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1
Retter, Karina [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung zur Elektrobetäubung von Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio L.) / Karina Retter". Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054406650/34.
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2
Bridges, Alan Foster. "The immune responses of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., following direct immersion immunization". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1978.
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The investigations presented in this thesis include studies on a) the immune responses of carp following direct immersion immunization and subsequent intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge, b) the uptake and accumulation in carp of a direct immersion vaccine and c) phagocytic uptake by carp peritoneal exudate cells (PECs). To assess the cell-mediated immune response of carp, a micro chemotaxis technique was developed, measuring the production of chemotactic factor-like activity in supernatants from incubations of pronephric cells with antigen. In no case were serum antibody titres or a cell-mediated immune response detectable after immersions alone in antigen. It was found that an i.p. challenge of antigen in adjuvant, subsequent to the immersions, was needed to stimulate a measurable response, with effective priming immersions stimulating a secondary response to the i.p. challenge. It was found that the opsonization of both soluble and particulate immersion vaccines with immune carp serum significantly increased the immunological memory for both the humoral and the cell-mediated immune responses following immersion. Opsonization of the vaccines with normal serum, however, had no detectable effect. The cell-mediated immune responses following immersion were only measured in immunologically mature carp, but the humoral immune responses were measured in both immunologically mature and immature carp, which were 4 weeks old at the beginning of the experiments. Using the bacterial Aeromonas salmonicida antigen, all the responses measured post-immersion were found to be positive in both immunologically mature and immature carp. However, with the T-dependent antigen, human gamma globulin (HGG), the immune responses post-immersion were found to be positive only in the immunologically mature fish, with immersion of the immature carp in HGG-coated latex particles opsonized with immune serum producing a tolerizing effect on the humoral immune response. There was no detectable uptake of a non-opsonized A.salmonicida vaccine in normal carp when immersed in a bath of the vaccine. However, if the vaccine was opsonized with immune carp serum, uptake and accumulation of the vaccine was detectable, mostly accumulating in the internal lymphoid organs. Uptake of the non-opsonized vaccine was, however, also found when the recipient carp had been previously immunized against A.salmonicida, by immersion. The phagocytic uptake of particles by carp PECs was also found to be enhanced by opsonization of the particles with immune carp serum, this effect being partially recuced by decomplementation of the opsonizing serum. Opsonizat1on of particles with normal serum was found to have no effect on phagocytic uptake. Immersions in several different sizes of latex particles (from O.O5 µm to l5 µ.m) coated with HGG were found to stimulate greater humoral immunological memory than immersions in soluble HGG. This was not the case for memory for the cell-mediated response, where immersions in latex particle-bound HGG were no more stimulatory than immersions in soluble HGG. Carp PECs were found to be able to ingest 0.8 µm and 3.0 µm diameter particles but uptake of I5 µm diameter particles was not observed. The specificity of the humoral immune response after direct immersion immunization was found to be high with no cross-reactivity with any of the other antigens used. The cell-mediated immune response following direct immersion immunization was found to be slightly less specific; cross-reactivity between HGG and chicken gamma globulin was detected, although the other antigens used showed no cross-reactivity.
3
Macartney, Alastair Ian. "Cold adaptation of lipid biosynthetic enzymes in carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) liver". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385150.
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Hübner, Arne [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur gastro-intestinalen Infektionsbarriere beim Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio L.) / Arne Hübner". Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024917142/34.
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Gindy, A. N. Z. "Farming of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in rice fields in the Nile delta". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592488.
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The Egyptian government is committed to the development of rice field fish culture systems as means of protein production. Trials on the growing of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were conducted in Gharbia governorate in the middle of the Nile delta. The trials reported here have shown that fish could successfully be reared in the Egyptian rice fields. Different stocking rates were used varying from less than 1000 up to 5500 fry/ha. The relation between different stocking rates and final fish weight, length, mortality and production of fish was studied. With stocking rates over 20000 a significant reduct (P < 0.001) in fish weight, and length was observed and mortality also increased (P < 0.02). Supplementary feeding at stocking rates of over 2000 fry/ha resulted in a partial restoration of fish weight and length (P < 0.001). Feeding reduced mortality from 46.2 to 33.5%. The data indicates an increase in fish production with the increase in stocking rate up to 100/ha but there were insufficient trials to give a statistically significant results. The highest production achieved in the trials without feeding was 167 kg/ha with a mean value of 88 kg/ha. The highest production of all trials was 264 kg/ha in a fertile area with supplementary feeding and with additional dose of organic manure. A strong relation was found between carp growth and the quantity and quality of natural food in the rice fields. Carp grew rapidly following introducing with a specific growth rate of 24% /day but this fell to 4% per day by the middle of the season, towards the end growth fell to zero or even negative values corresponded with the depletion of the community of invertebrate food organisms. The abundance of phytoplankton in the rice fields could provide a rich environment for raising other species of fish such as silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Sarotherodon niloticus. Significant numbers of accidentally introduced fish of other species, were found (Clarias lazera; catfish), Tilapia spp., Lates niloticus, Nile perch), the rice field could be a reliable source of tilapia fry in addition to consumption carp. With the development of cage culture system an integration between rice fish culture and cage culture could potentially be achieved with the small fish obtained at the end of the growing season could be restocked in cages. The average additional income obtained from the introduction of carp to the rice fields represent an increase of more than 20%. This profit was obtained with as little as 2.31% increase in the total costs of rice and fish. In addition less labour was needed for weeding, with one weeding instead of the normal three.
6
Houghton, Gillian. "The immune response in carp, Cyprinus carpio L. to Ichthyophthirius multifilis, Fouquet 1876". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2376.
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Protective immunity of carp to ichthyophthiriasis has been confirmed, and demonstrated for the first time in juvenile carp, 10-12 weeks old. Standard immunisation procedures were developed here using the theront in preference to cysts. Immunisation included exposure of fish on 3 separate occasions of 14 day intervals to doses of approximately 2,000 theronts per fish, 80/ cm³. Procedures were controlled so that infections were not allowed to continue beyond the primary stage pH (7.0-7.2 ) and temperature (20±2° C) were maintained throughout experimental periods. Four weeks after third immunising dose, fish were exposed to a potentially lethal challenge, approximately 8,000 theronts per fish, 320/cm³. Following immunisation , fish showed total protection up to 1 month and decreasing protection up to 3 months during which period, mortalities were recorded on challenge. Humoral antibody was monitored at specific stages of experimental infections, peak response 6-8 weeks following exposure with detectable levels of antibody persisting for at least 12 weeks. Immunosuppression was demonstrated following intraperitoneal administration of synthetic corticosteroid Triamcinolone acetonide, doses of 200 µg, 100 µg and 10 µg gˉ¹ body weight, and corticosteroid Hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate, doses of 100 µg and 10 µg gˉ¹ body weight, given 14 days after challenge. Immunosuppression was not associated with any significant fall in antibody titre. Studies in cross immunity between Tetrahymena pyriformis (CCAP 1630/W Claff, 1939 (w)) and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis showed no evidence of the former conferring protection to ichthyophthiriasis. Methods of administration of T. pyriformis to juvenile carp included intraperitoneal injection of freeze dried cilia and whole, live T. pyriformis. The kinetics of the humoral response were measured over 12 weeks, peak antibody titres occurring 6-8 weeks following antigen administration. Proliferative responses measured by autoradiography were recorded prior to peak antibody production. Overall results are discussed in relation to immunosuppression, mechanisms of immunity and control and treatment of the disease.
