents and the mean parent duration of a task. For this reason, this solution takes the name of PRODIGIOUS, Performance modelling of DAGs via surrogate features. Since the duration of the tasks is a float value, have been studied different regression algorithms, tuning the Hyperparameters through GridSearchCV. The main objective of PRODIGIOUS concern, not only to understand if the use of surrogates instead of actual inputs is enough to predict the execution time of tasks of the same DAG type, but also if it is possible to predict the execution time of tasks of different DAG type creating so a DAG agnostic framework that could help scientist and computer engineer making more efficient their workflow. Others agnostic feature chosen were, the core for each task, the RAM of the benchmark, the data access type, and the number of executors.

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Mazouzi, Houssemeddine. "Algorithmes pour le déchargement de tâches sur serveurs de périphérie". Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131076.

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Le déchargement de calculs est l’une des solutions les plus prometteuses pour surmonter le manque d e ressources au niveau des terminaux mobiles. Elle permet l’exécution d’une partie ou de la totalité d’une application mobile dans le cloud. L’objectif est d’améliorer les temps d’exécution et de réduire la consommation énergétique. Malheureusement, le cloud est généralement éloignés des équipements terminaux. Ce qui rend cette approche souffrir de délais importants et fluctuants. Cela est particulièrement problématique pour certaines applications pour lesquelles un temps de réponse réduit est nécessaire. Pour réduire ce délai d’accès, l’une des approches émergentes est de pousser le Cloud vers la bordure du réseau. Cette proximité permet aux applications mobiles de décharger leurs tâches et données vers un Cloud “local” ou “Edge Cloud”.Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur le déchargement de calculs dans une architecture de type mobiles (Mobile Edge Computing – MEC), composée de plusieurs serveurs de périphérie. Notre objectif est d’explorer de nouvelles stratégies de déchargement efficaces afin d’améliorer les performances des applications tant du point de vue délais de calcul que consommation énergétique, tout en garantissant les contraintes de temps d’exécution des applications. Notre première contribution est une nouvelle stratégie de déchargement sur plusieurs serveurs de périphérie. Nous proposons par la suite une extension de cette stratégie en incluant également le Cloud. Nous évaluons ces stratégies tant du point de vue théorique que pratique avec l’implémentation d’un middleware de déchargement. Finalement, nous proposons une nouvelle approche élastique dans le cas d’applications multitâches caractérisées par un graphe de dépendances entre les tâches
Computation offloading is one of the most promising paradigm to overcome the lack of computational resources in mobile devices. Basically, it allows the execution of part orall of a mobile application in the cloud. The main objective is to reduce both execution time and energy consumption for the mobile terminals. Unfortunately, even if clouds have rich computing and storage resources, they are usually geographically far from mobile applications and may suffer from large delays, which is particularly problematic for mobile applications with small response time requirements. To reduce this long delay, one of the emerging approach is to push the cloud to the network edge. This proximity gives the opportunity to mobile users to offload their tasks to “local” cloud for processing. An Edge Cloud can be seen as small data center acting as a shadow image of larger data centers. This geographical proximity between mobile applications and edge cloud means that the access delay can be greatly reduced, but affects also higher throughput, improved responsiveness and better scalability. In this thesis, we focus on computation offloading in mobile environment (Mobile Edge Computing - MEC), composed of several edge servers. Our goal is to explore new and effective offloading strategies to improve applications performances in both execution time and energy consumption, while ensuring application requirements. Our first contribution is a new offloading strategy in the case of multiple edge servers. Thenwe extend this strategy to include the Cloud. Both strategies have been evaluated theoretically and experimentally by the implementation of an offloading middleware. Finally, we propose a new elastic approach in the case of multitasking applications characterized by a graph of dependencies between tasks

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Ben, Amor Slim. "Ordonnancement des tâches avec des dépendances et des temps d’exécution probabilistes sur processeur multi-cœurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS188.

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L'intégration de nouvelles fonctionnalités augmente la complexité des systèmes temps réel , alors que chaque fonctionnalité peut imposer des contraintes de précédences entre les tâches. De plus, la prévalence des multicœurs peut créer l'illusion d'une capacité de calcul élevée. Cependant, cette capacité n'est pas exploitable dans les systèmes critiques en raison de la variabilité des temps d'exécution causé par les nouvelles architecture matérielle qui améliorent le comportement moyen mais pas le pire cas. Cette difficulté s'ajoute à l'existence d'anomalies d'ordonnancement pour les systèmes multicœurs. Dans cette thèse, nous considérons l'ordonnancement partitionné des graphes de précédence. La variabilité des temps d'exécution est décrite par des distributions de probabilité. Nous proposons une Analyse des Temps de Réponse (ATR) basée sur des équations itératives et des opérateurs probabilistes pour des distributions indépendantes. Pour les distributions dépendantes, nous les modélisons par des réseau bayésien. Nous utilisons également la représentation de C-espace et la classification SVM pour estimer la probabilité d'ordonnancabilité. De plus, nous fournissons des techniques de partitionnement et définition des priorités de manière à augmenter le parallélisme. Nous réduisons aussi la complexité de l'analyse en réduisant la taille du graphe sans modifier sa structure
The continuous integration of new functionality increases the complexity of embedded systems, while each functionality might impose precedence constraints between the programs fulfilling it. In addition, the prevalence of several processors may create the illusion of higher computation capacity easing the associated scheduling problem. However, this capacity is not exploitable in critical real time systems because of the increased variability of the execution times due to processor features designed to provide excellent average time behavior and not necessarily ensuring small worst case bounds. This difficulty is added to the existence of scheduling anomalies when the systems are built a top of multi-core processors. In this thesis, we consider partitioned scheduling of DAG tasks defining precedence constraints. The variability of execution times is described by probability distributions. We propose a Response Time Analysis (RTA) based on iterative equations and probabilistic operators for independent distributions. For dependent distributions, we model them using Bayesian network. We also use C-space representation combined with SVM classification to estimate the schedulability probability. Moreover, we provide techniques to define priority and sub-task partitioning in a way to increase parallelism. We also decrease analysis complexity by reducing size of graph without altering the precedence structures

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Qamhieh, Manar. "Scheduling of parallel real-time DAG tasks on multiprocessor systems". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1030/document.

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Les applications temps réel durs sont celles qui doivent exécuter en respectant des contraintes temporelles. L'ordonnancement temps réel a bien été étudié sur mono-processeurs depuis plusieurs années. Récemment, l'utilisation d'architectures multiprocesseurs a augmenté dans les applications industrielles et des architectures parallèles sont proposées pour que le logiciel devienne compatible avec ces plateformes. L'ordonnancement multiprocesseurs de tâches parallèles dépendantes n'est pas une simple généralisation du cas mono-processeur et la problématique d'ordonnancement devient plus complexe et difficile. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le problème d'ordonnancement temps réel de graphes de tâches parallèles acycliques sur des plateformes multiprocesseurs. Dans ce modèle, un graphe est composé d'un ensemble de sous-tâches dépendantes sous contraintes de précédence qui expriment les relations de précédences entre les sous-tâches. L'ordre d'exécution des sous-tâches est dynamique, c'est-à-dire que les sous-tâches peuvent s'exécuter en parallèle ou séquentiellement par rapport aux décisions de l'ordonnanceur temps réel. Pour traiter les contraintes de précédence, nous proposons deux méthodes pour l'ordonnancement des graphes : par transformation du modèle de graphe de sous tâches parallèles en un modèle de tâches séquentielles indépendantes, plus simple à ordonnancer et par ordonnancement direct des graphes en prenant en compte les relations de dépendance entre les sous-tâches. Nous proposons un ordonnancement des graphes en prenant directement en compte les paramètres temporels des graphes et un ordonnancement au niveau des sous-tâches, par rapport à des paramètres temporels attribués aux sous-tâches par un algorithme spécifique. Enfin, nous prouvons que les deux méthodes d'ordonnancement de graphes ne sont pas comparables. Nous fournissons alors des résultats de simulation pour comparer ces méthodes en utilisant les algorithmes d'ordonnancement globaux EDF et DM. Nous avons développé un logiciel nommé YARTISS pour générer des graphes aléatoires et réaliser les simulations
The interest for multiprocessor systems has recently been increased in industrial applications, and parallel programming API's have been introduced to benefit from new processing capabilities. The use of multiprocessors for real-time systems, whose execution is performed based on certain temporal constraints is now investigated by the industry. Real-time scheduling problem becomes more complex and challenging in that context. In multiprocessor systems, a hard real-time scheduler is responsible for allocating ready jobs to available processors of the systems while respecting their timing parameters. In this thesis, we study the problem of real-time scheduling of parallel Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) tasks on homogeneous multiprocessor systems. In this model, a DAG task consists of a set of subtasks that execute under precedence constraints. At all times, the real-time scheduler is responsible for determining how subtasks execute, either sequentially or in parallel, based on the available processors of the system. We propose two DAG scheduling approaches to determine the execution form of DAG tasks. The first approach is the DAG Stretching algorithm, from the Model Transformation approach, which forces DAG tasks to execute as sequentially as possible. The second approach is the Direct Scheduling, which aims at scheduling DAG tasks while respecting their internal dependencies. We provide real-time schedulability analyses for Direct Scheduling at DAG-Level and at Subtask-Level. Due to the incomparability of DAG scheduling approaches, we use extensive simulations to compare performance of global EDF with global DM scheduling using our simulation tool YARTISS

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Stutzman, Rick Lloyd. "A cross-validation study of Das's simultaneous-successive-planning model /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266362338663.

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Meisner, Tomáš. "Integrace dat a možnosti automatického zpracování úloh". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9918.

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This diploma thesis deals with automatic task processing, especially with automatic processing of forms on web pages. The thesis throws light on the theoretical and practical matter. At the beginning of this thesis are described the reasons, why this topic were chosen. Also there are mentioned the possible uses of application, realized on this principles. Foremost simplification of retrieval of data with standardized (but general) format from common users, which could be used for data mining process. For creating this kind of application is described concepts of its implementation, including description of problematic parts and their possible solution. In this part is mentioned algorithm, which deals with security limitation of current web browsers -- so-called cross-site scripting. One part of this thesis is description of current commercial and non-commercial solutions, which at least partly fulfills the demands of the application. At the conclusion is analyzed functionality of created application and proposed advancements and improvements for creating new versions of application

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Waldenvik, Caroline. "En dag av språkstimulering". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-34677.

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En oro för svenska elevers sjunkande skolresultat har gjorts gällande. Då grunden för läsning läggs i förskolan har förtydliganden av mål och riktlinjer för barns språkliga utveckling gjorts i den nyligen reviderade läroplanen för förskolan. Förskolans uppdrag är att varje barns språkutveckling skall stimuleras i verksamheten utifrån deras olika förutsättningar och behov. Mot bakgrund av detta har jag genomfört en kvalitativ studie kring hur den sociala och fysiska språkmiljön kan se ut kring ett enskilt barn under en dag i förskolan verksamhet, samt hur och när dennes språkutveckling då stimuleras. Empirin har samlats in via observationer och har sedan analyserats utifrån aktuell forskning på området med avstamp i Vygotskijs sociokulturella teori kring barns kognitiva utveckling. Någon konkret språklig stimulans utifrån den fysiska språkmiljön går av resultatet inte att påvisa. Den sociala språkmiljön kring barnet har under dagen för studien utgjorts av samtal, fri lek, högläsning och TAKK (tecken som alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation). Stimulans av så väl fonologiska, semantiska, grammatiska som pragmatiska aspekter av barnets språkutveckling går under dagen att utläsa. Undersökningens resultat visar på att enskilda barns språkliga stimulans till stor del är beroende av kompetenta och engagerade vuxna med förmåga att tillsammans med barnen skapa lustfyllda och kreativa miljöer.

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Grepl, Filip. "Aplikace pro řízení paralelního zpracování dat". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445490.

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This work deals with the design and implementation of a system for parallel execution of tasks in the Knowledge Technology Research Group. The goal is to create a web application that allows to control their processing and monitor runs of these tasks including the use of system resources. The work first analyzes the current method of parallel data processing and the shortcomings of this solution. Then the work describes the existing tools including the problems that their test deployment revealed. Based on this knowledge, the requirements for a new application are defined and the design of the entire system is created. After that the selected parts of implementation and the way of the whole system testing is described together with the comparison of the efficiency with the original system.

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Ross, Alleyne Patricia. "Individual Differences in Preschool Aged Children's Inhibitory Control: Adding Borders to the Day/Night Task". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78096.

