Artículos de revistas: "Cross-chain exchanges"

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Hong, Zicong, Song Guo, Enyuan Zhou, Wuhui Chen, Huawei Huang y Albert Zomaya. "GriDB: Scaling Blockchain Database via Sharding and Off-Chain Cross-Shard Mechanism". Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, n.º 7 (marzo de 2023): 1685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3587136.3587143.

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Blockchain databases have attracted widespread attention but suffer from poor scalability due to underlying non-scalable blockchains. While blockchain sharding is necessary for a scalable blockchain database, it poses a new challenge named on-chain cross-shard database services. Each cross-shard database service (e.g., cross-shard queries or inter-shard load balancing) involves massive cross-shard data exchanges, while the existing cross-shard mechanisms need to process each cross-shard data exchange via the consensus of all nodes in the related shards (i.e., on-chain) to resist a Byzantine environment of blockchain, which eliminates sharding benefits. To tackle the challenge, this paper presents GriDB, the first scalable blockchain database, by designing a novel off-chain cross-shard mechanism for efficient cross-shard database services. Borrowing the idea of off-chain payments, GriDB delegates massive cross-shard data exchange to a few nodes, each of which is randomly picked from a different shard. Considering the Byzantine environment, the untrusted delegates cooperate to generate succinct proof for cross-shard data exchanges, while the consensus is only responsible for the low-cost proof verification. However, different from payments, the database services' verification has more requirements (e.g., completeness, correctness, freshness, and availability); thus, we introduce several new authenticated data structures (ADS). Particularly, we utilize consensus to extend the threat model and reduce the complexity of traditional accumulator-based ADS for verifiable cross-shard queries with a rich set of relational operators. Moreover, we study the necessity of inter-shard load balancing for a scalable blockchain database and design an off-chain and live approach for both efficiency and availability during balancing. An evaluation of our prototype shows the performance of GriDB in terms of scalability in workloads with queries and updates.

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Cutting-Decelle, A. F., B. P. Das, R. I. Young, K. Case, N. M. Bouchlaghem y C. J. Anumba. "INFORMATION EXCHANGES IN A CROSS-DISCIPLINARY SUPPLY CHAIN: FORMAL STRATEGY AND APPLICATION". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39, n.º 3 (2006): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20060517-3-fr-2903.00307.

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ZHU, QIAN y HAN ZHOU. "THE FRACTAL STATISTICAL MODEL OF TRANSREGIONAL AND TRANSNATIONAL E-COMMERCE ENTERPRISES SUPPLY CHAIN SEQUENCE". Fractals 28, n.º 08 (10 de agosto de 2020): 2040022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x20400228.

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With the rapid development of world trade exchange, transnational and cross regional e-commerce enterprises have become the heat conductor of trade exchanges among people, organizations and related enterprises of all countries, as well as the important content of high-quality economic development of all countries. Multi-national and transregional e-commerce enterprises have the characteristics of simple circulation structure, simplified transaction cost, high efficiency and rapid evolution in economic and trade activities. However, the traditional transnational and transregional e-commerce enterprises have the disadvantages of slow development and low efficiency in the supply chain. At the same time, there are still many uncertain factors in the corresponding decision sequence. In this paper, the risks faced by cross-border e-commerce supply chain will be comprehensively analyzed and studied. At the same time, the decision-making problem of cross-border e-commerce supply chain sequence will be studied innovatively from two aspects of random uncertainty and fuzzy uncertainty, and a double-layer random expectation model will be established to form a fractal statistical model of supply chain sequence. In this paper, two kinds of sequential strategies are discussed in detail, and a double-layer fuzzy equivalent model is established. Finally, the model is solved by optimization software. The experimental results show that the fractal fractional optimization model proposed in this paper has advantages for the supply chain optimization of multi-national and cross regional e-commerce enterprises.

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He, Xiangan. "Zephyr: A Cost-Effective, Zero-Knowledge Light Client for Enhanced Blockchain Interoperability". ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 51, n.º 3 (3 de enero de 2024): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3639830.3639838.

