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1
Pasero, Annalisa. "Fascism and the Bedouin of Cyrenaica". Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241352.
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Hounsell, Dan. "The occupation of Marmarica in the Late Bronze Age : an archaeological and ethnographical study". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250476.
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Uwins, Philippa Joanne Rashleigh. "Early to mid Cretaceous palynology of Cyrenaica, northeast Libya". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU010065.
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155 Early Cretaceous core and cuttings samples from 15 northeast Libyan wells have been dated, mainly on the basis of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages although stratigraphically important spore and pollen taxa have also been used when dinocysts are rare, absent or not age diagnostic. Spores and pollens have also helped with palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Six distinct associations that are both stratigraphically and palaeoenvironmentally controlled are identified; these range from Hauterivian to early Cenomanian age. ? late Hauterivian to ? middle Barremian assemblages (IA) are dominated by dinoflagellate cysts thought to indicate lower than normal marine salinities, namely Cyclonephelium hystrix, Muderongia simplex microperforata, and Systematophora spp. Barremian assemblages (IB) are characterised by the presence of Aptea anaphrissa, and those from the early to late middle Aptian (II) by several other species of Aptea, especially A. securigera and the pollen Afropollis operculatus. An inner to middle shelf, pre-Vraconian Albian association (IIIA) comprises numerous morphologically varied dinoflagellate cysts including several species of each of the genera Coronifera, Oligosphaeridium, Spiniferites and Subtilisphaera notably S.terrula, and S.deformans/S.perlucida, whereas near-shore deposits of approximately the same age (IIIB) contain fewer cysts, more miospores and some megaspores. Both reflect a regression of the sea in the region prior to a major Late Cretaceous transgression, the early stages of which are indicated by two Vraconian-early Cenomanian associations (IVA and IVB). These consist of numerous chorate and proximochorate dinoflagellate cysts including Cyclonephelium, Dinopterygium, Florentinia, Oligosphaeridium, Spiniferites, Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides and Subtilisphaera cheit. Generic and species diversity is however higher in IVA, implying deposition in more open marine conditions than assemblages identified as IVB, which contain larger numbers of miospores. The complexities of intergeneric and intra- and interspecific morphological variation are described and illustrated for several taxonomic groups, including Aptea, Coronifera, Cyclonephelium, Dinopterygium, Florentinia, Kiokansium, Occisucysta, Oligosphaeridium, Palaeohystrichophora, Protoellipsodinium, Subtilisphaera and Xiphophoridium. Several possible synonymies at both generic and specific levels are suggested, and 10 informal species and three varieties of Florentinia berran are described.
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Simpson, David James. "The palynology of the Haua Fteah, Cyrenaica, Eastern Libya". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711903.
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Arsenikos, Stavros. "Tectonic evolution and structure of the Cyrenaica margin, Libya (East Mediterranean )". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0741.
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En Méditerranée orientale, la paleo-marge sud de la Téthys a subit des épisodes polyphasés d'extension pendant le Paléozoïque et le Mésozoïque. Cette marge a été postérieurement inversée pendant des épisodes compressifs et discontinus depuis le Crétacé supérieur liés à la convergence entre l'Afrique et l'Eurasie.La marge Cyrénaïque (nord-est Libye) a enregistré ces épisodes extensifs et compressifs. Elle permet donc l'analyse des inversions et de leurs relations avec les évènements ayant eu lieu le long de la frontière de la plaque Africaine (i.e. subduction Hellenique).Le bassin de Sirte, adjacent à la Cyrénaïque montre une direction oblique, ne présente pas la même déformation et est caractérisé par une subsidence continue depuis le Mésozoïque.Des données de sismique (réflexion) combinées à des rapports et des corrélations de puits, nous ont permis d'examiner et de discuter les interactions entre la Cyrénaïque, le bassin de Sirte et les domaines profonds (i.e. bassin Ionien).Ce travail permet de mieux préciser les différents épisodes d'extension, de contraindre les évènements compressifs enregistrés par la région Cyrénaïque, d'observer les structures du bassin de Sirte et de clarifier en partie son évolution.Finalement cette partie de la marge est intégrée dans le cadre géodynamique régional de la Téthys sud et permet de discuter l'âge ainsi que le mécanisme d'ouverture pour la branche orientale de la MéditerranéeIn the Eastern Mediterranean, the South-Tethys paleo-margin experienced poly-phased rifting episodes during Paleozoic and Mesozoic times. This margin has been subsequently inverted by discontinuous events occurring since the Late Cretaceous as a consequence of the Africa-Eurasia convergence.The Cyrenaica margin (northeast Libya) has recorded these extensional and compressional events. It thus gives the opportunity to analyse these inversion and their possible causal links with events occurring along the plate boundary (i.e. within the Hellenic subduction).The adjacent Sirt Basin, follows an oblique direction, did not suffer the same deformation as Cyrenaica and has recorded a continuous subsidence since the Mesozoic.Offshore seismic data combined with well correlations have permitted us to investigate and discuss the interactions between Cyrenaica, Sirt Basin and the deeper domains (i.e. Ionian Basin).We were able to document the different rift episodes, better constrain the compressional events on Cyrenaica, observe characteristics of the architecture of the Sirt Basin and clarify part of its evolution.Finally we integrate this part of the margin, in the regional geodynamic frame of the East Mediterranean branch of the Neo-Tethys by discussing the timing and mechanism which led to its opening
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Chick, Jane. "The large pavement at Qasr el-Lebia in Cyrenaica : episodes, narratives and transformations". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/49749/.