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Inhibitory control is vital to typical development and matures rapidly throughout early childhood. Inhibitory control deficits are seen in both autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and, along with other executive functions, inhibitory control contributes to school success. The tasks used to measure and stress these skills in children have not been fully explored. Even given the cognitive development levels of young children, the current inhibitory control tasks for preschoolers are not completely comparable to the tasks used with adults. For my thesis study, I added a mixed condition to the day/night inhibitory control task in preschool children using methodological design features from the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) Task. This addition allowed the day/night task to serve as a better analogue to the Stroop task, which is an inhibitory control task commonly used with adults. In addition, electroencephalogram (EEG) illuminated the neural patterns of the task in children at age four. This study demonstrated that the borders condition of the day/night task is an appropriate executive function task that can be used with preschool aged children.
Master of Science

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Nellen, Stefani. "How humans solve scheduling problems analysis of human behavior in the plan-a-day task /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9918630.

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Meinel, Christoph y Christian Willems. "openHPI : das MOOC-Angebot des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts". Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6680/.

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Die neue interaktive Online-Bildungsplattform openHPI (https://openHPI.de) des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts (HPI) bietet frei zugängliche und kostenlose Onlinekurse für interessierte Teilnehmer an, die sich mit Inhalten aus dem Bereich der Informationstechnologien und Informatik beschäftige¬n. Wie die seit 2011 zunächst von der Stanford University, später aber auch von anderen Elite-Universitäten der USA angeboten „Massive Open Online Courses“, kurz MOOCs genannt, bietet openHPI im Internet Lernvideos und weiterführenden Lesestoff in einer Kombination mit lernunterstützenden Selbsttests, Hausaufgaben und einem sozialen Diskussionsforum an und stimuliert die Ausbildung einer das Lernen fördernden virtuellen Lerngemeinschaft. Im Unterschied zu „traditionellen“ Vorlesungsportalen, wie z.B. dem tele-TASK Portal (http://www.tele-task.de), bei dem multimedial aufgezeichnete Vorlesungen zum Abruf bereit gestellt werden, bietet openHPI didaktisch aufbereitete Onlinekurse an. Diese haben einen festen Starttermin und bieten dann in einem austarierten Zeitplan von sechs aufeinanderfolgenden Kurswochen multimedial aufbereitete und wann immer möglich interaktive Lehrmaterialien. In jeder Woche wird ein Kapitel des Kursthemas behandelt. Dazu werden zu Wochenbeginn eine Reihe von Lehrvideos, Texten, Selbsttests und ein Hausaufgabenblatt bereitgestellt, mit denen sich die Kursteilnehmer in dieser Woche beschäftigen. Kombiniert sind die Angebote mit einer sozialen Diskussionsplattform, auf der sich die Teilnehmer mit den Kursbetreuern und anderen Teilnehmern austauschen, Fragen klären und weiterführende Themen diskutieren können. Natürlich entscheiden die Teilnehmer selbst über Art und Umfang ihrer Lernaktivitäten. Sie können in den Kurs eigene Beiträge einbringen, zum Beispiel durch Blogposts oder Tweets, auf die sie im Forum verweisen. Andere Lernende können diese dann kommentieren, diskutieren oder ihrerseits erweitern. Auf diese Weise werden die Lernenden, die Lehrenden und die angebotenen Lerninhalte in einer virtuellen Gemeinschaft, einem sozialen Lernnetzwerk miteinander verknüpft.
The new interactive online educational platform openHPI, (https://openHPI.de) from Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI), offers freely accessible courses at no charge for all who are interested in subjects in the field of information technology and computer science. Since 2011, “Massive Open Online Courses,” called MOOCs for short, have been offered, first at Stanford University and then later at other U.S. elite universities. Following suit, openHPI provides instructional videos on the Internet and further reading material, combined with learning-supportive self-tests, homework and a social discussion forum. Education is further stimulated by the support of a virtual learning community. In contrast to “traditional” lecture platforms, such as the tele-TASK portal (http://www.tele-task.de) where multimedia recorded lectures are available on demand, openHPI offers didactic online courses. The courses have a fixed start date and offer a balanced schedule of six consecutive weeks presented in multimedia and, whenever possible, interactive learning material. Each week, one chapter of the course subject is treated. In addition, a series of learning videos, texts, self-tests and homework exercises are provided to course participants at the beginning of the week. The course offering is combined with a social discussion platform where participants have the opportunity to enter into an exchange with course instructors and fellow participants. Here, for example, they can get answers to questions and discuss the topics in depth. The participants naturally decide themselves about the type and range of their learning activities. They can make personal contributions to the course, for example, in blog posts or tweets, which they can refer to in the forum. In turn, other participants have the chance to comment on, discuss or expand on what has been said. In this way, the learners become the teachers and the subject matter offered to a virtual community is linked to a social learning network.

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Lima, Robson Barbosa. "Poder normativo do conselho nacional de justiça". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2012. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1077.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Barbosa Lima.pdf: 5058865 bytes, checksum: 8d2acfbb6adbe83224fb75f2123e85cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-21
The dissertation present aimed to analyze the National Council of Justice established by Constitutional Amendment nº 45/04, due to the conflicts that preceded its creation, as well as those who came later. At the beginning, it was discussed the historical Justice Councils around the world and the reasons that led its creation in Brazil, reflecting the administration of justice following Weber and Zaffaroni s models. Moreover, it was accentuated the importance of democratization of the Judiciary, giving an emphasis on popular participation. Then came to the conclusion that the organ is endowed with regulatory powers, checking their assignments. It was exposed the perspectives of the National Council of Justice in order to improve the judicial function, essential for the existence of a Democratic State of Law. Finally, was also considered the limits of its performance, culminating in an inability to regulate the activity of the tribunal judges.
A dissertação apresentada visou à análise do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, instituído pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45/04, adentrando os embates que antecederam à sua criação, bem como os que surgiram posteriormente. Inicialmente, tratou-se da evolução histórica dos Conselhos de Justiça ao redor do mundo e os motivos que levaram à necessidade de criação no Brasil, passando-se pelos modelos de administração da justiça de Weber e Zaffaroni. Outrossim, anotou-se a relevância da democratização do Judiciário, com ênfase na participação popular. Em seguida, chegou-se à conclusão de que o órgão é dotado de poder normativo, verificando suas atribuições. Tratou-se das perspectivas do Conselho Nacional de Justiça com o intuito de aprimorar a função judicial, essencial para a existência do Estado Democrático de Direito. Finalmente, também, dos limites da atuação, culminando na impossibilidade de regulamentar a atividade jurisdicional dos juízes.

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14

Weinbuch, Deborah. "Zum Unterhaltungswert des Daily Talk das institutionelle Scheitern der Kommunikation". Hamburg Diplomica GmbH, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2869470&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Weinbuch, Deborah. "Zum Unterhaltungswert des Daily Talk : das institutionelle Scheitern der Kommunikation /". Hamburg : Diplomica, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2869470&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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16

Edwards, Thomas M. (Thomas Mark) 1974. "Nitric oxide-activated mechanisms underlying memory formation using a passive avoidance task for the day-old chick. Volume 1". Monash University, Dept. of Psychology, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8115.

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17

Matoušek, Martin. "Paralelní a distribuované zpracování rozsáhlých textových dat". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363792.

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This master thesis deals with task scheduling and allocation of resources in parallel and distributed enviroment. Thesis subscribes design and implementation of application for executeing of data processing with optimal resources usage.

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18

Curry, Aubretta P. "We don't talk like dat! perceptions of preparedness to teach language diverse students /". Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/curryap.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed Jan. 26, 2010). Additional advisors: Martha Barber, Lynn Kirkland, Maryanne Manning, Deborah Strevy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-142).

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19

Cardoso, Caroline de Oliveira. "Programas de interven??o neuropsicol?gica precoce-preventiva : estimula??o das fun??es executivas em escolares". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7287.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS)
There is relative consensus that low level and quality of education are limiting factors of a country?s growth. Statistics show that many students have difficulties in learning or do not display the necessary abilities to succeed academically. Trying to reduce such difficulties, neuropsychology has developed remediation and rehabilitation interventions. There is, however, a need to invest in intervention programs that promote cognitive health and stimulate neurocognitive skills among children. These programs may potentiate cognitive processes and lead to short and long term benefits. Evidence shows that the executive functions (EF) have a crucial role in education, and are relevant in learning and in autoregulatory behavior. Given this context, the objective of this thesis was to develop and verify the effectiveness of an early and preventive neuropsychological intervention program with the intent of stimulating the EF among Elementary School students. The program was called Program of Neuropsychological Stimulation of Cognition in Students: emphasis on Executive Functions, or PENcE (an acronym from its original name in Portuguese, Programa de Estimula??o Neuropsicol?gica da Cogni??o em Escolares: ?nfase nas Fun??es Executivas). The First Study performed a systematic review of empirical studies about neuropsychological interventions of EF among children with typical development, looking for an overview that could guide the construction of the PENcE. Nineteen studies were found through the PRISMA method: most of them provided evidences that the children who participated in the intervention programs improved their executive functions. For the most part, they used computerized cognitive training to stimulate working memory. Other studies proposed a curricular approach to potentiate autoregulation. It was possible to observe that the studies are very heterogenic in terms of approach, methods, and closing measurement tools. Computerized trainings seem improve trained cognitive skills, but are limited in terms of transferring gains. Curricular programs seem more generalizable, with effects on transferring gains and functionality. The objective of the Second Study was to present the process of construction and content validity evidences for the PENcE. There were four steps involved in reaching that goal: internal stage of program organization; program construction; analysis by expert judges; and data integration and program finalization. All stages were important and contributed to improve the program. Furthermore, the assessment of the program (global and of each module) presented a level of agreement among judges equal to one, allowing for the achievement of content validity evidences. Finally, the Third Study investigated the effectiveness of the PENcE among children attending 3rd and 4th grades of Elementary School. It also analyzed the effects of transferring to other skills (executive, cognitive, academic, behavioral) beyond the main executive closings. From an initial sample of 160 children, 113 participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: experimental group (EG) (n=64) and control group (CG) (n=49). There were no differences between the groups before the intervention. After the study, the groups were compared, and the EG presented significant gains in inhibitory control, working memory, and abstract planning. There were transferring effects to other cognitive abilities (such as attention and fluid thinking), academic abilities (math and written skills), and changes in behavior (relationship and behavioral problems), and the overcame the CG. As a group, the findings from the three studies offer an early and preventive intervention program that has theoretical basis, has followed a rigorous construction process, and possesses content validity and effectiveness analysis. For future studies, it is suggested to extend and adapt the program to other age groups and to children who already present executive deficits, including learning difficulties and ADHD. Moreover, with the goal of contributing to public policies, it is recommended that the PENcE be implemented in public schools in developing countries, helping to bridge the gap between neuropsychology and education in a practical way.
Atualmente, h? relativo consenso de que o baixo n?vel educacional e a reduzida qualidade do processo de escolariza??o s?o fatores limitadores de crescimento de um pa?s. Al?m disso, as estimativas mostram que um elevado n?mero de alunos apresenta dificuldades de aprendizagem ou n?o apresenta habilidades necess?rias para ter sucesso acad?mico. Na tentativa de contribuir com a diminui??o de tais dificuldades, a neuropsicologia desenvolveu predominantemente interven??es de remedia??o e de reabilita??o. Destaca-se, contudo, a necessidade de se investir em programas de interven??es de promo??o ? sa?de cognitiva e de estimula??o de habilidades neurocognitivas em crian?as, uma vez que tais programas podem potencializar os processos cognitivos e levar a benef?cios de curto a longo prazo. Com o avan?o da neuropsicologia, h? evid?ncias de que as fun??es executivas (FE) t?m um papel crucial na educa??o e s?o relevantes para aprendizagem e comportamento autorregulat?rio. Frente a esse contexto, essa tese teve como objetivo desenvolver e verificar a efetividade de um programa de interven??o neuropsicol?gica precoce-preventiva em busca da estimula??o das FE em escolares no Ensino Fundamental I. Tal programa foi denominado Programa de Estimula??o Neuropsicol?gica da Cogni??o em Escolares: ?nfase nas fun??es executivas (PENcE). No primeiro estudo, a partir de uma revis?o sistem?tica, buscou-se caracterizar os estudos emp?ricos sobre interven??es neuropsicol?gicas de FE em crian?as com desenvolvimento t?pico, em busca de um panorama que norteasse a constru??o do PENcE. Seguindo o m?todo PRISMA, foram encontrados 19 estudos e a maioria forneceu evid?ncias que as crian?as que participaram dos programas de interven??o melhoraram suas habilidades executivas. A maioria utilizou o treino cognitivo computadorizado, envolvendo a estimula??o da mem?ria de trabalho. Outros propuseram uma abordagem curricular com intuito de potencializar a autorregula??o. Foi poss?vel verificar que os estudos s?o bastante heterog?neos em rela??o a tipos de abordagem, m?todos e instrumentos de medida de desfecho. Contudo, os treinos computadorizados parecem levar a uma melhora na habilidade cognitiva treinada, por?m, s?o limitados em termos de transfer?ncia de ganhos. Os programas de abordagem curricular, por sua vez, parecem mais generaliz?veis, com efeito de transfer?ncia e ganho na funcionalidade. No Estudo 2, objetivou-se apresentar o processo de constru??o e evid?ncias de validade de conte?do do PENcE. Para isso, quatro etapas foram realizadas: fase interna de organiza??o do programa; constru??o do programa; an?lise de ju?zes especialistas; integra??o dos dados e finaliza??o do programa. Todas as etapas foram essenciais e contribu?ram para aprimorar o programa. Al?m disso, evidenciou-se que a avalia??o global do programa e de cada um dos m?dulos apresentou um n?vel de concord?ncia de 1,0 entre os ju?zes, permitindo obter evid?ncias de validade de conte?do. Por fim, no Estudo 3 buscou-se investigar a efetividade do PENcE em crian?as do 3? ou 4? ano do Ensino Fundamental, bem como, analisar o efeito de transfer?ncia para outras habilidades executivas e cognitivas, habilidades acad?micas e comportamento, para al?m dos desfechos executivos principais. De uma amostra inicial de 160 crian?as, 113 participaram do estudo e foram subdivididas em dois grupos: grupo experimental (GE) (n=64) e grupo controle (GC) (n=49). Os grupos n?o se diferenciaram em nenhuma medida na avalia??o pr?-interven??o. Na compara??o dos grupos, verificou-se o GE apresentou ganhos significativos de controle inibit?rio, mem?ria de trabalho, planejamento abstrato. Houve efeito de transfer?ncia para outras habilidades cognitivas (como aten??o e racioc?nio fluido), habilidades acad?micas (matem?tica e escrita) e mudan?a no comportamento (relacionamento e problemas de conduta), sendo que o GE superou o GC. Em conjunto, os achados dos tr?s estudos contribuem disponibilizando um programa de interven??o precoce-preventiva, que possui embasamento te?rico, que seguiu um rigoroso processo de constru??o e que denota de validade de conte?do e de an?lise de efetividade. Sugere-se, para os pr?ximos estudos, estender e adaptar o programa para outras faixas et?rias e para grupos de crian?as que j? apresentam d?ficits executivos, como com transtornos espec?ficos de aprendizagem e TDAH. Al?m disso, visando a contribuir com as pol?ticas p?blicas, recomenda-se que o PENcE possa ser implementado em escolas p?blicas nos pa?ses em desenvolvimento, rumo a uma interface cada vez mais pr?tica entre neuropsicologia e educa??o.