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Blockchains are siloed by nature. A longtime limitation of blockchain technology is that individual cryptocurrencies are bound to their own chains. Users and applications need to transfer arbitrary data and funds across blockchains. At its peak in 2021, cross-chain bridges custody over 20B in various cryptocurrencies, serving users' needs to engage in DeFi, gaming, etc. Plagued by a lack of ability to do so in a decentralized way, applications force its users to rely on centralized exchanges to achieve cross-blockchain interoperability. User flow thus becomes significantly more complicated, and developers are prevented from defining and building applications that are uniquely enabled by on-chain bridges. Furthermore due to hacks of over 2B, a loss of faith in natively on-chain solutions force users to look to off-chain solutions like Coinbase.

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Guo, Hongli y Tong Zou. "Cross-Border E-Commerce Platform Logistics and Supply Chain Network Optimization Based on Deep Learning". Mobile Information Systems 2022 (21 de mayo de 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2203322.

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E-commerce and logistics are symbioses with each other, but cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) still cannot break away from cross-border logistics. With the progress of economic internationalization, economic and trade ties around the world have become closer and closer, and the level of international business exchanges has been improved. The rise of multinational e-commerce has also caused unprecedented difficulties to multinational logistics and supply chain management. The application of deep neural networks in various fields provides opportunities for cross-border e-commerce platforms to solve these problems. The existing logistics distribution model cannot keep up with the development of CBEC and has become a constraint and bottleneck for the development of CBEC. Therefore, this article introduces deep learning neural network to cross-border logistics and supply chain based on the analysis of the existing cross-border logistics model and supply chain model and the status quo of e-commerce development. It optimizes the existing cross-border logistics and supply chain network in order to break through the current bottleneck in the development of CBEC. This paper shows through research that introducing deep learning neural networks into CBEC logistics and supply chain can improve the efficiency of logistics and supply chain. Compared with the previous efficiency, the efficiency of network optimization can be increased to about 50%, reducing the cost of cross-border logistics and supply chain. The research in this article has great theoretical and guiding significance for the development of CBEC.

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Shen, Yue y Yixin Ren. "Economic Decision-Making Algorithm for Cross-Border Industrial E-Commerce Material Purchase Quantity Based on Markov Chain". Security and Communication Networks 2021 (23 de septiembre de 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1439692.

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With the deepening of globalization, cross-border industrial e-commerce has increasingly become a mainstream means of trade exchanges, however, with the continuous increase in business volume. How to accurately estimate the procurement volume of cross-border materials is a significant issue, which plays a vital role in quantifying economic efficiency. To this end, this study proposes a financial decision-making algorithm for cross-border industrial e-commerce material procurement based on the Markov chain. The algorithm first preprocesses the original logistics data, including data cleaning, missing data filling, and noisy data removal, represents the data as structured panel data, finally builds a Markov chain model based on the panel data, and then makes predictions on the new data. We verified the effectiveness of the proposed model on a simulated dataset and an actual dataset.

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Lee, Hsiu-An, Hsin-Hua Kung, Jai Ganesh Udayasankaran, Boonchai Kijsanayotin, Alvin B Marcelo, Louis R. Chao y Chien-Yeh Hsu. "An Architecture and Management Platform for Blockchain-Based Personal Health Record Exchange: Development and Usability Study". Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, n.º 6 (9 de junio de 2020): e16748. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16748.

