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Kim, Hyun Ryang. "A study on the ‘Girl Crush Style of 4th Generation Girl Group’". Korea Institute of Design Research Society 7, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46248/kidrs.2022.4.9.
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Girl crush is defined as a woman's desire to cheer and actively support women, such a phenomenon, or a strong affinity to see a wonderful woman. Recently, girl crush has become a remarkable cultural phenomenon and has emerged as a strong trend in girl group style, establishing itself as one of the popular culture strategies that draw their likes through women's tastes. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the girl crush style of the 4th generation girl group, and the research method collected and analyzed data through previous studies, professional books, and SNS articles. Based on the brand reputation index of the girl group reputation report analyzed by the Korea Corporate Reputation Institute from January to July 2022, the data were compiled and selected from 1st to 50th, and 16 fourth-generation girl groups included in the ranking were selected as the final subjects. The study found that the girl crush styles of the fourth-generation girl groups were punk style, athletic style, military style, school girl style, futurist style, and goth style. In addition, the girl crush style is largely divided into girl crush and teen crush, and it is expressed in the style of a free-spirited girl and a strong and confident woman who visits the self according to music concepts and strategies within each style type.
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Renno, Waleed M., Ludmil Benov y Khalid M. Khan. "Possible role of antioxidative capacity of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment in morphological and neurobehavioral recovery after sciatic nerve crush injury". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 27, n.º 5 (noviembre de 2017): 593–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.10.spine16218.
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OBJECTIVEThis study examined the capacity of the major polyphenolic green tea extract (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to suppress oxidative stress and stimulate the recovery and prompt the regeneration of sciatic nerve after crush injury.METHODSAdult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: 1) Naïve, 2) Sham (sham injury, surgical control group), 3) Crush (sciatic nerve crush injury treated with saline), and 4) Crush+EGCG (sciatic nerve crush injury treated with intraperitoneally administered EGCG, 50 mg/kg). All animals were tested for motor and sensory neurobehavioral parameters throughout the study. Sciatic nerve and spinal cord tissues were harvested and processed for morphometric and stereological analysis. For the biochemical assays, the time points were Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, and Day 28 after nerve injury.RESULTSAfter sciatic nerve crush injury, the EGCG-treated animals (Crush+EGCG group) showed significantly better recovery of foot position and toe spread and 50% greater improvement in motor recovery than the saline-treated animals (Crush group). The Crush+EGCG group displayed an early hopping response at the beginning of the 3rd week postinjury. Animals in the Crush+EGCG group also showed a significant reduction in mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia latencies and significant improvement in recovery from nociception deficits in both heat withdrawal and tail flick withdrawal latencies compared with the Crush group. In both the Crush+EGCG and Crush groups, quantitative evaluation revealed significant morphological evidence of neuroregeneration according to the following parameters: mean cross-sectional area of axons, myelin thickness in the sciatic nerve (from Week 4 to Week 8), increase of myelin basic protein concentration and gene expression in both the injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord, and fiber diameter to axon diameter ratio and myelin thickness to axon diameter ratio at Week 2 after sciatic nerve injury. However, the axon area remained much smaller in both the Crush+EGCG and Crush groups compared with the Sham and Naïve groups. The number of axons per unit area was significantly decreased in the Crush+EGCG and Crush groups compared with controls. Sciatic nerve injury produced generalized oxidative stress manifested as a significant increase of isoprostanes in the urine and decrease of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the blood from Day 7 until Day 14. EGCG-treated rats showed significantly less increase of isoprostanes than saline-treated animals and also showed full recovery of TAC levels by Day 14 after nerve injury. In spinal cord tissue analysis, EGCG-treated animals showed induced glutathione reductase and suppressed induction of heme oxygenase 1 gene expression compared with nontreated animals.CONCLUSIONSEGCG treatment suppressed the crush-induced production of isoprostanes and stimulated the recovery of the TAC and was associated with remarkable alleviation of motor and sensory impairment and significant histomorphological evidence of neuronal regeneration following sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. The findings of this study suggest that EGCG can be used as an adjunctive therapeutic remedy for nerve injury. However, further investigations are needed to establish the antioxidative mechanism involved in the regenerative process after nerve injury. Only upregulation of glutathione reductase supports the idea that EGCG is acting indirectly via induction of enzymes or transcription factors.
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Wang, Jinxiang, Zhiguo Chen, Shike Hou, Ziquan Liu y Qi Lv. "TAK-242 Attenuates Crush Injury Induced Acute Kidney Injury through Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Rats". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, n.º 6 (24 de septiembre de 2020): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20001132.
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AbstractBackground:To investigate if toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways mediated crush injury induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats, and if TAK-242 (a specific inhibitor of TLR4) attenuates the injury through inhibiting the signaling pathways.Methods:This study was divided into two parts: (1) Establish the crush injury model: 50 rats were randomly divided into control group and four crush injury groups (n = 10/group). Crush injury groups were given 3kg pressure for eight hours and were sacrificed at the time points of 0h, 6h, 12h, and 24h after relieving pressure. And (2) Select the most obvious injury group (12h group) for drug intervention group. Thirty rats were randomly divided into control group, 12h group, and 12h+TAK-242 group (n = 10/group). Two parts detection were as follows: pathological changes of kidney tissues were observed in Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), myoglobin (Mb), and blood potassium were examined by automatic biochemical analysis instrument. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The TLR4 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), TLR4, and P65 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, immunohistochemistry staining.Results:Compared with the control group, kidney tissues were damaged in crush injury groups, and most obvious in the 12h group. The level of serum creatinine, BUN, Mb, blood potassium, IL-6, TNF-α, and TLR4mRNA were increased in the crush injury groups and significantly increased in the 12h group (P <.05). The TLR4 and P65 were significantly increased in the 12h group (P <.05). Compared with the 12h group, kidney tissue damage was significantly reduced in the TAK-242 group (P <.05). The level of serum creatinine, BUN, Mb, blood potassium, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR4mRNA, TLR4, and P65 in the TAK-242 group were significantly reduced (P <.05).Conclusion:The present findings conclude that TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways mediated crush injury induced AKI in rats, and TAK-242 attenuates the injury through inhibiting the signaling pathways.
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Adam Sheikh, Omar y Ahmed Mead. "LONG TERM EFFECTS OF ALLANTOIN ON PERIPHERAL NERVE HEALING: AN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY". International Journal of Advanced Research 10, n.º 01 (31 de enero de 2022): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14053.
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Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are a common health problem resulting in a decreased quality of life. Treatment of peripheral nerve injuries is complex and depends on location, intensity, and type of nerve injury. Allantoin is an antioxidant found in plants that enhance wound healing. It promotes the proliferation of cells by improving peripheral nerve function. This study aimed to investigate the long term effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of allantoin on peripheral nerve healing in an experimental sciatic nerve crush in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control (Cont) Group did not receive any special protocol for 60 days. Crush (Cr) Group was induced to crush. Allantoin (A) Group received 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. Crush + Allantoin (Cr+A) Group was induced to crush and given 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. After 60 days all rats were sacrificed following electromyography (EMG). Results: Allantoin was revealed to enhance the peripheral nerve function in terms of amplitude and latency. Conclusion: The i.p. administration of allantoin may have a positive effect on peripheral nerve healing.
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Rodríguez Sánchez, Diego Noé, Luiz Antonio de Lima Resende, Giovana Boff Araujo Pinto, Ana Lívia de Carvalho Bovolato, Fábio Sossai Possebon, Elenice Deffune y Rogério Martins Amorim. "Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhance Neuroregeneration in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury". Cell Transplantation 28, n.º 1 (28 de octubre de 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689718809045.
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Crush injuries in peripheral nerves are frequent and induce long-term disability with motor and sensory deficits. Due to axonal and myelin sheath disruptions, strategies for optimized axonal regeneration are needed. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising because of their anti-inflammatory properties and secretion of neurotrophins. The present study investigated the effect of canine adipose tissue MSC (Ad-MSC) transplantation in an experimental sciatic nerve crush injury. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham ( n = 8); Crush+PBS ( n = 8); Crush+MSC ( n = 8). Measurements of sciatic nerve functional index (SFI), muscle mass, and electromyography (EMG) were performed. Canine Ad-MSC showed mesodermal characteristics (CD34-, CD45-, CD44+, CD90+ and CD105+) and multipotentiality due to chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. SFI during weeks 3 and 4 was significantly higher in the Crush+MSC group ( p < 0.001). During week 4, the EMG latency in the Crush+MSC groups had better near normality ( p < 0.05). The EMG amplitude showed results close to normality during week 4 in the Crush+MSC group ( p < 0.04). There were no statistical differences in muscle weight between the groups ( p > 0.05), but there was a tendency toward weight gain in the Crush+MSC groups. Better motor functional recovery after crush and perineural canine Ad-MSC transplantation was observed during week 2. This was maintained till week 4. In conclusion, the canine Ad-MSC transplantation showed early pro-regenerative effects between 2–4 weeks in the rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury.
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Loescher, A. R. y P. P. Robinson. "Properties of reinnervated periodontal mechanoreceptors after inferior alveolar nerve injuries in cats". Journal of Neurophysiology 62, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1989): 979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.4.979.
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1. The properties of periodontal mechanoreceptors supplying lower canine teeth in cats have been investigated 12 wk after the crushing or sectioning of the inferior alveolar nerve. Forces were applied at right angles to the crown of the tooth and recordings made from filaments dissected from the nerve central to the injury site. Data obtained from 41 units after nerve crush and 65 units after nerve section were compared with those from a series of control animals. 2. The range of directions to which each receptor was sensitive was significantly smaller after both nerve crush and nerve section. There were significantly more rapidly adapting units after both nerve crush (37%) and nerve section (34%) than in the controls (19%). 3. Force thresholds measured at three rates of application (20 N/s, 2 N/s, and 0.25 N/s) were significantly higher after nerve section but not after nerve crush. The maximum frequency of discharge was significantly reduced after both nerve crush and nerve section. 4. Bone was removed from over the roots of the teeth to localize receptors in the underlying periodontal ligament. Seventeen receptors were localized in the nerve crush group and 23 in the nerve section group, and their distribution appeared similar to that found in controls. The conduction velocities of these units were significantly reduced after nerve section but not after nerve crush. One unit in the nerve section group appeared to have branched and innervated receptors in two locations.
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SHAN, Shou-jie, Fei YE, Zhi-zhong LIU, Nai-liang TIAN, Jun-jie ZHANG y Shao-liang CHEN. "Coronary bifurcation lesions treated with double kissing crush technique compared to classical crush technique: serial intravascular ultrasound analysis". Chinese Medical Journal 126, n.º 7 (5 de abril de 2013): 1247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20121534.