7
Gracey, Andrew Y. "Cold-adaptation of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) : lipid unsaturation and induced desaturase expression". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321117.
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Sharifpour, Issa. "Histology of the inflammatory response of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to various stimuli". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1836.
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The present investigation was carried out to study the inflammatory response of carp (Cyprinus carpio L. ) to various stimuli. The stimuli were; surgical wound, talcum powder, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), a bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila, and spores of fungus Aphanomyces invaderis. Following exposure to these stimuli, fish were sacrificed over a period of time, and sequential tissue samples were processed for histopathological examinations. The surgical wounds at 27°C, re-epithelialized at 4 hours. Macrophage infiltration began at 2 hours, and myophagia at 6 hours. Fibroplasia and muscle regeneration were initiated at 2 days. After 16 days epidermis was normal and dermis was completely linked. The wounded area restored its main components by 16 to 24 days after wounding. Injection of talcum powder at 26.5°C, and FCA at 24°C, produced chronic granulomatousin flammatory reaction. The following events started in both experiments at the same time; myophagia at 6 hours, macrophages had changed into epithelioid cells, active fibroplasia and muscle regeneration at 3 days. Regenerated muscles filled the defects by 14 to 28 days post-injection (p. i. ). Langhans and foreign body giant cells, were observed after 3 days in talc and 4 days in FCA experiment. New capillaries formed at 3 days in talc and 2 days in FCA study. At the end of the experiments (42 days) the encapsulation of the irritants was very advanced, and the granulomata were entirely surrounded by normal muscle tissue. Inoculation of the Aeromonas hydrophila at 27.5°C, provoked a lethal acute inflammatory response within 48 hours. The surviving fish showed well developed capacity for dealing with bacteria. An ulcerative wound developed by 48 hours in the surviving fish. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) were observed at 1 hour p.i . and remained up to 7 days. PMNs were one of the dominant inflammatory cells and participated in myophagia and micro-abscess formation. The acute inflammation then developed into chronic inflammation characterised by fibroplasia which was active at 5 days. Process of wound healing began and developed by 5-10 days and was completed by scar formation at 28 days. A chronic inflammatory response occurred after inoculation of spores of the fungus Aphanomyces invaderis at 27°C. Limited growth of the fungus in tissue occurred in the early stages p. i. but was then halted by fish's defence mechanisms. Macrophages had changed into epithelioid cells at 3 days p. i. Presence of Langhans, foreign body and intermediate giant cells, muscle regeneration, fibroplasia, and vascularization also started at 3 days. Developing granulomata formed by 10 days, and fully matured granulomata were observed by 18 days.
9
Turay, Lucien Raymond. "Molecular aspects of temperature acclimation in the muscle of the carp ("Cyprinus carpio" L)". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522781.
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Driver, Patrick y n/a. "The role of carp (Cyprinus carpio L) size in the degradation of freshwater ecosystems". University of Canberra. School of Resources, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050404.110223.
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Carp (Cyprinus carpio) are alien freshwater fish that are globally widespread and often
associated with highly degraded freshwater ecosystems. This study explored carphabitat
interactions that could contribute to the worldwide distribution of, and
consequent ecological impacts by, carp. Particular emphasis was placed on the role of
carp size in these interactions. One component of this study involved a field experiment
that was used to quantify the effects of carp biomass density and size-structure on
freshwater invertebrate communities and water quality. The treatments in this field
experiment comprised different combinations of large (2 kg) and small (0.7 kg) carp,
and low (330 kg.ha-1), intermediate (570 kg.ha-1) and high (650 kg.ha-1) biomass
densities. Carp impacts were more carp size-dependent than described in previous
studies. In particular, carp size was more important than carp biomass density in
determining the concentration of total phosphorus and algal biomass. On the other hand,
a more even mix of carp sizes increased total nitrogen. The zooplankton and
macroinvertebrate taxa that were more abundant in the presence of carp were the taxa
most able to avoid carp predation and tolerate habitat changes caused by carp
benthivory. To complement the small-spatial scale field experiment, large-scale patterns
of carp distribution, biomass density and recruitment were explored among the rivers of
New South Wales (Australia) in relation to their physical habitat. In contrast to
expectations, and although most recruitment probably occurred at lower-altitudes, the
populations with a size structure and biomass density most likely to cause ecological
degradation occurred at intermediate altitudes. Furthermore, the distribution of smaller
carp (less than or equal to 100 mm, and less than or equal to 300 mm) indicated that the
regulation of river flows does not always favour carp populations, particularly during
drought conditions. Nevertheless, it was concluded in a review of the carp literature,
which incorporated the findings of this study, that invasion by alien carp is most
successful in streams with formerly highly variable flows that are now subject to flow
regulation. Moreover, carp are likely to enhance their advantage in these waters through
habitat modification.
11
Miest, Joanna Junack. "Apoptosis and its association with immunomodulation and disease in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)". Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/17/.
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Stimulating the Immune system of fish by oral administration of immunomodulatory substances can prevent disease outbreaks in aquaculture. Yeast p( l ,3/1 ,6)-glucan, the active ingredient of the commercially available feed supplement MacroGard®, has been associated with production of microbicical and cytocidal oxygen radicals and the induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells. Hence it was hypothesized that the immunosuppressive effects of this substance, which were observed by some authors, could be caused by induction of apoptosis in immune cells due to oxidative stress. Utilizing molecular and immunohistochemical staining techniques it has been shown that although MacroGard® can induce apoptosis il1 vitro it is not associated with this form of cell death il1 vivo. However dietary MacroGard® influences the expression of apoptosisrelated genes in a time and organ dependent manner. Apoptosis is also associated with disease and can be modulated by both the host as a means of controlling infection, and by pathogens in an attempt to avoid the host immune system. It was thus hypothesized that bacteria (Aeromol1as saimol1icida) and vilUses (koi herpes vilUs (KHV) and spring viremia of earp virus (SVCV)) ean modulate apoptosis in carp and that this can be affected by oral immunostimulation. In this thesis it was established that the bacterial pathogen A. saimol1icida and the SVC vilUS induce apoptosis and that this is associated with changes of apoptosis-related gene expression. KHV in contrast appeared to supress apoptosis during early stages of the infection but induced it during the later stages possibly as a means to dissen'linate the vilUs. MacroGard® enhanced gene expression in response to SVCV infection and exposure to vilUs- and bacteriaassociated molecular patterns (i.e. Poly(I:C) and LPS). In conclusion, MacroGard® can influence apoptosis-related gene expression but does not appear to induce apoptosis on its own.
12
Price, Michael-Anthony. "Effects of intoxication by environmental pollutants on immune responsiveness in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)". Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242262.
