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kavoori, anandam. "Dull as Dachau". Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 21, n.º 1 (15 de junio de 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708620931128.
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Dull as Dachau is a reflexive, autoethnographic account of the contrived engagement of American undergraduates (from a privileged background) of a class-mandated visit to the Dachau Concentration Camp, near Munich, Germany. Written as a poem, with commentary/contextual referencing in end notes, the essay explores the transactional nature of dark tourism and offers a critique of such pedagogical engagements with history, especially in the context of American undergraduate education and the study abroad enterprise.
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RODRIGUES, Raimundo Nonato Delgado. "Francis Rohmer: from the neurological ward to Dachau and back". Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 78, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190116.
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ABSTRACT The author presents a brief synopsis of the life and works of Professor Francis Rohmer, a French neurologist whose great relevance to the development of the French Neurological Society is only outshined by his humanistic role, in spite of harsh conditions, when a prisoner at the Dachau Concentration Camp in Germany, during World War II.
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Naujalis, Jonas Remigijus y Radvilė Rimgailė-Voicik. "Plant community associations and complexes of associations in the Lithuanian seashore: retrospective on the studies and tragic fate of the botanist Dr Abromas Kisinas (1899-1945)". Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 63, n.º 3 (18 de mayo de 2016): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2016.1154320.
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The life and scientific activities and discoveries of Dr Abromas Kisinas (1899–1945, also appearing in the literature as Avraham, Abraham, Kisin or Kissin) are presented here for the first time. He was a botanist, a Lithuanian, a graduate of Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas, a polyglot and a social figure. In 1936, Kisinas’ major phytosociological work “Plant Associations and Complexes of Associations in Lithuanian Seaside (without Klaipėda Region)” was published in the Works of Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. The publication was written in Lithuanian with a summary in German and summarized Kisinas’ PhD dissertation, which was defended in 1934 under the supervision of Prof. Constantin Regel. In his research, Kisinas applied ideas proposed by the Uppsala School of Phytosociology. For plant communities evaluation he used linear transects with 1 m2, 4 m2 and 16 m2 sampling squares. In a 15 km seashore range Kisinas determined 63 plant community associations and 26 sub-associations. The fate of this gifted scientist was tragic. In 1941 he and his family were deported to the Kaunas Ghetto. In 1945 Kisinas died at the Dachau concentration camp in Germany.
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Martin, Robert M. "Using Nazi Scientific Data". Dialogue 25, n.º 3 (1986): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300020850.
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In a series of experiments done in wartime Nazi Germany, inmates of the Dachau concentration camp were exposed to cold by being immersed in ice water, or kept outside in freezing temperatures; their responses were measured, and various techniques were used in an attempt to revive them. The immediate application of these hypothermia studies was to the war effort, to try to protect or save soldiers exposed to cold water or air. An account of the procedures and results of these experiments was written by an American officer, Major Leo Alexander, on the basis of his post-war discovery of documents and interviews in Germany. These reports reveal the ghastly and abominable details of the experiments.Recent scientific work in British Columbia has caused some ethical debate when it consulted the Alexander report and used some of the Nazi experimental data. The scientists in the Hypothermia Unit of the University of Victoria, unsurprisingly but reassuringly, have no intention of repeating the Nazi atrocities, and condemn them. The current controversy concerns the morality of their using the Alexander data in their study. This out-of-the-way case has some small intrinsic interest; but its consideration leads to broader concerns.
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Wąsowicz, Jarosław. "Ofiary niemieckich obozów koncentracyjnych spośród duchowieństwa więzionego w obozie internowania w Kazimierzu Biskupim". Polonia Maior Orientalis 5 (2018): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/27204006pmo.18.008.16036.
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Obóz internowania dla duchowieństwa w klasztorze Księży Misjonarzy Świętej Rodziny w Kazimierzu Biskupim funkcjonował w okresie od 9 listopada 1939 r. do 26 sierpnia 1940 r. Był pierwszym tego typu miejscem odosobnienia dla duchownych zorganizowanym przez Niemców na terenie Wielkopolski. Największa grupę więzionych w Kazimierzu Biskupim stanowili gospodarze klasztoru Księża Misjonarze Świętej Rodziny oraz kapłani archidiecezji poznańskiej i gnieźnieńskiej. Łącznie w Kazimierzu Biskupim były internowane 42 osoby duchowne. Część z nich została wywieziona do niemieckich obozów zagłady, głównie do KL Dachau, gdzie ośmiu poniosło śmierć męczeńską. Opracowanie przybliża ich sylwetki. The victims of german concentration camps among the priesthood imprisoned in the internment camp in Kazimierz Biskupi The intermnemt camp monastery of Missionary Fathers and Brothers of the Holy Family perform for a certain period of time between 9th November 1939 – 26th August 1940. It was the very first such place of isolation for priests which was organized by Germans in Wielkopolska. The most numerous group of prisioners was the group of Missionary Fathers and Brothers of the Holy Family and priests of archbishopric in Poznań and archbishopric in Gniezno. There were imprisioned fourty-two of. clergyman in Kazimierz Biskupi. Some of the priests were taken out to the Nazi-German concentration camps mainly to KL Dachau were eight of them met their martyr death. The submitted study describes and portraiture their character in life.
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Szkutnik, Piotr. "Ksiądz Józef Piekieliński (Piekielny) (1897–1942), ofiara obozu koncentracyjnego w Dachau". Biuletyn Szadkowski 12 (30 de diciembre de 2012): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1643-0700.12.03.
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Father Józef Piekieliński was born in 1897 in Szadek, where his family lived. After finishing the Theological Seminary in Włocławek he worked as catechist and curate in a number of parishes in Kujawsko-Kaliska diocese, and then in Częstochowa diocese. In the period 1932–1941 he was the parish priest in Jaworzno near Wieluń. During massive arrests of Polish clergy by Germans in 1941he was imprisoned in the concentration camp in Dachau, where he died in 1942.
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Czerwiński, Maciej. "Bezradność słów. Ante Kesicia „fikcja” o Zagładzie". Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne, n.º 12 (21 de septiembre de 2017): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pss.2017.12.4.
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In the article one book written by the Croatian author, Ante Kesić, is taken into consideration. The novel Black Snow, published in 1957, narrates about a Slovenian young woman, Breda, who was caught by the Germans in Ljubljana (for her contacts with communist partisans) and sent to the Dachau Concentration Camp. Although not of Jewish origins she encounters the Holocaust of the Jews in the camp and gets pregnant with a Jewish artist. The novel conceptualizes tragedy of war and the Holocaust in a very experimental way, by using a range of modernist, avant-garde or even surrealist literary techniques. The author attempts to invent a new language with a new grammar that would enable to express something that is not expressible.
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Bosman, Frank G. "God Was Never there God and the Shoah in the Netflix Series Jaguar". Perichoresis 21, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2023): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/perc-2023-0019.