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Background The double kissing (DK) crush technique is a modified version of the crush technique. It is specifically designed to increase the success rate of the final kissing balloon post-dilatation, but its efficacy and safety remain unclear. Methods Data were obtained from the DKCRUSH-I trial, a prospective, randomized, multi-center study to evaluate safety and efficacy. Post-procedural and eight-month follow-up intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis was available in 61 cases. Volumetric analysis using Simpson's method within the Taxus stent, and cross-sectional analysis at the five sites of the main vessel (MV) and three sites of the side branch (SB) were performed. Impact of the bifurcation angle on stent expansion at the carina was also evaluated. Results Stent expansion in the SB ostium was significantly less in the classical crush group ((53.81±13.51)%) than in the DK crush group ((72.27±11.46)%) (P=0.04). For the MV, the incidence of incomplete crush was 41.9% in the DK group and 70.0% in the classical group (P=0.03). The percentage of neointimal area at the ostium had a tendency to be smaller in the DK group compared with the classical group ((16.4±19.2)% vs. (22.8±27.1)%, P=0.06). The optimal threshold of post-procedural minimum stent area (MSA) to predict follow-up minimum lumen area (MLA) <4.0 mm2 at the SB ostium was 4.55 mm2, yielding an area under the curve of 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.61 to 0.92). Conclusion Our data suggest that the DK crush technique is associated with improved quality of the final kissing balloon inflation (FKBI) and had smaller optimal cutoff value of post-procedural MSA at the SB ostium.
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Park, Dong Choon, Hye Kyu Min, Jae Min Lee, Young Il Kim, Sang Hoon Kim y Seung Geun Yeo. "Increased Expression of Toll-like Receptor 2 mRNA after Facial Nerve Injury in Rat". Journal of Immunology 206, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2021): 109.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.109.12.
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Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether TLRs mRNA is expressed in the distal facial nerve after facial nerve injury. Methods: The adult male Sprague-Dawley with a body weight of 200–250g underwent injury of unilateral facial nerve. Crush or cutting injury was given at the midpoint between the facial nerve trunk and the facial nerve branch. The whisker movement of vibrissae muscle was examined 4 and 14 days after facial nerve injury. The normal facial nerve on the left side and the damaged facial nerve on the right side were taken under the inhalation anesthesia and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. Results: In the whisker movement of vibrissae muscle, the crush group and the cutting group showed worse scores on the 14th day than the 4th scores in each group (p<0.05). On the 4th day of injury, the expression of TLR 7 mRNA was highest in the crush group, and on the 14th day of injury, the expression of TLR 7 mRNA was highest in the cutting group. On the 14th day of injury, the expression of TLR 2 mRNA was significantly higher in the cutting group than in the control group (p<0.05), on the 4th day of injury, the expression of TLR 9, 13 mRNA was significantly lower in the crush and cutting groups than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The expression of TLR 2 mRNA in the distal facial nerve after facial nerve injury in the cutting group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but the expressions of TLR 9 and 13 mRNA in the crush and cutting groups were significantly low. Therefore, TLR mRNA may be involved in facial nerve damage and regeneration.
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Umansky, Daniel, Kathleen M. Hagen, Tak Ho Chu, Rajesh K. Pathiyil, Saud Alzahrani, Shalina S. Ousman y Rajiv Midha. "Functional Gait Assessment Using Manual, Semi-Automated and Deep Learning Approaches Following Standardized Models of Peripheral Nerve Injury in Mice". Biomolecules 12, n.º 10 (23 de septiembre de 2022): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12101355.
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Objective: To develop a standardized model of stretch–crush sciatic nerve injury in mice, and to compare outcomes of crush and novel stretch–crush injuries using standard manual gait and sensory assays, and compare them to both semi-automated as well as deep-learning gait analysis methods. Methods: Initial studies in C57/Bl6 mice were used to develop crush and stretch–crush injury models followed by histologic analysis. In total, 12 eight-week-old 129S6/SvEvTac mice were used in a six-week behavioural study. Behavioral assessments using the von Frey monofilament test and gait analysis recorded on a DigiGait platform and analyzed through both Visual Gait Lab (VGL) deep learning and standardized sciatic functional index (SFI) measurements were evaluated weekly. At the termination of the study, neurophysiological nerve conduction velocities were recorded, calf muscle weight ratios measured and histological analyses performed. Results: Histological evidence confirmed more severe histomorphological injury in the stretch–crush injured group compared to the crush-only injured group at one week post-injury. Von Frey monofilament paw withdrawal was significant for both groups at week one compared to baseline (p < 0.05), but not between groups with return to baseline at week five. SFI showed hindered gait at week one and two for both groups, compared to baseline (p < 0.0001), with return to baseline at week five. Hind stance width (HSW) showed similar trends as von Frey monofilament test as well as SFI measurements, yet hind paw angle (HPA) peaked at week two. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV), measured six weeks post-injury, at the termination of the study, did not show any significant difference between the two groups; yet, calf muscle weight measurements were significantly different between the two, with the stretch–crush group demonstrating a lower (poorer) weight ratio relative to uninjured contralateral legs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Stretch–crush injury achieved a more reproducible and constant injury compared to crush-only injuries, with at least a Sunderland grade 3 injury (perineurial interruption) in histological samples one week post-injury in the former. However, serial behavioral outcomes were comparable between the two crush groups, with similar kinetics of recovery by von Frey testing, SFI and certain VGL parameters, the latter reported for the first time in rodent peripheral nerve injury. Semi-automated and deep learning-based approaches for gait analysis are promising, but require further validation for evaluation in murine hind-limb nerve injuries.
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Sun, Kyung Hoon, Cheol Hee Choi, Gwang-Won Cho y Chul Ho Jang. "Effect of Metformin on the Functional and Electrophysiological Recovery of Crush Injury-Induced Facial Nerve Paralysis in Diabetic Rats". Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, n.º 9 (27 de agosto de 2023): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13091317.
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The impact of metformin on the rat facial nerve following crush injury has only occasionally been documented to date. The purpose of the current investigation was to use functional and electrophysiological evaluations to investigate the effects of metformin administration on recovery following crush injury to the rat facial nerve. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: the nonDM/PBS group (n = 4), the nonDM/metformin group (n = 4), the DM/PBS group (n = 4), and the DM/metformin group (n = 4). Diabetes was generated by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Facial nerve paralysis was induced by a crush injury 7 days after diabetes induction. The blood glucose levels of the DM/PBS and DM/metformin groups were maintained at over 300 mg/dL, whereas the blood glucose levels of the nonDM/PBS and nonDM/metformin groups were maintained at less than 150 mg/dL. There was no significant difference between the two nonDM groups. In comparison to the PBS group, the metformin group’s recurrence of vibrissa fibrillation occurred noticeably sooner over time. The nonDM/metformin group showed the highest recovery rate in the second, third, and fourth weeks post-crush, respectively. The threshold of action potential 4 weeks after crush injury showed that the nonDM/metformin group had a significantly lower mean threshold of MAP compared to other groups. The short-term effect of metformin on the recovery of facial nerve blood flow (FNBF) was significantly increased compared to the DM/PBS group. However, there was no significant difference in FNBF between the nonDM/metformin and nonDM/PBS groups. A diabetic condition promoted a delay in FN regeneration. Metformin is able to accelerate functional recovery in diabetic or nondiabetic FN-injured rats. Further studies using a morphometric or molecular approach are planned to understand the pharmacologic mechanism of metformin.
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Prabhaharan S. A., G. Balaji y Krishnamoorthy Annamalai. "Numerical simulation of crashworthiness parameters for design optimization of an automotive crash-box". International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 13 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2021036.
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Automotive manufacturers rely on rigorous testing and simulations to construct their vehicles durable and safe in all aspects. One such vital factor is crash safety, otherwise known as crashworthiness. Crash tests are conventional forms of non-destructive methods to validate the vehicle for its crashworthiness and compatibility based on different operating conditions. The frontal impact test is the most primary form of crash test, which focuses on improving passenger's safety and comfort. According to NHTSA, a vehicle is rated based on these safety criteria, for which automobile manufacturers conduct a plethora of crash-related studies. Numerical simulation aids them in cutting down testing time and overall cost endured by providing a reliable amount of insights into the process. The current study is aimed at improving the crashworthiness of a crash box in a lightweight passenger car, such that it becomes more energy absorbent in terms of frontal impacts. All necessary parameters such as energy absorption, mean crush force, specific energy absorption, crush force efficiencies are evaluated based on analytical and finite element methods. There was a decent agreement between the analytical and simulation results, with an accuracy of 97%. The crashworthiness of the crash box was improved with the help of DOE-based response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM approach helped in improving the design of the crash box with enhanced EA & CFE by 30% and 8.8% respectively. The investigation of design variables on the energy absorption capacity of the thin-walled structure was also done. For the axial impact simulations, finite element solver Virtual Performance Solution − Pam Crash from the ESI group is used.
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Ren, Qingjia y Junjun Zhang. "Long Non-Coding RNA-X-Inactive Specific Transcript Promotes the Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival After Optic Nerve Crush Injury by Upregulating miR-36". Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 13, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2023): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2023.3265.
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Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) axons participate in the construction of optic nerve, and prevent the damage of RGC during acute optic nerve injury. IncRNA-XIST is crucial for RGC apoptosis. Our study intends to assess IncRNA-XIST’s role in the regulation of RGC apoptosis in an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for treating optic nerve crush injury. Two genotypes of mice (wild-type and miR-36 KO) were used to establish an optic nerve crush injury model to investigate the regulatory role of IncRNA-XIST gene in RGCs apoptosis. These mice were then randomly assigned into control group (WT), injury group, and XIST/injury group. The changes of apoptotic genes and proteins in retinal ganglion cells were analyzed by qPCR, WB and TUNEL staining. In wild-type mice, RGC apoptosis was significantly increased after optic nerve compression injury, and the expression of Bax and Bad was significantly increased. When the LncRNA-XIST gene was overexpressed before retinal crush injury, the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells was significantly reduced, and Bax and Bad levels were decreased as compared with model group of optic nerve injury. The results showed that in wild-type mice, overexpression of IncRNA-XIST gene promoted the survival of RGC after optic nerve crush injury. In addition, upregulation of IncRNA-xist expression in miR-36 KO mice did not reduce retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and alter the apoptotic protein expression after optic nerve crush injury. Defects of miR-36 alone or overexpression of XIST gene do not cause morphological damage of retina in mice. In mouse ganglion cells, miR-36 expression was up-regulated in both injured cells and overexpressed XIST gene. However, up-regulation of miR-36 caused by overexpression of XIST gene was more obvious. In addition, in vivo studies of wild-type mice, it was found that overexpression of XIST reduced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, and this effect was abolished in miR-36 KO mice. In conclusion, lncRNA-XIST reduces ganglion cell apoptosis by upregulating miR-36 and promotes the survival of RGC after nerve crush injury.