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The main focus of this thesis is the large mosaic pavement in the East Church complex at Qasr el-Lebia in Cyrenaica, Libya. It sets out to establish whether the fifty panels which comprise the pavement constitute a coherent programme. In order to do that the literature is reviewed, the site is set in its Cyrenaican context in terms of its history, its physical geography, its settlement patterns and its principal Christian buildings. The dating of the mosaic is considered and a detailed panel-bypanel catalogue of the images is offered. An iconographical study looks closely at groups of panels and correspondences between panels with a view to establishing whether they were entirely independent, one of another, or whether they constituted an overall programme. Having concluded that there are, indeed, significant levels of coherence, the study addresses a number of apparent discrepancies by looking at examples - in literature, sculpture and architecture – of a late antique predilection for disjunctions, puzzles and puns. After this wide-ranging review, the thesis returns to the most immediate context for the floor – its architectural setting. Inconclusive without further excavation, it nevertheless explores the possibility, based largely on the architectural evidence, that the pavement belonged to the ground floor of an episcopium. Finally, the study proposes an overall programme for the pavement and examines how the architecture constrained, and how the layout and iconography of the floor contributed to, a physical experience of the space in what may have been the consignatorium of a baptistery.
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Suliaman, Aesha M. mohammad. "The impact of the Italian occupation of Cyrenaica with reference to Benghazi, 1911-1942". Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-the-italian-occupation-of-cyrenaica-with-reference-to-benghazi-19111942(f64a09b8-e5d7-4ff4-be16-3ed4d40de8c9).html.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of the Italian colonialization on the Libyan province of Cyrenaica by studying the colonial legacy in its largest city. This study provides a description of the social and economic conditions prevailing in the Libyan city of Benghazi from 1911 until 1942. There is a lack of historical political studies about the city of Benghazi and the available historical studies about the city are mainly concerned with following certain historical events during a specific period. Therefore, the researcher turned to archives of Mahkamit Shamal Benghazi, Sijil al- Mahkama al-Shar ͑aia (MSBSM) Benghazi’s shariʽa court records, Dar al-Mahfuzat al- Tarikhiyya (DMT) Tripoli’s Libyan archives, and Markaz Dirasat al-Jihad al-Libi (MDJL) Tripoli’s Centre for Libyan Studies. The researcher used those records and documents as a primary source for this study and they offered a comprehensive insight into the social and economic life of the people of Cyrenaica and Benghazi. The researcher also relied on primary and secondary Libyan history sources written by both Italian and Libyan scholars. Additionally, the researcher consulted biographies and memoirs of colonial Italian officials. Economically, colonial Italy failed to achieve its agricultural settlements program which was operating at a deficit throughout the colonial period. The colonial educational policy was oriented to educate students to secondary school level only and by the end of the colonial rule illiteracy rate was at 90%. The Italian colonial policies in Libya affected the social institutional structure through a lengthy armed conflict that produced the Cyrenaican resistance’s alliance between the religious Sanusi Movement and the tribal leaders such events helped to reinforce the role of religion in political life as the religious Sanusi movement was being transformed into a political movement. In Libya, religion and tribal kinship still have a major role in politics.
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Marshall, Eireann Alexandra Catherine. "Images of ancient Libyans". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367980.
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Elrashedy, F. M. "A consideration of Post-Archaic Greek pottery imports into Cyrenaica down to the beginning of the Hellenistic period". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379243.
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Emrage, Ahmad S. M. "Roman fortified farms (qsur) and military sites in the region of the Wadi Al-Kuf, Cyrenaica (Eastern Libya)". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32210.
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Fortified buildings (in Arabic known as qsur, singular qasr) that stand isolated or formed part of wider settlements are a common phenomenon that existed in many regions of Roman Africa, especially in the late Roman and late antique periods. Different interpretations of the defensive appearance of the qsur in Africa (and parallels in different parts of the Roman Empire) have been advanced. In terms of Cyrenaica, this remarkable class of sites, though the most obvious archaeological monuments of the countryside, has not received a great deal of attention in the past. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to make a systematic study of the typology, chronology and function of these fortified structures, drawing on archaeological and literary sources and my own fieldwork. I carried out a combination of extensive and intensive archaeological, topographical and landscape survey in the region of Wadi al-Kuf in Cyrenaica. In three different topographical blocks covering a total area of about 1,350 km2, a total of 55 sites was documented (42 sites were recorded for the first time by my survey). An attempt is made to distinguish between potential military and civilian sites on the basis of locational and architectural factors. A broad framework is provided by interpreting the limited dating evidence and supported by comparison with similar sites from other regions of the Roman Empire, particularly in Tripolitania. This research has made original contributions to determining the architecture, typology and chronology of qsur in the survey region and overall it has increased our knowledge of rural settlement in the Wadi al-Kuf region.
