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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Cycles du carbone et de l’azote"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Cycles du carbone et de l’azote"
François, Mankessi, Malonga Kiantouba Merveillia Gilfarde y Ifo Suspense Averti. "Dynamique du carbone organique du sol et de l’azote dans une chronoséquence de plantation de Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. (Fabaceae), à Bambou-Mingali (République du Congo)". European Scientific Journal ESJ 18, n.º 8 (28 de febrero de 2022): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n8p172.
Texto completoVan Ryckeghem, S. "Caractérisation des formes physico-chimiques des deux radionucléides principaux (18F et 11C) produits par irradiation de cible et du principal radionucléide parasite (13N) rejetés par les installations françaises de fabrication de radiopharmaceutiques au moyen d’un cyclotron". Radioprotection 56, n.º 2 (abril de 2021): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2021008.
Texto completoEndamane, Ndzengboro, Ismaël Estimé Mbagou Mwe Zue Ona, Lyn Randy Essono Mbegha y François Eba. "Diagnostic de l’état agropédologique des sols argileux de Kango au Gabon". Revue Africaine d’Environnement et d’Agriculture 6, n.º 3 (21 de octubre de 2023): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rafea.v6i3.7.
Texto completoDOLLÉ, J. B., L. DELABY, S. PLANTUREUX, S. MOREAU, B. AMIAUD, A. CHARPIOT, V. MANNEVILLE, A. CHANSEAUME, H. CHAMBAUT y A. LE GALL. "Impact environnemental des systèmes bovins laitiers français". INRAE Productions Animales 26, n.º 2 (17 de abril de 2013): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.2.3149.
Texto completoWanko, A., R. Mose y A. Liénard. "Capacités de traitement d'un effluent de synthèse en infiltration percolation". Revue des sciences de l'eau 18, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2005): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705554ar.
Texto completoCasellas, M., C. Dagot y M. Baudu. "Stratégies d'élimination de l'azote d'un effluent urbain dans un réacteur discontinu séquentiel (SBR)". Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, n.º 4 (12 de abril de 2005): 749–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705479ar.
Texto completoHADIDI, M., B. BAHLAOUAN, S. ASSABA, F. Z. OZI, A. FATHI, S. EL ANTRI y N. BOUTALEB. "Optimisation de la production du biogaz par les plans de mélanges de déchets agro-industriels et biofertilisation par les résidus de codigestion". Techniques Sciences Méthodes, n.º 10 (20 de octubre de 2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202010053.
Texto completoMoretti, P., J. P. Canler, O. Petrimaux, F. Balmer, P. Buffière, P. Lessard y J. M. Choubert. "Performances et limites d’un procédé à lit fluidisé associant biofilm et liqueur mixte (IFAS) pour le traitement du carbone et de l’azote des eaux résiduaires urbaines". Techniques Sciences Méthodes, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2016): 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tsm/201611016.
Texto completoDONNARS, C., P. CELLIER y J. L. PEYRAUD. "Nouvelles de la recherche : expertise sur les flux d’azote liés aux élevages". INRAE Productions Animales 25, n.º 4 (2 de octubre de 2012): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2012.25.4.3226.
Texto completoDucos, Alain, Hugo Brun, Olivia Candau, Maëlle Deiber, Léa Florsheimer, Léa Larribeau y Baptiste Portet-Tixidor. "Des systèmes alimentaires non soutenables qu’il faut réformer en profondeur". Le Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire élevages & santé 15, n.º 53 (2023): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/npvelsa/2024001.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Cycles du carbone et de l’azote"
Moinard, Victor. "Conséquences de l’introduction de la méthanisation dans une exploitation de polyculture-élevage sur les cycles du carbone et de l’azote. Combinaison de l’expérimentation et de la modélisation à l’échelle de la ferme". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB049.
Texto completoThe anaerobic digestion (AD) of animal effluents is strongly developing in France. It produces renewable energy (biogas). Like undigested effluents, the use of anaerobic digestates in the field enables the recycling of nutrients and organic matter in the soil, which decreases the need for synthetic fertilizers and maintains soil organic carbon stocks. However, the treatment and field application of those organic products can also cause greenhouse gas emissions and contaminants. The on-farm AD nfluences those impacts. In order to control them, we need to understand how the co-digestion of animal effluents with imported organic wastes influences C and N cycles at the farm scale. We studied this question with the support of a case study at INRAE in Nouzilly (Centre – Val de Loire, France): a crop and livestock farm where an anaerobic digester treats the cattle effluents together with imported wastes. During the MetaMetha field experiment, we compared N fluxes during a crop rotation that was fertilized with synthetic N fertilizers, undigested cattle slurry and farmyard manure, or digestates issued from their digestion. We found that digestates can substitute synthetic fertilizers, despite the risk of ammonia (NH3) emissions. Earthworms can be negatively impacted just after the application of digestate of slurry, but the input of organic matter induced similar positive impacts after two years. We then evaluated the STICS and SYS-Metha models to simulate the field experiment, and digestate treatment and storage, respectively. Both models were coupled to simulate C and N fluxes at the farm scale. The models showed that when large amounts of digested wastes are imported, AD promotes substitution of synthetic N fertilizers and storage of soil organic C, but also NH3 emissions. The study enabled us to better evaluate the consequences of the on-farm AD and therefore to optimize the sector
Cailleaud, Emilie. "Cycles du carbone et de l’azote et émissions de gaz à effet de serre (CH4, CO2 et N2O) du lac de barrage de Petit Saut et du fleuve Sinnamary en aval du barrage (Guyane Française)". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30379.