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Peng, Jingyi, Jiayi Jin, Wenru Su, Wanwen Shao, Weihua Li, Zhiquan Li, Huan Yu, Yongxin Zheng y Liuxueying Zhong. "High-Mobility Group Box 1 Inhibitor BoxA Alleviates Neuroinflammation-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Damage in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 12 (16 de junio de 2022): 6715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126715.
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Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a significant cause of vision loss and irreversible blindness worldwide. It is defined as retinal ganglion cell death and axon degeneration caused by injury. Optic nerve crush (ONC), a well-validated model of TON, activates retinal microglia and initiates neuroinflammation. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone chromosomal binding protein in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, is an important inducer of microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effects and mechanism of the HMGB1 inhibitor BoxA to neuroinflammation-induced retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) damage in traumatic optic neuropathy. For that purpose, an optic nerve crush model was established in C57BL/6J mice at 10–12 weeks. Model mice received an intravitreal injection of PBS and the HMGB1 inhibitor BoxA. Our data demonstrated that HMGB1 expression increased after optic nerve crush. Retinal ganglion cell function and morphology were damaged, and retinal ganglion cell numbers were reduced after optic nerve crush. Intravitreal injection of BoxA after ONC can alleviate damage. Furthermore, BoxA reduced microglial activation and expression levels of nuclear factor κB (NF-kB), nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) in experimental ONC mice. In summary, HMGB1 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome via NF-kB to participate in retinal inflammatory injury after ONC. Thus, intravitreal injection of BoxA has potential therapeutic benefits for the effective treatment of RGC death to prevent TON.
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Yang, Dar-Yu, Meei-Ling Sheu, Hong-Lin Su, Fu-Chou Cheng, Ying-Ju Chen, Chun-Jung Chen, Wen-Ta Chiu, Jia-Jean Yiin, Jason Sheehan y Hung-Chuan Pan. "Dual regeneration of muscle and nerve by intravenous administration of human amniotic fluid–derived mesenchymal stem cells regulated by stromal cell–derived factor-1α in a sciatic nerve injury model". Journal of Neurosurgery 116, n.º 6 (junio de 2012): 1357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.2.jns111360.
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Object Human amniotic fluid–derived mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) have been shown to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The expression of stromal cell–derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in the injured nerve exerts a trophic effect by recruiting progenitor cells that promote nerve regeneration. In this study, the authors investigated the feasibility of intravenous administration of AFMSCs according to SDF-1α expression time profiles to facilitate neural regeneration in a sciatic nerve crush injury model. Methods Peripheral nerve injury was induced in 63 Sprague-Dawley rats by crushing the left sciatic nerve using a vessel clamp. The animals were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: Group I, crush injury as the control; Group II, crush injury and intravenous administration of AFMSCs (5 × 106 cells for 3 days) immediately after injury (early administration); and Group III, crush injury and intravenous administration of AFMSCs (5 × 106 cells for 3 days) 7 days after injury (late administration). Evaluation of neurobehavior, electrophysiological study, and assessment of regeneration markers were conducted every week after injury. The expression of SDF-1α and neurotrophic factors and the distribution of AFMSCs in various time profiles were also assessed. Results Stromal cell–derived factor-1α increased the migration and wound healing of AFMSCs in vitro, and the migration ability was dose dependent. Crush injury induced the expression of SDF-1α at a peak of 10–14 days either in nerve or muscle, and this increased expression paralleled the expression of its receptor, chemokine receptor type-4 (CXCR-4). Most AFMSCs were distributed to the lung during early or late administration. Significant deposition of AFMSCs in nerve and muscle only occurred in the late administration group. Significantly enhanced neurobehavior, electrophysiological function, nerve myelination, and expression of neurotrophic factors and acetylcholine receptor were demonstrated in the late administration group. Conclusions Amniotic fluid–derived mesenchymal stem cells can be recruited by expression of SDF-1α in muscle and nerve after nerve crush injury. The increased deposition of AFMSCs paralleled the expression profiles of SDF-1α and its receptor CXCR-4 in either muscle or nerve. Administration of AFMSCs led to improvements in neurobehavior and expression of regeneration markers. Intravenous administration of AFMSCs may be a promising alternative treatment strategy in peripheral nerve disorder.
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Kotarba, Joseph y Amanda Couve. "The Crush: A Proto-Romantic Relationship Across the Life Course". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1095.
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Abstract This presentation describes the “crush” experience as it occurs among older adults. A basic definition of a crush is a one-sided, proto-romantic relationship. The scholarly and commonsense understanding in American culture focuses on the crush as most commonly occurring during the developmental phases of adolescence and pre-adolescence. Symbolic interactionists view life course as a somewhat fluid process of adapting to changing situations in life. Experiences like the crush can potentially occur at almost any age at which romantic thoughts and feelings are possible. Our ethnographic research on older adults residing either in group facilities or in domiciliary locations indicates that crushes are fairly common. These crushes follow the same general narrative as crushes among younger people: a beginning, a middle and an end. There are two narrative styles among older adults: face-to-face and mediated. The crush in a group facility is encouraged by interaction during social hours, meals, entertainment, and religious/spiritual activities. Crushes are more observable among women who do not have to delve into their past for objects of their affection. Available paramours from the mass media include young celebrities such as Michael Buble and Josh Groban. These crushes differ from those among younger women in the denouement, to the degree affection generally fades away from memory rather than comes to a distinct end. Factors such as increased access to electronic media and music, and increased sociality in the community and in residential environments will create situations in which the security, excitement and rewards of a crush are plausible.
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CEL, Murat, zg AKTA, O. ZENG, Abdurrahim TA, Azmi TUFAN, Burak EREN y Feyza ZEY. "The effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on nerve tissue healing after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats". Annals of Medical Research 30, n.º 6 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2023.02.061.
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Background: Crush injury damages the nerve, affects its function and causes oxidative stress. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant agent with protective effects on the nerve tissue. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ALA in the treatment of crush sciatic nerve injury in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were divided into five groups. Walking Track Analysis (WTA) was performed in all groups before sacrificing the sciatic nerve. In group I (sham group), the sciatic nerve was exposed but not crushed, whereas in group II (early control group, 24th hour), group III (late control group, 7th day), group IV (early experimental group, 24th hour), and group V (late control group, 7th day), the sciatic nerve was exposed and clipped with an aneurysm clip for 300 seconds. One hour after the crush injury, subjects in groups II and III were given saline (2.5 ml, intraperitoneally), while ALA (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered in Groups IV and V. WTA was performed in Groups I, II, and IV at the 24th hour after clipping and was performed in Groups III and V at 7th day after clipping. In all groups, the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) was calculated after WTA. Following the completion of WTA, sciatic nerve tissue samples were obtained for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) enzyme values. Results: The SFI scores in groups II, III, IV, and V were significantly lower than that of sham group (p˂0.05), while no significant difference was found between groups II and IV and between groups III and V (p>0.05). The CAT values of groups II and IV, the GSH-Px value and MDA value of group IV, and the SOD values of groups II and IV were found to be significantly higher than those of sham group (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was found among groups I, III, and V with regard to CAT, GSH-Px, MDA and SOD values (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that a single dose of ALA (100 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally one hour after the sciatic nerve crush injury had no therapeutic efficacy at 24 hours and 7 days after the administration. Further experimental studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of ALA applied in several doses rather than a single dose in crush peripheral nerve injury models.
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Kang, Mi-Sun, Gil-Hyun Lee, Go-Eun Choi, Hae-Gyung Yoon y Kyung-Yae Hyun. "Neuroprotective Effect of Nypa fruticans Wurmb by Suppressing TRPV1 Following Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in a Rat". Nutrients 12, n.º 9 (27 de agosto de 2020): 2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092618.
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Peripheral nerve injury can result in severe functional impairment and decreased quality of life due to loss of sensory and motor function. Nypa fruticans wurmb (NF) has been used in diverse folk remedies in East Asia. We have previously shown that Nypa fruticans wurmb extract has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing TRPV1 in the sciatic nerve injury. The present study investigated the effects of NF on the control of TRPV1 in relation to neuroprotective effects of a sciatic nerve crush injury. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects, an animal behavior test and a physiological function test were performed. Functional recovery and nerve recovery were improved in the NF and NF + SB (SB366791; TRPV1 antagonist) treated group. In the histomorphology evaluation, the neuronal regenerative effect of NF on the injured sciatic nerve was confirmed via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In this study, the NF and NF + SB treated group showed neuroprotective and functional recovery effects from the sciatic nerve crush injury. Furthermore, the expression of NF-κB and iNOS showed a significantly suppressive effect on NF (p < 0.01), SB (p < 0.01), and NF + SB (p < 0.01) treated group at the 7th and 14th day compared to the vehicle group. This study confirmed the neuroprotective effects of NF on suppressing TRPV1 in a sciatic nerve crush injury. The findings of this study establish the effect of NF as a neurotherapeutic agent to protect the peripheral nerve after a sciatic nerve crush injury.
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Chen, Xiao-Rui Chen, MD, Di-Yu Cui, Yun-Qing Chen, MD, PhD Chen y Tie-Sheng Niu. "Crush is superior to Culotte in two-stent strategy for treatment of left main coronary artery bifurcations: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical and Investigative Medicine 43, n.º 2 (28 de junio de 2020): E35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v43i2.34048.
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Purpose: Crush and Culotte techniques have been used increasingly to treat
patients with complex unprotected left main coronary artery bifurcation lesions.
This article compares published data on these two techniques.
Methods: Databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were searched for articles published before Aug 21, 2019 to identify all relevant studies on left main coronary artery bifurcation lesions treated by Crush versus Culotte techniques. The pooled data were analyzed using either fixed- or random-effects model depending on heterogeneity (assessed via the I2 index). The endpoints were major adverse cardiac events, target lesion revascularization, cardiac death, stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization.