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Hesein, Mohamed A. H. "Bridging the Eastern and Western Mediterranean : the Roman harbour sites on the coast of Cyrenaica, North-Eastern Libya". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33017.
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This thesis examines the results of an archaeological survey along a 50 km coastal strip of al-Jabal al-Akhdar (Green Mountain) in Cyrenaica (north-eastern Libya). The survey aimed to assess Cyrenaican ports during the Roman period, and secondary and minor harbours in particular. The conclusions demonstrate that a significant amount of productive and trading activity took place in this area in antiquity. This challenges previous assumptions that only major ports such as Apollonia, Ptolemais and Berenice were involved in trade. This study demonstrates the potential of secondary and small harbours to inform research about the economic role, mechanisms and hierarchy of harbours, in contrast to the prevalent trend among scholars to focus on the study of mega and major-ports. The new evidence has greatly increased our knowledge about productive activity along the coast of Cyrenaica, for example via the identification of 12 new amphora kilns. Initial estimates of the capacity of the vats recorded suggest that these harbours were involved in large-scale manufacturing. A further important strand of research involved an in-depth study of the physical features of the harbours and the construction techniques used in the buildings. An initial typology of these harbours was created to distinguish their roles and hierarchy, and provide a broader framework for their chronology. This analysis suggested that the secondary and minor harbours and other major ports were all well organised and interconnected. Each harbour seems to have played a particular role within the complex trade networks operating out of Cyrenaica. Finally, an investigation of the products imported to Cyrenaican harbours over time uses the ceramic evidence recorded during field survey or published sherds. This allows the discussion of some of the principal components of the import-export trade. A detailed gazetteer of the sites studied is presented in the appendices.
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Imbarek, Omar Mohamad Abdulssalam. "Depositional history and characterisation of Eocene carbonate reservoirs and their outcrop analogues, Tarabulus and Cyrenaica Basins, Northern Libya". Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/69415.
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The Eocene carbonates are the most important hydrocarbon reservoirs in Libya as they constitute a significant amount of hydrocarbons in Tarabulus Basin, northwestern offshore Libya. This research is designed to integrate and interpret geophysical and sedimentological data including seismic reflections, well-logs, cores-field-based data, and petrographic data for detailed petroleum geology investigation. This will include the salt tectonic phenomena in the basin, lithofacies analyses, depositional environments, diagenetic history, and outcrop-analogue reservoir modelling.
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El-Shari, Saad M. "Geological and geophysical evaluation of Tertiary sedimentary succession at the hinge-zone area between Sirte Basin and Cyrenaica Platform, NE Libya". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14785.
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This research project aims to recognise and understand the relationship between lithology, stratigraphy and structural setting across the hinge-zone between Sirte Basin and Cyrenaica Platform to the northeast. This is the first time that the Tertiary sedimentary rocks in the north-eastern Sirte Basin have been the subject of detailed structural and stratigraphic investigation. The systematic approach through geological and geophysical interpretation using seismic reflection data, aided by synthetic well data, is the most suitable way to attain the research objectives, especially since the study area has only a few real wells. This study integrates structural interpretation of seismic data, velocity analysis, depth conversion, seismic sequence stratigraphy, well correlation and porosity and subsidence analysis. Interpretation of the structural features seen on the seismic sections and their mapping with relation to geological time has defined the structural history in the east Sirte Basin. All the depositional sequences dip toward the southwest (basin direction) and faults are the most prominent structure in the area. Most faults are normal trending NW-SE with downthrow towards the basin. Velocity analysis has been carried out as a useful tool for local stratigraphic interpretation and lithology evaluation and also for the conversion of two-way time to depth to the top of each sequence. The difference between seismic derived velocity, check-shot and sonic log velocities has been examined to establish the effect this difference might make in the determination of the true velocity distribution. Average velocity and interval velocity maps have been constructed for each sequence. Time to depth conversions for complex models including laterally variable velocities and reflector structure have been done. This depth-conversion method results in depth maps with exact well ties and geologically reasonable depth estimates away from wells. By applying seismic sequence stratigraphic techniques in the area, depositional environments are interpreted using the resultant facies analysis and the characterisation of reflections.
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Abdulghani, A. Hamad Abdulghani. "Biological and ecological processes during the establishment of a marine invasion : the Siganus rabbitfishes from the Red Sea to the coastal areas of Cyrenaica, Libya". Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/46836/.