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Abstract On September 22, 2021, the Spanish series Jaguar was released on Netflix. Its six episodes of season one (a second season is yet to be confirmed) focus on a fictional band of Nazi-hunters in Spain, somewhere in the 1960s, calling themselves “Jaguars” (hence the series’ title). All but one Jaguar member are survivors of several German concentration camps, and dedicate their lives to bring Nazi war criminals, who are spending their days in luxury under the protection of the Franco regime in Spain, to justice. One of the Jaguars is Marsé (Francesc Garrido), a bearded man in his forties, and the team’s dedicated driver. Step by step, the viewer of Jaguar learns his background story: ordained a Roman Catholic priest, he renounced his faith after having witnessed and experienced the horrors of the Nazi regime in Dachau concentration camp. Marsé still struggles with his former faith and occasionally shares his theological insights with his teammates, especially with the series’ protagonist Isabel Garrido.
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Monteath, Peter. "The politics of memory: Germany and its concentration camp memorials". European Legacy 1, n.º 1 (marzo de 1996): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848779608579364.
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Anderton, Abby. "Displaced Music: The Ex-Concentration Camp Orchestra in Postwar Germany". Journal of Musicological Research 34, n.º 2 (3 de abril de 2015): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411896.2015.1020249.
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Greif, Gideon. "Jasenovac, the camp and its historical and moral meaning". Napredak 3, n.º 2 (2022): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/napredak3-39588.
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The paper gives an overview and stages of the development of the Ustasha concentration camp Jasenovac, during the existence of the "Independent State of Croatia" (ISC) in World War II. The fact is emphasized that the policy of the "Final solution" (for Jews and Romas, and in Croatia for Serbs as well), which was implemented by Nazi Germany, chronologically looking, was actually first applied in the ISC, and then in Germany. According to several criteria, the comparison is made between the concentration camps Auschwitz and Jasenovac, while particularly insisting on the brutality in the Ustasha killing of the victims in Jasenovac.
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Hachtmann, Rüdiger. "Fordism and Unfree Labour: Aspects of the Work Deployment of Concentration Camp Prisoners in German Industry between 1941 and 1944". International Review of Social History 55, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2010): 485–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859010000416.
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SummaryThis article examines the relationship between Fordism and unfree labour in Nazi Germany. Fordism is understood here as a form of workplace rationalization (especially assembly-line production), but also as a “technology of domination” and an “exploitation innovation”. In contrast to the Weimar Republic, Fordism was established in broad sectors of German industry under Nazi rule in the form of “war Fordism”. In order to examine the connections between the specific historical variants of these two apparently contradictory production regimes – Fordism and forced labour – the article focuses on the “labour deployment” of the most severely terrorized and brutalized group of labourers in Nazi Germany: concentration camp prisoners. Surveying the existing literature, it explores the compatibilities and tensions between Fordism and the deployments of concentration camp prisoners in German industry. In closing, several theses are presented on how Fordism between 1941 and 1944 can be classified within an entire history of Fordism in Germany.
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ZWEIG, RONALD W. "FEEDING THE CAMPS: ALLIED BLOCKADE POLICY AND THE RELIEF OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS IN GERMANY, 1944–1945". Historical Journal 41, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1998): 825–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x98008012.
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In the twelve months preceding the end of the Second World War, the International Committee of the Red Cross and various voluntary organizations acting with the Red Cross, were able to dispatch food parcels to increasingly large numbers of concentration camp inmates in Germany and German-controlled territory. As Allied pressure on Germany increased during the last months of the war, the possibilities of sending large-scale relief into the camps prior to their liberation expanded dramatically. However, Allied blockade policy was so deeply entrenched that it was almost impossible for these possibilities to be fully exploited. Official relief agencies failed to convince Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) that improving the rations of the camp inmates would not strengthen the German working force but would alleviate the problems that SHAEF itself would confront when it liberated the camps shortly thereafter.
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Ljubić, Lazar. "Bishop Nicholai of Žiča in Vojlovica Monastery — Captivity, Activity, and Heritage". Nicholai Studies International Journal for Research of Theological and Ecclesiastical Contribution of Nicholai Velimirovich III, n.º 6 (21 de julio de 2023): 249–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.58199/nicholaistudies/ns.2023.3.6.249-294.
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Bishop Nicholai Velimirovich of Žiča was imprisoned by the Germans in the Vojlovica Monastery in Banat from December 16, 1942, after which he was transferred from a detention facility to the Ljubostinja Monastery, until September 14, 1944, when he was taken to the Dachau concentration camp. Serbian Patriarch Gavrilo Dožić was also imprisoned in Vojlovica during the Second World War, alongside many other clerics of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The text first briefly describes the circumstances that led to the Bishop’s imprisonment, after which it continues with the Bishop’s stay in Vojlovica. He was imprisoned due to his actions posing a threat to the German occupation authorities in Serbia. He spent almost two years in Banat, passing his every day in prayers, writing, and translating. Following that, in the next, larger part of the text, his literary and translation activity is analyzed. His most important literary works include the Vojlovica Stoslov [Vojlovica Century] and the Canon of the Blessed Virgin Mary. As for his translation work, the most important is the one of the New Testament. In the end, the spiritual and material heritage of Bishop Nicholai in Vojlovica is discussed and a kind of museumization is proposed for his personal items and manuscripts. The research material is drawn first from published historical sources, i.e. diaries and memoirs from other Vojlovica prisoners (Vasilije Kostić, Jovan Velimirović, Gavrilo Dožić) together with the published works of Bishop Nicholai, on top of relevant historiographical studies, as well as based on insights into the Bishop’s legacy, which is kept in the monastery, and oral testimonies. This text is a modest contribution to the biography and bibliography of Saint Nicholai Velimirovich and the history of the Serbian Orthodox Church and Vojlovica Monastery during World War II.
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Kudrin, Egor I. y Elena I. Serpionova. "Functional Specificity of the Guidebook to the Concentration Camp Memorial". Izvestia Ural Federal University Journal Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture 28, n.º 3 (2022): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv1.2022.28.3.057.
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This article forms part of series of comparative studies dealing with tourist guidebooks to the memorials of various former concentration camps in Germany published years ago during the GDR era and today. The authors substantiate the need to consider the former concentration camp memorial guidebook as an independent kind of genre identifying both functions for the memorial guidebook and inappropriate functions and underlying the need to expand the usual genre functionality of the guidebook. A new group of tourist guidebooks has been introduced. These are guidebooks of so-called places of traumatic memory as the former Nazi concentration camps can be considered. These guidebooks form homogeneous group among a vast variety of tourist guidebooks.
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Hoerner, Julian M., Alexander Jaax y Toni Rodon. "The long-term impact of the location of concentration camps on radical-right voting in Germany". Research & Politics 6, n.º 4 (octubre de 2019): 205316801989137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168019891376.
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Of all atrocities committed by state actors in 20th century Europe, the systematic killings by Nazi Germany were arguably the most severe and best documented. While several studies have investigated the impact of the presence of concentration camps on surrounding communities in Germany and the occupied territories in terms of redistribution of wealth and property, the local-level impact on voting behaviour has not yet been explored. We investigated the impact of spatial proximity to a concentration camp between 1933 and 1945 on the likelihood of voting for far-right parties in the 2013 and 2017 federal elections. We find that proximity to a former concentration camp is associated with a higher vote share of such parties. A potential explanation for this finding could be a ‘memory satiation effect’, according to which voters who live in close proximity to former camps and are more frequently confronted with the past are more receptive to revisionist historical accounts questioning the centrality of the Holocaust in the German culture of remembrance.