Results: Eight articles with a total of 1,283 patients were included, and 710 patients were treated with Crush, and 573 ones with Culotte. Crush group was trend to decreased major adverse cardiac event compared with Culotte group [Relative ratio (RR) 0.63,95% confidence interval(CI) 0.39-1.04, I2 =72.7%], mainly driven by decreased cardiac death [RR 0.49, 95% CI(0.25-0.99), I2 =0%], decreased myocardial infarction [RR 0.40, 95% CI(0.21-0.76), I2 =21.6%],and lower stent thrombosis [RR 0.39, 95% CI(0.16-0.98), I2 =39.4%]. There was no significant difference in target lesion revascularization and target vessel revascularization between Crush and Culotte [RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.46-1.28, I2=61.1%; RR 0.78, 95% CI (0.30-2.02), I2 =73.1%, respectively].
Conclusion: Crush was superior to Culotte for treatment of left main coronary artery bifurcation lesions with a trend of lower incidence of long-term major adverse cardiac events, mainly derived from decreased myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and cardiac death.
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Emel, Erhan, Selma Sönmez Ergün, Dilcan Kotan, Esra Başar Gürsoy, Yeşim Parman, Asli Zengin y Asiye Nurten. "Effects of insulin-like growth factor–I and platelet-rich plasma on sciatic nerve crush injury in a rat model". Journal of Neurosurgery 114, n.º 2 (febrero de 2011): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.9.jns091928.
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Object Local administration of insulin-like growth factor–I (IGF-I) has been shown to increase the rate of axon regeneration in crush-injured and freeze-injured rat sciatic nerves. Local administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been also shown to have a measurable effect on facial nerve regeneration after transection in a rat model. The objective of the study was to compare the effects of locally administered IGF-I and PRP on the parameters of the Sciatic Function Index (SFI), sensory function (SF), axon count, and myelin thickness/axon diameter ratio (G-ratio) in a rat model of crush-injured sciatic nerves. Methods The right sciatic nerve of Wistar albino rats (24 animals) was crushed using a Yasargil-Phynox aneurysm clip for 45 minutes. All animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (control group) was treated with saline, Group 2 was treated with IGF-I, and Group 3 was treated with PRP. Injections were performed using the tissue expander's injection port with a connecting tube directed at the crush-injured site. Functional recovery was assessed with improvement in the SFI. Recovery of sensory function was using the pinch test. Histopathological examination was performed 3 months after the injury. Results The SFI showed an improved functional recovery in the IGF-I–treated animals (Group 2) compared with the saline-treated animals (Group 1) 30 days after the injury. In IGF-I–treated rats, sensory function returned to the baseline level significantly faster than in saline-treated and PRP-treated rats as shown in values between SF-2 and SF-7. The G-ratios were found to be significantly higher in both experimental groups than in the control group. Conclusions This study suggests that the application of IGF-I to the crush-injured site may expedite the functional recovery of paralyzed muscle by increasing the rate of axon regeneration.
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Uysal, Mehmet Ali, Deniz Gulabi, Güven Mete, Selçuk Tunalı, Arzu Avcı y Osman Arslan Bora. "Arteriography and Histopathology of Vascular Beds in Traumatically Amputated Fingers". Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 23, n.º 02 (7 de mayo de 2018): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835518500261.
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Background: The success of replantation following traumatic amputation is determined by the quality of the vascular anastomoses. The purpose of this study was to assess the vascularity of injured arteries from traumatically amputated digits using arteriographic and histopathological analysis. Methods: 25 amputated digits were included in the study. Crush and avulsion injuries were evaluated according to the Venkatramani classification. The amputated arteries were dissected under a microscope, and the arterial route determined with a transducer. Arteriography using fluoroscopy was evaluated by a radiologist. The area thought to be damaged was dissected and 2-mm slices taken for histopathological examination, and scored using the parameters of fibrin accumulation, oedema, separation, and bleeding. Results: Arterial flow was observed in 6 of 7 in the avulsion group. In the crush group, arterial flow was observed in 11 of 16 cases. On histopathological examination in all cases there were 2 or more findings of either oedema, fibrin formation, bleeding or hernia. These findings were more common in the crush group then the avulsion group. Conclusions: The intravascular introduction of radio contrast agents to amputated digit prior to replantation may give further information particularly in avulsion amputations.
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Kim, Bo Ra, Dong-Ho Ha, Jong Kuk Kim y Young Hee Kim. "Comparison of MR findings of acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury and acute compressive neuropathy in a rat model". PLOS ONE 15, n.º 11 (19 de noviembre de 2020): e0240911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240911.
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Purpose The treatment strategy is different for acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury and acute compressive neuropathy. This study aimed to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury and acute compressive neuropathy in a rat model. Materials and methods Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. In the crush injury group (n = 10), the unilateral sciatic nerve was crushed using forceps to represent acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury. In the compression injury group (n = 10), the unilateral sciatic nerve was ligated using silk to represent acute compressive neuropathy. The MRI of eight rats from each group were acquired on postoperative days 3 and 10. Fat-suppressed T2-weighted images were acquired. Changes in the injured nerve were divided into three grades. A Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the changes in the nerves of the two groups. Histological staining and a western blot analysis were performed on one rat in each group on day 3. Neurofilament, myelin basic protein (MBP), and p75NTR staining were performed. Expression of neurofilament, MBP, p75NTR, and c-jun was evaluated by western blot analysis. Results MR neurography revealed substantial nerve changes in the compression injury group compared with the crush injury group at two-time points (p = 0.001 on day 3, p = 0.026 on day 10). The histopathological analysis indicated the destruction of the axon and myelin, mainly at the injury site and the distal portion of the injury in the crush injury group. It was prominent in the proximal portion, the injury site, and the distal portion of the injury in the compression injury group. The degree of axonal and myelin destruction was more pronounced in the compression injury group than in the crush injury group. Conclusion MR neurography showed prominent and long-segmental changes associated with the injured nerve in acute compressive neuropathy compared with acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury.
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Fitri, Aisyah Bariyana Nur y Ade Kusuma. "GIRL CRUSH DALAM BUDAYA POP KOREA". MEDIALOG: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 4, n.º 2 (31 de octubre de 2021): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/medialog.v4i2.1455.
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Saat ini, K-pop telah menjadi budaya populer di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Guna mempertahankan dominasinya, para pelaku industri hiburan Korea Selatan terus melakukan inovasi salah satunya dengan mengangkat konsep girl crush pada girl group atau di Korea disebut sebagai ssen unnie. Salah satu girl group yang sukses untuk membawakan konsep girl crush adalah Itzy. Indonesia memiliki basis penggemar Kpop yang cukup besar hingga membawa Indonesia sebagai negara kedua dengan streaming Youtube tertinggi pada video-video K-pop. Melihat antusiasme penggemar Indonesia pada video k-pop, peneliti tertarik untuk mengkaji konstruksi girl crush pada budaya K-pop. Peneliti memilih video musik Dalla Dalla dan Wannabe dari Itzy sebagai objek penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode signifikasi dua tahap semiotika Roland Barthes yang mencakup tataran konotasi dan denotasi serta akan membedah teks dalam lima sistem kode Barthes. Peneliti menemukan bahwa girl crush merupakan cara lain untuk menyebutkan girl power pada industri hiburan Korea. Konstruksi girl crush yang dibangun pada video musik Dalla Dalla dan Wannabe dari Itzy termasuk dalam klasifikasi girl power as individual power (girl power sebagai kekuatan individu). Peneliti juga mengidentifikasi ideologi postfeminisme di sepanjang video musik Dalla Dalla dan Wannabe. Elemen postfeminisme yang peneliti temukan antara lain penggunaan tubuh perempuan sebagai properti feminitas, kultur seksualisasi, pergeseran peran perempuan dari objek seks menjadi subjek seks yang diinginkan laki-laki, penekanan pada individualitas, pilihan dan pemberdayaan perempuan serta paradigma perubahan yang coba untuk dibangun. Selain itu, peneliti memaknai bahwa Itzy sebagai salah satu girl grup berupaya membangun standar kecantikan baru bagi idol grup perempuan Korea Selatan.
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Zuijdendorp, H. Mischa, Xander Smit, Joleen H. Blok, Jean Pierre Caruelle, Denis Barritault, Steven E. R. Hovius y Johan W. van Neck. "Significant reduction in neural adhesions after administration of the regenerating agent OTR4120, a synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic, after peripheral nerve injury in rats". Journal of Neurosurgery 109, n.º 5 (noviembre de 2008): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/11/0967.
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Object Extradural and intraneural scar formation after peripheral nerve injury frequently causes tethering and compression of the nerve as well as inhibition of axonal regeneration. Regenerating agents (RGTAs) mimic stabilizing and protective properties of sulphated glycosaminoglycan toward heparin-binding growth factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an RGTA known as OTR4120 on extraneural fibrosis and axonal regeneration after crush injury in a rat sciatic nerve model. Methods Thirty-two female Wistar rats underwent a standardized crush injury of the sciatic nerve. The animals were randomly allocated to RGTA treatment or sham treatment in a blinded design. To score neural adhesions, the force required to break the adhesions between the nerve and its surrounding tissue was measured 6 weeks after nerve crush injury. To assess axonal regeneration, magnetoneurographic measurements were performed after 5 weeks. Static footprint analysis was performed preoperatively and at Days 1, 7, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, and 42 postoperatively. Results The magnetoneurographic data show no significant difference in conduction capacity between the RGTA and the control group. In addition, results of the static footprint analysis demonstrate no improved or accelerated recovery pattern. However, the mean pullout force of the RGTA group (67 ± 9 g [mean ± standard error of the mean]) was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that of the control group (207 ± 14 g [mean ± standard error of the mean]). Conclusions The RGTAs strongly reduce nerve adherence to surrounding tissue after nerve crush injury.
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Ki, You-Jeong, Ji Hyun Jung, Jung-Kyu Han, Sukkeun Hong, Jang Hyun Cho, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Sung Yun Lee et al. "Clinical Implications of Bifurcation Angles in Left Main Bifurcation Intervention Using a Two-Stent Technique". Journal of Interventional Cardiology 2020 (13 de julio de 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2475930.