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The rabbitfishes Siganus luridus and S. rivulatus are two Lessepsian species that have invaded a large part of the Mediterranean Sea and offer a unique opportunity to examine ecological and morphological variation during the process of invasion and establishment. Using and integrated geometric morphometric and stable isotope approach we investigated ecological adaptation in these two species from native into novel Southern Mediterranean habitats. A total of 490 fish were collected over two years (2014 and 2015), which showed a greater overlap in morphological variation in the novel habitat (Mediterranean Sea) compared to the native Red Sea. On the other hand, stable isotopes indicated that the invading populations segregated trophic niches more starkly than in the native habitat. The introduction of genetic markers to infer population expansion uncovered a more marked decrease in genetic variation in S. luridus compared to S. rivulatus, during the process of invasion. Collectively, data contribute to reconstruct the jigsaw puzzle underpinning the success and ecological diversification of these coastal species, raising considerations for their management and that of the environment that changes around them.
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Hussein, Adam Gabriel. "The ancient mural paintings from the Eastern region of Libya (Cyrenaica), with special reference to the painted tombs in the North and West Necropolis of Cyrene". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560533.
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This study describesa nd analyses the painted murals contained within selected ancient tombs in the Eastern region of Libya (Cyrenaica), with particular reference to tombs in the North and West Necropolises of Cyrene. Chapter One outlines the purpose of the study, and describes the geography and history of the area, including a summary of earlier expeditions to the tombs, and of descriptions of the murals and architecture. The reasons for selecting the particular sites are discussed, and the next three chapters are analytical studies of the individual murals, including their location, (approximate) dating, detailed descriptions of the exterior and interior, and comparison with earlier descriptions. Chapter Two deals with the tombs from the Hellenistic period. Chapter Three discusses two Roman tombs, and, briefly, the painted tomb at Tocra described by Porcher. Chapter Four discusses Later Roman and Christian-influenced murals in tombs and in the cavern at Kedra, and important features of a Hellenistic tomb that was re-used during the Roman period. Two painted tombs outside the area of Cyrene are also discussed. The fifth and final chapter gives an overview of the entire thesis, discusses the key points, and sets the Libyan material in its ancient context. This study is a detailed account of the wall murals and decorative features. It highlights their value, and the contribution they make to the study of past culture and history in Cyrenaica, and hopes to raise awareness of the need to preserve these valuable historical paintings.
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Gaballa, Omran. "L'armée romaine de Cyrénaïque à l'époque impériale". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040214.
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L’étude de l’histoire ancienne de la région Cyrénaïque est importante. Cette région a vécu une longue période d'occupation grecque du 8ème au 6ème siècle av JC. suivie par les Ptolémaée (rois d’Égypte) qui ont gouverné cette région jusqu’à l’arrivée des Romains. Ces derniers l’ont administrée environ huit siècles, à partir de l’an 74 av. JC. À l’époque romaine, la Cyrénaïque était organisée en province. La province était exposée à certaines invasions, surtout celles des tribus libyennes. La richesse de la Cyrénaïque a donc attiré les regards des envahisseurs. C’est pourquoi les Romains ont effectué, après leur installation dans la province, des mesures défensives (fortifications) pour la protection et la sécurité de la Cyrénaïque. Ils ont ainsi construit tout au long des frontières de la province des forteresses, des murs, des tours de contrôle pour la surveillance. Ils ont aussi construit un réseau routier pour relier les villes de la province et construit des fortifications autour des villes. Les Romains ont par ailleurs restauré celles qui existaient déjà avant leur arrivée. Nous étudierons l’organisation militaire, c’est-à-dire l’organisation de l’armée à l’époque romaine L’armée était constituée des troupes militaires. nous appuyons sur les inscriptions.les moyens de financement qui dépendaient essentiellement des impôts. Nous L’étuderions moyens défensifs et militaires pour la protection de la province. Les moyens défensifs sont répartis en trois types : le premier comprend les forteresse ; le second la construction des routes afin de relier les villes ; le troisième moyen comprend les fortifications et les tours pour protéger les villes CyrénaïqueThe study of the ancient history of the Cyrenaica region is important. This region has experienced a long period of Greek occupation from the 8th to the 6th century BC. Followed by Ptolemies, (Egyptian kings) who ruled this area for some time , until the arrival of the Romans. These have given approximately eight centuries , from the year 74 BC. JC . In Roman times, Cyrenaica was organized by province. The province was exposed to some invasions, especially those of the Libyan tribes. The wealth of Cyrenaica has attracted the attention of the invaders. This is why the Romans made after installation in the province, defensive measures for the protection and safety of Cyrenaica .They thus constructed along the borders of the province fortresses, walls, control towers monitoring .They also built a road network to connect the cities of the province and built fortifications around cities. The study military organization, that is to say the organization of the army at the time Roman. The army was made up of military forces, regular and local troops support. We rely on the inscriptions found on some ancient sources and basis for our research. The military organization of troops , weapons used , the means of financing depended mainly Taxes. The study defensive and military means for the protection of the province. Defensive measures are divided into three types the first includes the fortresses, churches and farms fortifies. The study of construction of roads to connect cities, and transport these provisions military. the third means comprises fortifications and towers to protect the five cities of Cyrenaica
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Jayne, Dusti R. "Settling Libya Italian colonization, international competition and British policy in North Africa /". Ohio : Ohio University, 2010. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1269020385.