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Davies, Jessica Taylor. "The Effect of Time of Day of Chronic Exercise on Neural Response to Visual Food Cues". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6291.

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This study examined the effect of an 8-week, progressive exercise intervention on neural responses, specifically N2 amplitude as a measure of inhibitory control, to pictures of food. Healthy women ages 18-44 years were randomized to a morning (AM) exercise group or evening (PM) exercise group. The AM group did moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise on 4 days per week between 6:30 and 9:30 a.m. while the PM group had the identical volume of exercise between 6:30 and 9:30 p.m. Neural responses, eating behaviors, cardiovascular fitness outcomes, and body weight/composition were measured at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. The N2 amplitude in response to pictures of high- and low-calorie foods was assessed using electroencephalography during a go/no-go task. Dietary restraint, emotional eating, and external eating were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. VO2peak, HRmax, and time to completion were measured during a maximal treadmill test. Body weight was measured on a digital scale, and body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. There was not a significant task (go, no-go) × group (AM, PM) × period (baseline, 8 weeks) interaction (F = 0.18; p = 0.677), but there was a main effect of exercise over 8 weeks (F = 6.26; p = 0.017) with increased N2 amplitude following the intervention. There was not a significant interaction as a function of picture type (high-calorie, low-calorie), task, group, and period (F = 0.52; p = 0.478). Changes in body weight and neural outcomes were not significantly associated with changes in eating behaviors for either group (ps < 0.05). There was a significant group × period interaction for body weight (F = 4.90; p = 0.032). Body weight increased by 0.79 ± 1.16 kg in the AM group and decreased by 0.21 ± 1.46 kg in the PM group (effect size = 0.77; CI = 0.15-1.35). There was not a significant group × period interaction for body fat percentage, total body fat or fat-free mass (ps < 0.05). When examining the main effect of exercise on cardiovascular fitness outcomes, VO2peak was not different (F = 1.80; p = 0.187), time-to-completion on treadmill increased (F = 6.51; p = 0.014), and HRmax during the treadmill test was significantly lower (F = 5.49; p = 0.025). This study suggests that 8 weeks of exercise training may increase the inhibitory response to pictures of both high- and low-calorie foods. However, time of day of exercise did not influence this response. Eight weeks of exercise training did not change self-reported dietary restraint, external eating, or emotional eating, and there was no correlation between these eating behaviors and inhibitory control. However, evening exercise was more beneficial for body weight than morning exercise. Given the novelty of this study and its results, additional studies on the influence of time of day of exercise on weight management are needed.

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Bardos, Ahilleas N. "Differentiation of normal, reading disabled and developmentally handicapped students using the Das-Naglieri cognitive processing tasks /". The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148759165817419.

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Simões, Milena Raquel Oliveira. "A motivação de recursos humanos nas IPSS". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10440.

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Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos Humanos
Este estudo teve como intuito descrever as atividades que foram desenvolvidas durante o estágio curricular na Instituição do MSV. O estágio em si teve como finalidade apoiar a área de Recursos Humanos, da entidade em questão, em diversas atividades tais como, recrutamento e seleção de candidatos, formação, avaliação de desempenho, seguros de acidentes pessoais. O presente relatório centra-se sobre o conceito da motivação pois, durante o estágio foi-me solicitado apresentar uma ação de formação subordinada sobre este tema. O método desenvolvido para elaborar este relatório, baseou-se nas atividades do estágio e na revisão de diversas literaturas. Com base nas mesmas são apresentados diferentes autores que apresentam teorias divergentes sobre a motivação. Para concluir, é feita uma análise entre o que foi apresentado na literatura com as atividades desenvolvidas durante o estágio.
This study aimed to describe the activities that were developed during the curricular internship at the Institution of MSV. The internship purpose was supporting the Human Resources department, from the entity in question, in several activities such as recruitment and candidate selection, training, performance evaluation, personal accident insurance. The present report focuses on the concept of motivation since, during the internship I was asked to present a teaching program subordinated on this topic. The method developed to formulate this report, was based on the activities of the internship and in the review of several literatures. Based on the same is shown different authors who have divergent theories on motivation. To finish, an analysis is made between what was displayed in the literature with the activities developed during the internship.

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Pereira, Carlos Eugenio. "Determinação das células de convecção induzidas em tanques agitados por grades oscilantes". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-12032007-231237/.

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A turbulência gerada em equipamentos de grade oscilante presta-se a uma série grande de comprovações experimentais de proposições teóricas. Isto ocorre tanto para a turbulência propriamente dita, como para os fenômenos de transporte a ela associados. Usualmente não se considera a presença de correntes preferenciais nas constatações experimentais conduzidas nesses equipamentos. Entretanto, para que as previsões teóricas possam ser definitivamente corroboradas, é preciso quantificar as correntes preferenciais e a sua forma, de modo que se possa inferir a sua influência nos fenômenos medidos. No presente estudo apresentam-se resultados da quantificação das correntes preferenciais em escoamentos gerados por grades oscilantes.
Turbulence generated by oscillating grids is used in a series of experimental procedures to support or to test theoretical proposals. This way to conduct the studies is usual for turbulence itself and also for associated transport phenomena. Usually the preferential currents are not taken into account during the experiments conducted in oscillating grids equipments. However, to definitively corroborate theoretical predictions, it is necessary to quantify the preferential currents and to determine the shape of the flow, in a way that permits to infer the effects on the measured phenomena. In the present study, results related to preferential currents generated in a stirred grid equipment are presented.

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Kusuki, Luiz Rodolfo. "Um estudo das potencialidades pedagógicas de atividades exploratórias-investigativas com o material didático geoespaço". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4453.

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This research has as its context the exploration potential of manipulative materials in mathematics teaching Geoespaço. In order to increase knowledge of the development and implementation of exploratory-investigative tasks and tasks of figural representation involving manipulative materials Geoespaço and having specific objectives the development and use of Geoespaço in different didactic sequences. The theoretical foundation takes the qualitative and quantitative analysis Proceedings of the National Meetings of Mathematics Education (ENEMs) from 2001 to 2010 and the Proceedings of the National Association of Postgraduate Education and Research (Anped) from 2000 to 2013, more specifically, on the use of manipulative materials from of Lorenzato (2006) and Bezerra (1962), on the theory of figural representations of Fischbein (1993) and on the exploratory-investigative tasks Bridge (2009). The relevance of this research is partly because of making clear the importance of making use of manipulative materials in exploratory-investigative tasks in various methodologies of teaching math.
Essa pesquisa tem como contexto a exploração das potencialidades do material manipulativo Geoespaço no ensino de matemática. Com o objetivo de aprofundar conhecimentos sobre a elaboração e aplicação de tarefas exploratório-investigativas e tarefas de representação figural envolvendo material manipulativo Geoespaço e tendo como objetivos específicos o desenvolvimento e a utilização do Geoespaço em diferentes sequências didáticas. A fundamentação teórica toma a analise qualitativa e quantitativa dos Anais dos Encontros Nacionais de Educação Matemática (ENEMs) de 2001 a 2010 e os Anais da Associação Nacional de pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (Anped) de 2000 a 2013, de modo mais específico, sobre o uso de materiais manipulativos a partir de Lorenzato (2006) e Bezerra (1962), sobre a teoria de representações figurais de Fischbein (1993) e sobre as tarefas exploratório-investigativas de Ponte (2009). A relevância dessa pesquisa se dá pelo fato de tornar clara a importância de se valer de material manipulativo em tarefas exploratório-investigativas em diversas metodologias de ensino de matemática.

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Robertson, Jade Kelly. "Peripheral vision field fatigue during simulated driving : the effects of time on task and time of day on selected psychophysiological, performance and subjective responses". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007136.

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Worldwide, motor accidents are responsible for a large number of deaths and disabilities (Connor et al., 2001), and one of the major causes of motor accidents is driver fatigue. Although majority of drivers are aware of the dangers of fatigued driving, accidents related to this continues to contribute to a large percentage of all accidents, between 5 and 50% (Nilsson et al., 1997; Williamson et al., 2011). The purpose of the research was to establish the effect that fatigue renders on an individual’s peripheral visual field and to determine whether a decrement in driving performance occurs at the same rate as a decrement in peripheral visual performance. Fatigue was induced through time of day as well as time on task. Sixteen students from Rhodes University were recruited, subject to no previous sleep disorders, among other criteria. Each participant was required to partake in two conditions, namely a day condition (09h00–11h00) and a night condition (23h00– 01h00). Each condition consisted of a 90 minute dual task; the primary task was a tracking task, in which participants were instructed to track a white line as accurately as possible. A secondary peripheral response task was introduced, in which participants were instructed to respond as quickly as possible to the peripheral stimuli, by pressing one of two clickers located on the steering wheel. The peripheral stimuli were located at 20º, 30º and 40º visual angle. Psychophysiological, performance and subjective measures were obtained before, during and after the main task. The pre- and post-tests included core body temperature, critical flicker fusion frequency threshold, a digit span memory test, Wits Sleepiness Scale and a NASA-TLX questionnaire. The psychophysiological and performance measures of heart rate, heart rate variability, blink frequency, blink duration, lane deviation, number of saccades towards peripheral stimuli, response time to peripheral stimuli and the percentage of missed peripheral responses were all recorded throughout the 90 minute main dual task. The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) for heart rate variability, number of saccades towards peripheral stimuli and the Wits Sleepiness Scale, with regard to time of day. For time on task, significant effects were established for lane deviation, response time to peripheral stimuli, percentage of missed peripheral responses, heart rate, heart rate variability, blink frequency, blink duration, critical flicker fusion frequency threshold, core body temperature and the Wits Sleepiness Scale. Eccentricity was analysed and found to be significant for response time to peripheral stimuli, as well as for the percentage of missed peripheral responses; there was a significant increase in both measures with an increase in the stimuli eccentricity. No significances were established for time of day or between the pre- and post-tests conducted for the digit span memory performance; however, a significant interactional effect between the two was established. When assessing the percentage rate of decrement of driving performance compared to the percentage rate in the decrement of the missed peripheral responses, it was found that the percentage rate of decrement was equal for both measures. Thus from this research it can be seen that, concurrent with a decrement in driving performance, there are adverse effects on an individuals' peripheral vision, which have great implications for the safety of workers in industry and transport, as well as motorists. It was also established that time on task is possibly a more appropriate variable to consider than time of day, when implementing work schedules and rest breaks in industry, transport and fields alike, as more significant findings were seen for time on task compared to time of day.
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Betts, Stephen Thomas. ""General Conference talk": Style Variation and the Styling of Identity in Latter-day Saint General Conference Oratory". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7519.