Texto completoInland waters are sources of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In order to define their importance in the global balance of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, numerous studies have been conducted to quantify the different fluxes of the carbon and nitrogen browsing them. These fluxes are modified by the creation of dams on river beds. Few studies present full carbon and nitrogen balances (inputs, outputs, fluxes to the atmosphere and sequestration) for reservoirs, and they concern only boreal and temperate ecosystems. The creation of a dam floods organic matter (OM) (soils and forests), which is rapidly degraded the first years following the impoundment and thereafter more slowly. The state of degradation of the OM and the main source of GHG in a reservoir nearly 20 years after impoundment are often unknown. The study conducted 18 years after the impoundment of the Petit Saut Reservoir (French Guiana) is the first study where the main elements of carbon and nitrogen cycles of an hydroelectric reservoir, and its river downstream, located in equatorial climate and which creation resulted in the flooding of primary forest, are studied nearly 20 years after impoundment. This study is based on (i) a monthly measurement of water quality and carbon and nitrogen concentrations upstream, in, and downstream of the reservoir, (ii) measurements and/or calculations of the different fluxes of GHG through the atmosphere, (iii) data of the isotopic signature and of the state of degradation of OM upstream, in, and downstream of the reservoir, (iv) sediments and 1994’s flooded tree trunks sampling and (v) incubations of downstream river water, sediments and tree trunks from the reservoir. All the data collected during the 12 months of campaigns carried out in 2012 - 2013 allowed us to determine that (i) flooded soils are still significant sources of GHG unlike flooded tree trunks, (ii) in the reservoir 84 % of CH4 emissions and 51 % of CO2 emissions occur in the littoral zone (< 10 m depth), (iii) 54 % of the CO2 produced in the river downstream of the dam come from the degradation of the OM provided by the reservoir. This study also allowed us to achieve carbon and nitrogen balances in Petit Saut and emission balance of each GHG emitted (CH4, CO2, N2O) nearly 20 years after impoundment
Dembélé, Oupré Claude. "Dynamique de l’azote et du carbone lors de la décomposition de trois légumineuses utilisées comme cultures de couverture". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40302.
Texto completoCatteau, Simon. "Effets du carbone et de l’azote sur les cinétiques de décomposition de l’austénite dans un acier faiblement allié : étude expérimentale et modélisation". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0390/document.
Texto completoCarbonitriding thermochemical treatments followed by quench are commonly employed to improve wear and fatigue resistance of mechanical parts. However, the origin of this gain of mechanical properties is not well known. The objective of this PhD thesis is to characterize and to model, for a low-alloyed 23MnCrMo5 steel, the influence of austenite carbon and nitrogen concentrations on phase transformations kinetics during cooling. As a first step, the experimental procedure is based on the elaboration of specimens homogeneously enriched in carbon, nitrogen or carbon+nitrogen, thanks to a specifically designed process. Then, phase transformation kinetics and microstructural evolutions are studied by dilatometry, by high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction and by TEM. The introduction of nitrogen induces a strong acceleration of the phase transformation kinetics and much finer microstructures, in particular in high temperature range (500_C - 700_C). We attribute these effects to the nucleation of ferrite on CrN nitrides, which precipitated in austenite during the enrichment. In addition, the hardnesses are much higher than in specimens enriched in carbon. In situ XRD also allowed identifying the evolutions of the different phases (austenite, ferrite, cementite, CrN) and their chronology during the bainitic transformation. Finally, a model to predict the phase transformation kinetics is developed inorder to simulate the microstructure and hardness profiles inside layers enriched in carbon and/or nitrogen, leading to satisfactory agreement between simulation and experiments
Suan, Guillaume. "Changements climatiques, cycle du carbone et production carbonatée au Pliensbachien-Toarcien". Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10194.