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Abdelhamed, Muna H. "The economic condition of the main Cyrenaican cities (north-eastern Libya) from the Hellenistic to the mid-Roman period : textual analysis". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/43061.
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This thesis investigates cereals, grapes and horses as key examples of Cyrenaica's agro-pastoral economic resources in the Hellenistic and early-mid Roman periods. These have been examined in three case studies to indicate the region's potential for producing annual crops, fruiting plants and animal products. Since cereals and horses are difficult to trace archaeologically and the archaeological data associated with grape cultivation and wine production is quite modest, the main database used in this thesis relates to textual evidence. This includes the literary documents of the Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Ottomans, and the first European travellers. The epigraphy and a papyrus relating to the period of study are also significant data used in this project. The epigraphic data collected from the Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica (IGCyr), Greek Verse Inscriptions of Cyrenaica (GVCyr) and Inscriptions of Roman Cyrenaica (IRCyr) projects are the principal sources of information. Using textual data required me to implement new approaches to test the region's agro-pastoral capacity. In order to demonstrate the region's connectivity, the thesis investigates some of the imported commodities and highlights things that were perhaps exported in return. It also discusses the reasons why Cyrenaican citizens received honours attested in external and local epigraphic evidence. The research suggests that these people were Cyrenaican cereal traders involved in Mediterranean commercial activities. Additionally, ancient geographical references to Cyrenaican coastal sites including harbours and anchorages receive close attention in this thesis. The 16 maritime points (9 are ports and anchorages) between Cherronesos (Χερρόνησος) and Catabathmus (Κατάβαθμος) mentioned in Stadiasmus, raises a question about the maritime connectivity between Cyrenaica and Egypt in the second century AD. Finally, the results also allow me to draw a clear picture of the economic contribution of Libyan groups to Cyrenaica's prosperity. This includes harvesting silphium, breeding animal and connecting Cyrenaica with the African Sahara.
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Callot, Jean-Jacques. "Recherches sur les cultes en Cyrénaïque durant le Haut-Empire romain /". Nancy : Paris : ADRA ; de Boccard, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37086440s.
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Marini, Sophie. "Grecs et Romains face aux populations libyennes. Des origines à la fin du paganisme (VIIe s. av. J.-C. – IVe s. ap. J.-C.)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040163/document.
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Longtemps relégués à un rôle secondaire dans les études consacrées à la Cyrénaïque antique, les Libyens et les relations qu’ils ont entretenues avec les Grecs, puis les Romains, n’avaient été envisagés que sous le prisme de l’hellénisation et de la romanisation. En s’inscrivant dans le cadre de l’évolution historiographique qui, dans ces dernières décennies, s’est consacrée davantage à prendre en considération les deux acteurs de l’interaction, l’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre comment la rencontre de deux milieux hétérogènes, restés en contact pendant plusieurs siècles, a donné lieu à des influences réciproques et dans quels domaines celles-ci sont apparues. Notre étude se limite aux frontières politiques de la zone d’influence grecque fixées par le diagramma de Ptolémée Ier à Authamalax (actuelle Bu Sceefa) à l’ouest et au Katabathmos Megas (actuelle Solloum) à l’est. Les limites chronologiques quant à elles, sont comprises entre la fondation de Cyrène vers 631 av. J.-C. et le déclin du paganisme au IVe s. ap. J.-C. Organisé en sept chapitres thématiques, le présent travail propose de mettre en perspective les influences réciproques qui se sont opérées entre les Gréco-Romains et les Libyens dans les domaines socio-politique, culturel, religieux et économique à partir des données archéologiques et historiquesFor a long time relegated to a secondary role in the studies of ancient Cyrenaica, Libyans and the relationships they had with Greeks, then Romans, had been considered only through the prism of hellenization and romanization. In joining the framework of the historiographical evolution, which in recent decades has devoted more to consider both interaction’s actors, the objective of this thesis is to understand how the meeting of two heterogeneous circles, kept in touch for several centuries, has resulted in reciprocal influences and in which domains they appeared. Our study is limited to the political boundaries of the greek influence’s area set by the diagramma of Ptolemy I to Authamalax (current Bu Sceefa) to the west and in Katabathmos Megas (current Sollum) to the east. As for the chronological limits, they are included between the foundation of Cyrene towards 631 B.C. and the paganism’s decline in the fourth century A.D. Organized into seven thematic chapters, the present work proposes to put into perspective the reciprocal influences that have occurred between Graeco-Romans and Libyans in the socio-political, cultural, religious and economic spheres from the archaeological and historical data
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Puccini, Daniela Bessa. "Moeda e discurso político: emissões monetárias da Cirenaica entre 322 e 258 a.C". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-13042009-142029/.