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Despite its exceptional importance as a cultural performance event in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, General Conference has received little attention in Mormon studies, to say nothing of sociolinguistics. Situated within the larger question of how the public language of Mormon authorities has changed over time, this thesis seeks to discover style features of what impressionistically appears to be a unitary General Conference style since 1960 (the era of church "Correlation"). Statistical analysis is then used to determine which of five sociolinguistic factors and three pairwise interactions between four of the five sociolinguistic factors most saliently conditions the use of these style features in General Conference. Findings indicate that older male speakers are more likely to perform the majority of these style features, which opens the possibility that a new style may be emerging. Finally, this study attempts to give a theoretical account of style in General Conference by appealing to Alan Bell's (1984; 2001) "audience design" framework, and Nikolas Coupland's (2007) refinement of Bauman's cultural performance theory. The unique conditions of General Conference are best described as a "high performance event" in which speakers converge stylistically on an uncharacteristically present "in-group referee," namely the General Authorities of the church present in the LDS Conference Center during the live broadcast of General Conference.

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27

Mioto, Paulo Tamaso. "Sinalização do óxido nítrico sobre a regulação do Metabolismo Ácido das Crassuláceas (CAM) em Guzmania monostachia". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-02122016-095125/.

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Guzmania monostachia é uma bromélia-tanque epífita que apresenta uma alta plasticidade fotossintética, sendo capaz de regular positivamente o metabolismo ácido das crassuláceas (CAM) em resposta ao déficit hídrico. Também foi visto para essa espécie que o incremento do CAM se dá de forma diferente ao longo do comprimento da folha, sendo mais intenso na região apical do que na basal. Trabalhos anteriores indicaram que o óxido nítrico (NO) parece estar envolvido na regulação do CAM, mas nada se sabe dos mecanismos pelos quais isso ocorre. Uma vez que parecem não existir receptores específicos de NO, acredita-se que ele seja capaz de se ligar diretamente às proteínas, através de um processo conhecido como nitrosilação. O presente trabalho visou determinar se o NO estaria atuando na regulação do CAM em G. monostachia através da nitrosilação de proteínas relacionadas a esse metabolismo. Para tanto, foram feitos três desenhos experimentais. No primeiro, folhas destacadas de G. monostachia foram mantidas por 7 dias em água (controle) ou em uma solução contendo 30% de PEG (déficit hídrico). Durante esse período, foram monitorados parâmetros indicativos de estresse (porcentagem de água, potencial hídrico, além dos teores de clorofilas, carotenoides e proteínas), CAM (atividade da fosfoenolpiruvato carboxilase - PEPC - e acúmulo noturno de malato e citrato) e emissão de NO. Todas as análises foram feitas nas porções basal e apical das folhas. Ao final dos 7 dias de escassez hídrica, também foram feitas dosagens de nitrosotióis totais e a visualização em gel de proteínas nitrosiladas na porção apical. O segundo experimento visou verificar a modulação da atividade de enzimas pela nitrosilação. Para tanto, extratos proteicos de folhas de G. monostachia foram incubados com glutationa reduzida (GSH) ou S-nitrosoglutationa (GSNO) para, em seguida,verificar diferenças nas atividades das enzimas PEPC, malato desidrogenase (MDH), ascorbato peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) e isocitrato desidrogenase dependente de NADP+ (NADP-ICDH). No terceiro experimento foi feita a aplicação do sequestrador de NO 2-(4-carboxifenil)-4,4,5,5-tetrametilimidazolina-1-oxil-3-óxido (cPTIO) ou de NO gasoso em folhas destacadas mantidas em PEG ou água, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento do CAM se dá seis dias após o início do tratamento de déficit hídrico, concomitantemente com o aumento na produção de NO. Esses dois fenômenos ocorreram somente na porção apical da folha. A quantidade de proteínas nitrosiladas, no entanto, diminuiu em resposta ao déficit hídrico nesta porção, indicando que o aumento na emissão de NO pode ser oriundo de uma desnitrosilação de proteínas. De fato, a atividade de três (PEPC, APX e NADP-ICDH) das cinco enzimas analisadas mostraram uma diminuição em resposta ao tratamento com GSNO. Dessa forma, o NO parece não se ligar diretamente às enzimas do CAM para regular sua atividade. Mesmo assim, a aplicação de NO gasoso causou um aumento em todos os parâmetros relacionados ao CAM após 5 dias, sugerindo algum tipo de controle transcricional sobre genes relacionados a esse tipo de fotossíntese
Guzmania monstachia is an epiphytic tank-bromeliad capable of up-regulating CAM under water deficit. Moreover, the increase in CAM is stronger in the apical portion of the leaf, when compared to the base. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule involved in the regulation of CAM, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still largely unknown. NO is capable of interacting with proteins through a process known as nitrosylation. Here, we investigated whether NO could regulate CAM by protein nitrosylation. In order to do so, we performed three experiments. In the first one, detached leaves were maintained for 7 days in water or in a solution containing 30% of poliethylene glycol 6000 (PEG). During this period, the water percentage, water potential, contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, nocturnal malate and citrate accumulation, and NO emission were monitored daily in the basal and apical portions of the leaf. At the seventh day of the water shortage, quantification of total nitrosothiols and in-gel visualization of nitrosylated proteins were also performed in the apical portion. The second experiment consisted in incubating proteic extracts of G. monostachia with reducedglutathione (GSH) or S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to assess the impact of nitrosylation in enzymatic activity. The enzymes selected to this step were PEPC, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), ascorbate peroxydase (APX), catalase (CAT) and NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH). The third experiment consisted in the application of the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxifenil)-4,4,5,5-tetrametilimidazolina-1-oxil-3-óxido (cPTIO) or gaseous NO to leaves maintained in water or in PEG 30%, respectively. The results show that there was an increase of both CAM and NO in the leaf apex at the sixth day of water deficit. The level of nitrosylated proteins, however, decreased in this portion, indicating that the emission of NO may be the result of a de-nitrosylation process. In fact, the activity of three (PEPC, APX and NADP-ICDH) out of five enzymes analyzed decreased with nitrosylation. Therefore, NO does not regulate directly the activity of CAM enzymes. Nevertheless, exogenous NO increased all of the assayed CAM parameters after 5 days, indicating transcriptional control of CAM-related genes

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Nunes, Carina Silveira Mariano. "Comparação das demandas metabólicas, cardiorrespiratórias e de percepção do esforço durante atividades de vida diária entre pacientes com bronquiectasia e indivíduos saudáveis". Universidade Nove de Julho, 2014. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1330.

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Introduction: Physiological responses during activities of daily living (ADLs) have never been studied in adult patients with bronchiectasis (BCT). Aim: To compare the metabolic and ventilatory demands, gas exchange and perception of effort during five ADLs between adults with BCT and healthy subjects. Methods: Thirty-nine subjects [27 women; FEV1 61 ± 26, %pred, MRC 3 (2 – 3)] and twenty healthy subjects (14 women) performed the following five ADL: (1) putting on socks, shoes, and vest, (2) putting away different weights on a rack, (3) sweeping a floor, (4) carrying weight while walking (5Kg), and (5) climbing stairs during a minute. Activities 2, 3, and 4 were performed by five minutes. Pulmonary gas exchange was measured during all ADLs. Results: Patients used a higher proportion of metabolic and ventilatory demands, and had a higher perception of effort when compared with healthy subjects. The distance walked in ADL4 was similar between groups; however patients climbed lower number of steps than control group. Conclusions: Patients with BCT have high metabolic and ventilatory demands, with a higher perception of effort to perform simple daily activities when compared to healthy subjects.
Introdução: As respostas fisiológicas durante atividades de vida diária (AVD) nunca foram estudadas em pacientes adultos com bronquiectasia (BCQ). Objetivo: Comparar as respostas cardiopulmonares, metabólicas, de trocas gasosas e de percepção de esforço durante atividades de vida diária entre pacientes com bronquiectasia e indivíduos saudáveis. Método: 39 pacientes [27 mulheres; VEF1 61 ± 26 %prev; MRC 3 (2 – 3)] e 20 indivíduos saudáveis (14 mulheres) realizaram as seguintes AVD: (1) vestir um par de meias e um par de sapatos sentado em uma cadeira e vestir uma camisa em pé; (2) colocar pesos de 0,5 Kg, 1 Kg, 2 Kg, 3 Kg, 4 Kg e 5 Kg em uma prateleira ao nível da cabeça e depois retornar os mesmos ao nível da cintura; (3) varrer o chão; (4) caminhar carregando 5Kg divididos em duas sacolas; e (5) subir escadas durante um minuto. As atividades 2, 3 e 4 foram realizadas durante cinco minutos. As variáveis metabólicas e ventilatórias foram registradas durante todas as AVD. Resultados: Os pacientes com BCQ tiveram maior demanda metabólica e ventilatória e maior percepção de esforço durante todas AVD quando comparados ao grupo controle (p < 0,05). A distância percorrida na AVD4 não diferiu entre os grupos, mas os pacientes realizaram menor número de degraus na AVD5 em relação ao grupo controle. Análise intra-grupo (BCQ) demonstrou aumento progressivo (p < 0,05) no VO2, VE/VVM e percepção do esforço da AVD1 até a AVD5. Conclusão: Pacientes com BCQ utilizam elevada proporção da capacidade aeróbia e ventilatória máxima para realizarem atividades simples do dia a dia e com maior percepção de esforço (dispneia e fadiga) quando comparados a indivíduos saudáveis.

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Kriegler, Julia [Verfasser] y Norbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Scherbaum. "Der Einfluss suchtrelevanter Reize auf das Entscheidungsverhalten von Patienten mit Opiatabhängigkeit - eine Studie mit einer modifizierten Version der Iowa Gambling Task / Julia Kriegler ; Betreuer: Norbert Scherbaum". Duisburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/112640442X/34.

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Nabais, Raquel Nogueira. "Calendarização das visitas dos artistas da operação nariz vermelho aos hospitais". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18452.

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Mestrado em Métodos Quantitativos para a Decisão Económica e Empresarial
Este trabalho final de mestrado foi desenvolvido sob a forma de projeto, em parceria com a Operação Nariz Vermelho (ONV), estando o seu tema ligado à afetação dos artistas profissionais, Doutores Palhaços, da ONV às visitas a realizar aos vários hospitais, abrangidos pelo programa de visitas desta instituição, na região da Grande Lisboa. O objetivo deste projeto é facilitar a execução desta tarefa que, nos tempos que decorrem, é uma tarefa bastante morosa e trabalhosa para os colaboradores da ONV. Assim, e de forma a atingir todos os objetivos pensados pela instituição, foi de extrema importância, numa fase inicial, fazer o levantamento de todos as especificidades da calendarização das visitas. Depois, e recorrendo a estudos já realizados, foi formulado em Programação Linear Binária Mista um modelo de otimização capaz de gerar uma solução para dar resposta ao problema do planeamento das visitas. Adicionalmente, foi também desenvolvido um programa recorrendo ao uso da linguagem Visual Basic for Applications do Excel. Este é capaz de ler os dados do problema e colocá-los como parâmetros do software OpenSolver, executar o software de forma automática, escrever e estruturar a solução gerada com o intuito de possibilitar a análise e o uso desta pelos colaboradores da ONV.
This Masters Final Work was developed in the form of a project in partnership with Operação Nariz Vermelho (ONV). This work is related to the assignment of ONV professional artists, Clown Doctors, to visits to be made to the various hospitals, covered by the visits program of this institution, in region of Lisbon. The objective of this project is to make easier the execution of this task, which, currently, is a very time consuming and laborious task for the staff of the institution. Thus, and in order to achieve all the objectives considered by the institution, it was extremely important, at an initial stage, to survey all the specific aspects of the visit schedule. Then, and basing our work on studies previously carried out, an optimization model was formulated using a Mixed Binary Linear Programming model capable of generating a solution to the problem for assignment of the visits. In addition, a program was developed using the Visual Basic for Applications language available in Excel. This software can read the data of the problem and place them as parameters of the OpenSolver software, execute the software automatically, write and structure the generated solution in order to allow the analysis and usage of this solution by ONV employees.
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HIPOLITO, FABIO C. "Avaliação das metodologias de análise de sistemas de tubulações de vapor sujeitas a carregamentos do tipo Steam Hammer". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26938.