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Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical impact of 3 bifurcation angles in left main (LM) bifurcation treated with the 2-stent technique. Background. Data are limited regarding the impact of bifurcation angles after LM percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods. Using patient-level 4 multicenter registries in Korea, 462 patients undergoing LM bifurcation PCI with the 2-stent technique were identified (181 crush, 167 T-stenting; 63% 1st generation drug-eluting stent (DES), 37% 2nd generation DES). Three bifurcation angles, between the LM and left anterior descending (LAD), the LM and left circumflex (LCX), and the LAD and LCX, were measured. The primary outcome was target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Results. In patients treated with the crush technique, the best cutoff value (BCV) to predict TLF was 152° of the LM-LAD angle. In the crush group, a significantly higher TLF rate, mostly driven by TLR, was observed in the LM-LAD angle ≥152° group compared with the <152° group (35.7% vs. 14.6%; adjusted hazard ratio 3.476; 95% confidence interval 1.612–7.492). An LM-LAD angle ≥152° was an independent predictor of TLF. In the T-stenting, no bifurcation angle affected the clinical outcomes. Conclusions. In LM bifurcation PCI using the 2-stent technique, wide LM-LAD angle (≥152°) was associated with a greater risk of TLF in the crush, whereas none of the bifurcation angles affected T-stenting outcomes.
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FULLARTON, A. C. y M. A. GLASBY. "An Evaluation of Different Methods of Peripheral Nerve Repair In Normal and Diabetic Rats". Journal of Hand Surgery 22, n.º 4 (agosto de 1997): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(97)80274-4.
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Successful nerve regeneration depends on the type of injury, the method of repair and the metabolic status of the animal. A state similar to poorly controlled Type I diabetes mellitus in man was induced and maintained in rats using streptozotocin. This provided a model for the study of nerve regeneration in diabetes over a period of 150 days. Two methods of nerve injury (crush and transection) and three methods of repair (epineurial suture, nerve autograft and freeze-thawed skeletal muscle autograft) were compared using electrophysiological and histological methods. The diabetic state did not affect the degree of recovery of nerve conduction velocity after nerve injury. By 150 days, recovery to control values of axon and nerve fibre diameters was not attained. Recovery of axon and fibre diameter was significantly poorer in the diabetic nerve crush group compared with the non-diabetic nerve crush group. It is concluded that this was because of poorer regeneration in diabetic nerve.
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Tuma Jr., Paulo, Mariza D'Agostino Dias, Gino Arrunátegui, Gustavo Gibin Duarte, Alexandre Wada, Armando Santos Cunha y Marcus Castro Ferreira. "Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on the regeneration of experimental crush injuries of nerves". Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 54, n.º 3 (junio de 1999): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87811999000300003.
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Hyperbaric oxygen has been successfully used on treatment of acute ischemic injuries involving soft tissues and chronic injuries. In nerve crush injuries, the mechanisms involved are very similar to those found in ischemic injuries. Consequently, it is logical to hypothesize that hyperbaric oxygen should improve nerve repair, which is a critical step on functional recovery. In the present study, we created standard nerve crush injuries on sciatic nerves of rats, which underwent treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Results were assessed by functional evaluation using walking-track analysis. The functional recovery indexes observed did not differ from control group. We concluded that hyperbaric oxygen therapy, in the schedule used, had no influence on functional recovery after nerve crush injuries.
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Zhang, Bo, She Liang Wang, Yuan Fang Du y Long Ping Jing. "Recycled Aggregate Performance Experiment Study on Basis of Saturated Surface Dried Crush Value Index". Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (octubre de 2011): 1641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1641.
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Crush value index is a key parameter for measurement of coarse aggregate strength performance. In this paper the eight group of crush value index are tested for the recycled aggregate used of waste concrete which is gathered from three different remove construction plants. The experiment analysis result is shown that the crush value of recycled aggregate is greater 2.5 times than natural aggregate. Meanwhile, compared with air dried condition, the crush value index of saturated face dried condition is from 7.22% to18.2%. Furthermore the recycled aggregate can be suitable to make concrete requirement which compression strength grade is C35 and lower than C35 in China. In the experiment, comparative analysis is found that the RA-10 aggregate compressive strength is slightly from 2.06% to 8.7%. Those which are higher limit value of standard for test method of mechanical properties on ordinary concrete and the divergence are less than 10%. Consequently the recycled aggregate can be used for concrete, and its compressive strength is also fundamentally satisfied for requirement of concrete compressive strength.
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Besin, Valentinus, Abdul Hafid Bajamal, Mohammad Hasan Machfoed, Jusak Nugraha, Budi Utomo y Paulus Budiono Notopuro. "The Effect of Thymoquinone Administration on Local Immunoglobulin-G Levels of Rattus norvegicus Strain Wistar Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury Model". Indonesian Biomedical Journal 14, n.º 1 (17 de marzo de 2022): 91–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v14i1.1772.
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BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) is a product of the initial response to secondary immune response, which accumulates in distal segment of the nerve after crush injury. Thymoquinone modulates the adaptive immune response. Effect of thymoquinone administration on local IgG levels of Rattus norvegicus Wistar rats sciatic nerve crush injury model has not been elucidated.METHODS: This was an experimental study, with 63 Rattus norvegicus Wistar rats that divided into 9 groups. Three groups were given placebo, 3 groups were given 100 mg/kg/day thymoquinone, and 3 groups were given 250 mg/kg/day thymoquinone. The rats were terminated based on the assigned group at 5x24, 6x24, and 7x24 hours and then the IgG levels were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: There was a significant difference in IgG levels after administration of 100 and 250 mg/kg/day thymoquinone at 5x24 hours and 7x24 hours post-injury compared to the rats that were given no treatment. A significant difference of IgG levels was also found after administration of 100 mg/kg/day thymoquinone group at 6x24 hours post-injury. Critical point of decreasing local IgG of all groups happened at 6x24 hours after injury, however, there was no significant difference in the median levels of thymoquinone at doses of 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg.CONCLUSION: Local IgG levels in distal segment of the sciatic nerve crush injury is lower in rats that were given 100 mg/kg thymoquinone treatment compared to the rats that receive no thymoquinone treatment since 5x24 hours after injury. Thymoquione administration should be given immediately after the crush injury until before 6x24 hours post-injury to decrease antibodies in degeneration process.KEYWORDS: thymoquinone, immunoglobulin-G, crush injury, sciatic nerve
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Burgette, Ryan C., Brent J. Benscoter, Gina N. Monaco, Matthew L. Kircher, Avinash V. Mantravadi, Sam J. Marzo, Kathy J. Jones y Eileen M. Foecking. "A Rat Model for Intracranial Facial Nerve Crush Injuries". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 146, n.º 2 (2 de noviembre de 2011): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811427531.
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Objective. (1) Explain the need for an animal model to study intracranial injuries to the facial nerve. (2) Describe various techniques attempted to identify and crush the intracranial segment of the facial nerve in a rat model. (3) Describe in detail a successful rat model of intracranial facial nerve crush injury. Study Design. Randomized controlled animal study. Setting. Animal laboratory. Subjects and Methods. Multiple attempts at surgical approaches to the cerebellopontine angle were attempted on cadaveric rats. Once a successful approach was derived, this was used on 19 live rats under anesthesia. Fourteen rats had a 1-minute facial nerve crush performed, and 5 had a sham surgery with complete surgical exposure of the facial nerve but no crush. Rats were followed for a 12-week duration evaluating immediate postoperative facial nerve function, complications, and survival. Results. All 14 (100%) rats that underwent surgery with crush injury had complete facial paralysis postoperatively. Complete facial paralysis was defined as loss of eye-blink reflex, flat vibrissae, and lack of vibrissae movement. The 5 sham surgery rats had complete facial function postoperatively. Surgery was performed by 2 separate surgeons with no difference in outcome between the 2. Complications occurred in only 1 animal (1/19, 5.3%), which was a corneal abrasion requiring sacrifice. Conclusion. Our group describes a consistent method for performing an intracranial crush injury in the rat. This new model and its applications in translational facial nerve research are promising, particularly with tumors or lesions at the cerebellopontine angle.
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Zhou, Haihong y Tongyao Yu. "Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Training Program in Orthopedic Nursing of Patients with Residual Limb Injury Caused by Crush". Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (25 de enero de 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6769572.
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This study was developed to explore the role and application value of a comprehensive rehabilitation training (CRT) program based on the remote monitoring system of limb rehabilitation training (LRT-RM system) in the rehabilitation nursing of patients with residual limb injuries caused by crush. The LRT-RM system was constructed based on the characteristics of limb movement and using the time-domain analysis method and support vector machine (SVM). The 84 crush injury patients were selected as the research objects and divided into a control group (Con group, received conventional rehabilitation therapy) and a CRT group (received conventional rehabilitation therapy + functional training) according to different therapies, with 42 people in each group. The incidence of compound injuries and the incidence of residual limb injuries were counted and compared for patients in two groups. The differences in renal function, blood electrolytes, and biochemical indicators before and after treatment were analyzed. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) scale was selected to evaluate the improvement of physical and mental health of the patients before treatment and 1 month (time point (TP1)), 3 months (TP2), 6 months (TP3), and 12 months (TP4) after the treatment. It was found that, after the intervention, the values of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), K+, P3+, and white blood cells (WBC) of patients in CRT group were obviously lower than those of Con group ( P < 0.05), and the values of carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP), Ca2+, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) were obviously higher than the values in Con group ( P < 0.05). In the CRT group, the residual limb injury rate was lower in elbow, wrist, shoulder joint, ankle joint, and toe ( P < 0.05) and extremely lower in knee joint in contrast to that in the Con group ( P < 0.001). The score of SF-36 was dramatically higher than that in the Con group ( P < 0.05). It suggested that the CRT program based on the LRT-RM system was helpful for the rehabilitation of patients with crush injuries, and it can reduce the incidence of residual limb injuries in patients. Results of this study could provide a reference basis for the treatment of residual limb injuries caused by crush.
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Wang, Binbin, Shiwei Wang, Song Liu, Shaodong Zhang, Dezhi Li, Junhua Li, Xiongweiye Huang, Michael Schumacher y Hong Wan. "Hypoglossal-facial ‘side’-to-side neurorrhaphy combined with electrical myostimulation for facial palsy in rats". Translational Neuroscience 9, n.º 1 (4 de diciembre de 2018): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2018-0025.
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Abstract Introduction This study investigated the effect of combining hypoglossal-facial nerve “side”-to-side neurorrhaphy and electrical myostimulation in a rat model of facial palsy. Methods Rats with facial nerve crush injury were subjected to control condition, monotherapy of either neurorrhaphy or electrical myostimulation, or bitherapy of the two treatments. After 1, 3, and 6 months, rats were performed the facial symmetry evaluation, electrophysiological examination and the retrograde labeling of motor neurons. Results As early as 3 months after injury, face symmetry significantly improved in rats of the bitherapy group. At 3 or 6 months after injury, either the parameters of electrophysiological examination or the number of labeled motor neurons were significantly increased in the bitherapy group than in any other group. Discussion The combination of neurorrhaphy and electrical myostimulation effectively promoted the functional recovery after facial nerve crush injury.