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Background Personal health record (PHR) security, correctness, and protection are essential for health and medical services. Blockchain architecture can provide efficient data retrieval and security requirements. Exchangeable PHRs and the self-management of patient health can offer many benefits to traditional medical services by allowing people to manage their own health records for disease prevention, prediction, and control while reducing resource burdens on the health care infrastructure and improving population health and quality of life. Objective This study aimed to build a blockchain-based architecture for an international health record exchange platform to ensure health record confidentiality, integrity, and availability for health management and used Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource international standards as the data format that could allow international, cross-institutional, and patient/doctor exchanges of PHRs. Methods The PHR architecture in this study comprised 2 main components. The first component was the PHR management platform, on which users could upload PHRs, view their record content, authorize PHR exchanges with doctors or other medical health care providers, and check their block information. When a PHR was uploaded, the hash value of the PHR would be calculated by the SHA-256 algorithm and the PHR would be encrypted by the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman encryption mechanism before being transferred to a secure database. The second component was the blockchain exchange architecture, which was based on Ethereum to create a private chain. Proof of authority, which delivers transactions through a consensus mechanism based on identity, was used for consensus. The hash value was calculated based on the previous hash value, block content, and timestamp by a hash function. Results The PHR blockchain architecture constructed in this study is an effective method for the management and utilization of PHRs. The platform has been deployed in Southeast Asian countries via the Asia eHealth Information Network (AeHIN) and has become the first PHR management platform for cross-region medical data exchange. Conclusions Some systems have shown that blockchain technology has great potential for electronic health record applications. This study combined different types of data storage modes to effectively solve the problems of PHR data security, storage, and transmission and proposed a hybrid blockchain and data security approach to enable effective international PHR exchange. By partnering with the AeHIN and making use of the network’s regional reach and expert pool, the platform could be deployed and promoted successfully. In the future, the PHR platform could be utilized for the purpose of precision and individual medicine in a cross-country manner because of the platform’s provision of a secure and efficient PHR sharing and management architecture, making it a reasonable base for future data collection sources and the data analytics needed for precision medicine.

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Mohamed, Ahmed Ben, Didier Rémond, Andreu Gual-Grau, Annick Bernalier-Donnadille, Frédéric Capel, Marie-Caroline Michalski, Fabienne Laugerette et al. "A Mix of Dietary Fibres Changes Interorgan Nutrients Exchanges and Muscle-Adipose Energy Handling in Overfed Mini-Pigs". Nutrients 13, n.º 12 (23 de noviembre de 2021): 4202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124202.

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This study evaluates the capacity of a bread enriched with fermentable dietary fibres to modulate the metabolism and nutrients handling between tissues, gut and peripheral, in a context of overfeeding. Net fluxes of glucose, lactate, urea, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and amino acids were recorded in control and overfed female mini-pigs supplemented or not with fibre-enriched bread. SCFA in fecal water and gene expressions, but not protein levels or metabolic fluxes, were measured in muscle, adipose tissue, and intestine. Fibre supplementation increased the potential for fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial activity in muscle (acox, ucp2, sdha and cpt1-m, p < 0.05) as well as main regulatory transcription factors of metabolic activity such as pparα, pgc-1α and nrf2. All these features were associated with a reduced muscle fibre cross sectional area, resembling to controls (i.e., lean phenotype). SCFA may be direct inducers of these cross-talk alterations, as their feces content (+52%, p = 0.05) was increased in fibre-supplemented mini-pigs. The SCFA effects could be mediated at the gut level by an increased production of incretins (increased gcg mRNA, p < 0.05) and an up-regulation of SCFA receptors (increased gpr41 mRNA, p < 0.01). Hence, consumption of supplemented bread with fermentable fibres can be an appropriate strategy to activate muscle energy catabolism and limit the establishment of an obese phenotype.

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Rexha, Blerim, Vehbi Neziri y Ramadan Dervishi. "Enhancing Trustworthiness and Interoperability of Electronic Voting Systems through Blockchain Bridges". HighTech and Innovation Journal 4, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hij-2023-04-04-04.

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Decentralized applications leveraging blockchain technology are gaining widespread adoption within the decentralized applications ecosystem. Interoperability, a fundamental concept facilitating seamless data and processing power exchange across diverse blockchain networks, is paramount in this context. The primary objective of this paper is to explore the transformative potential of "blockchain bridges" in facilitating secure and transparent electronic voting processes across multiple blockchain networks. The study employs a comprehensive analysis of various approaches, including atomic exchanges, sidechains, cross-chain bridges, token wrappers, and interledger protocols. The selection of a specific method is guided by the unique requirements and privacy considerations of the electronic voting use case. The application of two distinct blockchains serves as a practical demonstration, illustrating the principles of blockchain bridges in real-world scenarios. The research reveals that blockchain bridges not only streamline the exchange of data between diverse blockchain networks but also establish a dual decentralization paradigm. This paradigm enables the creation of openly maintained, purpose-specific, decentralized ledgers for electronic voting. The integration of blockchain bridges significantly reduces the risk of fraud, instilling greater confidence in the accuracy of election results. Thus, by presenting a comprehensive array of approaches and emphasizing their practical application, this research contributes to advancing the understanding and implementation of blockchain technology in the critical domain of electronic voting. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2023-04-04-04 Full Text: PDF