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Choi, Ho-Keun. "Mutual Aid and Resistance of Jewish Women under Nazi Germany: Focused on the Ravensbrück Concentration Camp". Korean Society of the History of Historiography 47 (30 de junio de 2023): 317–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29186/kjhh.2023.47.317.
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In Holocaust studies, Ravensbrück has received special attention along with Auschwitz. The reason is not limited to the fact that Ravensbrück was a women's camp. Ravensbrück in the late period is a suitable place to grasp women's experiences and memories during the Holocaust, as it was a complex camp where the goals of isolation, forced labor, and extermination were implemented at the same time. It is also noteworthy that Ravensbrück was the main target of large-scale rescue operations led by Sweden and Denmark at the end of World War II. The paper first reviews the status and characteristics of the Ravensbrück concentration camp based on the research so far. Next, it deals with the living environment and the solidarity formation of Jewish women in Ravensbrück. Finally, it identifies the patterns and meanings of self-help and resistance activities developed by Jewish female prisoners for survival. The paper argues that the category of resistance in the camps should be interpreted quite widely, taking into account the harsh environment of Ravensbrück. In addition, it emphasizes that Jewish female prisoners should be fully evaluated for continuing their lives in small groups, encouraging each other not to collapse from the inside, and developing self-esteem struggles.
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Aristov, Stanislav V. y Valentina N. Aristova. "The role of communication in the survival of Nazi concentration camp prisoners". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n.º 480 (2023): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/10.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the communication of prisoners of Nazi concentration camps as one of the factors in the prisoners' struggle for life in extreme conditions. The sources of the research are materials from Russian and foreign archives: the State Archive of the Russian Federation (Russia), the Yad Vashem Archive (Israel), the Security Service Archive (Ukraine), the Holocaust Memorial Archive (USA), the Bundesarchive (Germany), as well as published memoirs and interviews of former prisoners. In particular, the authors analyzed the testimony of former prisoners, criminal cases against the concentration camps' administrative and security personnel convicted in the course of post-war trials. As a result of their research, the authors concluded that language ability and communication played a critical role in the rescue of prisoners. If prisoners spoke several languages, mastered the internal camp jargon, and also managed to build communication with representatives of the camp administration, functionary prisoners and ordinary prisoners, their chances of survival increased significantly. If adaptation to the camp's linguistic realities did not take place, prisoners had practically no opportunity to escape. The authors examine the characteristics that determined the framework of the camp community, among which the main were Nazi ideological attitudes, as well as prisoners' pre-camp experience. They thoroughly analyze German and camp jargon - the languages that, if mastered, determined prisoners' survival. The authors show how German changed due to lexical and semantic neologisms and the role it played in prisoners' subjugation, demonstrate that the camp jargon developed in several directions - the formation of a single lingua franca and the formation of jargon in national groups of prisoners, and also pay particular attention to the role that translators played in the camp life. The authors characterize the basic models of camp communication: “SS man - ordinary prisoner”, “SS man - camp functionary”, “representative of the camp ‘elite' - ordinary prisoner”, “prisoner - prisoner”, “prisoner - civilian worker”, and note the possibility (or impossibility) of prisoners within each of them to be saved. Finally, the authors describe the role of communication in organizing the underground Resistance, in order not only to survive, but also to actively resist the Nazi terror.
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Koljanin, Milan. "The role of concentration camps in suppressing the uprising in Serbia in 1941". Vojno-istorijski glasnik, spec br (2022): 118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vig2200118k.
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The internment of tens of thousands of people in the newly created network of permanent and temporary camps was an important integral part of actions of the occupation forces in Serbia during the suppression of mass insurgent movement in the summer and autumn of 1941. The main purpose of these camps was to be a reservoir of people to be shot for the German losses in the battles with the insurgents in the proportion of 100 for one killed, or 50 for a wounded German soldier or Volksdeutsche. The network of permanent camps consisted of camps at Banjica in Belgrade, Šabac and Niš. For the territory of Banat, a camp was formed in Veliki Bečkerek (today Zrenjanin), ending the formation of a network of permanent camps. They also served as a place of internment of hostages, real or potential opponents of the occupation, but also some other categories of men and women. Starting from April 1942, permanent camps in Serbia were given the function of a source for forced labor in concentration and labor camps in Germany or in occupied countries, including Serbia itself. The main role was played by the camp at the Belgrade Fair and the camp at Banjica, where detainees from other camps were sent for forced labor. This was also the result of a change in policy towards captured insurgents and their sympathizers, which was a reflection of the growing need of the German war economy for labor. In May 1942, the role of the central German camp in Serbia was taken over by the camp at the Belgrade Fair, now under the name Anhaltelager Semlin (Prihvatni logor Zemun). Temporary camps served almost exclusively for the internment of captured members of the insurgent movement, their sympathizers, civilian population and as a source of people for mass shootings. Among temporary camps, the most important were the Transit Camp in the barracks on Senjak, in Šabac and the Jewish Transit Camp Topovske Šupe (Cannon Sheds) in Belgrade. The second camp served exclusively as a source of Jews and Roma for mass shootings and was the main and largest reservoir of these categories of prisoners. The camp ceased to exist at the time of the formation of the Jewish Camp Zemun, which, after the killing of the Jewish prisoners, became the central German camp in occupied Serbia.
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Luhmann, Susanne. "Memory care and queer akinship at the former Uckermark concentration camp for girls and young women". Memory Studies 16, n.º 1 (febrero de 2023): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980221142980.
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This article turns to the queer memorial activism of the Uckermark Initiative in Germany. This network of feminist, lesbian, queer and trans antifascist activists has been organizing for over two decades to memorialize forgotten victims of Nazi terror – girls and young women who were incarcerated for their non-conforming gender, sexual and social behaviour at the Uckermark Youth concentration camp. The Uckermark Initiative’s memorial activism instantiates my thinking about the performative affects and effects of such organizing. I conceptualize the durational counter-memorial activism enacted on the former camp site as memory care work, which I argue produces new social formations that I term queer akinship. Queer akinship is a social formation enabled by relations of adjacency, where subjects develop queer kin relations through the durational work of caring for the remembrance of forgotten victims of state violence.
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Yakemenko, Boris Grigor'evich. "Concentration camps of Nazi Germany as a phenomenon. Opportunities and the problem of understanding". RUDN Journal of World History 12, n.º 3 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-3-211-221.
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This article deals with the Nazi concentration camps as a phenomenon of social life and social thought in Europe in the mid-second half of the twentieth century. Today, when the world is experiencing a crisis of political and social institutions, there is less and less hope that this realization will happen. It describes the prerequisites for the formation of the system of concentration camps in Nazi Germany, the forms of their functioning, and provides comparative data on the statistics of the number of camps. It is also pointed out the importance of understanding the processes of psychological destruction of a person in the camp.
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Cieślak, Stanisław. "Stanisław Bednarski SJ i prof. Stanisław Kot: uczeń i mistrz". Studia Historiae Scientiarum 17 (12 de diciembre de 2018): 119–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543702xshs.18.006.9326.