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Strazzulla, Deborah. "Fattibilità dello studio di accrescimento di una popolazione di Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) tramite "carpfishing"". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20394/.
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Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) è un pesce di acqua dolce di importanza rilevante per il carpfishing. Gli studi su accrescimento, età e impatti sull’ecosistema usano metodologie nocive per le carpe (es. otoliti, elettrofishing). In questo studio si è valutata la fattibilità di campionamento tramite carpfishing (innocuo), calcolato l’accrescimento di carpe del lago “Le Ghiarine” tramite lettura di scaglie, taggato le catture e misurata lunghezza e peso. Nelle sessioni di pesca sono state campionate 56 carpe ed effettuata 1 ricattura. Per ogni carpa è stata prelevata 1 scaglia (fenotipo a specchi) o 4 (per regine) e sono state osservate al microscopio per la conta degli annuli. Si è stimata l’età di 34 campioni, di cui 14 presentavano una zona ricostruita e 20 integre. I restanti 22 erano illeggibili a causa della ricostruzione o della cattiva conservazione. Sui dati ottenuti è stata calcolata la VBGF ma il modello non convergeva ed è stato quindi integrato e corretto con dati bibliografici coerenti con la popolazione in esame, ottenendo: 28.6% di età congruenti alla lettura di laboratorio, 21.4% di età modificate per tener conto della rigenerazione non costante ed il 50% completamente ricalcolate. Il range di anni stimati per la rigenerazione delle scaglie va da 1 a 9, con media 5 e deviazione standard 2. L’ottimizzazione della VBGF ha fornito i seguenti parametri: L∞=104.5, K=0.113 e t0= -0.71. I parametri della relazione lunghezza-peso W=aLb, sono b=2.63 (allometria negativa, p-value=0.0002) e a=0.62. Il quadro generale dei costi di fattibilità è di 401.50€ per 4 sessioni di pesca, circa 40€/giorno. Uno studio tramite carpfishing è quindi fattibile solo a lungo termine per ottenere un numero di campioni adeguato. Per la buona conservazione delle scaglie è opportuno l’uso di alcol o formalina per evitarne il deterioramento. Occorre inoltre un dataset che comprenda le taglie piccole per una migliore ottimizzazione dei dati e dei risultati.
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Jha, Prithwiraj. "Effect of different management regimes of the survival and growth of exotic ornamental fish, KOI CARP (Cyprinus Carpio L.) under tropical conditions". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1101.
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Дрогомирецька, І. З. "Реакція імунної системи коропа Cyprinus carpio L. на дію підвищених концентрацій іонів кадмію та нікелю". Disertación de Candidato en Ciencias Biológicas, М-во освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України, Прикарпат. нац. ун-т ім. Василя Стефаника, 2011.
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Ninh, Nguyen Huu. "Communal or separate rearing of families in selective breeding of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1638.
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This study reports on investigation of ways of improving the breeding programme for growth-related traits in common carp in Vietnam. The base population was synthesized following a single pair mating scheme from six carp stocks: (1) 2nd generation of family selection; (2) Hungarian 6th generation of mass selection; (3) Hungarian scaled carp; (4) Indonesian yellow 6th generation of mass selection; (5) Indonesian yellow carp; and (6) Vietnamese 6th generation of mass selection. The next two selected generations were produced using a partial factorial mating scheme, with each family being split and reared using communal early rearing (CER) or separate early rearing (SER) methods. The second generation (G2) was produced from selected fish from the CER G1 group. The total number of selection, control and reference families was 135 in the G1 and 101 in the G2 respectively. The control and reference (Hungarian P33 line) families were produced by single pair mating (reference families with the G2 only). Seven microsatellite loci were used for parentage assignment in the CER groups: 96.8% of the offspring (1284 individuals) and 96.2% offspring (1341 individuals) were unambiguously assigned to 113 families (selection, control) in the G1 and 99 families (selection, control and reference) in the G2 generations, respectively. Restricted maximum likelihood in the individual model was used to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters. In CER, the estimated heritability values of common carp were from 0.20 ± 0.04 to 0.29 ± 0.05 for both weight and length at final harvest, indicating substantial additive genetic variation for selection on growth-related traits. The overall obtained maternal and common environmental effects were consistently close to zero. The average of direct response to selection for body weight was 15.0% per generation. In SER, the number of families in the G1 and G2 were 135 (selection and control) and 101 (selection, control and reference), respectively. The heritability estimates were from 0.20 ± 0.07 to 0.31 ± 0.08 at final measurement. Common environmental (full-sib family) effect were all lower at tagging and slightly higher at last measurement, ranging from 0.05 to 0.22. The response in each generation of selection as the difference between the selection and control lines was 8.1% on average for weight at final harvest, lower than under CER. The high genetic correlations of growth-related traits between the third (one year old, mature) and second (7 months old) measurements could allow selection to be based on the earlier assessment, reducing handling stress close to spawning. The benefits of using microsatellite markers to ascertain parentage, achieve greater growth rate (close to farming systems), shorten time to maturity and selection, and the overall relative merits of using CER v’s SER in this genetic improvement programme are discussed.
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Lee, R. S. "The development of Sanguinicola inermis Plehn. 1905 (Digenea : Sanguinicolidae) in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517743.
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Beach, Mark Andrew. "Experimental studies on the control and regulation of feeding in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.)". Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315493.
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Cols, Vidal Montserrat. "Cellular and molecular analysis on apoptosis in the immune cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)". Thesis, Keele University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436183.
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Neto, Joao Radünz. "Détermination des besoins nutritionnels en acides gras essentiels chez les larves de carpe, Cyprinus carpio L". Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10543.
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Nous avons mis au point des regimes purifies a base de caseine et de dextrine. Les besoins des larves de carpe ont ete etudies en supplementant ces regimes avec differentes sources lipidiques: esters methyliques d'acides linoleique et linolenique, huile de foie de morue, huile d'arachide et phosphatidylcholine. Nous avons examine la survie, la croissance et la composition en acides gras des lipides totaux des larves de carpe recevant les regimes experimentaux depuis leur premier repas. Les resultats montrent que les larves peuvent survivre et grandir avec des regimes a faible teneur (0,05% de la matiere seche) en acides gras (n-3) pendant les trois premieres semaines d'alimentation. Pendant cette meme periode, les besoins en acides gras (n-6) ne paraissent pas superieurs a ceux des juveniles (1% d'acide linoleique). Les larves semblent etre capables d'allonger et de desaturer les acides linoleique et linolenique en acides gras plus longs et plus insatures. La presence des phospholipides dans les regimes parait indispensable pour obtenir une bonne survie des larves
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Pietsch, Constanze. "In vitro and in vivo regulation of non-specific immune responses in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)". Berlin dissertation.de, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990812049/04.
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Dubost-Ebersveiller, Nathalie. "Voies de diversification de l'élevage de la carpe Cyprinus carpio L. En Lorraine : avantages, contraintes et limites". Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Dubost_Ebersveiller.Nathalie.SMZ9653.pdf.