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Carregamentos transientes termo hidráulicos do tipo Steam Hammer são eventos comuns em sistemas de tubulações de vapor com grandes potenciais de catástrofes em plantas de geração de energia. Uma vez iniciado o evento, ondas de pressões são geradas com amplitudes, geralmente, de grande magnitude ocasionando altas pressões no sistema, ruídos, deformações, fadiga, com possibilidade de danos materiais e econômicos e em casos extremos fatalidades. Os procedimentos da indústria para análise deste tipo de sistema consistem realização de análises estáticas equivalentes ou análise de espectro de resposta com carregamentos caracterizados por meio de métodos analíticos baseados em hipóteses simplificadoras do fluido e fluxo. Neste trabalho é proposta a analise de sistema de tubulações por meio do método de integração numérica com superposição modal e carregamento caracterizado por método numérico com base no método das características. Comparações foram efetuadas entre os resultados obtidos pela metodologia proposta e os procedimentos da indústria, demonstrando que, dado ao alto grau de conservadorismo, os procedimentos da indústria acarretam em superdimensionamento de estruturas e tubulações ocasionando custos adicionais de projeto, sendo a otimização do projeto obtida aplicando-se a metodologia proposta no trabalho.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Kerkhof, Nicole. "Mom, Dad, Help Please: The Home Environment’s Influences on a Child’s Math Ability". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1664.

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Recently, there has been a big surge of research and public interest in increasing the math capabilities and skills of American children. This paper serves as a literature review examining how the home environment, specifically parents, can help with that. This meta-analysis delves into the factors of maternal math talk, a parent’s own math anxiety, and the relationship between a parent and child in the context of a parent’s gender stereotypes and a parent’s perception on his or her child’s math abilities. Interventions, suggestions, and future implications are also discussed. This paper will hopefully bring needed awareness to parents about their roles in their child’s math development, abilities, and achievement.

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Charpentier, Dylan T. "Why Dey Talk Like Dat?| A Study of the Status of Cajun English as a Dialect or an Accent". Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10622943.

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This thesis empirically asks whether Cajun English, a variety of American English spoken in South Louisiana, is an accent or a dialect. Because dialects are phonologically and syntactically and/or semantically different from a language’s standard form, this thesis examines one feature within each of those domains: the realization of interdental fricatives as stops, the use of perfective aspect on past tense verb phrases, and manner salience in descriptions of motion. In each domain, I ask if Cajun English is different from Standard English and, if it is, if that difference could be attributable to influences of Cajun French.

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Almeida, Poliana Carvalho de. "O Corpo, o gosto e a experiência estética:uma cartografia das justificativas de preferência musical de estudantes do ensino médio". Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/21473.

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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os processos de elaboração de justificativas de gosto musical. O referencial teórico inscreve-se no campo da Filosofia (Estética) e da Sociologia da Música, levando em conta a complexidade da difusão e recepção da música pós-Indústria Cultural e das relações entre corpo e experiência estético-musical. O problema abordado nasce de questionamentos sobre a validade do gosto musical das massas e, em especial de jovens não músicos. A questão de pesquisa é: como jovens estudantes elaboram suas justificativas de gosto e preferência musical? Serão analisadas (análise de conteúdo) justificativas de preferência de estudantes do Ensino Médio, coletadas em registros de atividades de apreciação musical realizadas em turmas do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, no período de 2007 a 2013, na disciplina Artes/Música. Este trabalho traz como dados de pesquisa a caracterização do repertório musical de preferência dos estudantes no ano de 2013, antecedido por dois quadros teóricos cujos eixos são a Estética e a Sociologia da Música, e uma cartografia das justificativas de gosto musical dos estudantes, fundamentada no pensamento de Deleuze e Guattari, procurando assim verificar a hipótese de que justificativas de preferências musicais, independente do tipo de música a que se referem, seguem estruturas de pensamento elaboradas a priori, ou a posteriori, por isso, tais justificativas se equivalem e se anulam não sendo capazes de comunicar a significação da experiência musical. Assim, o julgamento musical de um “leigo” é tão válido quanto o julgamento musical de um músico.
ABSTRACT This research project aims to investigate the elaboration process justification of musical taste. The theoretical framework falls within the field of Philosophy (Aesthetics) and Sociology of Music, taking into account the complexity of the music diffusion and reception post Cultural Industry and the relationship between body and aesthetic-musical experience. The problem discussed is born of questions about the validity of the musical tastes of the masses, especially young no musicians. The research question is: how young students prepare their justifications of taste and musical preference? Will be analyzed (content analysis) the high school students justifications preference collected in the registers of music appreciation classes held in the 1st year of high school in the period 2007-2013, in the discipline Arts / Music activities. This work brings as preliminary research data to characterize the repertoire of students' preference in 2013 preceded by two theoretical frameworks whose axes are the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music, thus seeking to verify the hypothesis that justification of musical preferences, independent the type of music to which they refer, follow structures of thought elaborate a priori (music history, music theory, etc.) or a posteriori (connection to feelings and sensory experiences), so such justifications are equal

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Oliveira, Samara Freitas. "O impacto das tarefas de aprendizagem mediadas pela lousa digital interativa na motiva??o situacional de aprendizes de ingl?s". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16327.

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Some authors have suggested that learning tasks conducted in L2 classes can motivate learners in different ways. Similarly, Interactive Whiteboards (IWB) have already been linked as drivers to engagement and enthusiasm in L2 classes, which may cause some impact on affective variables that influence learning (e.g. motivation). This crosssectional mixed-methods study aims to understand how situational motivation caused by learning tasks mediated by the IWB impact participants. We seek to answer the following research questions: (1) How does motivation as a personality trait of the learner relate to his/her additional language learning performance?, (2) How does the type of learning task mediated by the IWB impact the learner s motivation?, (3) How does motivation vary along the learning task mediated by the IWB? and (4) What is the relation between the learning task motivation and the learners perception about the task mediated by the IWB? Data collection lasted four months with 29 learners from a private language school. The instruments used were the following: (a) an initial questionnaire (adapted from the Attitudes/Motivation Test Battery by GARDNER, 2004), (b) situation-specific on-line scales to assess learners motivation in three moments: before, during and after the task, and analyze how motivation varies along the task; (c) class observations and field notes resulting from these observations, (d) participants end-of-course grades to understand the connection between academic success and their motivational profiles and (e) a final questionnaire with the qualitative purpose to know learners perceptions about the tasks mediated by the IWB. Our theoretical framework is based on Task-Based Learning and cognitive aspects present in tasks (WILLIS, 1996; SKEHAN, 1996), theories on motivation and second language learning (GARDNER, 2001; D?RNYEI e OTT?, 1998; D?RNYEI, 2000; 2002) and conceptions about L2 learning mediated by technology (GIBSON, 2001; OLIVEIRA, 2001; MILLER et al, 2005). Our results do not point out to a significative correlation between learners end-of-course grades and their motivational profiles. However, they indicate that there is some variability in situational motivation along the tasks, even among learning tasks from the same type. Furthermore, they show that learners report different perceptions for each learning task and that the impact of the IWB on participants did not have a large proportion
Alguns autores j? sugeriram que as tarefas de aprendizagem conduzidas em salas de aula de L2 podem motivar os aprendizes de diferentes maneiras. Da mesma forma, as Lousas Digitais Interativas (LDI) j? foram relacionadas como propulsoras de engajamento e entusiasmo em aulas de L2, podendo assim impactar vari?veis afetivas que influenciam a aprendizagem, como a motiva??o, por exemplo. Este estudo transversal, de m?todos mistos, objetiva compreender de que forma a motiva??o situacional ocasionada por tarefas de aprendizagem mediadas pela LDI impacta os participantes. Buscamos responder as seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: (1) como a motiva??o, vista como um tra?o da personalidade do aprendiz, se relaciona ao seu desempenho de aprendizagem da L2?, (2) de que maneira o tipo de tarefa de aprendizagem impacta na motiva??o do aprendiz?, (3) de que forma a motiva??o varia ao longo da tarefa de aprendizagem? e (4) qual a rela??o entre a motiva??o proveniente da tarefa de aprendizagem e a percep??o do aprendiz sobre a tarefa mediada pela LDI? A coleta de dados durou quatro meses em um instituto privado de idiomas com 29 aprendizes de ingl?s e foi realizada por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: (a) um question?rio inicial (adaptado da Attitudes/Motivation Test Battery de GARDNER, 2004); (b) escalas situacionais on-line para conhecermos a motiva??o dos aprendizes em tr?s momentos: antes, durante e ap?s a tarefa e analisarmos como a motiva??o varia ao longo da tarefa; (c) observa??es de aulas e as resultantes notas de campo dessas observa??es; (d) as notas globais dos participantes no semestre para entendermos a rela??o entre o desempenho acad?mico e o perfil motivacional deles e (e) um question?rio final com o fim qualitativo de conhecer as percep??es dos aprendizes sobre as tarefas mediadas pela LDI. Nossa fundamenta??o te?rica baseia-se na Aprendizagem Baseada em Tarefas e nos aspectos cognitivos presentes nas tarefas (WILLIS, 1996; SKEHAN, 1996), em algumas teorias de motiva??o e aprendizagem de L2 (GARDNER, 2001; D?RNYEI e OTT?, 1998; D?RNYEI, 2000; 2002) e em concep??es sobre a aprendizagem de L2 mediada por tecnologias (GIBSON, 2001; OLIVEIRA, 2001; MILLER et al, 2005). Nossos resultados n?o apontam uma correla??o significativa entre as notas globais dos aprendizes e o seu perfil motivacional. Entretanto, indicam que h? uma variabilidade da motiva??o situacional ao longo das tarefas, mesmo dentro de tarefas de aprendizagem do mesmo tipo. Al?m disso, mostram que os aprendizes relatam diferentes percep??es para cada tarefa de aprendizagem e que o impacto da LDI na motiva??o dos participantes foi de pequena propor??o

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Rocha, Yana Jorge Polizer. "Investigação da percepção do consumidor frente à conceitos de salsichas mais saudáveis: comparação com a salsicha tradicional através de técnicas qualitativas, sorting task e estudo das emoções associadas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-12022019-155440/.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar estudos para entender a percepção de consumidores em relação a salsichas com diferentes atributos de saudabilidade. Foram conduzidos três estudos e diferentes metodologias foram empregadas para explorar a atitude do consumidor. No primeiro estudo, a percepção dos consumidores foi avaliada através das técnicas de associação de palavras, aceitação de cada conceito (salsicha tradicional, com antioxidantes naturais, com redução de sódio, com redução de gordura, fonte de fibra alimentar e com ômega 3), grau de familiaridade com cada atributo de saudabilidade e resposta emocional. Para a salsicha tradicional, as categorias mais relevantes para os consumidores foram: modo de consumo, sabor agradável, não saudável, aparência (cor), gordura/caloria e pressão alta, já o grupo formado pelas salsichas com ômega 3, antioxidantes naturais, com redução de gordura e com redução de sódio se caracterizou principalmente pela percepção de saudabilidade. Para o segundo estudo, a relação entre a preocupação de consumidores com sua saúde e sua percepção sobre salsichas com adição de ingredientes funcionais (fibra alimentar e ômega 3) foi avaliada através do teste de completamento e da técnica de lista de compras. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os clusters (consciência em relação à saúde) para as razões apontadas pelos consumidores que incentivam (sabor agradável, praticidade, preço acessível e modo de consumo) e limitam (prejudicial à saúde, não saudável, ricas em sódio e gordura e artificial) a compra de salsichas. Os resultados do segundo estudo, ainda demonstraram que a adição de fibra alimentar e ômega 3 em salsicha gerou associações predominantemente positivas independente do nível de consciência em relação à saúde dos consumidores. Em relação ao terceiro estudo, na aplicação da técnica sorting task, termos como falta de conhecimento, natural, problemas de sabor e não atrativo caracterizaram o grupo formado pelas salsichas sem adição de fosfato e nitrito. Já as salsichas com antioxidantes naturais, fonte de fibra alimentar e com ômega 3 foram associadas a melhor qualidade nutricional e impacto positivo na saúde/organismo. Neste mesmo estudo, a técnica hard laddering revelou que os principais motivos que justificam as escolhas das salsichas com redução de sódio, com redução de gordura, com ômega 3, com antioxidantes naturais e fibra alimentar são preocupação com a saúde e vida longa. Os resultados obtidos nos três estudos demonstraram que os consumidores apresentam percepções distintas em relação aos diferentes tipos de salsicha (conceitos) avaliados, sugerindo que a indústria da carne deve considerar as particularidades identificadas ao desenvolver salsichas mais saudáveis e anunciar seus atributos.
The present paper aimed to perform studies to understand the consumers\' perception regarding frankfurter sausages with different healthiness attributes. Three studies were carried out and different methods were applied to explore the consumer\'s attitude. In the first study the consumers\' perception was evaluated through the technique of word association, acceptance of each concept (traditional frankfurter, with natural antioxidants, with reduced sodium, with reduced fat, as a source of dietary fibre, and with omega 3), level of familiarity with each attribute and emotional response. For the traditional frankfurter the most relevant categories for the consumers were: consumption mode, good flavour, unhealthy, appearance (colour), fat/calorie and high blood pressure, whereas the group formed by the frankfurters with omega 3, natural antioxidants, with reduced fat and reduced sodium was characterized especially by healthiness perception. For the second study the connection between the concern of consumer\'s with their health and their perception on frankfurters with the addition of functional ingredients (dietary fibre and omega 3) was evaluated through a completion test and the shopping list technique. No significant differences were found between the clusters (concern with health) for the reasons pointed out by the consumers that encourage (good flavour, convenience, price/cheap, and consumption mode) and restrict (harmful to health, unhealthy, rich in sodium and fat, and artificial) purchasing frankfurters. The results of the second study also demonstrated that adding dietary fibre and omega 3 in frankfurters provided predominantly positive associations regardless of consumers\' concerns with health. Regarding the third study, lack of knowledge, natural, flavour defects and not appealing characterized the group formed by frankfurters with no phosphate added and no nitrite added through the sorting task technique. The frankfurters with natural antioxidant, as a source of dietary fibre and with omega 3 were associated to a better nutritional quality and positive impact on health/organism. The hard laddering technique revealed that the main reasons that justify the choices for the frankfurters with reduced sodium, reduced fat, with omega 3, with natural antioxidants and dietary fibre are concerns with health and longevity. The results obtained through the three studies showed that the consumers present distinctive perceptions concerning different types of evaluated frankfurters (concepts), suggesting that the meat industry should consider the particularities identified to develop healthier sausages and advertise their attributes.