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Zhang, Yousheng, Steven R. Breeze, Suning Wang, John E. Greedan, N. P. Raju y Lijuan Li. "Polynuclear Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes of tetraacetylethane: CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(O2CCF3)2, {[CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(4,4'-bipy)](O2CCF3)2}n, and [CoII2(dpa)4(tae)](O2CCH3)2(H2O)2, dpa = 2,2'-dipyridylamine, tae = tetraacetylethane dianion". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1999): 1424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-146.

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The syntheses and structures of copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes employing tetraacetylethane as the bridging ligand have been investigated. The reaction of Cu(O2CCF3)2 with tetraacetylethane (tae) and 2,2'-dipyridylamine (dpa) yielded a dinuclear complex CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(O2CCF3)2 (1), which has an extended hydrogen-bonded chain structure in the solid state. The reaction of 4,4'-dipyridyl (4,4'-bipy) with compound 1 resulted in the formation of a polymeric compound {[CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(4,4'-bipy)](O2CCF3)2}n (2), where the dinuclear unit is cross-linked by the 4,4'-dipyridyl ligand. The reaction of Co(O2CCH3)2 with tetraacetylethane and 2,2'-dipyridylamine yielded a helical dinuclear complex [CoII2(dpa)4(tae)](O2CCH3)2(H2O)2 (3), which forms a hydrogen-bonded band architecture in the solid state. The three-dimensional structure of 3 has molecular sieve-like channels that host methanol molecules reversibly. While only either negligible or weak magnetic exchanges appear to be present in compounds 1 and 2, there appears to be a significant ferromagnetic exchange in 3, which is likely caused by orbital orthogonality of the Co(II) ions, as supported by the crystal structure and EHMO calculations.Key words: cobalt, copper, polynuclear, tetraacetylethane complex, magnetism.

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Stodt, Fatemeh y Christoph Reich. "Bridge of Trust: Cross Domain Authentication for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Blockchain over Transport Layer Security (TLS)". Electronics 12, n.º 11 (25 de mayo de 2023): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112401.

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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) holds significant potential for improving efficiency, quality, and flexibility. In decentralized systems, there are no trust-based centralized authentication techniques, which are unsuitable for distributed networks or subnets, as they have a single point of failure. However, in a decentralized system, more emphasis is needed on trust management, which presents significant challenges in ensuring security and trust in industrial devices and applications. To address these issues, industrial blockchain has the potential to make use of trustless and transparent technologies for devices, applications, and systems. By using a distributed ledger, blockchains can track devices and their data exchanges, improving relationships between trading partners, and proving the supply chain. In this paper, we propose a model for cross-domain authentication between the blockchain-based infrastructure and industrial centralized networks outside the blockchain to ensure secure communication in industrial environments. Our model enables cross authentication for different sub-networks with different protocols or authentication methods while maintaining the transparency provided by the blockchain. The core concept is to build a bridge of trust that enables secure communication between different domains in the IIoT ecosystem. Our proposed model enables devices and applications in different domains to establish secure and trusted communication channels through the use of blockchain technology, providing an efficient and secure way to exchange data within the IIoT ecosystem. Our study presents a decentralized cross-domain authentication mechanism for field devices, which includes enhancements to the standard authentication system. To validate the feasibility of our approach, we developed a prototype and assessed its performance in a real-world industrial scenario. By improving the security and efficiency in industrial settings, this mechanism has the potential to inspire this important area.

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Sun, Nigang, Yuanyi Zhang y Yining Liu. "A Universal Privacy-Preserving Multi-Blockchain Aggregated Identity Scheme". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 6 (16 de marzo de 2023): 3806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063806.