Texto completoThe relationships between changes in climate, carbon cycling and carbonate production in the Pliensbachian-Toarcian are investigated using geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological data acquired in Portugal, Italy and northern Siberia. Reconstructions of seawater temperatures inferred from the oxygen isotope composition of brachiopod shells reveal successive and marked cooling and warming episodes. The analysis of calcareous nannofossils and carbonate contents indicate that warming episodes corresponded to drastic carbonate production decline and extinction in both neritic and pelagic settings. Global variations in carbon isotope ratios indicate that warming events were probably controlled by atmospheric CO2 concentrations, likely caused by episodes of intense volcanism in South Africa and in Antarctica
Bekayo, N. Derla. "Effet des alternances dessiccation-réhumidification des sols sur la minéralisation du carbone et de l’azote des sols : importance et origine du surcroît de minéralisation". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10195.
Texto completoGilson, Angelique. "Dynamique saisonnière et répartition du Carbone et de l’Azote : de l’organe au peuplement. Rôle des réserves et effets de l’âge chez le chêne sessile (Quercus petraea)". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112038/document.
Texto completoIn order to progress in the comprehension of tree carbon and nitrogen functioning, this work studies tree age effects on seasonal changes and quantities of carbon and nitrogen reserves.This study was performed in situ in a chronosequence of three different ages of sessile oaks (8, 20 and 150 years old). Seasonal dynamics of carbon and nitrogen compound concentrations was studied for one year in young branches and fine and medium roots, at key phenological and growth stages. The reserve quantification was possible thanks to the estimation of the living biomass of the tree different organs. The study of age effects on carbon and nitrogen reserve quantities and their distribution within the tree biomass was realized at the dominant tree scale and the stand scale.Seasonal dynamics of carbon reserve formation changes with ageing. Young trees allocate preferentially C to growth; C storage begins only after the end of wood growth. In mature trees, growth and storage occur at the same time during the vegetative period. Seasonal dynamics of nitrogen reserves is overall not different between the three age classes: the minimum nitrogen reserve is observed in summer and the maximum one after yellowing. Mature trees have higher amino acid concentrations, which could be explained by a higher fine root biomass and a higher mycorrhization rate at mature stage, allowing a better soil exploration and mineral nutrient.Carbon and nitrogen reserve quantities of the dominant tree and stand increase within age. Reserve distribution mainly depends on the living biomass distribution between the different organs. Stem stocks the majority of tree and stand carbon and nitrogen reserves for the three age classes. However carbon and nitrogen compound concentrations have an important effect on the reserve localization in tree because carbon and nitrogen reserve distribution can be different from the living biomass one. With this study, we show that carbon compound allocation to storage in coarse roots and branches increase progressively with tree age.The results of this study highlight an evolution in C and N management with tree age
Hatton, Pierre-Joseph. "Séquestration du carbone et de l’azote des feuilles de hêtre dans les associations organo-minérales du sol : Approches macroscopiques, nanométriques & moléculaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0050.
Texto completoOrgano-mineral associations play a key role in the long-term sequestration of organic matter in forest soils. However, knowledge about the contribution of the different types of organo-mineral associations and the microbial processes involved in soil organic matter stabilisation is scant. To solve it, stable isotope techniques have been combined with the sequential density fractionation of organo-mineral associations. Isolated fractions were investigated in field and in lab, at different temporal (from 8 hours to 12 years) and spatial scales (macro-, submicron- and molecular scales).Four types of organo-mineral associations were distinguished: plant debris with little mineral attached, plant aggregates, microbial aggregates and mineral grains. Isotopically labeled beech leaf litters were tracked at a decadal time-scale to reveal transfers in between organo-mineral associations. Both litter-derived carbon and nitrogen entered the soil as plant fragments to progressively pass through plant and microbial aggregates. Aggregates appeared particularly meaningful for the stabilisation of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen at a decadal time-scale. Little of the litter-derived carbon and nitrogen was found quickly stabilized to mineral grains. Microbial activities appeared as a major controlling factor for the evolvement of organo-mineral associations, responsive for the transfers of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen. Indeed, plant debris colonized by microorganisms are progressively trapped into plant aggregates. As decomposition proceeds, plant aggregates disrupt into denser microbial aggregates. These aggregates are loaded with lesser organic matter, but enriched in stable microbial materials.Stabilisation by soil microorganisms has been studied at the macro-, submicronand molecular- scales, using mostly NanoSIMS and LC-IRMS. Microbial stabilization operated (i) directly through immobilization in microbial cells and, (ii) indirectly through large production of extracellular microbial products. By calibrating the NanoSIMS for accurate C/N ratios, extracellular microbial products have been shown to be stabilized onto organo-mineral associations without apparent control of the mineral-attached organic matter chemistry. The incorporation of 13C tracers into amino sugars, biomarkers of bacterial and fungal biomasses, revealed that living microorganisms grow where the resource is, but accumulate in microbial aggregates. Microbial biomasses moved from plant debris to microbial aggregates, likely along with the transfers of decaying litter residues as described above.This work points aggregates as meaningful organo-mineral associations for the sequestration of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen at the decadal time-scale. It also revealed the role of microorganisms in the transfers and stabilization of litterderived carbon and nitrogen within organo-mineral associations