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Sanadgol, H., I. Najafi, M. Rajabi Vahid, M. Hosseini y A. Ghafari. "Fluid Therapy in Pediatric Victims of the 2003 Bam, Iran Earthquake". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 24, n.º 5 (octubre de 2009): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00007305.
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AbstractIntroduction:On 26 December 2003, at 05:26 hours, an earthquake of magnitude 6.6 (Richter scale) caused a disaster in the Bam region of Southeastern Iran, which had a population of approximately 102,000. In this study, the clinical and laboratory features and therapeutic interventions in pediatric (three months to 14 years) crush victims were analyzed. Determination of the type and amount of fluid therapy for prevention of acute renal failure (ARF) was the main aim of this study.Methods:The clinical and laboratory data and therapeutic interventions provided to 31 pediatric crush victims were collected. Early and vigorous fluid resuscitation was immediately performed. Resuscitation of the children from hypovolemic shock was initiated by interavenous (IV) administration of normal saline until the signs and symptoms of shock disappeared. For victims with crush injuries, an alkaline intravenous solution, up to 3 to 5 times more than maintenance doses was provided. In this study, there were two groups with decreasing severity of injury: (1) crush injury (CI), with or without ARF; and (2) non-crush injury (Non-CI). According to the above mentioned classification, there were 15 and 16 patients in group I and II, respectively.Results:The mean time spent under the rubble was 2.2 ±2.5 hours and 0.5 ±0.5 hours in Groups I and II, respectively. Seventy-five percent of ARF patients (n = 8), were admitted to the hospital the day of the earthquake (Day 0) and the day after earthquake (Day 1). In non-ARF patients (n = 7), 85.7% of the victims were admitted on Day 0 and Day 1. In Group II (ARF and non-ARF), all patients were admitted within three days after the earthquake. Although ARF did not develop in any of the children without CI, it was observed in eight of 15 patients with CI. There was no significant difference between CI with ARF (n = 8) and CI without ARF (n = 7) patients, in terms of the admission date, time of admission, hospitalization duration, and time under the rubble (TUR). Admission SGOTs were significantly different between these two groups. The ratio of the amount of delivered IV fluid (DL) to expected (EX) was based on weight of children was the only fluid therapy parameter in which there was a statistically significant difference between ARF and non-ARF groups. It was 3.6 ±0.99 in ARF and 4.8 ±0.74 in Nnon-ARF group (p = 0.01).Conclusions:Early intravenous volume replacement may prevent both ARF and dialysis need that may develop on the basis of rhabdomyolysis. In adults, six liters or 12–14 liters of fluids for prophylaxis of ARF in crush syndrome, were suggest-ed. In children, it seems that DL/EX ratio (delivered to expected ratio) is the best marker for evolution of IV fluid therapy in pediatric patients. In children with crush injuries, DL/EX ratio of >4.8 was sufficient for the prevention of ARF.
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Karki, Pratikchya, Samir Neupane, Ashesh Dhungana y Sumida Tiwari. "Correlation of Imprint and Crush cytology with Bronchoscopic biopsy in the diagnosis of Bronchogenic carcinoma". Nepalese Journal of Cancer 5, n.º 1 (26 de septiembre de 2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njc.v5i1.41368.
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Introduction: Lung carcinoma is the most common cancer with 2.1 million (11.6%) newly diagnosed cases in 2018. Over the years, many cytotechniques have been developed but their combination with histology is still an area of controversy. Imprint and crush cytology are considered simple, rapid and cost effective for a low resource setting in the early diagnosis and management of lung cancer. Here, we aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of imprint and crush cytology and compare them with histopathology. Method: A prospective study was conducted from May 2017 to April 2018 at the Pulmonary medicine unit and Department of Pathology at National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Bir Hospital. A total of 53 patients were enrolled in the study who showed visible mass on bronchoscopy. Three to five bits of tissue were obtained, imprint and crush smear were prepared from them and the tissue were then sent for histopathological examination. The level of significance selected was p < 0.005. Results: The most common age group affected was 60-69 years. 91% cases were smokers, with a male predominance. The most common location of endobronchial growth was left upper lobe. 43 cases were malignant in biopsy. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive predictive value of imprint cytology was 71.05%, 87.50%, 73.91% and 96.43% respectively while that for crush cytology was 74.36%, 75%, 74.47% and 93.55% respectively. The diagnostic yield of imprint, crush smear and forceps biopsy were 52.8%, 58.4% and 81.1% respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common carcinoma in this study. Conclusion: Imprint and crush cytology yield additional information that can be complementary to endobronchial biopsy. They are convenient, do not burden the patients and thus can be carried out wherever possible during bronchoscopy.
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Barbay, Scott, Eric K. Peden, Gerald Falchook y Randolph J. Nudo. "An Index of Topographic Normality in Rat Somatosensory Cortex: Application to a Sciatic Nerve Crush Model". Journal of Neurophysiology 88, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2002): 1339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00019.2002.
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Previous studies have demonstrated that peripheral denervation of the skin is reflected in the CNS as a reorganization of somatotopic representations. In cases in which peripheral nerve regeneration occurs there is a gradual reactivation of cortex by novel receptive fields that is reversed as regenerated nerves reestablish connections with the original skin surface. Functional recovery appears to depend on the pattern in which somatotopic organization in the cortex is reestablished. The relationship between functional recovery and cortical topography is not precise, however, since the descriptions of postinjury representations in the cortex have been largely descriptive and not quantitative. The purpose of this study was to derive an index to quantify deviations from normal somatotopic organization in the somatosensory cortex. Multiunit recordings of cutaneous representations in the somatosensory cortex (S1) of the rat were defined using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments to stimulate the skin over the distal hindlimb of the rat 2 and 4 months after a sciatic nerve crush. To derive a sensitive index of topography, the sciatic nerve crush was selected as the injury model since nerve regeneration following crush injuries has been reported to reinstate preinjury cortical topography. Group comparisons were made with an intact control group. The results show that there were subtle, but significant differences in topography between rats with a regenerated sciatic nerve and normal rats. In addition, average thresholds for evoking cortical responses were higher than normal (but within normal range) 2 and 4 months after the crush. These results demonstrate that the index of topography derived for this study can reveal deviations that may not be distinguishable from normal topography when based on qualitative descriptions.
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Sun, Xiaoge, Yitong Su, YangYi Hao, Gaokun Liu, Yue Gong, Yajing Wang, Zhijun Cao, Wei Wang y Shengli Li. "317 Effect of the Whole Cottonseed with Pre-treatment on the Digestibility, Productivity, and Milk Fat Profile of Dairy Cattle". Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (8 de octubre de 2021): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.317.
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Abstract To improve the efficiency of whole cottonseed (WCS) on dairy cattle, crush and alkali treatment were combined (Table 1) in this study. The gastrointestinal tract digestibility of WCS were measured by in situ ruminal incubation and in vitro fermentation, respectively. Finally, animal feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of processed WCS on dairy cattle. A total of 30 Holstein dairy cows with similar physiological status were allocated to three groups (CON, Group I, and Group II). Ration for the CON group was a basic ration with no WCS, ration with about 8% non-processed WCS was for Group I (DM basis), while the Group II was provided by the ration added with 8% Crush-Alkali (4% mixed alkali solids with NaOH/CaO ratio at 1:1) treated WCS. Results of the in situ and in vitro experiments showed that, compared with non-treated WCS, Crushing-Alkali treatment groups significantly improved WCS ruminal effective degradation rate of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Crush-Alkali (4% mixed alkali solids with NaOH/CaO ratio at 1:1) was the most beneficial to improve WCS gastrointestinal degradation of DM, CP and NDF, as well as enhance WCS rumen-bypass of EE. With the lowest free gossypol content (P< 0.05). Results of animal feeding experiment showed that DMI, 4% fat corrected milk production (4% FCM), milk protein, milk fat, and content of short-chain saturated fatty acids in milk in Group II significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with CON group. DMI, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in milk, and the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA were significantly higher in Group II than that in Group I (P < 0.05). Additionally, free gossypol concentration in serum and milk, as well as parameters reflecting liver function were not notably different among the three groups (P > 0.05).
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Wu, Rong Xue, Wen Chang Li, Wei Liu y Lei Zeng. "Researching on Geological Characteristics and Economic Significance of Jinla Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit in Cangyuan County, Yunnan". Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (agosto de 2013): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.152.
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Jinla Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in Cangyuan county of Yunnan province is occured in the Yungou Formation of Ximeng Group. The occurrence and morphology of the orebody are controlled by the regional tectonic crush belts. The type of the deposit is altered tectonic crush belts, and the mainly metallic minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite, siderite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and argentite. The raw ore contain Pb 3.36%, Zn 4.13%. By reviewing the exploitation economic value of the deposit, the deposit meets the requirements of current industry in the technology and economy. The mine is a large-scale mine, which provides a huge reserve of resources for the sustainable development of national economy.
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Zeng, Linghuan, Ying Cen, Junjie Chen, Lei Lei, Lei Zhang, Xiaohui Qin, Xinchang Gao, Ya Wang y Chuanxiu Zeng. "Effects of electroacupuncture on functional indices and pS6 expression following acute sciatic nerve crush injury in rats". Acupuncture in Medicine 38, n.º 3 (30 de enero de 2020): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2016-011263.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on recovery from acute sciatic nerve crush injury and the expression of pS6 in rats. Methods: A total of 108 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model, EA and EA+rapamycin (EA+Rapa) groups. 28 rats were allocated to undergo measurement of sciatic functional index (SFI); one rat in the EA+Rapa group was unsuccessfully modelled and excluded because of an anaesthetic problem. The remaining 80 rats were allocated to undergo Western blot detection of S6 ribosomal protein (pS6, ser240/244). The model was created by mechanical clamping of the sciatic nerve stem. EA stimulation at GB30 and ST36 for 15 min separately was applied once daily for rats in the EA and EA+Rapa groups. For rats in the EA+Rapa group, rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) pathway inhibitor, was injected intramuscularly (1 mg/kg/day) near the site of crush injury in the sciatic nerve and an equivalent amount of dimethyl sulfoxide was injected in the other three groups every other day. After treatment for 7, 14, 28 and 42 days post-operation, the SFI of 27 rats was obtained to evaluate recovery of motor function and five rats from each group per stage were used for Western blot detection of pS6. Results: The SFI values showed that EA could significantly promote recovery of the injured sciatic nerve but rapamycin hindered the therapeutic effect of EA. Moreover, immunoblotting indicated that EA improved the expression of pS6 in the area of the sciatic nerve crush injury and local injection of rapamycin near the injured sciatic nerve decreased its expression. The pS6 level correlated with the extent of recovery of the injury. Conclusions: This study indicated that EA may activate the mTOR signalling pathway to enhance expression of pS6 and facilitate recovery following sciatic nerve crush injury.