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Pereira, Charmaine. "Teachers in day nurseries : observations of children's behaviour and the nature of talk by teachers and nursery nurses to children". Thesis, n.p, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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Batista, Daniel Macêdo. "Escalonadores de tarefas dependentes para grades robustos as incertezas das informações de entrada". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275848.

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Orientador: Nelson Luis Saldanha da Fonseca
Tese (doutorado ) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
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Resumo: Para que escalonadores em grades derivem escalonamentos, é necessário que se forneçam as demandas das aplicações e as disponibilidades dos recursos das grades. No entanto, a falta de controle centralizado, o desconhecimento dos usuários e a imprecisão das ferramentas de medição fazem com que as informações fornecidas aos escalonadores difiram dos valores reais que deveriam ser considerados para se obter escalonamentos quase-ótimos. A presente Tese introduz dois escalonadores de tarefas robustos às incertezas das informações providas como entrada ao escalonador. Um dos escalonadores lida com informações imprecisas sobre as demandas das aplicações, enquanto que o outro considera tanto imprecisões das demandas quanto da disponibilidade de recursos. A eficácia e a eficiência dos escalonadores robustos às incertezas são avaliadas através de simulação.Comparam-se os escalonamentos gerados pelos escalonadores robustos com os produzidos por escalonadores sensíveis às informações incertas. A eficácia de estimadores de largura de banda disponível são, também, avaliadas, através de medição, a luz da adoção destes em sistemas de grades, a fim de que se possa utilizar suas estimativas como informação de entrada a escalonadores robustos
Abstract: Schedulers need information on the application demands and on the grid resource availability as input to derive efficient schedules for the tasks of a grid application. However, information provided to schedulers differ from the true values due to the lack of central control in a grid and the lack of ownership of resources as well as the precision of estimations provided by measurement tools. This thesis introduces two robust schedulers based on fuzzy optimization. The first scheduler deals with uncertainties on the application demands while the other with uncertainties of both application demands and resource availability. The effectiveness of these schedulers are evaluated via simulation and the schedules produced by them are compared to those of their non-fuzzy counterpart. Moreover, the efficacy of available bandwidth estimators is assessed in order to evaluate their use in grid systems for providing schedulers with useful input information
Doutorado
Sistemas de Computação, Redes Multimidia
Doutor em Ciência da Computação

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Brandt, Lindsey. "The Elusive "Poem of the World": The Task of the Reader and the Problem of Knowledge in Heinrich von Kleist's Novellas "Die Marquise von O..." and "Das Erdbeben in Chili"". The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06222009-143532/.

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The literary works of Heinrich von Kleist (17771811) have long been an important influence on thinkers and writers interested and engaged in the German cultural tradition, particularly due to the enigmatic and highly problematic nature of his narrative approach. In recent years, however, there has been a notable surge of interest in Kleists works, which has led to the production of several articles, papers, and even entire conference panels dedicated to the investigation of his oeuvre from various angles. Why does Kleist still fascinate his readers so much, and what is it about his texts that allow for such a large and varied body of interpretation? In this thesis, I will argue that it is crucial to examine closely the interface of text and reader when analyzing Kleists novellas, specifically "Die Marquise von O" and "Das Erdbeben in Chili." I will then attempt to establish a link between Kleists unique reaction to the philosophical debates concerning epistemology and aesthetics that were taking place during his short lifetime and the experience of the reader when confronting Kleists texts. I will examine these questions first with the aid of narratology and reader-response theory, particularly by examining the issues of closure and focalization in the two narratives. Furthermore, I will illustrate how a narratological/reader-response approach to Kleists work can also inform a feminist critical approach and, likewise, how a feminist analysis can complement the former. In the final chapter, I will conduct a feminist analysis, focusing on both form and content in the two novellas to show how Kleists work both structurally and thematically challenges male Enlightenment values such as order and logic. These analyses ultimately illustrate how Kleist displaced the philosophical questions with which he was grappling into the realm of the text-reader interface, thus emulating and illuminating with this relationship the selfs quest for knowledge and meaning in the world.

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Pedinielli-Feron, Alexandra. "La représentation psycholinguistique de la psyché dans Night and Day, Mrs Dalloway et Flush de Virginia Woolf : essai de typologie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0412.

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Cette thèse se propose de dresser un portrait des différentes techniques de représentation de la psyché des personnages utilisées dans trois romans de Virginia Woolf, à savoir Mrs Dalloway, Night and Day et Flush. Pour cela, elle entend questionner les grammaires traditionnelles qui analysent la psyché représentée en contexte de fiction depuis un point de vue strictement formel et syntaxique et qui ne tiennent pas compte de ce que la psyché implique en termes de production ou de non-production d’un discours intérieur linguistique. Elle propose ainsi une définition psychologique et linguistique des mécanismes internes de« l’appareil psychique » sur laquelle elle se fonde pour, dans un second temps, définir et produire une analyse des techniques de représentation de la psyché qui se rencontrent dans le corpus woolfien choisi
This thesis examines the various techniques used to represent the characters’ psyches in three novels by Virginia Woolf, namely Mrs Dalloway, Night and Day and Flush. To this end, it questions traditional grammars which analyze representations of the psyche in fictional contexts from a strictly formal and syntactical point of view, regardless of what the psyche implies in terms of the production or non-production of linguistic self-talk. First it presents a psychological and linguistic definition of the internal mechanisms of the "psychic apparatus", which then serves as groundwork for our definition and analysis of the techniques used to represent the psyche in our corpus

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Batista, Valéria Nogueira. "Uma proposta metodológica para o ensino das funções trigonométricas". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7376.

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This research has focused primarily on teaching trigonometric sine and cosine functions. The proposal is to organize the teaching of these functions, in order to improve good learning situations to students, to encourage the transition of trigonometric ratios in right triangle to the trigonometric circle with the use of manipulative materials and GeoGebra software. Based on the theoretical assumptions described in the High School National Curriculum Standards and Curriculum of the State of São Paulo seeking to outline for the teacher, the skills and expertise that student must acquire to be made in basic education, are presented educational alternatives. It aims to help students understand the need and the practical applicability of Trigonometric Functions. Analyzing how these functions are covered in the curriculum documents and books of the National Textbook Program (PNLD 2015), we tried to develop a pioneering work and research including mathematical modeling and taking as reference the exploratory and investigative activities.
Esta pesquisa apresenta como foco principal o ensino das funções trigonométricas seno e cosseno. A proposta é organizar o ensino dessas funções, de forma a potencializar boas situações de aprendizagens aos alunos, que favoreçam a transição das razões trigonométricas no triângulo retângulo para a circunferência trigonométrica com o uso de materiais manipulativos e do software GeoGebra. Partindo dos pressupostos teóricos descritos nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio e no Currículo do Estado de São Paulo que procuram delinear para o professor, as habilidades e competências que seu aluno deve adquirir ao ser formado na educação básica, apresentam-se alternativas de ensino que visam contribuir para que os alunos percebam a necessidade e a aplicabilidade prática das Funções Trigonométricas. Analisando como essas funções são abordadas nos documentos curriculares e nos livros do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2015), procurou-se desenvolver um trabalho de exploração e investigação incluindo a modelagem matemática e tendo como referencial as atividades exploratório-investigativas.

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42

Pinto, Juliano Ribeiro Aguiar. "Determinação das energias de tack e da melhor condição de adesão dos revestimentos poliuretânicos para propelente sólido compósito utilizado em motores-foguete". Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2007. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=451.

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Um foguete é basicamente constituído de motores-foguete com a finalidade de fornecer energia por meio da combustão do propelente e impulsionar todo o conjunto, e de uma carga útil que pode ser desde um satélite de comunicações até experimentos biológicos. Internamente, o propelente é aderido ao metal ou isolante térmico por meio de um revestimento adesivo conhecido como liner. O liner é um adesivo ativado, especialmente desenvolvido para promover uma adesão adequada que garanta a integridade estrutural do grão propelente. Em sua composição, o liner possui um balanço específico de compostos que permitem a interdifusão de componentes entre as interfaces liner/propelente, de modo a promover uma ponte química entre o adesivo e o propelente. Para que o processo de interdifusão possa ocorrer é necessário que o liner não esteja completamente curado, pois um alto grau de cura interfere nesse processo, mas também não pode apresentar um grau de cura muito baixo, visto que a adição do propelente é feita na vertical e um baixo grau de cura ocasionará em um escoamento da camada adesiva. Um fator de grande importância nesse processo é o controle do tack, propriedade apresentada pelos adesivos de se aderirem ao substrato ou vice-versa imediatamente após serem postos em contato sobre uma leve pressão. O domínio desse fenômeno permite encontrar a faixa de adesão mais adequada na qual não o adesivo não escoe e que ainda seja quimicamente ativo. O tack pode ser mensurado em termos de força e energia por meio de ensaios de tração, e testes de adesão, permitindo encontrar a faixa adequada para efetuar a adição do propelente. Na presente tese de mestrado foram levantadas as curvas de tack e calculadas as energias. Testes de adesão mostraram que a faixa ideal de tack situa-se entre 120 e 180 minutos de cura do liner a 80 C, promovendo uma falha coesiva no propelente.

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Silva, Adriana Aparecida Rodrigues da. "A PARTICIPAÇÃO DAS CRIANÇAS NA RODA DE CONVERSA: POSSIBILIDADES E LIMITES DA AÇÃO EDUCATIVA E PEDAGÓGICA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1136.