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Cryptocurrencies offer various benefits in terms of privacy protection and cross-border transactions, but they have also been used for illicit activities such as money laundering due to their anonymous nature and the difficulty of cross-border regulation. Additionally, the unethical actions of some virtual asset service providers (VASPs), such as rug pulls and the embezzlement of user funds, have further eroded the trust between users and VASPs. Implementing identity management on blockchains can help restore trust between users and VASPs. However, current solutions have privacy concerns as identity providers have access to the asset balances and transaction records of each user’s wallet account, and no solution can support all public blockchains unconditionally. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-chain aggregated identity scheme. In this scheme, the identity provider will issue a non-fungible token (NFT) for users who have undergone verification, and wallet accounts from different blockchains will be added to a cryptographic accumulator. The accumulator value is then bound to the identity NFT through a smart contract by the user. This allows the user to prove to others that the identity of the wallet account owner has been verified. The use of accumulators also allows users to combine proof for multiple wallets into a single proof, which significantly improves the efficiency and provides a way for VASPs such as centralized exchanges to demonstrate Proof of Reserves (PoR) to users. Importantly, this scheme preserves privacy as neither the identity provider nor the VASPs can link the user’s real identity with the wallet accounts. Only regulators can access the user’s identity data held by the identity provider and the user’s wallet account held by the VASP to link real identities with wallet accounts for the purpose of sanctions or criminal investigations. Additionally, the scheme supports all blockchains by allowing wallet accounts from any public blockchain to be added to the accumulator. Furthermore, the NFT implementation in the scheme helps prevent identity loss or theft, as it can only be transferred by the identity provider.

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Harris, Wesley L. y Jarunee Wonglimpiyarat. "Blockchain platform and future bank competition". Foresight 21, n.º 6 (11 de noviembre de 2019): 625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-12-2018-0113.

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Purpose Given that Blockchain technology poses a growing challenge to the banking industry, this paper aims to analyse the innovation of Blockchain banking with regard to its systemic dimension, as well as dynamics of competition. The empirical research demonstrates how the systemic characteristics of Blockchain banking relate to the pursuit of strategies and to what extent these strategies influence the directional path and level of technology diffusion. Design/methodology/approach The research study uses a case study methodology to explore the strategic competition of Blockchain banking. The study proposes the systemic innovation model for analysing and tracking the path of innovations. The model can be applied to any industry to understand the process of innovation development and the strategies to win market share in the banking industry. This research makes a contribution towards the theory of technology diffusion to understand the directional path of innovations. Findings The analyses of findings reveal the situation whereby most banks still compete to create their own Blockchain banking systems. The analyses, based on the systemic innovation model, also shows the low systemic feature of Blockchain banking at present. From the technology diffusion perspective, the future of Blockchain banking may need cross-chain interoperability to support a full spectrum of payments and value exchanges on the internet of things. Originality/value The main contribution of this paper is the systemic analysis of the latest innovation of Blockchain banking. Given that the research also includes the major banking innovation cases of ATM/cash cards, credit cards and electronic fund transfer at the point of sale/debit cards, the comparative analyses offer strategic insights to predict the progress, as well as pattern of technology development and diffusion for the case of Blockchain banking.

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Hei, Yiming, Dawei Li, Chi Zhang, Jianwei Liu, Yizhong Liu y Qianhong Wu. "Practical AgentChain: A compatible cross-chain exchange system". Future Generation Computer Systems 130 (mayo de 2022): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.11.029.

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Wang, Qianwen, Shen Wang, Pan Zhang, Li He, Xiao Li, Sijin Cheng y Shenshen Zhou. "An Achieving Data Exchange Cross-Chain Alliance Protocol". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1213 (junio de 2019): 042037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1213/4/042037.

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Tian, Hangyu, Kaiping Xue, Xinyi Luo, Shaohua Li, Jie Xu, Jianqing Liu, Jun Zhao y David S. L. Wei. "Enabling Cross-Chain Transactions: A Decentralized Cryptocurrency Exchange Protocol". IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 16 (2021): 3928–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2021.3096124.

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Han, Juanjuan, Liang Zhu, Jing Pan, Tawanda J. Zimudzi, Ying Wang, Yanqiu Peng, Michael A. Hickner y Lin Zhuang. "Elastic Long-Chain Multication Cross-Linked Anion Exchange Membranes". Macromolecules 50, n.º 8 (3 de abril de 2017): 3323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01140.