Caffin, Mathieu. "Devenir de la fixation d'azote et export de carbone dans l'océan Pacifique tropical sud-ouest". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0475/document.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis focuses on the quantification of diazotrophy and its influence on biogeochemical cycles in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean, a critically under-sampled region so far. The aim of this work is to (1) quantify N2 fixation and identify the main contributors of diazotrophy in this region, (2) assess the influence of N2 fixation on primary production and carbon export, (3) identify transfer pathways of the fixed nitrogen in the planktonic food web.We have found that the western tropical South Pacific Ocean was a hotspot of N2 fixation. In the western part, the oligotrophic waters of the Melanesian archipelago presented high N2 fixation rates and diazotrophes were dominated by Trichodesmium. In the eastern part, the ultra-oligotrophic waters of the South Pacific gyre presented lower N2 fixation rates, and diazotrophs were dominated by UCYN-B.The nitrogen budgets show that N2 fixation contributed to more than 90 % of the of new nitrogen input in the photic layer. The study of the transfer pathways of the fixed nitrogen has shown that 7 to 15 % of total N2 fixation was transferred to non-diazotrophs.This PhD thesis indicates that diazotrophy sustains the biological pump in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean, and can have a critical influence in the planktonic community structure and in biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen in oligotrophic regions
Cros, Camille. "Régulations microbiennes et rhizosphériques des cycles du carbone et de l'azote dans les systèmes de culture conventionnels et innovants". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC005/document.
Texto completoThe presence of plants accelerates the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) through the supply of energy-rich compounds (rhizodeposits and litter) stimulating microorganisms; a phenomenon called rhizosphere priming effect (RPE). An increase of photosynthesis, supplying soil with rhizodeposited energy, could increase the RPE and soil nutrients offer. Recently, the SYMPHONY model coupling photosynthesis and soil microbial activities suggested an adjustment of the soil nutrient offer (delta mineralization-immobilization) to plant demand. However, the key role of photosynthesis in this offer-demand adjustment needs to be investigated experimentally.The general objective of the thesis is to study the role of interactions between photosynthesis and soil microbial activities in the regulation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes of ecosystems. Three ecosystem types were studied: grassland, wheat monoculture and a new cropping system (NSC) where wheat and perennial grassland species were intercropped. We hypothesize that perennial species, through a continuous photosynthetic activity supplying microorganisms with energy over the year, are essential for offer-demand adjustment.Many technical challenges were overcame to build an experimental platform of 40 mesocosms under natural light and temperature. This platform allows to couple 13C labeling of plants, continuous CO2-exchange measurements, RPE, plant production, soil C storage, N mineralization-immobilization turnover and N leaching.This experimental platform allowed us to determine the contribution of RPE to C fluxes of ecosystems including net ecosystem production (NEP), gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) expressed in g C m-2 24h-1. We found positive linear relationships between (1) RPE and GPP and (2) RPE and aboveground biomass (AGB) (g C m-2). Using these relationships, the RPE can be predicted with the following equations: (...).We show an adjustment of soil N-offer to plant N-demand across seasons: a high photosynthetic activity (spring) is linked to high RPE and delta mineralization-immobilization of N whereas a low photosynthetic activity (autumn) is linked to low RPE and delta mineralization-immobilization of N. This adjustment was observed in grassland and NSC but not in wheat monoculture. Consistently, N leaching was high in wheat monoculture while it was almost null in grassland and NSC. After two years of establishment of the three ecosystems, the total aboveground production of the NSC was equivalent to the grassland, each being about twice as high as the wheat monoculture. These results confirm the importance of perennial species in the offer-demand adjustment of N.Our findings underline the importance of plant activities and rhizosphere processes in the regulation of ecosystems C N cycles. Using the proxies of rhizosphere processes (RPE, offer-demand adjustment) provided in the thesis, further studies could investigate these regulations in situ and at the global scale. The presence of photosynthetic and rhizospheric activities over the year are essential for offer-demand adjustment of nutrients leading to high primary production, closing nutrient cycles and SOM storage. These findings offer the opportunity to build new cropping systems such as the wheat-perennial species studied, with high agro-environmental performances