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L'un des débouchés de l'élevage de la carpe Cyprinus carpio L. Appelé à se développer est la transformation, en particulier la production de filets. La maturation sexuelle diminue les indices de condition et les rendements de filetage des femelles. Une formule est établie entre la température (degrés jours) et la masse des femelles pour déterminer le stade de maturité. Pour assurer une disponibilité constante de carpes et alimenter un atelier de filetage hors des périodes de pêche, l'utilisation de cages flottantes pour la production ou le stockage est testé. L'obtention de carpe de taille commercialisable est avancée de trois a quatre mois par rapport à la production extensive. Deux modèles prévisionnels de croissance sont établis et leur validité est testée. Les problèmes d'alimentation et de diminution d'effectifs, limitant la production, sont discutés. L'influence de la culture en cages sur la qualité de l'eau et des sédiments est évaluée. Un bilan des pertes de matières, d'azote et de phosphore (nourriture et fèces) révèle que les éléments sont rapidement réutilisés par les milieux eutrophes. L'influence des milieux sur les élevages est étudiée. La toxicité globale de l'eau est mise en relation avec l'évolution des effectifs en cages. Le fouling sur les filets d'élevage est quantifie. La modélisation de son développement en fonction du temps d'immersion et de la taille des mailles constitue un outil prédictif. L'intégration d'une nouvelle pratique d'élevage intensif en cages flottantes dans le systèmeFish producers are trying to develop new products and processing of carp Cyprinus carpio L. To market fillets seems to be one the solutions that finds customer acceptance. Sexual maturation lowered condition index and filleting yield for females. A relationship was determined between temperature (degree-days) and female total weight to characterize maturation stages. Floating net cages were used to grow or maintain carp for regular availability of fish. Market size carp was obtained three or four months earlier than in extensive production. Two predictive models of carp growth were established and their validity was tested. The influence of food acceptance and of decreasing number of fishes densities limiting production are discussed. The impact of the cages on water and sediment quality were assessed. The budget of solid matter, nitrogen and phosphorus (from both food and faeces) revealed that these elements are rapidly utilized in eutrophic ponds. The impact of environmental conditions on fish culture was investigated. Global toxicity of water was put in relation to the fish densities in the cages. Fouling on floating net cages was quantified. A predictive model of fouling development was determined as a bivariable logistic function of submersion time and net surface. A possibility for combining intense rearing in floating net cages and extensive fish production is described. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed
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DUBOST, EBERSVEILLER NATHALIE Moreteau Jean-Claude. "VOIES DE DIVERSIFICATION DE L'ELEVAGE DE LA CARPE CYPRINUS CARPIO L. EN LORRAINE : AVANTAGES, LIMITES ET CONTRAINTES /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1996. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1996/Dubost_Ebersveiller.Nathalie.SMZ9653.pdf.
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Vilizzi, Lorenzo. "Age, growth and early life history of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in the River Murray, South Australia /". Title page, table of contents and synopsis only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv711.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Zoology, 1998?Addendum and erratum pasted onto back fly leaf. Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-215).
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Scharsack, Jörn Peter. "Characterization of immune responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to the hemoflagellate Trypanoplasma borreli Laveran and Mesnil, 1901". [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96422092X.
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Данилів, С. І. "Вивчення стану основних клітинних і гуморальних факторів імунної системи Cyprinus carpio L під впливом іонів свинцю та хрому". Disertación de Candidato en Ciencias Biológicas, Прикарпатський нац. ун-т ім. Василя Стефаника, 2011.
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Brogden, Graham [Verfasser]. "Cell-pathogen interactions in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Studies on cell membranes and neutrophil responses / Graham Brogden". Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1046662090/34.
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Hossain, M. A. "Nutritional evaluation of some Bangladeshi oilseed by-products as dietary protein sources for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L)". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1803.
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The nutritional suitability of some Bangladeshi oilseed by-products (mustard, Brassica juncea; linseed, Linum usitatissimum; sesame, Sesamum indicum) as fish meal substitutes in carp diets was investigated. These protein sources were shown to cause depressed growth and feed efficiency when substituting 25% or more of the fish meal protein in semi-purified diets. However, the use of these oilseed meals in combination was found to be more effective than that of single sources. Supplementation of plant protein diets with crystalline EAA improved their nutritive value. Growth performance was better in fish fed diets supplemented with all deficient EAA than in fish fed diets supplemented with the first limiting EAA. Nutrient digestibility studies with these plant proteins suggested reasonable agreement between apparent protein digestibility (APD) and average apparent amino acid digestibility (AAAD). APD and AAAD values ranged from 78.9% to 85% and 82.4% to 85.8% respectively. Both aqueous and enzyme treatments were effective in reducing (49% and 57% respectively) the anti-nutritional factors (e. g. allyl isothiocyanate) in mustard oilcake. In linseed and sesame meals heat treatment was the most effective (reducing phytic acid levels by 72% and 74% respectively). Use of detoxified meals in diets improved growth performance and food utilization compared to untreated meals. Dietary phytic acid in the presence of increased levels of calcium and magnesium significantly (p < 0.05) depressed growth, food utilization and mineral bioavailability (especially Ca and Zn) in carp. Carp were shown to be tolerant of a dietary glucosinolate (allyl isothiocyante) level of 0.4 mg glucosinolate/g diet without inhibiting growth performance or adverse effects on fish health. However, fish fed diets containing higher levels of mustard oilcake or allyl isothiocyanate showed abnormal changes in thyroid tissues. The results of this study are discussed in relation to previously published research on fish and other monogastric animals.
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Cross, Martin Leslie. "Immune response of carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Foquet), with reference to events within the epidermis". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2556.
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The in vitro and in situ immune responses of carp Cyprinus carpio to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis were investigated in order to characterise the immune mechanisms involved in protection. 'O' group and adult carp were immunised against I.multifiliis by controlled infection procedures. Sterile immunity was not achieved; theronts were observed to penetrate the skin of immunised fish, although in the majority of cases this did not lead to successful trophozoite establishment. It was concluded that most parasites prematurely exited the epidermis of immunised fish within two hours of penetration as an active survival strategy. Trophozoites remaining in immunised fish beyond two hours post infection were able to complete normal development. Serum from carp immunised against I.multifiliis displayed specific in vitro theront immobilising activity, and antibody was detected against parasite ciliary membranes and mucocyst organellae; similar activity was not detected in cutaneous mucus. Significant amounts of antibody could not be located at the immediate host/parasite interface of trophozoites in situ in immune skin; prevention of antibody binding may be achieved by means of a mucocyst-derived "sheath" around the parasite and the formation of a layer of necrotic host tissue debris. Parasite development in immunised fish initiated a localised cellular infiltration, predominated by type III granulocytes ("basophils'') and mast cell-like cells, the activity of which may augment further cellular and humoral infiltration. Sites of premature parasite exit from the epidermis of immunised fish were infiltrated by actively phagocytic cells, predominantly macrophages, probably in response to localised antibody/antigen complex deposition. Pronephric leucocytes of immunised fish displayed greater in vitro non-specific phagocytic activity than cells of carp naive to I.multifiliis; the relevance of this to enhanced antigen uptake in immunised fish is discussed. Based on results of the present study, a model for the Mode of protection in fish against I.multifiliis is proposed.