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A proposta deste trabalho é estudar as moedas da Cirenaica emitidas entre o início do domínio de Ptolomeu I na região e a morte do último governante independente, Magas, em 258 a.C. O nosso objetivo é analisar, a partir dos tipos monetários, qual a expressão política das facções existentes nas cidades da Cirenaica e qual o posicionamento desses grupos em relação ao controle lagida. Lançando mão da comparação entre os tipos monetários, do uso de determinadas inscrições associadas aos tipos e aos principais acontecimentos políticos e da adoção sucessiva de diversos padrões monetários pelas cidades, discutiremos como foi construído o discurso político da autoridade emissora dessas cidades como resposta aos principais acontecimentos desses anos.The purpose of this research is study the Cyrenaicas coins issued between the beginning of the Ptolemys control in the region and the death of the last independent government, Magas, in 258 a.C. Our goal is analyse, from the monetary types, the political expression of the citys factions and what the position of these groups about a lagids control. Through the comparision between the types, the use of some inscriptions associated to the types and to the main political events and the successive adoption of various monetary standards by the cities, we will discuss how was built the political message of the issuing authority as an answer to the main events of these years.
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Chevrollier, François. "La province romaine de Crète-Cyrénaïque, de Pompée à Dioclétien. Histoire, administration, société". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040077.
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Alors que les recherches sur la Crète romaine connaissent un nouveau dynamisme depuis une vingtaine d’années et que les fouilles conduites jusqu’à récemment en Cyrénaïque fournissent de plus en plus d’informations sur la période du Haut-Empire romain, le cadre administratif dans lequel vivaient ces deux régions de l’Orient hellénophone a paradoxalement été mis de côté. La double province de Crète-Cyrénaïque, créée à l’époque de Pompée et qui existe jusqu’à la Tétrarchie, a en effet très peu suscité l’attention des historiens, en raison de son caractère périphérique et de sa marginalité supposée. Cette thèse souhaite réévaluer le rôle historique de la Crète-Cyrénaïque au sein de l’Empire romain et analyser la façon dont les sociétés locales ont réagi à la domination de Rome. La première partie de la recherche s’intéresse à l’histoire administrative de la province, en étudiant la chronologie de sa création et les raisons qui ont conduit Rome à privilégier l’union des deux régions. Les fastes complets des promagistrats en poste en Crète-Cyrénaïque (proconsuls, légats, questeurs, procurateurs) sont établis ; l’organisation interne de la province est ensuite étudiée. Les deuxième et troisième parties se concentrent sur la vie des élites crétoises et cyrénéennes sous domination romaine à partir d’une analyse prosopographique. Sont d’abord proposés les portraits des grandes élites impériales : sénateurs crétois et cyrénéens, archontes du Panhellènion et grands-prêtres du culte des empereurs. On discute ensuite de l’évolution du milieu des notables locaux, en mettant en avant ce que l’entrée dans l’imperium romanum a changé pour eux, ainsi que les modifications de leurs modes de représentation et de leurs stratégies de domination sociale. De nombreux stemmata de grandes familles provinciales sont établis pour mieux rendre compte des réalités des élites locales de la périodeThe last twenty years or so have seen a dramatic increase in the interest on Roman Crete, while long-standing archaeological excavations in Cyrenaica (when they were still possible) brought to light lots of information on the Roman period. However, the administrative setting which the two areas lived in during the High Empire remains almost completely unknown because of the historians’ disinterest in this double province of the Roman Empire. Created by Pompey and still a reality during the Tetrarchy, the province of Crete and Cyrene is often thought as a marginal and unsuccessful administrative entity, far away from Rome. The thesis aims at re-evaluating the historical role of the province in the Roman Empire and at analyzing the way local societies reacted to the Roman domination. The first part focuses on the administrative history of the province. The chronology of its creation is studied along with the reasons why Rome chose the administrative solution of the union. The fasti of the Roman magistrates in charge of the province are established and the internal organization of the province is analyzed. In the second and third parts, the life and evolution of local societies under Roman domination are discussed through a prosopographical analysis. Portraying the senators originating from Crete and Cyrenaica as well as the archontes of the Hadrianic panhellenic league and the high priests of the imperial cult gives valuable information on how local elites reached the superior strata of Roman society. But most of the aristocrats were only active locally and never got beyond their own city-states. Several stemmata of local families help to understand how the Roman Empire change the way of representing themselves and alter their strategies of social domination
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Rouet, Fanny. "Montaigne et l'hédonisme antique à la fin de la Renaissance : discours et pensée du plaisir". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3000.