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This work has as study object the participation of children in conversation circles in the context of early childhood education and seeks to elucidate it from the following key questions: What are the forms and meanings of childrens participation in the conversation wheel? You can see changes in the educational and pedagogical action from what children bring to the conversation on the wheel? The objective is to recognize elements and strategies that enable and - or limit the participation of children at these times. Authors such as Gaitán, Hart, Fernandes, Espinar, Sarmento and Coutinho are taken as references to studies and research. Despite numerous possibilities of understanding on the participation of children in the conversation wheel, here it is taken as a place that allows the political and educational participation of these subjects. An analysis of academic productions was performed (theses and dissertations) entered in the CAPES thesis database in the last five years in order to meet the Brazilian productions on the subject. In the field research, according to pre-established criteria, we tried to observe the participation of children of four (4) years of age in times of conversation wheel, made from the conduct of teachers, in five (5) Municipal Centres Education Infantil - CMEI - the city of Goiania. In total documented nineteen (19) times through filmic records. There were also interviews with professionals. To achieve the set goals, we proceeded to the analysis of the contents in the light of the theoretical framework of Historical and Dialectical Materialism, which is based on discussions of human production and its constituent links in history, the movement, the class contradictions and action - activity among humans. The results of this research indicated the conversation wheel as a highly instrumented activity and organized from adult conceptions, with regard to the routine and living together. The chapters of the dissertation discourse on issues that, articulated and located in the historical, social and cultural context, give texture to the proposed theme. The discussions of the chapters are as themed: childhood, child rights and child participation; political and pedagogical importance of participation in the conversation wheel; between children and adults: the role on the wheel; possibilities and limits of participation of children in the conversation runs on Early Childhood contexts. The research enabled us to understand aspects of the meaning and significance of participation in this educational activity performed in daily life of the institutions and their role in educational practice.
A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a participação das crianças nas rodas de conversa no contexto da Educação Infantil e procura elucidá-la a partir das seguintes questões centrais: Quais as formas e significados da participação das crianças na roda de conversa? É possível perceber alterações na ação educativa e pedagógica a partir do que as crianças trazem para a conversa na roda? Objetiva-se reconhecer elementos e estratégias que possibilitam e-ou limitam a participação das crianças nesses momentos. Tomam-se como referências de estudos e pesquisas autores como Gaitán, Hart, Fernandes, Espinar, Sarmento e Coutinho. A despeito das inúmeras possibilidades de compreensão sobre a participação das crianças na roda de conversa, aqui ela é tomada como lugar que possibilita a participação política e pedagógica desses sujeitos. Foi realizada uma análise das produções acadêmicas (teses e dissertações) inscritas no banco de teses da Capes nos últimos cinco anos com o intuito de conhecer as produções brasileiras sobre a temática. Na pesquisa de campo, de acordo com critérios preestabelecidos, buscou-se observar a participação das crianças de quatro (4) anos de idade nos momentos de roda de conversa, realizados a partir da condução das professoras, em cinco (5) Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil - CMEI - da cidade de Goiânia. No total foram documentados dezenove (19) momentos, por meio de registros fílmicos. Realizaram-se, também, entrevistas com as profissionais. Para alcançar os objetivos definidos, procedeu-se às análises dos conteúdos à luz da matriz teórica do Materialismo Histórico Dialético, que se baseia nas discussões da produção humana e seus nexos constitutivos na história, no movimento, nas contradições de classe e na ação-atividade entre seres humanos. Os resultados dessa investigação indicaram a roda de conversa como uma atividade altamente instrumentalizada e organizada a partir das concepções dos adultos, no que se refere à rotina e à convivência coletiva. Os capítulos que compõem a dissertação discorrem sobre temáticas que, articuladas e situadas no contexto histórico, social e cultural, dão tessitura ao tema proposto. As discussões dos capítulos estão assim tematizadas: infância, criança, direitos e participação infantil; a importância política e pedagógica da participação na roda de conversa; entre criança e adultos: o protagonismo na roda; possibilidades e limites da participação das crianças na roda de conversa em contextos de Educação Infantil. A pesquisa possibilitou compreender aspectos do sentido e significado da participação nessa atividade pedagógica realizada no cotidiano das instituições e o seu papel na prática educativa.

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Lucero, David Milford. "Impact of Intercultural Competence on Communicative Success in L2 Environments(With Reference to Missionaries of The Church ofJesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7775.

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This study explores the impact of cultural competence on success in completing key missionary tasks. Qualitative survey results are supported by data from an intercultural effectiveness assessment and a Mandarin Chinese listening proficiency test to describe themes related to missionary communicative success and to explore correlations between intercultural effectiveness and listening proficiency. Missionary communicative tasks are clarified into themes:"obtaining referrals,"obtaining teaching opportunities," and"helping people make and keep commitments." Factors perceived as associating with communicative success include"feeling and communicating love" and receiving"spiritual guidance." The effect of training on intercultural competence is also described. The intercultural effectiveness subcategory of positive regard is shown to have significant correlation with listening proficiency and with missionaries' perceptions of their own awareness of Chinese culture. Suggestions are made for further research and program development.

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Bracciale, Paolo. "Tra parole ed emozioni: interpretare per la televisione di intrattenimento. Il caso dell'interpretazione simultanea dal russo in italiano". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20574/.

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Il presente elaborato è dedicato allo studio della trasmissione vocale non-verbale (paraverbale) delle emozioni in interpretazione simultanea per la televisione di intrattenimento. Il primo capitolo si pone l’obiettivo di esplorare il mondo delle emozioni umane: di darne una definizione, di descriverne natura e funzioni, nonché di analizzarne brevemente l’espressione tramite parole (livello verbale), gesti (livello non-verbale) e voce (livello paraverbale). Il secondo capitolo rappresenta un approfondimento del livello paraverbale e consiste nello studio dei tratti vocali, della loro suddivisione in informativi (extralinguistici) e comunicativi (paralinguistici), nonché del raggruppamento di questi ultimi in un codice dotato di regole proprie. Il terzo capitolo funge da ponte tra lo studio delle emozioni e della loro espressione vocale e quello della televisione di intrattenimento: in questa parte verranno delineate le principali caratteristiche della Conversazione-Spettacolo dal punto di vista discorsivo e interpretativo. Il quarto capitolo riguarda la presentazione di un esperimento pratico di interpretazione simultanea dal russo in italiano di un’intervista a un ospite russofono invitato negli studi di un talk show. Un elemento interessante del presente capitolo consiste nell’uso, per la trascrizione del testo dell’esperimento e delle rese dei candidati, del codice dei segni vocali paralinguistici ideato nel secondo capitolo. Il quinto e ultimo capitolo è dedicato, invece, alla rielaborazione di quattro interviste a interpreti professionisti nell’ambito della televisione di intrattenimento. Partendo dalle conclusioni dell’esperimento, l’obiettivo è quello di passare in rassegna le strategie che possono essere messe in pratica per produrre una resa quanto più fruibile possibile per una platea di telespettatori.

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Gomes, Guilherme Monteiro. "Modulação do sistema das poliaminas e bloqueio seletivo de correntes de K+ do tipo A reverte o dano cognitivo induzido por peptídeo β-amiloide25-35". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4483.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
In Alzheimer s disease (AD), β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) has been linked with synaptic loss and cognitive dysfunction, albeit the precise mechanism remains unknown. An involvement of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDAR) in AD is proposed, since its inhibition attenuates some aspects of AD s neuropathology. In this regard, polyamines, like spermidine and spermine, positive modulators of NMDARs, have been shown to have both concentration and synthesis increased by Aβ. Using the novel object recognition task we showed that negative modulation of polyamine system, been trough blockade of its binding site at NMDAR by arcaine (0.02 nmol/site), traxoprodil (0.002 nmol/site), or inhibition of polyamine synthesis by DFMO (2.7 nmol/site), reverses Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment in mice. The activation of polyamine binding site at NMDAR located at extrasynaptic sites might underlie the cognitive deficits of Aβ25-35-treated mice, since incubation of hippocampal neuron cultures with spermidine (400 μM) or Aβ25-35 (10 μM) significantly increased nuclear accumulation of jacob protein, a marker of extrasynaptic NMDAR activation. Moreover, traxoprodil (4nM), arcaine (4 μM) or DFMO (5 μM) blocked the Aβ-induced jacob nuclear translocation. Activation of extrasynaptic NMDAR in neurons leads to striping of synaptic contacts and simplification of neuronal cytoarchitecture. Incubation of hippocampal neuron cultures with traxoprodil (4 Nm), arcaine (4 μM) or DFMO (5 μM) reversed the deleterious effects of Aβ25-35 on dendritic spine number and spine morphology. We also evaluated the involvement of A-type K+ currents on the Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment. Administration of Tx3-1 (3 100 pmol/site), a selective IA blocker, restored memory of mice injected with Aβ25-35 and tested on the novel object recognition task The reversal of memory impairment and the protective effect on dendritic spine alterations exerted by the modulators of the polyamine system suggest the polyamine binding site at extrasynaptic NMDAR a potential player in Aβ-induced cognitive deficit.
O peptídeo β-amiloide (Aβ), reconhecido como agente tóxico na Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é implicado como causador de danos cognitivos e sinápticos, apesar de os mecanismos não serem completamente compreendidos. O envolvimento do receptor N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA) na DA é sugerido, visto que o seu bloqueio atenua alguns aspectos neuropatológicos da DA. Nesse contexto, tem sido demonstrado que as poliaminas, como espermidina e espermina, moduladores positivos do receptor NMDA, possuem níveis e síntese elevada tanto no cérebro de pacientes com DA como em preparações in vitro utilizando o peptídeo Aβ. Neste estudo demonstrou-se que a modulação do sistema das poliaminas, através do bloqueio do seu sítio de ligação no receptor NMDA por arcaína (0,02 nmol/sítio), traxoprodil (0,002 nmol/sítio) ou da inibição de sua síntese por DFMO (2,7 nmol/sítio), reverte o déficit cognitivo induzido pela injeção de Aβ25-35 em camundongos testados na tarefa de reconhecimento de objetos. A ativação do sítio de ligação das poliaminas em receptores NMDA extrassinápticos pode subjazer o déficit cognitivo de camundongos injetados com Aβ25-35, visto que a incubação de culturas primárias de neurônios hipocampais com espermidina (400 μM), NMDA (200 μM) ou Aβ25-35 (10 μM) aumenta o acúmulo nuclear de jacob, um marcador de ativação de receptores NMDA extrassinápticos, de maneira significante. Ademais, traxoprodil (4 nM), arcaína (4 μM) ou DFMO (5 μM) bloquearam o acúmulo nuclear de jacob induzido por Aβ. A ativação de receptores NMDA extrassinápticos em neurônios leva a simplificação da citoarquitetura neuronal e a diminuição de contatos sinápticos. Aqui demonstrou-se que a incubação de culturas de neurônios hipocampais com traxoprodil (4 nM), arcaína (4 μM) ou DFMO (5 μM) reverte as alterações na a densidade e morfologia de espinhas dendríticas induzido pela incubação com Aβ25-35. Ainda, também avaliou-se o envolvimento de correntes de K+ do tipo A no déficit cognitivo induzido pela injeção i.c.v. de Aβ25-35. A administração de Tx3-1 (3 100 pmol/sítio), um bloqueador seletivo de correntes IA, reverteu o prejuízo de memória de camundongos injetados com Aβ25-35 e testados na tarefa de reconhecimento de objetos. A reversão dos danos cognitivos e sinápticos induzidos por Aβ25-35 através da modulação do sistema das poliaminas sugere a estimulação do sítio de ligação das poliaminas no receptor NMDA, possivelmente extrassínaptico, como um dos mecanimos por trás do déficit cognitivo induzido pelo peptídeo Aβ.

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Bernardes, Jader. "Aplicação do método Peer Instruction na abordagem das leis de Newton no ensino médio". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/152771.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração de uma sequência didática em nível de Ensino Médio sobre Leis de Newton, para ser utilizada com o método de ensino Peer Instruction. (Instrução pelos Colegas). Esta sequência didática foi aplicada em quatro turmas (totalizando 118 alunos) da primeira série do Ensino Médio Técnico de uma escola pública de Novo Hamburgo – RS. A concepção de todo o material elaborado foi alicerçada na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Paul Ausubel. As aulas foram estruturadas em sete encontros de uma hora e quarenta minutos cada um, sendo que em seis deles foi empregado o método Peer Instruction para a aprendizagem conceitual do conteúdo, intercalando-se questões envolvendo cálculos e o último encontro foi destinado à avaliação de todas as etapas do processo. A análise dos dados revela que as turmas obtiveram ganhos significativos de aprendizagem. Observou-se que as discussões entre os colegas foram proveitosas, propiciando a participação dos alunos como protagonistas do seu próprio processo de ensino-aprendizagem e levaram a um aumento do percentual de acertos das questões conceituais propostas. O retorno dado pelos alunos demonstra que a dinâmica da aula os motiva a trabalhar e os mantêm envolvidos com o trabalho por mais tempo. Conclui-se que esta sistemática pode se estender a outros conteúdos da Física, aumentando a interação entre os alunos e a reflexão crítica sobre os fenômenos que estão sendo abordados. Para a aplicação desta proposta foram elaboradas: tarefas prévias, os momentos da sequência didática e um banco de questões conceituais.
This work aimed to develop a high school level didactical sequence about Newton’s Laws of motion, suitable for use with Peer Instruction teaching method. This didactical sequence was implemented in four first grade classes (totaling 118 students) of a public technical High School in Novo Hamburgo (Brazil). The conception of all material was based on David Paul Ausubel’s Meaningful Learning Theory. The classes were organized in seven meetings of one hour and forty minutes each. The Peer Instruction method was used for conceptual learning during six of these meetings, interspersing questions involving calculations. The last meeting was dedicated to evaluate all the stages of the process. The performance analysis of the data reveals that the students obtained significant learning gains. The discussions among the students were useful, allowing the participation of students as protagonists of their own teaching-learning process and led to an increase in the percentage of correct answers to the proposed conceptual questions. The feedback given by the students demonstrates that the dynamics of the class motivates them to work and keeps them involved with the work. We can conclude that this systematics can be extended to other contents of Physics, stimulating the interaction between the students and the reflection on the phenomena that are being approached. For the application of this proposal were elaborated: previous tasks, a didactical sequence in moments and a bank of conceptual questions.

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Conte, Fabio Frangiotti. "Organização genomica das sequencias subtelomericas (TAS - "Telomere associated sequences") de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis e identificação de proteinas que reconhecem especificamente estas sequencias". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317098.