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On September 15th 1922, a young Jesuit, Father S. Bednarski, enrolled at the Jagiellonian University, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, with specialization in modern history, history of culture and history of art. One of his college professors was a well-known historian, Prof. Stanisław Kot. The Jesuit and Prof. S. Kot shared historical interests and ties of friendship. Prof. S. Kot became the mentor and professor adviser of the Jesuit’s doctoral dissertation, Collapse and rebirth of Jesuit schools in Poland (Kraków, 1933), which on June 15th1934 was awarded a prize by the PAU General Assembly and was considered the best historical work in 1933. During his research in archives and libraries in Poland and abroad, the Jesuit had in mind not only his own plans but also his mentor’s interests. The student was loyal to his mentor, who was associated with the anti-Piłsudski faction and politically engaged in activities of the Polish Peasant Party. For this reason, Prof. S. Kot did not enjoy the trust of the state authorities. In 1933, as a result of Jędrzejewicz reform, the Chair of Cultural History headed by him was abolished. Fr. S. Bednarski bravely stood in its defence. The friendship of the mentor and student’s ended in World War II. Prof. S. Kot survived the War and emigrated, where he remained active in politics, while his student died on July 16, 1942 in the German Nazi concentration camp in Dachau near Munich.
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Grams, Grant W. "The Story of Josef Lainck: From German Emigrant to Alien Convict and Deported Criminal to Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Inmate". Border Crossing 10, n.º 2 (28 de octubre de 2020): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v10i2.1129.
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Josef Lainck, a German national emigrated to Canada in July 1927. He arrived in Quebec City and travelled west to Edmonton, Alberta where he became a burglar and shot a police officer. Lainck was arrested in November 1927 and deported to Germany in 1938, upon arrival he was arrested and interned in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp until April 1945. This article will examine Lainck’s emigration to Canada, arrest and deportation to Nazi Germany. Lainck’s case is illuminating as it reveals information on deportations from Canada and the Third Reich’s return migration program and how undesirables were treated within Germany. The Third Reich’s return migration plan encouraged returnees to seek their deportations as a method of return. Canadian extradition procedures cared little for the fate of foreign nationals expatriated to the country of their birth regardless of the form of government or the turmoil that plagued the nation. This work will compare Canadian to American deportation rates as an illustration of Canada’s harsh deportation criterion. In this article, the policies and practices of immigration and deportation are discussed within a framework of insecurity as a key driver for human mobility in the first half of the 20th century.
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Yakemenko, Boris Grigor'evich. "The world of concentration camp in Nazi Germany. The main features of the phenomenology of the unknown". RUDN Journal of World History 12, n.º 1 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-1-7-16.
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The system of concentration camps of Nazism, despite the abundance of special literature on this topic, is a phenomenon that only today historical science begins to reveal to itself. The inner world of the prisoners in the camps, the mental, psychological and physical conditions in which the prisoners found themselves, was and remains a particularly difficult area for researchers. This is due to the fact that one of the most difficult problems faced by the researcher of the phenomenology of the Concentration world is directly the problem of understanding this phenomenon. Is it possible to understand this phenomenology, and if so, to what extent? The article attempts to answer this question based on the consideration of the various conditions of the prisoner in the camp.
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Lai, Chia-ling. "“Floating Melodies and Memories” of the Terezín Memorial". Transfers 6, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2016): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2016.060211.
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As Andrea Huyssen observes, since the 1990s the preservation of Holocaust heritage has become a worldwide phenomenon, and this “difficult heritage” has also led to the rise of “dark tourism.” Neither as sensationally traumatic as Auschwitz’s termination concentration camp in Poland nor as aesthetic as the forms of many modern Jewish museums in Germany and the United States, the Terezín Memorial in the Czech Republic provides a different way to present memorials of atrocity: it juxtaposes the original deadly site with the musical heritage that shows the will to live.
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Shikhlyarova, Alla Ivanovna, Elena Mikhaylovna Frantsiyants, Galina Vitalyevna Zhukova, Natalia D. Cheryarina, Tatiana Albertovna Barteneva, Tatiana P. Protasova, Elena Alekseevna Shirnina, Tatiana Anatolevna Kurkina y Marina Igorevna Bragina. "Systemic effects of cAMP in chemotherapy for Heren’s carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2017): e14052-e14052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e14052.
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e14052 Background: Along with tumor itself, mechanisms of regulation of homeostasis are the target for tumor progression inhibition. The brain, various organs and tumor have different resources of energetic and metabolic substrates. Involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) into intimate mechanisms of proliferation, hormonal and energetic homeostasis indicates the possibility to use this factor in chemotherapy of tumors to improve the resistance of the organism. The purpose of the study was to analyze levels of endogenous cAMP in tumor and in organs as a criterium of systemic body response to chemotherapy with cAMP application. Methods: The study included 56 male Wistar rats with Heren’s carcinoma receiving peritumoral injections of cyclophosphan (CP) 50 mcg/kg (Baxter Oncology GmbH, Germany) alone and in combination with cAMP (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), P.O. at a concentration of 0.01%. cAMP levels in homogenates of organs and tumors were measured by immunoradiometric assay (Immunotech, Czech Republic) using Arian radiometer (Vitaco, Russia). Data were processed using Statistica 6. Results: cAMP levels in growing tumors in rats without treatment (the control) were maximal (7.03±1.5 nmol/L). CP injections alone during inhibition of carcinoma growth allowed the reduction of tumor cAMP level by 3.3 times. Combination of CP and cAMP resulted in tumor regression, and endogenous cAMP levels in tumor decreased by 10 times compared with the control. Similar dynamics of cAMP reductions was noted in the adrenal glands. The lungs, thymus, lymph nodes and especially the testes and the brain, on the contrary, showed accumulation of cAMP to the normal levels and higher. Conclusions: The range of cAMP levels in organs and tumors of rats receiving combination of CP and cAMP demonstrated the development of adaptive and regenerative processes in organs responsible for the neuroendocrine regulation, suppression of stimulation of stress-realizing systems and metabolic support of the processes of increasing non-specific antitumor resistance along with inhibited proliferative activity of tumors.
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Lavsky, H. "The Day After: Bergen-Belsen from Concentration Camp to the Centre of the Jewish Survivors in Germany". German History 11, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1993): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/11.1.36.
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Lavsky, H. "The Day After: Bergen-Belsen from Concentration Camp to the Centre of the Jewish Survivors in Germany". German History 11, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1993): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635549301100103.
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Mišković, Miloš. "Image of Bishop Nicholai Velimirovich in the Works of Bishop Jovan Velimirović". Nicholai Studies International Journal for Research of Theological and Ecclesiastical Contribution of Nicholai Velimirovich III, n.º 6 (21 de julio de 2023): 207–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.58199/nicholaistudies/ns.2023.3.6.207-248.
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The paper deals with the description of Bishop Nicholai in the works of Bishop Jovan Velimirović. As the nephew of Bishop Nicholai, and staying near him, Bishop Jovan had the opportunity to witness many events from his uncle’s life, as well as crucial events from the history of the Serbian Orthodox Church in that period. Bishop Jovan stayed near Bishop Nicholai from the second grade of high school and had the opportunity to witness many events in his uncle’s life. He parted ways with him only in 1944, when the Nazi Germans took Patriarch Gavrilo and Bishop Nicholai from the Vojlovica Monastery to the Dachau concentration camp. Bishop Jovan wrote three works about Bishop Nicholai: the memoir “Bishop Jovan’s Memories of Bishop Nicholai Velimirovich” and two shorter articles which appeared in the Glas Crkve [The Voice of the Church] journal. All three works were published after the death of Bishop Jovan. The works of Bishop Jovan will be placed in a broader historical context and will help in understanding key events from the life of Bishop Nicholai, as well as fateful events from the history of the Serbian Orthodox Church in that period. In his works, he was meticulous, without the intention of elevating the main figure of his “Memories” in relation to the other figures mentioned in his works, objectively and truthfully portraying both personalities and events. Also, his work provides new insight into the life and work of Bishop Nicholai, and — being analyzed in a wider historical context — it also provides new knowledge about the history of the Serbian Orthodox Church in that period.