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Moradzadeh, Arash, Michael Joel Brenner, Elizabeth Whitlock, Janina Paula Delpilar Luciano, Terence Michael Myckatyn, Hunter Daniel, Alice Tong y Susan E. Mackinnon. "R416 – Bipolar Cautery: Sunderland Third Degree Nerve Injury Model". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, n.º 2_suppl (agosto de 2008): P182—P183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.570.
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Problem The prognosis of bipolar electrocautery nerve injury is unpredictable because few experiments compare it to characterized nerve injury models. Methods 16 Lewis rats were randomized to sciatic crush or bipolar cautery and at 21 days evaluated with nerve morphometry and walking tack analysis. Double transgenic Thy1-CFP/S100-GFP mice were used to serially image axonal regeneration and Schwann cells (SC) over time following injury. Results In rats, bipolar cautery injury shows greater disruption of myelin and neurofilament architecture at the injury site. There is decreased total nerve fiber counts distal to the injury (p<0.05). Walking track analysis demonstrates functional recovery after crush, but not after cautery injury. Serial imaging of mice, shows axonal regeneration starting at week 1 after crush, but late, partial axonal regeneration in the cautery group; these findings were reflected in endplate reinnervation at 42 days. Conclusion Results suggest that a Sunderland type 3 injury, characterized by slow, variable, incomplete recovery, results from a bipolar electrocautery injury. Significance Bipolar cautery injuries can be observed without immediate surgical intervention.
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Celen, Murat Cenk, Ahmet Akkoca, Seckin Tuncer, Nizamettin Dalkilic y Barkin Ilhan. "Protective vs. Therapeutic Effects of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant MitoTEMPO on Rat Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury: A Comprehensive Electrophysiological Analysis". Biomedicines 11, n.º 12 (14 de diciembre de 2023): 3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123306.
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Protective vs. Therapeutic Effects of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant MitoTEMPO on Rat Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury: A Comprehensive Electrophysiological Analysis. Peripheral nerve injuries often result in long-lasting functional deficits, prompting the need for effective interventions. MitoTEMPO (2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl) triphenylphosphonium chloride) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that has shown protective and therapeutic effects against pathologies associated with reactive oxygen species. This study explores the utilization of MitoTEMPO as a therapeutic and protective agent for sciatic nerve crush injuries. By employing advanced mathematical approaches, the study seeks to comprehensively analyze nerve conduction parameters, nerve excitability, and the distribution of nerve conduction velocities to gauge the potential. Forty Wistar-Albino rats were randomly divided into following groups: (I) SHAM—animals subjected to sham operation and treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with vehicle (bidistilled water) for 14 days; (II) CI (crush injury)—animals subjected to CI and treated with vehicle 14 days; (III) MiP—animals subjected to 7 days i.p. MitoTEMPO treatment before CI (0.7 mg/kg/day dissolved in vehicle) and, only vehicle for 7 days after CI, protective MitoTEMPO; and (IV) MiT—animals i.p. treated with only vehicle for 7 days before CI and 7 days with MitoTEMPO (0.7 mg/kg/day dissolved in vehicle) after CI, therapeutic MitoTEMPO. Nerve excitability parameters were measured, including rheobase and chronaxie, along with compound action potential (CAP) recordings. Advanced mathematical analyses were applied to CAP recordings to determine nerve conduction velocities and distribution patterns. The study revealed significant differences in nerve excitability parameters between groups. Nerve conduction velocity was notably reduced in the MiP and CI groups, whereas CAP area values were diminished in the MiP and CI groups compared to the MiT group. Furthermore, CAP velocity was lower in the MiP and CI groups, and maximum depolarization values were markedly lower in the MiP and CI groups compared to the SHAM group. The distribution of nerve conduction velocities indicated alterations in the composition of nerve fiber groups following crush injuries. In conclusion, postoperative MitoTEMPO administration demonstrated promising results in mitigating the detrimental effects of nerve crush injuries.
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Sheu, Meei-Ling, Fu-Chou Cheng, Hong-Lin Su, Ying-Ju Chen, Chun-Jung Chen, Chih-Ming Chiang, Wen-Ta Chiu, Jason Sheehan y Hung-Chuan Pan. "Recruitment by SDF-1α of CD34-positive cells involved in sciatic nerve regeneration". Journal of Neurosurgery 116, n.º 2 (febrero de 2012): 432–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.3.jns101582.
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Object Increased integration of CD34+ cells in injured nerve significantly promotes nerve regeneration, but this effect can be counteracted by limited migration and short survival of CD34+ cells. SDF-1α and its receptor mediate the recruitment of CD34+ cells involved in the repair mechanism of several neurological diseases. In this study, the authors investigate the potentiation of CD34+ cell recruitment triggered by SDF-1α and the involvement of CD34+ cells in peripheral nerve regeneration. Methods Peripheral nerve injury was induced in 147 Sprague-Dawley rats by crushing the left sciatic nerve with a vessel clamp. The animals were allocated to 3 groups: Group 1, crush injury (controls); Group 2, crush injury and local application of SDF-1α recombinant proteins; and Group 3, crush injury and local application of SDF-1α antibody. Electrophysiological studies and assessment of regeneration markers were conducted at 4 weeks after injury; neurobehavioral studies were conducted at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after injury. The expression of SDF-1α, accumulation of CD34+ cells, immune cells, and angiogenesis factors in injured nerves were evaluated at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury. Results Application of SDF-1α increased the migration of CD34+ cells in vitro, and this effect was dose dependent. Crush injury induced the expression of SDF-1α, with a peak of 10–14 days postinjury, and this increased expression of SDF-1α paralleled the deposition of CD34+ cells, expression of VEGF, and expression of neurofilament. These effects were further enhanced by the administration of SDF-1α recombinant protein and abolished by administration of SDF-1α antibody. Furthermore, these effects were consistent with improvement in measures of neurological function such as sciatic function index, electrophysiological parameters, muscle weight, and myelination of regenerative nerve. Conclusions Expression of SDF-1α facilitates recruitment of CD34+ cells in peripheral nerve injury. The increased deposition of CD34+ cells paralleled significant expression of angiogenesis factors and was consistent with improvement of neurological function. Utilization of SDF-1α for enhancing the recruitment of CD34+ cells involved in peripheral nerve regeneration may be considered as an alternative treatment strategy in peripheral nerve disorders.
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Kemp, Stephen W. P., Cameron D. Chiang, Edward H. Liu, Matthew D. Wood, Michael P. Willand, Tessa Gordon y Gregory H. Borschel. "Characterization of Neuronal Death and Functional Deficits following Nerve Injury during the Early Postnatal Developmental Period in Rats". Developmental Neuroscience 37, n.º 1 (2015): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000368769.
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In contrast to adult rat nerve injury models, neonatal sciatic nerve crush leads to massive motor and sensory neuron death. Death of these neurons results from both the loss of functional contact between the nerve terminals and their targets, and the inability of immature Schwann cells in the distal stump of the injured nerve to sustain regeneration. However, current dogma holds that little to no motoneuron death occurs in response to nerve crush at postnatal day 5 (P5). The purpose of the current study was to fully characterize the extent of motor and sensory neuronal death and functional recovery following sciatic nerve crush at mid-thigh level in rats at postnatal days 3-30 (P3-P30), and then compare this to adult injured animals. Following nerve crush at P3, motoneuron numbers were reduced to 35% of that of naïve uninjured animals. Animals in the P5 and P7 group also displayed statistically fewer motoneurons than naïve animals. Animals that were injured at P30 or earlier displayed statistically lower sensory neuron counts in the dorsal root ganglion than naïve controls. Surprisingly, complete behavioral recovery was observed exclusively in the P30 and adult injured groups. Similar results were observed in muscle twitch/tetanic force analysis, motor unit number estimation and wet muscle weights. Rats in both the P5 and P7 injury groups displayed significant neuronal death and impaired functional recovery following injury, challenging current dogma and suggesting that severe deficits persist following nerve injury during this early postnatal developmental period. These findings have important implications concerning the timing of neonatal nerve injury in rats.
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CHEN, Shao-liang, Jun-jie ZHANG, Fei YE, Yun-dai CHEN, Wei-yi FANG, Meng WEI, Ben HE et al. "Effect of coronary bifurcation angle on clinical outcomes in Chinese patients treated with crush stenting: a subgroup analysis from DKCRUSH-1 bifurcation study". Chinese Medical Journal 122, n.º 4 (febrero de 2009): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2009.04.008.
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Background Bifurcation angles may have an impact on the clinical outcomes of crush stenting. We sought to compare high (≥60°) with low (<60°) bifurcation angle in patients who underwent either classical or double kissing (DK) crush stenting for bifurcation lesions from the DKCRUSH-1 data base. Methods There were 212 patients with 220 lesions, some with low-angle (n=138) and some with high-angle (n=74). Angiography was indexed at 8-month after procedure. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Secondary endpoint included late lumen loss, the rate of restenosis, and final kissing balloon inflation (FKBI). Results At 8 months, clinical follow-up was 100%; angiographic follow-up was 75% in the low-angle group and 83.3% in the high-angle group. There were no significant differences in the FKBI between the high-angle group (91.43%) and the low-angle group (82.39%). In the high angle group, there was a significant difference in contrast volume used (P=0.005) but no significant difference in acute gain, minimum lumen diameter (MLD), late loss and diameter stenosis in the pre-bifurcation segment, post-bifurcation segment or side branch. When lesions were assigned into with-(n=133) and without-FKBI (n=42), significant side-branch late loss was seen in the group without-FKBI ((0.65±0.49) mm vs (0.47±0.62) mm, P=0.02), with a resultant greater restenosis rate (37.68% vs 18.32%, P=0.001). No difference was detected in the MACE free survival rate between the high and low angle groups (82.39% vs 82.36%, P=0.84). The rate of stent thrombosis tended to be higher in the lower-angle group although there was no significant difference (P=0.38). The TLR free survival rate was 87.2% in the with-FKBI group vs 73.5% in the without-FKBI group (P=0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that the independent predictors for target vessel revascularization were the side branch stent MLD post stenting (hazard ratios (HR) 1.028, 95% CI 2.357–16.233, P=0.002), lack of FKBI (HR 4.910, 95% CI 4.706–8.459, P=0.001) and unsatisfactory kissing (HR 3.120, 95% CI 2.975–5.431, P=0.001). Conclusions Bifurcation angles do not influence the clinical outcome of crush stenting. Successful final kissing balloon inflation, regardless of bifurcation angles, can predict TLR.