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Vinobaba, Periyathamby. "Some aspects of the biology of Dactylogyrus vastator Nybelin, 1924 (Monogenea) a gill parasite of Cyprinus carpio L". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3526.
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Dactylogyrus vastator Nybelin, 1924 is a common, economically significant pathogenic monogenean parasite of European carp, Cyprinus carpio L. D. vastator attaches to the gills by means of an attachment organ, the opisthaptor, which carries two large hamuli, a connecting bar and fourteen peripheral marginal hooks. Experiments during the present study have shown that populations of D. vastator on young carp reach peaks of abundance at 12°C, 19°C and 22°C within 5,3 to 4 and 6 weeks, respectively, followed by a decline to a lower level. Parasite abundance was greatest at 19°C and lowest at 12°C. Principal component analysis was used to investigate the effects of temperature on sclerite measurements. It was shown that the basic length and internal root length of the hamuli are the major factors by which populations of the parasite reared under different temperature regimes can be discriminated. Parasites reared at 12°C were clearly separated from those reared at 14°C and 19°C. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies were carried out on D. vastator. The outer layer of the epidermis is a syncytial structure. Circular and longitudinal muscle is found beneath this outer layer. The muscle bands are not of uniform thickness. Epidermal secreting cell bodies are located below the muscle layer and communicate with the outer layer via ducts or channels. Possible. epidermal sensillae are unequally distributed over the worm's body. The parasite has four cephalic lobes each of which is provided with a cup-like opening at the border; the unicellular cephalic gland cells empty their contents into a collecting duct. D. vastator shows protandous gonadial development. The female reproductive system has an oval shaped ovary, uterus, ootype, accessory glands, whereas the male reproductive system has a single lobed testis located in the posterior region of the body. Clean sclerites prepared by using an ultrasonication technique were examined under the electron microscope. The hamuli of adult and immature dactylogyrids are divided into internal and external processes and a shaft which ends in a spike. Marginal hooks have a blade and spike. The adult and immature worms can be differentiated by the structure of the auxiliary sclerite. In mature specimens the outer and the inner surfaces of the auxiliary sclerite remain separate. The surface of the hamuli has an interlocking array of striations. The two hamuli are of unequal size in both adult and immature worms. The parasites are not randomly distributed over the gill apparatus. There were no significant differences between gill arches but parasites aggregated in certain areas of the gills, in particular the ventral proximal secondary filaments on both sides of the hemibranch are favoured. Smaller D. vastator which are found in higher numbers on fish presumably represent worms which have recently invaded the host. Larger worms are found in lower numbers. This may be due to competition or an age related mortality in which mature worms die off. D. vastator does not need to be attached to the host tissue to initiate egg laying. In-vitro oviposition was observed and described, however the egg laying rate varies with the environmental temperature. The first eggs that are produced in-vitro are of a large size but as time continues the size of the eggs becomes smaller. A severe hyperplastic tissue response was observed two weeks after the start of an experiment where fish infected with D. vastator were mixed with naive fish. Damage to the host gills caused by D. vastator was observed. Hyperplasia of gill tissue led ultimately to fusion of the secondary lamellae. Affected fish became lethargic and gulped air at the surface. Challenge experiments were carried out to investigate whether there is an acquired immunity by carp to D. vastator infections. The challenged fish had a significantly lower parasite burden compared to the naive fish. The infection causes a change in the blood proteins, as was clearly shown by comparison of infected and uninfected fish, the former having very visibly separable additional bands using gel electrophoresis.
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Roberts, Mattew L. "The immune response of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to the blood fluke Sanguinicola inermis Plehn, 1905 (Trematoda: Sanguinicolidae)". Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267354.
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Lee, J. A. C. "Biochemical, biophysical and morphological studies of temperature acclimation in the intestine of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.)". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382061.
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Lakshmikantham, P. Kothanur. "Some aspects of ammonia toxicity on the gill pathology of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and trout (Salmo gairdneri)". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236186.
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Ahmed, Arafat R. "The effect of dietary chromium (III) on growth and carbohydrate utilization in mirror and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) L". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1091.
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The aim of feed formulation in aquaculture is to supply a suitable diet that provides nutritional requirements at relatively low cost. Carbohydrates are the most economic energy source for animals compared to protein and lipid; however, fish have limited capacity for dietary carbohydrate utilization. Trivalent chromium is an essential micronutrient for carbohydrate metabolism in vertebrates. The primary objective of this thesis was to enhance understanding of the effects of organic and inorganic forms of Cr on carbohydrate utilization, growth performance, gene expression and activity of specific key liver enzymes in carp Cyprinus carpio. In addition, effects of dietary Cr on body composition, Cr tissue content, blood cells DNA damage, and tissue histopathology (liver and gut) were evaluated. The first experiment (Chapter 3) tested levels of dietary Cr (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg Cr kg-1 as Cr chloride) to determine Cr requirement; the second experiment (Chapter 4) compared bioavailability of different forms of Cr (Cr chloride, Cr picolinate, and Cr yeast); and the third experiment (Chapter 5) evaluated different levels of Cr yeast (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg Cr kg-1) on utilization of a starch or dextrin-based diet. A Cr supplementation of 0.5 mg Cr kg-1 (regardless of form of Cr) produced highest growth performance; whereas 2.0 mg Cr kg-1 did not differ from control. The 0.5 mg Cr kg-1 also enabled carp to utilize complex carbohydrates (e.g., starch) and did not affect final body composition. Only 2.0 mg Cr kg-1 caused DNA damage in blood cells and tissue damage (liver and gut histopathology). Cr content in whole body increased with dietary Cr, but Cr did not affect hexokinase gene expression. Overall, results indicate that Cr can improve growth performance of carp and that Cr supplementation can enhance utilization of carbohydrates in fish feed.
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Fleming, John Richard. "The effects of temperature acclimation on the structure and function of myotomal muscles from the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14941.