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Володимир Васильович Очеретяний y Інна Іванівна Ніколіна. "THE PROCESS OF CREATING THE NAZI CAMP SYSTEM IN POLAND DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR". Intermarum history policy culture, n.º 5 (1 de enero de 2018): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111817.
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This article analyzes the process of creating the German camp system in Poland. The Nazi racial politics towards the Jews promoted their isolation from the so-called "full part of society". For this purpose, two main mechanisms for their separation were created: concentration camps, some of which were transformed into "factories of death", and Jewish ghettos. The establishment of concentration camps in Poland was preceded by a long process of organizational and legal registration first in Germany itself, and later on the territories occupied by it. This process was accompanied by numerous Jewish pogroms and arrests, which was an integral part of the Nazi anti-Semitic policy. Concentration camps were carefully thought out and well-organized institutions with a refined mechanism of prisoners’ maintenance, coercion and punishment. Different by their intended purpose were "death camps" that were not intended to hold prisoners, but to destroy them quickly and in large scale. Most of them were located on the territory of Poland, where the Jews from all over Europe were brought. These included Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau and Maydanek. It was observed in the article that German concentration camps were created to isolate, repress and destroy the undesirable elements of the regime. Despite the early formation of this system, its dissemination in the territories occupied by the Nazis, particularly in Poland, took place in 1938-1939s. At that time the German concentration camps turned into an instrument of ruthless anti-Semitic policy that became a classic genocide. Due to the fact that the concentration camps capacities did not allow to sufficiently fulfill their tasks, during 1939-1945s in Poland, new, so-called "death camps" were established. They were equipped with gas chambers and crematorium that carried out large-scale destruction of the Jews.
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Neumärker, Uwe. "Germany’s memorial to the murdered Jews of Europe: Debates and reactions". Filozofija i drustvo 23, n.º 4 (2012): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1204139n.
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The article outlines the history of the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin as a very good example of how long any such procedure is, from idea to realization, as well as how strong the debate how and whom to commemorate. Federal Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe also supervised Memorial to the Murdered Sinti and Roma, Memorial to the Homosexuals Persecuted under the National Socialist Regime and the Memorial to mass murder of patients from mental hospitals. Besides that, the author analyzes the initiatives and sollutions for other monuments in Germany?s capital New Guard Room, as well as the Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen near Berlin.
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Epstein, Catherine. "The Production of “Official Memory” in East Germany: Old Communists and the Dilemmas of Memoir-Writing". Central European History 32, n.º 2 (junio de 1999): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900020896.
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In East Germany, official memory was reputedly embodied in Old Communists, those men and women who had joined the German Communist Party (KPD) before Hitler's rise to power in 1933. After 1945, the Socialist Unity Party (SED), East Germany's ruling party, exploited the tragic experiences of Old Communists during the Third Reich—exile, resistance, and concentration–camp incarceration—to foster a triumphant official memory of heroic, Communist-led antifascist struggle. Intended to legitimate the SED regime, this official memory was rehearsed in countless “lieux de mémoire,” including films, novels, school textbooks, museum exhibitions, and commemorative rituals. Concurrently, party authorities encouraged Old Communists to share their past lives with younger East Germans; in particular, they urged Old Communists to write memoirs of their participation in the antifascist struggle against Hitler.
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Iakemenko, Boris G. "Assigning Numbers in Nazi Concentration Camps as a Factor of Dehumanization: As Remembered by Soviet Rrisoners". RUDN Journal of Russian History 21, n.º 3 (31 de agosto de 2022): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-3-432-438.
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The author considers the semantic and semiotic meaning of assigning numbers to prisoners of the concentration camps of Nazi Germany. These concentration camps were formally designed to exterminate the enemies of the state, but in fact, in addition, they defined the limits of the possibilities of turning a person into a part of the total state. Assigning a number to a prisoner in a camp was the key factor in annihilating a person, transforming him into a sign, depriving a person of the most important anthropological properties, which ultimately facilitated the elimination of a prisoner. As a result of assigning a number to a prisoner, while staying in a camp, it became increasingly difficult for a prisoner to remember his own name; his inner essence "merged" with the number; his real name was forgotten. The reduction of a person to a number entrenched the deprivation of a prisoner of human status; it became the highest degree of degradation; it turned a prisoner from a person into a typical specimen with the sign of a person whose number correlated and entrenched the symbolic authenticity of the object into which a prisoner was turned. The assignment of a number took all the actions of the SS men regarding prisoners beyond any moral and ethical assessments. A person without a name, deprived of realizing his personal uniqueness and image - the necessary conditions for self-perception as a thinking, living being, merged with similar people; he was doomed to silence; he was turned into an object of influence.
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Khilmonchik, N. E., O. V. Mosin, A. V. Zhigimont y A. I. Verkhovodko. "Malaria as a biological weapon of nazi Germany during the Second world war". Shidnoevropejskij zurnal vnutrisnoi ta simejnoi medicini 2021, n.º 2b (2021): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2021.02b.041.
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he article is devoted to the history of the use of specific biological weapons by Nazi Germany during the Second World War in the research in order to study the “most effective” methods of preventing and combating infections transmitted by insects. Nazi scientists planned to use biological warfare against enemies of Germany under cover of the entomological institute of the concentration camp and tried to use malaria mosquitoes as an attack biological weapon. The study performed by the Germans to test how long mosquitoes could survive on airplanes showed that the transmitter of malaria Anopheles maculipennis survived much longer than other species when they were not fed. Despite rather well developed plan to create an artificial biological dominance of Anopheles labranchiae in the territory of Padan swamps the effective medicines available to the Anglo-American troops, and, of course, the high effectiveness of the assault operation did not enable to demonstrate the power of biological weapons, which were intended not to be left from the troops and empty space.
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Farré, Sébastien. "The ICRC and the detainees in Nazi concentration camps (1942–1945)". International Review of the Red Cross 94, n.º 888 (diciembre de 2012): 1381–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383113000489.
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AbstractA sharp debate has emerged about the importance of humanitarian organisations speaking out against misdeeds and, more generally, on the ethical and moral aspects of doing humanitarian work in the face of mass violence. That debate has pushed out of the spotlight a number of essential questions regarding the work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) during the Second World War. The aim of this text is to scrutinize the ICRC's humanitarian operations for detainees of Nazi concentration camps during the final phase of the war in Europe. We look beyond the risks faced by ICRC delegates working in Germany to show how difficult the organisation found it to carry out a humanitarian operation for concentration-camp detainees in the very particular circumstances that prevailed in Europe at that time. The ICRC was an organisation designed to collect information on and to protect and assist prisoners of war, and its hastily mounted response is indicative of the strenuous task it faced in re-inventing itself during the final stages of the war and the minor role it was assigned in the occupation programmes imposed by the Allied forces.