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Ce travail traite de la pensée du plaisir à la fin de la Renaissance et particulièrement dans les Essais de Montaigne, au regard des philosophies hédonistes antiques, cyrénaïsme et épicurisme. Au XVIe siècle, la multiplication des éditions, traductions et commentaires des textes de philosophie ancienne et des recueils doxographiques met au jour les questions éthiques que se posent les auteurs grecs et latins sur la nature et la valeur du plaisir. Nous nous interrogeons sur les liens problématiques entre plaisir et morale à cette époque, marquée par les guerres de religion et la Contre-Réforme ; nous nous demandons de quelle nature et de quelle teneur sont les discours sur le plaisir dans cette période de pénitence. Les traités de civilité prescrivent les plaisirs convenant au gentilhomme, tels les plaisirs de la conversation, de la lecture, du jeu ; ces activités plaisantes et l’agrément qu’elles procurent paraissent nécessaires au développement du gentilhomme. Mais l’expression et la représentation des plaisirs voluptueux est beaucoup plus problématique, comme la référence aux hédonistes antiques, communément représentés comme des impies débauchés. Contrairement à la pensée commune qui déforme souvent les propos et les vies des théoriciens du plaisir, Montaigne se distingue en interrogeant le rapport du plaisir à la morale et en examinant l’expérience du plaisir comme une expérience de soi. L’abondance et la fréquence des citations et références aux hédonistes antiques dans les Essais témoignent certes de leur influence, mais surtout de leur rôle de matériau dans une réflexion critique sur le plaisirThis work deals with the reflection about pleasure in late French Renaissance, especially in Montaigne’s Essais, considering the ancient Hedonistic schools of philosophy, i.e Cyrenaics and Epicureanism. In the sixteenth century, the increase in numbers of editions, translations and commentaries on texts of ancient philosophy and doxographic collections brings to light the questions of ethics raised by the ancient Greek and Latin writers about the nature and the value of pleasure. We shall explore the problematic links between pleasure and morals at the time of religious wars and Counter Reformation. We shall question the nature and the content of the discourses on pleasure in that period of penitence. Treatises on civility prescribe the pleasures suitable to the gentleman, such as conversation, reading and game. These pleasant activities and the enjoyment they impart seem to be necessary in the making of the gentleman. However, the expression and the representation of voluptuous pleasures is much more problematic, as is shown for instance by the references to the ancient Hedonist philosophers, generally portrayed as impious profligates. In contrast with the common view, often distorting the discourses and the lives of the theorists of pleasure, Montaigne distinguishes himself by questioning the link of pleasure in relation to morals and examining the experience of pleasure as an experience of the self. The numerous and frequent quotations and mentions of ancient Hedonist philosophers in Montaigne’s Essais, testify to their influence but, above all, to their role as material in a critical reflection about pleasure
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Zubi, Salah. "L’histoire de la cité d'Euhespérides, depuis sa fondation jusqu'à son abandon (fin du VIIe – milieu du IIIe siècle avant J.-C.)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040084.
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Euhespérides (Benghazi) en Cyrénaïque (Libye), est une ville grecque, fondée à la fin du VIIe ou début du VIe siècle avant J-C. La ville est purement grecque, elle a été fondée et habitée par les Grecs, jusqu'à ce qu'ils l'abandonnent. Abandonnée au milieu du IIIe siècle avant J-C., elle n'a jamais été réoccupée. La date de la fondation de la cité est plus ancienne qu'on ne le pensait, elle a été fondée par les Grecs venus de différentes régions de la Grèce. L'une des principales raisons de la fondation d'Euhespérides dans ce lieu est la présence du port naturel connecté au lac. Le noyau de la ville était situé sur la colline de Sidi Abeid, sur le bord nord de la sebkha Es-Selmani. Ensuite, la cité s'est étendue dans toutes les directions. La première mention de la ville est venue d'Hérodote à trois reprises. Les fouilles sur le site de la ville ont commencé en 1952, après avoir identifié son emplacement par la photographie aérienne.Par les grandes quantités de céramiques découvertes sur le site, de deux types – céramiques fines et communes– en plus des amphores de transport, il s'est avéré que le volume des échanges commerciaux de la cité était considérable, et que l'importation incluait différentes régions du monde méditerranéen.Euhespérides a été abandonnée au milieu du IIIe siècle avant J-C, et ses habitants ont alors été déplacés vers un autre site, Béréniké, situé à trois km à l'Ouest. La principale raison de l'abandon était une décision politique, mise en œuvre par la force. Cette décision a été prise par Ptolémée III et son épouse, Bérénice, pour punir la population de sa résistance à la nouvelle autorité, en démolissant la cité et imposant à sa population de quitter la cité par la forceEuesperides (Benghazi) in Cyrenaica, east of Libya is a Greek city, founded in the late seventh or early sixth century BC. The city is purely Greek; it was founded and inhabited by the Greeks, until they were abandoning it. Abandoned in the middle of the third century BC., It was never reoccupied. The date of the founding of the city is older than previously thought; it was founded by the Greeks from different regions of Greece. One of the main reasons of the foundation of Euesperides in this place is the presence of natural port connected with the lake. The nucleus of the city located on the hill of Sidi Abeid, on the northern edge of the Sebeka Es- Selmani. Then, the city has expanded in all directions. The first mention of the city came from Herodotus in three times. The excavations at the site began in 1952, after identifying its location by aerial photography. By large amounts of pottery discovered on the site of two types - fineware and coarseware , in addition to the amphorae of transport, it turned out that the volume of trade of the city was considerable, and that the importation included different regions of the Mediterranean world.Euesperides was abandoned in the mid-third century, and its inhabitants were then moved to another site, Berenice, located three kilometers to the west. The main reason for the abandonment was a political decision, implemented by force. This decision was taken by Ptolemy III and his wife, Berenice, to punish the people of his resistance to the new authority, demolishing the city and imposing its population to leave the city by force
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Abu, alkhir Saleh. "La traite des esclaves noirs en Lybie dans les temps modernes". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2041/document.