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Chapter One Introduction Research in the structure, biochemistry, electrophysiology and mechanical properties of fish muscle is reviewed. A variety of mechanisms underlying temperature acclimation and adaptation is described. Chapter Two The effects of temperature acclimation on muscle relaxation in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.1 1. Common carp were acclimated to either 7 or 21 ° for a minimum of one month, and the twitch contraction kinetics of a nerve-muscle preparation investigated. 2. A significant compensation for the acute effects of a temperature change was achieved in twitch kinetics by acclimation to 8 °. An acute drop in temperature from 20 to 8 ° in 20 °-acclimated preparations led to approximately 2 and 3 fold increases in the half times for activation and relaxation. Chapter Three The effects of temperature acclimation on the pCa-tension relationship of slow myotomal muscle fibres from the carp 1. Common carp Cvprinus carpio L.) were acclimated to either 7 ° or 2 3 ° for at least one month. 2. The pCa-tension relationship of skinned slow fibres isolated from the anterior myotomes was investigated at pH 7.0, 7.6 and at 0 ° and 15 °. 3. Sigmoid pCa-tension curves were obtained with 'n' (i.e. Hill coefficient) values between 2 and 3. 4. Temperature acclimation did not alter the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to calcium under any of the conditions of pH or temperature investigated. Chapter Four The role of thyroid hormones in temperature acclimation 1. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were acclimated to either 8 ° or 22 ° for at least one month. 2. One group of cold-acclimated fish were made hypothyroid by treatment with methimazole (80mg/100ml 0.9% NaCl) 0.5?g/g body weight once every two days. 3. The level of T3 and T4 in the plasma of carp was determined using a radioimmunoassay technique. 4. Frozen sections of m. hyohyoideus muscles were cut and stained for the activity of succinic dehydrogenase and alkali-stable myosin ATPase to determine the percentage cross-sectional area of different fibre types. 5. m. hyohyoideus muscles from cold-acclimated fish had a higher proportion of slow oxidative fibres and fast oxidative glycolytic fibres than similar muscles from warm-acclimated carp. 6. The ultrastructure of slow myotomal muscle was investigated by electron microscopy. The volume fraction of mitochondria was higher in fibres from cold- than warm-acclimated fish (P < 0.01). The volume fraction of myofibrils decreased in the series cold-acclimated > warm-acclimated > cold-acclimated, hypothyroid (P < 0.01). The mean cross sectional area of individual myofibrils decreased in the series, warm-acclimated > cold-acclimated > cold-acclimated hypothyroid. 7. Hypothyroidism did not affect the total volume fraction of mitochondria in cold-acclimated fish. The volume fraction of mitochondria in the intermyofibrillar zone was higher in cold-acclimated euthyroid than hypothyroid fish (P < 0.001). 8. Neither temperature acclimation nor hypothyroidism affected the volume or surface density of cristae within mitochondria. 9. The effects of temperature acclimation and hypothyroidism on the performance, composition and ultrastructure of muscle are compared and the involvement of thyroid hormones in temperature acclimation is discussed. Chapter Five General Discussion The results presented in this report are discussed in the context of providing mechanisms that may compensate for the effects of low temperature on the rate of diffusion of small molecules through the cytosol.
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Francis, George. "Effects of low dietary levels of saponins on two common culture fish - common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (L.))". [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10316339.
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Blasco, Mínguez Josefina. "Efecto del ayuno en carpa, "Cyprinus carpio" L., en función de la madurez sexual: movilización de reservas y cambios plasmáticos". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1826.
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1)INTRODUCCION:Se sabe desde hace tiempo de la alternancia de períodos de alimentación y ayuno durante el ciclo anual de numerosas especies de peces, siendo las variaciones estacionales y la reproducción los causantes de estos ayunos naturales. Sin embargo, la naturaleza de los cambios metabólicos, el tiempo necesario para que éstos se manifiesten y su severidad son dependientes de una serie de factores: especie, fase del ciclo biológico, condiciones ambientales, alimentación previa, grado de madurez sexual y edad.
Se han realizado diversos estudios sobre los efectos del ayuno en "Cyprinus carpio" L., sin embargo todos ellos contemplan los cambios a largo plazo (2-14 meses de ayuno). No se conoce la existencia de ningún trabajo en carpa en el transcurso de un ayuno breve (hasta dos meses) que trate a la vez parámetros glucídicos, lipídicos y proteicos. Por otro lado este periodo de ayuno es el que se puede producir en esta especie en nuestras latitudes y por tanto se considera más fisiológico.
A la vista de lo expuesto los objetivos de la presente tesis son:
1) A partir de un modelo de ayuno a corto plazo realizar un estudio secuencial de diferentes parámetros plasmáticos relacionándolos con los cambios que se producen en cuanto a reservas en órganos principales (hígado y músculo).
2) Estos cambios estarán sujetos a regulación hormonal. Debido a la importancia de las hormonas pancreáticas en el metabolismo y el papel que desempeñan en el ayuno de mamíferos, y ante la falta de estudios similares en peces se consideró de interés su estudio.
3) Establecer si existe una respuesta diferencial al ayuno en función del estado de madurez sexual de las carpas.
4) Estudiar la recuperación de las reservas y de los parámetros plasmáticos con la realimentación tras un ayuno breve.
2) MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS
Condiciones experimentales: Se realizaron dos experimentos de ayuno en carpas, unas sexualmente maduras y otras inmaduras.
a) Primer experimento de ayuno y realimentación: Carpas sexualmente maduras (fem. IGS:2,2-9%; masc.:0,5-3%)(peso = 129 grs. y longitud = 18,5 cm) se alimentaron diariamente con pienso comercial a una ración del 2% p.c. durante un mes antes del experimento. 8 carpas controles (24 h. de ayuno) y 8 carpas ayunadas fueron muestreadas los días 1, 2, 5, 8, 19 y 50 del experimento (Diciembre-Febrero), siendo sacrificados los peces de 1, 8 y 19 días para el estudio de tejidos. Un lote del grupo ayunado durante 50 días se realimentaron durante 12 días con el mismo pienso, siendo sacrificados al final de ese período junto con un grupo control.
b) Segundo experimento de ayuno: Carpas inmaduras (gónadas filiformes) (Peso = 174 grs. y longitud = 19 cm), alimentadas como en el experimento anterior, se sometieron a ayuno en el mes de Enero (T= 13° C). 8 carpas control y 8 carpas ayunadas se muestrearon y sacrificaron los días 1, 19, 50 y 67 (Marzo, T= 16º C).
Obtención de muestras: Las carpas se anestesiaron con MS-222. Se pesaron, midieron e identificaron a partir de unas marcas realizadas en las aletas previamente. Se extrajo sangre por punción caudal: una alícuota se utilizó para la valoración del hematocrito y el resto se centrifugó para obtener el plasma, siendo congelado hasta el momento de los análisis. Muestras de hígado, músculo blanco, gónada y cerebro se congelaban rápidamente en N(2) líquido.
Análisis realizados:
- Plasma: Glucosa, proteínas, lactato, glucagón, insulina y aminoácidos.
- Tejidos: Glucógeno, proteínas, lípidos, fosfolípidos, P-DNA, agua y cenizas.
3)RESUMEN Y CONCLUSIONES
El glucógeno representa en carpa la reserva mayoritaria del hígado y tanto su incorporación con su movilización condicionan el peso del órgano. Por lo tanto el IHS es un buen indicador de los cambios que se producen en esta reserva. Por su parte, el músculo presenta una composición porcentual muy constante y prácticamente independiente del peso de la masa muscular total.
Durante el ayuno la reserva principal o mayoritaria de cada órgano es parcialmente intercambiada por agua: en el hígado el glucógeno y en músculo las proteínas.
El órgano más afectado cualitativamente en la primera fase del ayuno es el hígado; sin embargo, en cuanto a contenido energético total movilizado el músculo es el más importante.
El glucógeno hepático es la primera reserva movilizada durante el ayuno, pero cuando se ha reducido un 50% se estabiliza. Su disminución durante los primeros días de ayuno provoca una hiperglucemia inicial y transitoria y un aumento paralelo del lactato.
La estabilización del glucógeno hepático, de la glucemia, así como de la disminución de la tasa de pérdida de peso corporal caracterizó una nueva situación metabólica, pasando a ser las proteínas musculares el principal sustrato energético en un ayuno más prolongado.