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KONSON, GRIGORIY R. y IRINA A. KONSON. "On True and Supposed Humanity in Foreign Historical Cinema of the 21st Century". Art and Science of Television 19, n.º 2 (2023): 111–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30628/1994-9529-2023-19.2-111-167.
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The article studies the phenomenon of true and supposed humanity in foreign historical films of the beginning of the 21st century. The reason for addressing the topic was the appearance of films devoted to the images of an odious personality and viewed in a new (as opposed to old films about tyrants, such as Caligula by T. Brass; Great Britain, USA, Italy, 1979) humane perspective. Such are the films about Nero (Nero, directed by P. Markus; Italy, Germany, Great Britain, France, Tunisia, 2004), Hitler (Downfall, Germany, France, Italy; directed by O. Hirschbiegel, 2004), which have already outlined a perspective in development, crowned by a film about the family of a death camp commandant (The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, directed by M. Herman; Great Britain, USA, 2008). The focus here is on the reinterpretation of the main images in the context of revealing some hidden personal features of the protagonists. For this purpose, the evil they have caused is left behind the scenes, and the viewer’s attention is focused on simple “human” emotions: Nero tearfully regrets his crimes, Hitler suffers before committing a suicide, the concentration camp commandant and his wife are horrified by the disappearance of their eight-year-old son in the death camp. By disguising the true nature of the personalities, film creators shift attention from their criminal activities to their “virtuous” everyday life not concerning the war and the military affairs. As a result, the works of art in question reinterpret the established characteristics of recognizable large-scale villains and transform them into ordinary people requiring sympathy. But, contrary to such a free interpretation of humanity, the authors of the article present a different perspective on it, where the studied phenomenon acts as a versatile-heroic one. Therefore, the aim of the article is to specify the phenomenon on the basis of two opposing matrices: 1) the development of humanistic traditions — “exceeding humanity in man” (G.-H. Gadamer), 2) distorting historical facts for the sake of artificial transformation of the representative of evil into a humane one.
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Grakhotskiy, A. P. "The Frankfurt trial (1963—1965) and overcoming the past in Germany". Lex Russica, n.º 3 (5 de abril de 2019): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.148.3.146-158.
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In the first post-war decades in Germany the problem of crimes of the Nazi regime was hushed up. Information about the flagrant crimes of the Nazis in the concentration camps was perceived by the Germans as “propaganda of the winners”. The Frankfurt process of 1963-1965 was an event that contributed to the understanding of the criminal past of its country by the German society. Before the court in Frankfurt there appeared 22 Nazi war criminals who were accused of murder and complicity in the killing of prisoners of concentration camps and death camps of Auschwitz. During the trial, horrific facts of mass destruction of people and unprecedented cases of humiliation of human dignity were revealed. The position of the prosecution was that the defendants voluntarily served in Auschwitz, realizing that the main purpose of the operation of the camp is the mass destruction of Jews, purposefully participating in the implementation of a common criminal plan. The defense adhered to the strategy that the defendants were only weak-willed executors of the orders of the highest Nazi leadership and were forced to commit crimes at the risk of their own lives. None of the accused pleaded guilty, and in their closing speeches they expressed neither regret nor remorse to the victims and their relatives. The verdict of the jury was soft: only 6 accused were sentenced to life imprisonment, the rest received various (from 3 to 14 years) terms of imprisonment, three were acquitted. However, the significance of the Frankfurt trial exceeds the purpose of the criminal punishment of the Nazi criminals. The process became a milestone in the course of overcoming by the Germans of their recent past, the awareness of the responsibility of German society for the crimes of national socialism.
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Перевощиков, Д. В. "Revenge for Maydanek: about the soldiers from Udmurtia who survived in a concentration camp". Вестник гуманитарного образования, n.º 1(21) (21 de mayo de 2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25730/vsu.2070.21.010.
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На основе архивных материалов, впервые введенных в научный оборот, затрагивается вопрос о советских воинах из Удмуртской АССР, которые после попадания в плен содержались в фашистском концентрационном лагере Майданек, но выжили, вновь вступили в ряды Красной Армии и с оружием в руках сумели отплатить гитлеровцам за свои страдания за колючей проволокой. Некоторые из этих солдат были похоронены дважды – сначала их считали погибшими в бою, затем в плену. Однако, несмотря на все невзгоды, они остались в живых и встретили Победу в Великой Отечественной войне. В исследовании на основе материалов Нюрнбергского процесса и воспоминаний очевидцев охарактеризован режим в концентрационном лагере, который был специально организован руководством фашистской Германии для истребления различными методами военнопленных и других категорий заключенных, признанных противниками гитлеровского режима. В статье перечислены фамилии уроженцев Удмуртии из числа солдат Красной Армии, погибших в Майданеке. В исследовании представлены основные вехи биографий военнослужащих из республики, которые смогли перенести все тяготы концлагеря и выжить. При анализе воспоминаний бывших узников вскрыты некоторые причины и факторы, позволившие военнопленным уцелеть в одном из крупнейших фашистских концентрационных лагерей, а также выявлен эффективный психологический стимул для их успешной армейской службы и боевой работы после освобождения. Многие факты, встречающиеся в статье, впервые представлены в научной литературе. Исследование проливает свет на одно из «белых пятен» истории Великой Отечественной войны. On the basis of archival materials, first introduced into scientific circulation, the question is raised about Soviet soldiers from the Udmurt ASSR, who after being captured were held in the fascist concentration camp Maydanek, but survived, re-joined the Red Army and with weapons in their hands managed to repay the Nazis for their suffering behind barbed wire. Some of these soldiers were buried twice – first they were considered dead in battle, then in captivity. However, despite all the hardships, they survived and met the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The study, based on the materials of the Nuremberg trial and the recollections of eyewitnesses, describes the regime in the concentration camp, which was specially organized by the leadership of Nazi Germany for the extermination of prisoners of war and other categories of prisoners recognized as opponents of the Hitler regime by various methods. The article lists the names of the natives of Udmurtia from among the Red Army soldiers who died in Maydanek. The study presents the main milestones of biographies of servicemen from the republic who were able to endure all the hardships of the concentration camp and survive. The analysis of the memories of former prisoners reveals some of the reasons and factors that allowed prisoners of war to survive in one of the largest Nazi concentration camps, and also reveals an effective psychological incentive for their successful army service and combat work after liberation. Many of the facts found in the article are presented for the first time in the scientific literature. The study sheds light on one of the "white spots" in the history of the Great Patriotic War.
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Drumbl, Mark y Solange Mouthaan. "‘A Hussy Who Rode on Horseback in Sexy Underwear in Front of the Prisoners’: the Trials of Buchenwald’s Ilse Koch". International Criminal Law Review 21, n.º 2 (13 de abril de 2021): 280–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-bja10047.
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Abstract Ilse Koch’s trials for her role in atrocities at the Nazi Buchenwald concentration camp served as visual spectacles and primed her portrayal in media and public spaces. Koch’s conduct was credibly rumored to be one of frequent affairs, simultaneous lovers, and the sexual humiliation of prisoners. The gendered construction of her sexual identity played a distortive role in her intersections with law and with post-conflict Germany. Koch’s trials revealed two different dynamics. Koch’s actions were refracted through a patriarchal lens which spectacularized female violence and served as an optical space to (re)establish appropriate feminine mores. Feminist critiques of Koch’s trials furthermore also spun problematic narratives of womanly innocence and victimized powerlessness, or at times ignored her as a perpetrator. In the end Koch’s actual story—‘her’ story—becomes lost amid prurience, politics, and burlesque.