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Orientador: Maria Isabel Nogueira Cano
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Os telômeros são complexos de DNA e proteínas que protegem os cromossomos eucarióticos da degradação e fusão terminais, garantindo a estabilidade genômica. As seqüências teloméricas são ricas em guaninas e na maioria dos eucariotos terminam em uma protrusão 3' simples fita denominada de "3'G-overhang". As seqüências adjacentes aos telômeros constituem a região subtelomérica, a qual em Leishmania spp., diferentemente de Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei e Plasmodium falciparum, não contém genes que codificam antígenos de superfície. Fu & Barker (1998) caracterizaram essa região em diferentes espécies do gênero Leishmania e verificaram que a mesma possui blocos de uma sequência de 100 pb conhecida como "Leishmania Conserved Telomere Associated Sequences" (LCT AS), a qual aparece flanqueada por repetições teloméricas. Há dois blocos de seqüências conservadas (CSBl e CSB2) que fazem parte das LCTAS e que têm diferente organização e número de cópias na região subtelomérica (Fu & Barker, 1998). Devido ao alto grau de conservação das seqüências desses elementos, sugere-se que estes desempenhem função importante no processo de segregação dos cromossomos e que possam conter sítios para ligação de proteínas do complexo telomérico. O intuito principal deste projeto de Mestrado foi estudar a organização genômica de seqüências da região teloméricalsubtelomérica de Leishmania amazonensis. A partir dos resultados dos "Southem blottings" e dos ensaios de cinética de digestão com a exonuclease Bal31 foi possível estimar que os Fragmentos de Restrição Terminais (TRF "Terminal Restriction Fragments") de L. amazonensis possuem aproximadamente 3,3 kb e que o tamanho médio dos telômeros varia de 0,2 a 1,0 kb. Além disso, as hibridizações com as seqüências CSBl e CSB2 das LCTAS revelaram que esses domínios aparecem como blocos de 0,2 a 1,6 kb, flanqueados por sítios HaeIII, e que CSB 1 e CSB2 encontram-se em menor número de cópias em relação à seqüência telomérica. Demonstrou-se também que há sítios HinjI presentes nas regiões subteloméricas da maioria dos cromossomos, assim como sítios AfaI em posição distal e próximos ao término dos cromossomos. Utilizando-se "Southem blotting" não denaturante, estimou-se o tamanho e a seqüência da protrusão "3'G-overhang" dos cromossomos de L. amazonensis. Essa estrutura possui 2: 12 nucleotídeos e difere das outras espécies do gênero Leishmania por apenas três nucleotídeos na extremidade 3' . Para confirmar os resultados acima, realizou-se a hibridização com as seqüências telomérica e subteloméricas dos cromossomos de L. amazonensis separados por PFGE. Os cromossomos foram separados em 25 bandas coradas com brometo de etídeo com pesos moleculares variando de 0,35 2: 3,0 Mb. Todas as bandas hibridizaram com as seqüências telomérica e subtelomérica, indicando que as mesmas são moléculas lineares. Os experimentos de PFGE em segunda dimensão foram usados com o objetivo de se analisar a organização dessas seqüências nos cromossomos e demonstraram que a maioria dos telômeros de L. amazonensis são polimórficos em tamanho. Um modelo hipotético para essa organização foi proposto. Os ensaios de "Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay" (EMSA) e "UV cross-linking" foram utilizados para identificar proteínas formadoras de complexos com os elementos subteloméricos conservados e com a repetição telomérica na forma de dupla-fita. Resultados preliminares demonstraram a existência de três complexos DNA-proteína denominados LaCIF para "Leishmania CSB2 Interacting Factor" e LaTAFI-2 para "Leishmania Telomere Associated Factor 1 and 2". Todos os complexos foram formados com proteínas presentes em extratos S1OO e nuclear e com sondas na forma de dupla-fita. Nenhum complexo foi formado quando se utilizou a seqüência CSB 1 como sonda. Os resultados obtidos neste projeto, apesar de preliminares, poderão contribuir para uma maior compreensão sobre a organização estrutural e sobre a composição da cromatina na região teloméricalsubtelomérica de L. amazonensis, o principal agente etiológico da leishmaniose cutânea e cutâneo-difusa no Brasil
Abstract: Telomeres are protein-DNA complexes that protect eukaryotic chromosomes from degradation and end fusions, ensuring genomic stability. The telomeric sequences are guanine-rich and in most eukaryotes telomeres end as "3'G-overhangs". The subtelomeric region is adjacent to telomeres and in Leishmania spp., unlike Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei and Plasmodium falciparum, does not contain sequences encoding for surface antigens. Fu & Barker (1998) have characterized this region in different species ofthe genus Leishmania and verified that it is formed by blocks of 100 bp sequences named "Leishmania Conserved Telomere Associated Sequences" (LCTAS). LCTAS are flanqued by telomeric repeats and contain two conserved sequence elements, CSB 1 and CSB2, which differ in organization and distribution (Fu & Barker, 1998). Due to the high degree of sequence conservation between CSBl and CSB2 the authors sugested that these subtelomeric domains may play important role in the process of chromosome segregation and that they could harbor binding sites for telomeric proteins. The main goal of this project was to study the genomic organization of telomeric/subtelomeric sequences of Leishmania amazonensis. From the results obtained with Southem blottings and exonuclease Bal31 treatment it was possible to estimate that the length of Terminal Restriction Fragments (TRF) of L. amazonensis is about 3.3 kb and that telomeres range in size from 0.2 to 1.0 kb. Using the same approaches it was also possible to observe that CSB 1 and CSB2 subtelomeric elements are organized as segments of 0.2 to 1.6 kb, flanqued by HaeIlI sites, and that they are present in lower copy number than the telomeric sequence. It was also possible to demonstrated most of Leishmania amazonensis chromosomes contain HinjI and AfaI sites at subtelomeric positions and that AfaI sites are located at a more distal position in relation to the center of the chromosome. Using non-denaturing Southem blotting it was possible to estimate the sequence and size of the 3' G-overhang in L. amazonensis chromosomes. These structures are about _ 12 nucleotides long and differ from other species of Leishmania by only three nucleotides at the 3' end. To confirm the above results, L. amazonensis chromosomes were separated by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and hibridized with telomeric and subtelomeric sequences. The results showed that, under our standard conditions, all L. amazonensis chromosomes can be separated in a unique gel as 25 ethidium-bromide bands whose molecular weights vary from 0.35 - _ 3.0 Mb. All ofthese bands hybridized with the telomeric and subtelomeric sequences, indicating that they are linear molecules. PFGE in second dimension was used to analyse the organization of these sequences at the chromosome leveI and demonstrated that most of L. amazonensis telomeres are polimorfic in size. A hypothetical model for this organization was proposed. Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and UV cross-linking were used to identify protein forming-complexes with the conserved subtelomeric elements and with the telomeric repeat in double-stranded formo Pre1iminary results demonstrated the existence of three protein-DNA complexes named LaCIF for "Leishmania CSB2 Interacting Factor" and LaTAFI-2 for "Leishmania Telomere Associated Factor 1 and 2". AlI complexes were formed with proteins present in S100 and nuclear extracts and with the oligoprobes in double-stranded form. No complex was formed when the assays were done with CSB 1 as the oligoprobe. The results obtained in the present work, although in part preliminary, will contribute to a better understand of the estructural organization of the chromosome terminus and the composition of the chromatin in the telomeric/subtelomeric region of L. amazonensis, the main ethiologic agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil
Mestrado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

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49

Mansouri, Farouk. "Modèles de programmation des applications de traitement du signal et de l'image sur cluster parallèle et hétérogène". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT063/document.

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Depuis une dizaine d'année, l'évolution des machines de calcul tend vers des architectures parallèles et hétérogènes. Composées de plusieurs nœuds connectés via un réseau incluant chacun des unités de traitement hétérogènes, ces grilles offrent de grandes performances. Pour programmer ces architectures, l'utilisateur doit s'appuyer sur des modèles de programmation comme MPI, OpenMP, CUDA. Toutefois, il est toujours difficile d'obtenir à la fois une bonne productivité du programmeur, qui passe par une abstraction des spécificités de l'architecture et performances. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'exploiter l'idée qu'un modèle de programmation spécifique à un domaine applicatif particulier permet de concilier ces deux objectifs antagonistes. En effet, en caractérisant une famille d'applications, il est possible d'identifier des abstractions de haut niveau permettant de les modéliser. Nous proposons deux modèles spécifiques au traitement du signal et de l'image sur cluster hétérogène. Le premier modèle est statique. Nous lui apportons une fonctionnalité de migration de tâches. Le second est dynamique, basé sur le support exécutif StarPU. Les deux modèles offrent d'une part un haut niveau d'abstraction en modélisant les applications de traitement du signal et de l'image sous forme de graphe de flot de données et d'autre part, ils permettent d'exploiter efficacement les différents niveaux de parallélisme tâche, données, graphe. Ces deux modèles sont validés par plusieurs implémentations et comparaisons incluant deux applications de traitement de l'image du monde réel sur cluster CPU-GPU
Since a decade, computing systems evolved to parallel and heterogeneous architectures. Composed of several nodes connected via a network and including heterogeneous processing units, clusters achieve high performances. To program these architectures, the user must rely on programming models such as MPI, OpenMP or CUDA. However, it is still difficult to conciliate productivity provided by abstracting the architectural specificities, and performances. In this thesis, we exploit the idea that a programming model specific to a particular domain of application can achieve these antagonist goals. In fact, by characterizing a family of application, it is possible to identify high level abstractions to efficiently model them. We propose two models specific to the implementation of signal and image processing applications on heterogeneous clusters. The first model is static. We enrich it with a task migration feature. The second model is dynamic, based on the StarPU runtime. Both models offer firstly a high level of abstraction by modeling image and signal applications as a data flow graph and secondly they efficiently exploit task, data and graph parallelisms. We validate these models with different implementations and comparisons including two real-world applications of images processing on a CPU-GPU cluster

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50

Stopper, Sebastian. "Das Brjansker Gebiet unter der Besatzungsherrschaft der Wehrmacht 1941 bis 1943". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16760.

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Während des deutsch-sowjetischen Krieges war ab Herbst 1941 das Gebiet um die russische Stadt Brjansk von der Wehrmacht besetzt. Die 2. Panzerarmee verwaltete dieses Territorium über den Kommandanten des rückwärtigen Armeegebietes 532. Wie überall im besetzten Gebiet verübten die Einsatzgruppen des SD zahlreiche Morde und es kam zum Massensterben der Kriegsgefangenen in den Durchgangslagern. Starke, in den ausgedehnten Waldmassiven versteckte sowjetische Partisanenverbände erschwerten die Beherrschung des ausgedehnten Raumes. Aufgrund des Mangels an deutschen Soldaten wurden zahlreiche Bewachungseinheiten aus Einheimischen und Kriegsgefangenen gebildet. Der Kommandeur der Armee Generaloberst Rudolf Schmidt ging sogar so weit, einen von der russischen Bevölkerung vollständig selbst verwalteten Bezirk zuzulassen. Kollaboration mit den deutschen Besatzern war ein weit verbreitetes Phänomen, während gleichzeitig in den Wäldern die Partisanen herrschten. Die Sicherungsverbände führten zahlreiche Antipartisanenunternehmen durch, die meist ohne anhaltende Erfolge blieben, aber in deren Verlauf zahlreiche Zivilisten als vermeintliche Partisanen getötet wurden. Obwohl die Besatzungsherrschaft der Wehrmacht in diesem Gebiet von der in Berlin beschlossenen Generallinie der Ausbeutung, Unterdrückung und Vernichtung in vielem abwich, wurde nicht für eine ausreichende Ernährung der Bevölkerung gesorgt. Dem Hunger und dem Partisanenkrieg fielen bis zum Rückzug der Wehrmacht im Herbst 1943 tausende Zivilisten zum Opfer.
During the German-Soviet war by autumn 1941 the area around the Russian city Bryansk was occupied by the Wehrmacht. The Second Tank Army administrated this territory through the commander of the backward area of the army 532. Like everywhere in the occupied territories the Einsatzgruppen of the SD committed numerous murders and it came to the widespread deaths of the prisoners of war in the transit camps. Strong Soviet partisan groups hidden in the vast forest massifs complicated the control of the vast area. On account of the lack of German soldiers numerous guarding units from locals and prisoners of war were formed. The commander of the army senior general Rudolf Schmidt went even so far of admitting a district completely administered by Russians themselves. Collaboration with the occupying forces was a widespread phenomenon, while at the same time in the woods the partisans ruled. The guarding troops carried out numerous anti-partisan operations which mostly remained without during success but killed numerous civilians as putative partisans in the course. Although the occupation of the Wehrmacht in this area in many aspects deviated from the in Berlin concluded general line of exploitation, suppression and destruction, it was not provided for a sufficient supply of food for the population. Until the retreat of the Wehrmacht in autumn 1943 thousand of civilians fell victim to hunger and partisan warfare.

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