La mayor concentración de lípidos hepáticos que presentaban las carpas inmaduras respecto a las del primer ayuno puso de relieve que esta reserva es movilizada en mayor proporción que en las carpas maduras, lo cual indujo un ahorro o retardo en la utilización de proteínas.
La movilización de las proteínas musculares durante el ayuno provoca la disminución de los fosfolípidos del músculo, lo cual pone de manifiesto una alteración de las membranas celulares, además de las miofibrillas.
La relación directa que se establece entre los aminoácidos (aa) esenciales del plasma y su correspondiente concentración en dicta, así como la no relación con los no esenciales, caracteriza el estado nutricional del pez y pone de manifiesto que los "aa" no esenciales son metabolizados en mayor grado.
En los primeros días de ayuno disminuyen los "aa" esenciales en plasma, y entre éstos aún más los de cadena ramificada. En cambio, los no esenciales no experimentan cambios a excepción de la Alanina, que incrementa en gran manera a los 5 días de ayuno manteniéndose hasta los 19 días.
En el ayuno a más largo plazo incrementan los "aa" plasmáticos, y especialmente los esenciales, de forma paralela a la disminución de la reserva proteica muscular. El menor incremento de los no esenciales indicará que en el ayuno también se produce una mayor utilización de los mismos, preservando en parte a los esenciales.
La disminución de los "aa" plasmáticos a los 50 días de ayuno indica que las necesidades energéticas de las carpas son paliadas principalmente por estos sustratos. El mantenimiento de los "aa" de cadena ramificada en este momento contrasta con el resto, indicando su baja utilización hepática.
Tras 12 días de realimentación los parámetros plasmáticos (glucosa, insulina y glucagón) recuperan niveles similares a los controles. Este período de realimentación es suficiente para recuperar la integridad hepática, indicada por la recuperación total de sus reservas, pero no la del músculo.
En las carpas sexualmente maduras los niveles de insulina fueron inferiores, y los de glucagón muy superiores, a los de carpas inmaduras; además, en el primer experimento, las hormonas pancreáticas disminuyeron en mayor proporxión durante la primera semana de ayuno.
En las carpas inmaduras, hay que destacar el aumento del glucagón plasmático y el descenso de la insulina y de la glucosa en la fase final, cuando se intensificó la hidrólisis proteica muscular. Esla movilización proteica no se reflejó en un mayor aumento de la aminoacidemia, es más la Alanina disminuye en esta fase final.
A la vista de las diferencias observadas entre ambos experimentos, en el nivel de hormonas pancreáticas y glucosa en plasma, en los niveles totales y tipo de reservas al inicio del estudio, así como en las diferentes respuestas al ayuno, podemos concluir que las necesidades energéticas del pez se ven influidas por el estado de madurez de las carpas y por su composición, y que las hormonas pancreáticas modulan su respuesta según las necesidades metabólicas del pez.
The main object of this thesis was: the sequential study of several plasmatíc parameters (glucose, proteins, amino acids, lactate, glucagon and insulin) in relation to changes of reserves in main tissues (liver and muscle) after short-term starvation (2 months) in function of sexual maturity. First experiment: Lots of eight mature carps were sampled at 2, 5, 8, 19 and 50 days of starvation and after 12 days of refeeding and compared to control groups which were fasted 24 hours. Second experiment: 10ts of eight immature carps were sampled at 1, 19, 50 and 67 days of starvation.
Hepatic glycogen was the first reserve mobilized during starvation in both of experiments, being reduced a 50%. The liver was the most affected tissue in relative values, however the total energetic content mobilized by muscle was superior, being the muscle proteins the most affected. The diminution of muscle proteins in mature carp was observed at 19 days of starvation, but in immature carp at 67 days. The major energetic content as liver as muscle in immature carp could explain the delay or sparing in muscle protein utilization in comparison to mature carp.
The observed changes in plasmatic amino acid showed that non-essential amino acids were used to a greater extent than essential amino acid. The branched-chain amino acid were the most affected of the essential amino acid and, between the non-essential amino acid the changes of alanine were the most notable.
The levels and changes of pancreatic hormones during starvation were different in both experiments. In mature carp, pancreatic hormones were decreased at the beginning of starvation period, being glucagon the most diminished. In immature carp, a strong increase of glucagon and a decrease of insulin and glucose were observed at the end of experiment.
The levels of glucose, insulin and glucagon were recovered after refeeding of starved mature carp. Moreover the liver and its reserves were restored completely, but not the muscle.
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Trueman, Richard James. "Mechanisms underlying cold-adaptation : thermal thresholds of lipid restructuring and desaturase expression in the liver of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367307.
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Williams, Paul Edwin. "Evaluation of a Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Exclusion and Trapping Device for Use in Aquatic Plant Founder Colony Establishment". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6038/.
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The focus of this study was to design and evaluate a trapping system that would reduce populations of common carp within water bodies in conjunction with establishment of native aquatic macrophytes founder colonies. A pond study and field study were conducted. A pond study was performed at the Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility, located in Lewisville, Texas, followed by a field study within a constructed wetland located in southern Dallas, Texas. For the pond study, twelve funnel traps were constructed (four reps of each type: control, dual-walled and ring cage). Two anti-escape devices were tested with funnels including steel fingers and hinged flaps. Ring cage and dual-walled treatments were planted using native pondweeds, while controls were left unplanted (additional bait and a drift fence scenarios were also tested). Common carp were introduced into the study pond. Chi-square statistical analyses were utilized and showed ring cage treatments using fingers as well as the use of a drift fence to be most effective. Following completion of the pond study, the two most effective treatments (controls and ring cages) were tested within the Dallas, Texas wetland; no carp were caught during the field test.
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Williams, Paul Edwin Hudak Paul F. "Evaluation of a common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) exclusion and trapping device for use in aquatic plant founder colony establishment". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6038.
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Stadtlander, Timo [Verfasser] y Ulfert [Akademischer Betreuer] Focken. "Saponin fractions from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as dietary supplements for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) / Timo Stadtlander. Betreuer: Ulfert Focken". Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103335144X/34.
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Mustafa, Sanaa A. "An integrated approach to assess impact of environmental stress in carp, Cyprinus carpio L. : biochemical, genotoxic, histopathological and individual level effects". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1029.