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Riddle, Lucas. "Reclaiming Heimat, Uprooting National Socialism in Anna Seghers’s “Das Ende”". Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies 59, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2023): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/seminar.59.2.2.
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This article explores Anna Seghers’s use of nature and pastoral writing in her exile tale “Das Ende” (1945). I argue that, by writing a story in which villagers and nature work together to hunt and rid Germany’s war-torn landscape of Zillich, a former concentration camp guard, Seghers engages critically with German traditions of Heimat writing to “reclaim” the style as a productive mode to depict the monumental task of rebuilding Germany after the Second World War. Much of Anna Seghers’s postwar and exile works refl ect in literature what she viewed as the responsibility of writers to contribute to the re-education and denazifi cation of the German people during and following the war. “Das Ende” is no exception; it seeks to understand how fascism permeated the minds and hearts of ordinary Germans, and the work Germans must undertake to overcome such indoctrination.
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POLENOV, Yuriy Alekseevich. "Fedor Ivanovich Rukavishnikov (1902–1942) and former rukavishnikovite (now ternesite)". NEWS of the Ural State Mining University, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2023): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2023-4-170-180.
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Fedor Ivanovich Rukavishnikov is a major specialist in the field of mineralogy of the Urals. Author of the first Ural identification of minerals based on external characteristics. He worked at the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute from 1925 to 1937 and was successively an assistant, associate professor of the Department of Mineralogy, and also served as vice-rector and rector. In 1937 he went to Moscow to work at the Institute of Geological Sciences of the Academy of Sciences USSR. In 1941 he joined the Moscow militia, was captured and died in a concentration camp in 1942. A new mineral was named in honor of Fyodor Ivanovich – rukavishnikovite, which was discovered by B.V. Chesnokov in the burnt dumps of the Chelyabinsk coal basin. The International Mineralogical Association did not approve it as a new mineral species, and a few years later a natural analogue of rukavishnikovite, ternesite, was found in Germany
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HOMOLA, JONATHAN, MIGUEL M. PEREIRA y MARGIT TAVITS. "Fixed Effects and Post-Treatment Bias in Legacy Studies". American Political Science Review 118, n.º 1 (24 de enero de 2024): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001351.
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Pepinsky, Goodman, and Ziller (2024, American Political Science Review, PGZ) reassess a recent study on the long-term consequences of concentration camps in Germany. The authors conclude that accounting for contemporary (i.e., post-treatment) state heterogeneity in the models provides unbiased estimates of the effects of camps on current-day outgroup intolerance. In this note, we show that PGZ’s empirical strategy rests on (a) a mischaracterization of what regional fixed effects capture and (b) two unrealistic assumptions that can be avoided with pre-treatment state fixed effects. We further demonstrate that results from the original article remain substantively the same when we incorporate regional fixed effects correctly. Finally, simulations reveal that camp proximity consistently outperforms spatially correlated noise in this specific study. The note contributes to the growing literature on legacy studies by advancing the discussion about the correct modeling choices in this challenging field.
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Kift, Roy. "Comedy in the Holocaust: the Theresienstadt Cabaret". New Theatre Quarterly 12, n.º 48 (noviembre de 1996): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00010496.
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The concentration camp in Theresienstadt in the Czech Republic was unique, in that it was used by the Nazis as a ‘flagship’ ghetto to deceive the world about the real fate of the Jews. It contained an extraordinarily high proportion of VIPs – so-called Prominenten, well-known international personalities from the worlds of academia, medicine, politics, and the military, as well as leading composers, musicians, opera singers, actors, and cabarettists, most of whom were eventually murdered in Auschwitz. The author, Roy Kift, who first presented this paper at a conference on ‘The Shoah and Performance’ at the University of Glasgow in September 1995, is a free-lance dramatist who has been living in Germany since 1981, where he has written award-winning plays for stage and radio, and a prizewinning opera libretto, as well as directing for stage, television, and radio. His new stage play, Camp Comedy, set in Theresienstadt, was inspired by this paper, and includes original cabaret material: it centres on the nightmare dilemma encountered by Kurt Gerron in making the Nazi propaganda film, The Fuhrer Gives the Jews a Town. Roy Kift has contributed regular reports on contemporary German theatre to a number of magazines, including NTQ. His article on the GRIPS Theater in Berlin appeared in TQ39 (1981) and an article on Peter Zadek in NTQ4 (1985).
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Komarov, Dmitrii E. "Liberation of Auschwitz (Auschwitz-Birkenau) by the Red Army units on January 27, 1945: chronicle of events on the documents of the 60th General Army". Herald of an archivist, n.º 2 (2024): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2024-2-409-422.
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The article deals with the offensive operations of the 60th Soviet Army during the Sandomir-Silesian operation. On January 27, 1945 the soldiers of this army liberated the Polish city of Auschwitz and the concentration camp "Auschwitz-Birkenau", some sites of which were located in close proximity to the city. A whole direction in historical science is devoted to the study of Hitler's crimes in the concentration camps created by the Nazis. The article develops this direction in the part of analyzing the information about how and as a result of what the largest camp in the system of concentration camps created by Nazis in Europe stopped its functioning. The main goal of the presented work is to reconstruct the chronology of combat operations of the 60th Army units in the second half of January 1945, to determine their specifics and results. The methodological basis of the study was the principle of historical objectivity with reliance on source analysis of the complex of archival materials of the 60th Soviet Army and the units included in it, the level of the army - division - regiment. The involved documents, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, allowed to restore the course of the offensive operation in the direction of Auschwitz. It is shown that the enemy resisted stubbornly, going into counterattacks, supported by artillery. However, the enemy could not hold the positions and retreated with significant losses. The intensity of the fighting is evidenced by the fact of death on the outskirts of the city of the commander of the 472nd rifle regiment, which was on the edge of the offensive operation of the division. The analysis of the documents allowed us to draw a number of conclusions that develop our knowledge about the role of the Red Army in the liberation of both the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp and Poland as a whole. One of these should include an analysis of the combat composition of the 60th Army. Documents record the fact that more than half of the army was represented by new recruits. Among those conscripted in the second half of 1944, a significant percentage were mobilized from the western, recently liberated territories of the Ukrainian SSR, and the number of Ukrainians was almost identical to the number of Russians. The 100th Infantry Division, which took part in the direct fighting for Auschwitz, maintained the rapid pace of the offensive operation, which made it possible to liberate a significant part of the prisoners without giving the Nazis a chance to kill them. The documents of the 60th Army testify that most of the liberated from the total number of the camp contingent awaiting their fate were men of conscription age, citizens of the USSR. These documents record the fact that 3 thousand former prisoners of "Auschwitz-Birkenau" out of the total number of 5 thousand liberated were subsequently conscripted into the Soviet army and participated in the final defeat of Hitler's Germany and its allies.
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Kaynar-Kissinger, Gad. "Shylock in Buchenwald". European Judaism 51, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2018): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2018.510223.