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Doi, Atsushi, Kyoka Oda, Masaki Matsumoto, Honoka Sakoguchi, Mizuki Honda, Yuma Ogata, Asuka Nakano et al. "Whole body vibration accelerates the functional recovery of motor nerve components in sciatic nerve-crush injury model rats". Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 19, n.º 3 (28 de junio de 2023): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.2346178.089.
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) on the sensory and motor nerve components with sciatic nerve injury model rats. Surgery was performed on 21 female Wister rats (6–8 weeks) under intraperitoneal anesthesia. The nerve-crush injuries for the left sciatic nerve were inflicted using a Sugita aneurysm clip. The sciatic nerve model rats were randomly divided into two groups (n= 9; control group, n= 12; WBV group). The rats in the WBV group walked in the cage with a vibratory stimulus (frequency 50 Hz, 20 min/day, 5 times/wk), while those in the control group walked in the cage without any vibratory stimulus. We used heat stimulation-induced sensory threshold and lumbar magnetic stimulation-induced motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) to measure the sensory and motor nerve components, respectively. Further, morphological measurements, bilateral hind-limb dimension, bilateral gastrocnemius dimension, and weight were evaluated. Consequently, there were no significant differences in the sensory threshold at the injury side between the control and WBV groups. However, at 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively, MEPs latencies in the WBV group were significantly shorter than those in the control group. Furthermore, both sides of the hind-limb dimension at 6 weeks postoperatively, the left side of the gastrocnemius dimension, and both sides of the gastrocnemius weight significantly increased. In conclusion, WBV especially accelerates the functional recovery of motor nerve components in sciatic nerve-crush injury model rats.
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De, Xuehong, Bowen Zhang, Jingyan Zhao, Wenbin Guo, Jianchao Zhang, Ruijiang Xue y Jiawei Yang. "Evaluation indexes of poplar sawdust and alfalfa grass forming pellets". BioResources 18, n.º 3 (7 de junio de 2023): 5096–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.3.5096-5106.
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An experimental study was conducted to obtain the degree and pattern of influence of the interaction of various test factors on the evaluation indexes of biomass-forming pellets and the optimal combination of test parameters. Poplar sawdust and alfalfa grass were crushed and compressed into pellets, which were used as test samples. The particle size and moisture contents of the biomass raw materials were selected as test factors, and the quality and performance evaluation indexes, such as relaxation density, Shore hardness, water resistance, crush resistance, longitudinal dimensional stability, forming rate, and productivity, were measured for each pellet group. The results showed that for the same biomass raw material, when the particle size range is zero to 1.5 mm and the moisture content is at 15%, the relaxation density, Shore hardness, and forming rate of the formed pellets are the greatest, and the crush resistance, water resistance, and longitudinal dimensional stability are the strongest. When the particle size range is about 4 to 5.5 mm and the moisture content is at 5%, the relaxation density, Shore hardness, and forming rate of the pellets are the smallest, and the crush resistance, water resistance, and longitudinal dimensional stability are the weakest. The best moisture content of the pellets is about 15%.
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Ahmed, Naveed, Pu Xue y Naeem Zafar. "Dynamic axial crushing of bitubular tubes with curvy polygonal inner-tube sections". International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 06, n.º 03 (septiembre de 2017): 1750024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684117500245.
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Bitubular structural configurations, where the outer tube is circular, square and curvy square in shape while the inner-tube section is curvy triangular, square and hexagonal in different proposed configurations, are numerically crushed under dynamic axial loading. The crashworthiness effectiveness for changing inner-tube polygonal cross-section for each of the outer tube sections is studied and compared with changing outer tube shape. The deformation plots and energy absorption (EA) parameters such as peak crushing force (PCF) mean crushing force (MCF), energy absorption and crush force efficiency for each case are evaluated. Most of the configurations showed ovalization with low PCF and MCF and moderate crush force efficiency. Afterwards, effects of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on deformation modes and EA are demonstrated by selecting one of the configurations from each group using published experimental results.
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Rakshana Ramesh, Muthukumaran Jothilingam, Prathap Suganthirababu, Lavanya Prathap, Mydhili Govindaras, Kumaresan.A y Vignesh Srinivasan. "Effectiveness of Low Level Laser Therapy and Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Neuropathic Pain among the Experimentally Induced Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rat Model". Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy - An International Journal 18 (21 de enero de 2024): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/7ztx5c40.
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Background: Peripheral nerve injury creates an impact on the inflammatory process, leading to an elevation inHypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha levels, which contributes to the development and progression of neuropathicpain. An innovative approach to alleviating neuropathic pain involves targeting inflammation.Purpose: This study aims to compare the effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Low-Intensity PulsedUltrasound (LIPUS) on neuropathic pain among the experimentally induced peripheral nerve injury in rat model.Methods: Rats with induced sciatic nerve crush injury were randomly divided into three groups: control, LIPUStreatment, and LLLT treatment. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold analysis was performed before the injuryand from POD 2nd, 7th, 14th, and 21st to assess effectiveness of the treatment.Result: Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) group showing statistically greater improvement on POD 14 and 21compared to both the LIPUS group and the control group in terms of paw withdrawal threshold measurementsamong rats with crush-induced neuropathic pain (P < 0.001).Conclusion: This study found that the use of LLLT has a beneficial effect in the management of neuropathic painand control of analgesia compared to LIPUS by inhibiting the upregulation of HIF-1α synthesis during ischemia,hypoxia, and inflammation. However further studies are recommended to analyze long term results in largersample to control neuropathic pain.
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Bilskiene, D., D. Reingardiene, A. Jankauskas y A. Jonusas. "Acute renal failure due to crush injury and prolonged positional compression on a muscle group". Critical Care 5, Suppl 1 (2001): P212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc1279.
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Câmara, Cibele Nazaré da Silva, Marcus Vinicius Henriques Brito, Edvaldo Lima Silveira, Diego Sá Guimarães da Silva, Vivian Roberta Ferreira Simões y Roberto Waldesmand Farias Pontes. "Histological analysis of low-intensity laser therapy effects in peripheral nerve regeneration in Wistar rats". Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 26, n.º 1 (febrero de 2011): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502011000100004.
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Purpose: Analyze the influence of low-intensity laser therapy in the sciatic nerve regeneration of rats submitted to controlled crush through histological analysis. Methods: Were used 20 Wistar rats, to analyze the influence of low-intensity laser therapy in the sciatic nerve regeneration, where the injury of the type axonotmesis was induced by a haemostatic clamp Crile (2nd level of the rack). The animals were randomly distributed in 2 groups. Control group (CG n = 10) and Laser group (LG n = 10). These were subdivided in 2 subgroups each, according to the euthanasia period: (CG14 _ n = 5 and CG21 _ n = 5) and (LG14 _ n = 5 and LG21 _ n = 5). At the end of treatment, the samples were removed and prepared for histological analysis, where were analyzed and quantified the following findings: Schwann cells, myelinic axons with large diameter and neurons. Results: In the groups submitted to low-intensity laser therapy, were observed an increase in the number of all analyzed aspects with significance level. Conclusion: The irradiation with low intensity laser (904nm) influenced positively the regeneration of the sciatic nerve in Wistar rats after being injured by crush (axonotmesis), becoming the nerve recovery more rapid and efficient.
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Xu, Wen, Demin Han, Huiying Hu y Erzhong Fan. "Characteristics of Experimental Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Surgical Injury in Dogs". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 118, n.º 8 (agosto de 2009): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940911800808.
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Objectives We characterized various recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injuries in dogs. Methods Sixteen dogs were classified as having complete injuries (transection) or incomplete injuries (ligation, half-section, and crush). The characteristics of nerve injuries were evaluated by endoscopic examination, laryngeal electromyography (LEMG), and histopathologic examination at 0 to 12 months after the injury. Results After the RLN injury, the average muscle fiber diameter and the average muscle bundle diameter of the affected muscles were decreased, and the average number of muscular cell nuclei per square inch increased. Fibrillation potentials were found 1 to 3 months after injury, and reinnervation potentials appeared 3 to 6 months after incomplete injury. For nerve transection and ligation, there was no reaction with LEMG instantly after injury involving vocal fold fixation. Vocal fold motion did not improve in members of the complete injury group, whereas all of the vocal folds in the members of the nerve ligation subgroup had limited activity in the later period. Various forms of vocal fold mobility were observed after injury in the half-section subgroup. Animals in the crush subgroup had normal EMG signals combined with abnormal LEMG signals with lower amplitudes after injury. Vocal fold fixation was not observed in this subgroup. Conclusions We found the causes of nerve injury, in order of decreasing severity, to be transection, ligation, half-section, and crush.
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Smit, Xander, Johan W. van Neck, Andrew Afoke y Steven E. R. Hovius. "Reduction of neural adhesions by biodegradable autocrosslinked hyaluronic acid gel after injury of peripheral nerves: an experimental study". Journal of Neurosurgery 101, n.º 4 (octubre de 2004): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2004.101.4.0648.
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Object. Adhesion formation is a serious problem in peripheral nerve surgery, frequently causing dysfunction and pain. The authors aimed to develop an objective biomechanical method of quantifying nerve adhesions and to use this technique for the evaluation of the efficacy of an autocrosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) gel as an antiadhesion therapy. Methods. Thirty-three female Wistar rats underwent dissection, crush injury, or transection plus repair of the sciatic nerve. The nerves were or were not treated with the HA gel. Six weeks after surgery, the adhesions formed were assessed by measuring the peak force required to break the adhesions over a standardized area. Results of biomechanical measurements demonstrated that the peak force significantly increased as the severity of the injury increased. After using the HA gel to treat the nerve, the peak force was significantly reduced in rats with any of the three types of injuries; peak force decreased by 26% in the animals in the dissection group, 29% in the crush injury group, and 38% in the transection and repair group, compared with the untreated animals. Conclusions. The biomechanical method described is an objective, quantitative technique for the assessment of nerve adherence to surrounding tissue. It will be a valuable tool in future studies on antiadhesion therapies. Furthermore, HA gel significantly reduces nerve adhesions after different types of nerve injuries.