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Studies were undertaken to determine toxicological effects in a model species, Cyprinus carpio L. following hypoxic exposure either alone or in combination with representative heavy metal (i.e. copper; Cu) via a dietary route, at different levels of biological organisation (viz. biochemical, histological and individual level effects). Initially, the validation study of biological responses using a range of concentrations of dietary Cu as a relevant environmental contaminant was carried out (Chapter 3). The results showed a range of biological responses in exposed fish including significant genotoxic response as determined by induction of DNA strand breaks (i.e. the Comet assay) with bacterial enzymes Fpg and Endo-III (for detection of oxidative DNA damage) and reduction in growth rate suggesting the robustness of selected biomarkers. Subsequently, this approach was used initially to determine the biological responses following chronic hypoxic and hyperoxic exposure (Chapter 4). The results suggested that both hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions lead to a range of comparable biological responses. Following relative evaluation of chronic hypoxic and hyperoxic exposures, experiments were carried out to elucidate potential interactive effect of hypoxia in combination with dietary Cu (Chapter 5). The combined exposure of hypoxia and Cu induced a significantly higher level of DNA damage suggesting that DNA damage in fish can serve as a sensitive biomarker for changes in water quality as well as presence of genotoxic chemicals. The final sets of experiment were carried out to determine the biological responses in C. carpio following exposure to chronic hypoxic stress and subsequent recovery in normoxic condition for 7 days. Real-time PCR (qPCR) technology was used to examine the hypoxia inducible Factor-1 α (HIF-1α) gene expression pattern (Chapter 6). The results suggested that the expression levels of HIF-1α in response to hypoxia were significantly higher compared to normoxic controls, a high level of oxidative DNA damage under hypoxia and re-exposure to normoxic condition (i.e. recovery period). This will shed lights for development of adaptive response in higher vertebrates, which could also have significant clinical implications in human health.
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Mohan, C. V. "Modulatory effects of cadmium and copper on the susceptibility and immune response of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L) to selected pathogens". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280056.
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Füllner, Gert, Matthias Pfeifer, Sebastian Lippold, Thomas Heller, Andrea Standke, Klaus Kohlmann, Dieter Steinhagen, Grit Bräuer, Kerstin Böttcher y Andreas Müller-Belecke. "Herkunftsvergleich Karpfen: Vergleich der Eignung verschiedener Gebrauchskarpfenbestände (Cyprinus carpio L.) zur Teichaufzucht unter Verwendung des „Communal testings“ und Zuordnung von Herkünften über Mikrosatellitenmarkeranalysen". Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie, 2017. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16657.
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Die Leistung sächsischer Teichkarpfen wurde mit genetisch und räumlich weit entfernten europäischen Zuchtlinien verglichen. Zwischen den ausgewählten Herkünften des Karpfens konnten deutliche Leistungsunterschiede festgestellt werden. Es gab jedoch keine Herkunft, die in allen geprüften Belangen den anderen deutlich überlegen war. Herausragend positive Ergebnisse hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für die Teichaufzucht erreichten Schuppenkarpfen einer tschechischen Herkunft. Im Ergebnis der Untersuchungen werden Empfehlungen für die praktische Zuchtarbeit in Karpfenvermehrungsbetrieben gegeben.
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Ghanmi, Zouhai͏̈er. "Etude de l'effet des ions métalliques (Zn2, Cu2, et Mn2+) sur certains paramètres de la réponse immune cellulaire de la carpe (Cyprinus carpio L. )". Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMO0066.
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L'ion zn#2#+ stimule la proliferation lymphocytaire, surtout a 10##4 et 10##3 m, et ceci quand il est ajoute seul ou en association avec les mitogenes. L'ion cu#2#+ est toxique a toutes les concentrations testees. L'ion mn#2#+ inhibe la reponse mitogenique des lymphocytes t a 10##1 m. La reponse proliferative induite par le lps n'est pas affectee. Une approche cellulaire et moleculaire de cet effet montre l'ion mn#2#+ exerce son inhibition de la proliferation dans les 16 premieres heures precedant l'addition du mitogene. Une addition de 1 mm ou de 2 mm de ca#2#+ aux cultures lymphocytaires restaure partiellement ou totalement l'inhibition provoquee par l'ion mn#2#+. Zn#2#+ n'augmente pas l'activite il2 de surnageants obtenus a partir de cultures lymphocytaires en presence de zn#2#+, ni de zn#2#++pha. Une addition in vitro de zn#2#+ a des cultures de blastes n'augmente pas la capacite de surnageants actifs a maintenir la croissance et prolonger la proliferation de ces blastes. L'ion mn#2#+ augmente l'activite cytotoxique spontanee in vivo et in vitro. Cet effet est dose-dependant. Une action immuno-modulatrice des ions sur la reponse immune est decretee
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Wölm, Matthias. "Untersuchungen zur Regulation des Säuren-Basen- und Elektrolythaushaltes beim Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio L.) bei Normoxie, Hyperkapnie und erhöhten Wasserkonzentrationen von Ammoniak, Ammonium anhand arterieller Blutwerte". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/1998/102/index.html.
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Richter, Nahid [Verfasser] y Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Becker. "Evaluation of suitability of non-toxic and detoxified Jatropha curcas L. meal as feed for fingerling common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., with reference to phytase application / Nahid Richter. Betreuer: Klaus Becker". Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031469559/34.
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Dautremepuits, Claire. "Les métallothionéines, le stress oxydatif, le système immunitaire en tant que biomarqueurs de pollution : cas d'un poisson indigène, la carpe "Cyprinus carpio L." saine ou parasitée". Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMS012.
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Afin de réduire l'apport d'intrants en vignoble champenois, notamment en cuivre, les recherches s'orientent vers la mise en place de méthodes alternatives comme l'utilisation du chitosan. Nous savons que les produits pulvérisés sur la vigne se retrouvent immanquablement dans les écosystèmes aquatiques et pouvant ainsi perturber leur équilibre par des phénomènes de bioaccumulation. Nous avons recherché les biomarqueurs de pollution (stress oxydatif, système immunitaire et isoformes des métallothionéines) les plus pertinents chez la carpe (Cyprinus carpio L. ) à l'impact des deux produits, le cuivre et le chitosan. Les paramètres les plus sensibles et rapides à l'intoxication par ces produits sont les enzymes antioxydantes, l'activité lytique des macrophages et la cinétique d'apparition des différentes isoformes des métallothionéines au niveau hépatique. De plus, les réponses de ces biomarqueurs sont influencées par l'état physiologique du poisson : présence ou non de Ptychobothrium spIn order to reduce heavy metals inputs in viticulture researches are involved to find alternatives methods using chitosan to protect vineyard. Freshwater systems are often impacted by the contaminants present in wastewater releases, modulating the ecosystem equilibrium by accumulation processes. We investigated here in carp Cyprinus carpio L. , some physiological changes which can be considered as biological markers (rapids raise and sensitives). We determined apparition of toxic phenomenon in carp treated with chitosan and/or copper by parameters such as oxidative stress, immune system and isoforms of metallothionein. Chitosan seemed to be less toxic than copper. However, even if chitosan seemed to be less toxic than copper, it must be used sparingly. Moreover, our results suggested that biomarkers are largely influenced by fish health status due to the presence or not of a parasite
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GHILLEBAERT, FRANCOIS ROUBAUD P. "LE DEVELOPPEMENT PRECOCE DES POISSONS EN ECOTOXICOLOGIE EXEMPLE : LA CARPE COMMUNE (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.): IMPORTANCE DES FACTEURS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET DE LEURS INTERACTIONS, DIVERSIFICATION DES CRITERES DE TOXICITE /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1996. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1996/Ghillebaert.Fran%C3%A7ois.SMZ9611.pdf.
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McLean, Ewen. "Intact protein absorption in teleosts : a study of the absorption of intact proteins from the gut of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, R.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.)". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276139.
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