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Cette thèse, sur la traite des esclaves noirs en Libye, dans les temps modernes, en particulier aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, a nécessité une recherche à partir de questions telles que : quelles sont les origines et les catégories des esclaves noirs qui arrivèrent en Libye ? Les divers prix pratiqués ? Les stations commerçantes les plus importantes du Sahara ? Les routes caravanières empruntées pour le transport des esclaves vers l’Afrique du Nord et plus particulièrement la Libye ? La thèse porte sur les principaux marchés libyens, les méthodes d’achat et de vente, les prix des esclaves, les impôts, les douanes. La Libye a servi, en premier lieu, de plaque tournante pour l’exportation des esclaves vers d’autres destinations et notre étude s’est attachée à ses ports d’où partaient les esclaves en direction de l’Egypte, de l’Empire ottoman, du Levant et des pays du Maghreb. La thèse met aussi l’accent sur la vie sociale des esclaves, leurs rituels religieux, leurs traditions et coutumes, leur habitat, leurs relations avec leurs maîtres, leur intégration dans la communauté libyenne et musulmane jusqu’à en faire partie, le point de vue de la société libyenne sur ce phénomène de l’esclavage. La dernière partie de la thèse aborde la diminution du phénomène de l’esclavage en Libye, puis l’interdiction et l’abolition du commerce à partir de la pression internationale exercée sur l’Empire ottoman. Une évaluation est faite sur la qualité des mesures gouvernementales à cet égard, à travers un récit historique des évènements jusqu’à la fin du commerce à partir de l’occupation italienne, en 1911This thesis is about the black slaves’ trade in Libya in the modern era especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It illustrates a range of research issues such as, the sources of black slaves which came to Libya, its types and prices, the important commercial stations in the desert, the routes of the caravans which carried the slaves to North Africa and to Libya in particular. The research study comes across the most important markets on the Libyan soil, the methods of purchasing and buying, the slaves’ prices, the taxes and the customs. Hence, Libya was the area of re-exporting the slaves in the first place, the theses will mention the important exporting harbours and the important destinations such as Egypt, the Ottoman State (Turkey), and the Levant and the Maghreb countries. The thesis extends its scope to cover the social life of the slaves, their religious rituals, their customs and traditions, their houses, their relationships with their masters, the perception of the Libyan society to the slave phenomenon until they become an important component of the Libyan society and the Islamic societies in general. The last part of the thesis deals with the history of abolition of the slave trade and the disappearance of the slave phenomenon totally in Libya. This will be done by following the sequence of events starting with the international pressure on the Ottoman Empire for the abolition of slavery, the assessment of the seriousness of the governmental measures (procedures) and recalling the historical events until the end of the slave trade by the Italian occupation to Libya in 1911
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Bernardi, Davide. "CYRENAIC ECONOMIC EVOLUTION DURING FASCIST PERIOD (1922-1939)-The impact of Italian repression against Indigenous on local economy". Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/1018034.
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This study wants investigate the impact of Italian dominion on Libyan economy during the period between 1922 and 1940. In particular, we attempt to understand if the repression in Cyrenaica in years between 1930-33, with the creation of concentration camps, caused a deconstruction of local economy. To make this, we reconstructed the events related to Italian colonialism until WWI and then we collected data about Libya between 1920 and 1940. Our work focused on the relationship between two primary indigenous goods: barley and sheep, although we also used other several control variables. Analysing this, we conclude that the dynamics of local economy, which showed a strictly negative correlation between agriculture products and breeding products before the Fascist Regime, and which are represented by the town of Barce in the Cyrenaic hinterland, changed in the period between 1926-39 compared to the three years between 1920 and 1922.
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Golinski, Peter. "Kollektive Identitäten in der antiken Kyrenaika". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7D32-9.
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In dieser Arbeit wurde die von K. P. Hansen entwickelte kollektivitätstheorie auf Gruppen in der antiken Kyrenaika angewendet. Die Kollektivitätstheorie definiert als Kulturträger Kollektive, nicht Völker. Der Begriff Kollektiv erlaubt die Definition von alternativen Gruppierungen in einer einfachen und verständlichen Weise. Ethnozentrische Ansichten werden umgangen. Kollektive lösen die gemeinsamen Formen von Einheiten, ohne die Identität von Völkern, regionalen Identitäten oder Staaten zu hinterfragen. Die Kollektivitätstheorie definiert Kultur als den Satz von Gewohnheiten, die über einen langen Zeitraum in einem Kollektiv von seinen Mitgliedern praktiziert werden. Die Kultur eines Kollektivs drückt sich als eine Sammlung kollektiver Praktiken aus. Wie gezeigt, können viele Kollektive ihre eigenen Kulturen mit verschiedenen Praktiken kultivieren und in einigen Fällen auch für viele Jahrhunderte und sogar Jahrtausende fortsetzen.