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Abstract Can The Merchant of Venice be performed in Germany after the Holocaust, and if so, how? Is the claim that the play is a touchstone for German-Jewish relations, with a philosemitic tradition – and therefore eligible to be performed today – verifiable? The article begins by briefly surveying this tradition from the Jewish emancipation in the mideighteenth century, which, with a few relapses, continued – especially in productions directed by Jews and/or with Jewish actors in the role of Shylock – until the rise of the Nazi regime, to be resumed after the Second World War. The main part analyses a test case, staged by the Israeli director Hanan Snir at the Weimar National Theatre (1995), and intended rhetorically to avenge the Holocaust on the German audience: Merchant as a viciously antisemitic play with in a play, directed by SS personnel in the nearby Buchenwald concentration camp with eventually murdered Jewish inmates compelled to play the Jewish parts.
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Kaynar-Kissinger, Gad. "Shylock in Buchenwald". European Judaism 51, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2018): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2017.510223.
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Can The Merchant of Venice be performed in Germany after the Holocaust, and if so, how? Is the claim that the play is a touchstone for German-Jewish relations, with a philosemitic tradition – and therefore eligible to be performed today – verifiable? The article begins by briefly surveying this tradition from the Jewish emancipation in the mid-eighteenth century, which, with a few relapses, continued – especially in productions directed by Jews and/or with Jewish actors in the role of Shylock – until the rise of the Nazi regime, to be resumed after the Second World War. The main part analyses a test case, staged by the Israeli director Hanan Snir at the Weimar National Theatre (1995), and intended rhetorically to avenge the Holocaust on the German audience: Merchant as a viciously antisemitic play-within-a-play, directed by SS personnel in the nearby Buchenwald concentration camp with eventually murdered Jewish inmates compelled to play the Jewish parts.
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HERNÀNDEZ-GRANDE, ALÍCIA. "Stumbling over History: Stolpersteine and the Performance of Memory in Spain's Streets". Theatre Research International 45, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2020): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883319000555.
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The Stolpersteine (‘stumbling stones’) memorial project commemorates victims of Nazi violence and the Holocaust through an individual marker installed outside the last willing residence before deportation and execution. The Stolpersteine project has spread throughout Europe, providing an urban topography of sites where traumatic events occurred. Because Stolpersteine are placed in public streets, they create performance possibilities, inviting passing pedestrians to engage in past history and trauma. As the project grows throughout Europe, however, the universality of the stones abuts with the specificity of local history and memory. This article considers the Stolpersteine installed in the Catalan city of Manresa. These stones, representing twenty-eight Spanish Republicans who were interned at the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, are framed by a Catalan-language audio guide that directly points to the collaboration of the Francisco Franco dictatorship with Nazi Germany. In so doing, the stones in Spain also stand for violence meted out during the Spanish Civil War and the Franco dictatorship.
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Dementev, I. O. "PROFESSOR FRIEDRICH MÜNZER IN KÖNIGSBERG". Vestnik of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Series Humanities and social science, n.º 4 (2023): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/sikbfu-2023-4-7.
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The article presents a brief biography of Friedrich Münzer (1868—1942), a prominent German historian of Antiquity, a expert in Roman political history. Throughout his life, Münzer taught at the universities of Basel, Königsberg, and Münster, demonstrating high creative activity and publishing numerous works on ancient history. His fate was tragic. Münzer became one of the victims of the National Socialist regime in Germany and died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp. The “Königsberg period” (1912—1921) in his career is characterized, this period involved teaching at Albertina University and the writing of several important scholarly works, including a fundamental monograph on the history of Roman aristocratic parties and families. The state of the sources does not allow for a complete reconstruction of the professor’s everyday life at Albertina. Nevertheless, the article attempts to recreate the circumstances of Münzer’s personal and professional life in Königsberg (adaptation after moving, university activities), and several assumptions are made about the scientist’s social circle. The proposal to commemorate the memory of the distinguished German classical scholar in Kaliningrad is justified.
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González-López, Esteban y Rosa Ríos-Cortés. "Visiting Holocaust: Related Sites in Germany with Medical Students as an Aid to Teaching Medical Ethics and Human Rights". Conatus 4, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.20963.
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Some doctors and nurses played a key role in Nazism. They were responsible for the sterilization and murder of people with disabilities. Nazi doctors used concentration camp inmates as guinea pigs in medical experiments that had military or racial objectives. What we have learnt about the behaviour of doctors and nurses during the Nazi period enables us to reflect on several issues in present-day medicine (research limitations, decision making at the beginning and the end of a life and the relationship between physicians and the State). In some authors' opinions, the teaching of the medical aspects of the Holocaust could be a new model for education relating to professionalism, Human Rights, Bioethics and the respect of diversity. Teaching Medicine and the Holocaust could be a way of informing doctors and nurses of violations of Ethics in the past. Moreover, a Study Trip to Holocaust and Medicine related sites has a strong pedagogical value. Visiting Holocaust related sites, T4 centres and the places where medical experiments were carried out, has a special meaning for medical students. Additionally, tolerance, anti-discrimination, and the value of human life can be both taught and learned through this curriculum. The following article recounts our experiences of organizing and supervising a study trip with a group of medical students to some Holocaust and medicine-related sites in Berlin and Hadamar (Germany). The study tour included lectures at universities in Düsseldorf and Berlin.
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Концур, Вікторія y Микола Концур. "GERMAN-UKRAINIAN COOPERATION: ACTIVITIES OF THE FUND «MEMORY, RESPONSIBILITY AND FUTURE»". КОНСЕНСУС, n.º 3 (2023): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2023-03/028-036.
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The article examines the transformation of the activities of the Fund "Memory, Responsibility and Future" (germ. “Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft”) of the Federal Republic of Germany and German-Ukrainian cooperation in the cultural and educational sphere. The experience of interaction between former enemies during the Second World War is considered in relation to extremely painful issues of historical memory in Ukraine and Germany in order to overcome historical traumas. During the Second World War, Ukraine was one of the main regions for the export of Ostarbeiters to Nazi Germany. For a long time, a large proportion of forced laborers were not subject to the German compensation law. Only at the end of the 20th century, the German and international public raised the issue of payments to former forced laborers. In 1998, the Bundestag decided to create a fund to pay compensation with financial participation from German industry. The fund paid one-time compensation primarily to former concentration camp prisoners and deported civilian workers from Central and Eastern Europe. Out of the total amount of compensation of 4.4 billion euros, Ukraine received more than 400 million euros. In 2010, the payments were completed, but the fund continued and expanded its activities. Today, the fund supports the implementation of international projects aimed at strengthening partnership and cooperation between Germany and countries that suffered from the consequences of National Socialism. The fund's annual reports show that Ukraine is the undisputed leader among the partner countries in the implementation of these projects. Such fruitful cooperation became possible thanks to the activities of Ukrainian organizations, unions and funds regarding comprehensive support and assistance from the state and society to the victims of Nazism. The active partners of the German fund "Memory, Responsibility and Future" are the Ukrainian Union of Prisoners-Victims of Nazism and the Ukrainian Cultural Fund. Among the products of this international cooperation are an online archive and an online educational platform that can be effectively used for scientific and educational purposes. Thus, the fund became a kind of expression of the political and moral responsibility of the German state for the damages caused by the National Socialist regime, and a cultural and educational bridge between the former irreconcilable enemies.