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Vyas, T. B., S. U. Mooers, S. R. Narayan, J. C. Witherell, M. J. Siegman y T. M. Butler. "Cooperative activation of myosin by light chain phosphorylation in permeabilized smooth muscle". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 263, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 1992): C210—C219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1992.263.1.c210.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the quantitative relationship between the number of myosin molecules that increase their ATPase activity and the degree of myosin light chain phosphorylation in smooth muscle. Single turnover experiments on the nucleotide bound to myosin were performed in the permeabilized rabbit portal vein. In the resting muscle, the rate of exchange of bound nucleoside diphosphate was biphasic and complete in approximately 30 min. When approximately 80% of the myosin light chain was thiophosphorylated, the nucleoside diphosphate exchange occurred at a much faster rate and was almost complete in 2 min. Thiophosphorylation of 10% of the myosin light chains caused an increase in the rate of ADP exchange from much more than 10% of the myosin subfragment-1. Less than 20% thiophosphorylation of the total myosin light chains resulted in the maximum increase in ADP exchanged in 2 min. It appears that a small degree of myosin light chain phosphorylation cooperatively turns on the maximum number of myosin molecules. Interestingly, even though less than 20% thiophosphorylation of the myosin light chain caused the maximum exchange of ADP within 2 min, higher degrees of thiophosphorylation were associated with further increases in the ATPase rates. We conclude that a small degree of myosin light chain thiophosphorylation cooperatively activates the maximum number of myosin molecules, and a higher degree of thiophosphorylation makes the myosin cycle faster. A kinetic model is proposed in which the rate constant for attachment of unphosphorylated cross bridges varies as a function of myosin light chain phosphorylation.

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Su, Hong, Bing Guo, Jun Yu Lu y Xinhua Suo. "Cross-chain exchange by transaction dependence with conditional transaction method". Soft Computing 26, n.º 3 (8 de enero de 2022): 961–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06577-5.

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Du, Xinming, Minghui Li, Zhe Wang y Jingmei Xu. "The ordered side chain imidazole functionalized cross-linked anion exchange membrane". Chinese Science Bulletin 64, n.º 2 (31 de octubre de 2018): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972018-00679.

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Lei, Liu, Liangtu Song y Jiahua Wan. "Improved Method of Blockchain Cross-Chain Consensus Algorithm Based on Weighted PBFT". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (25 de agosto de 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5169259.

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Aiming to solve the problems of low fault tolerance, low throughput, and high delay in traditional methods, an improved method of the blockchain cross-chain consensus algorithm based on weighted PBFT is proposed. This article constructs a blockchain cross-chain exchange model based on cluster centers and divides the nodes in the blockchain system into consensus service nodes, cross-chain exchange nodes, and application nodes to improve the performance of consensus computing services. On this basis, according to the weighted PBFT consensus mechanism, the blockchain consensus environment is set up, and the distribution of nodes in the consensus domain and the blockchain signature scheme are obtained. Therefore, the blockchain cross-chain consensus optimization algorithm is designed to reduce throughput and delay and optimize the consensus effect. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the shortcomings of traditional methods, with high throughput and low latency, and strong security. It shows that it is a low resource consumption and secure consensus method.

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Lu, Shaofei, Jingru Pei, Renke Zhao, Xiaochen Yu, Xuyang Zhang, Junyi Li y Guanzhong Yang. "CCIO: A Cross-Chain Interoperability Approach for Consortium Blockchains Based on Oracle". Sensors 23, n.º 4 (7 de febrero de 2023): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041864.

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Cross-chain interoperability can expand the ability of data interaction and value circulation between different blockchains, especially the value interaction and information sharing between industry consortium blockchains. However, some current public blockchain cross-chain technologies or data migration schemes between consortium blockchains need help to meet the consortium blockchain requirements for efficient two-way data interaction. The critical issue to solve in cross-chain technology is improving the efficiency of cross-chain exchange while ensuring the security of data transmission outside the consortium blockchain. In this article, we design a cross-chain architecture based on blockchain oracle technology. Then, we propose a bidirectional information cross-chain interaction approach (CCIO) based on the former architecture, we novelly improve three traditional blockchain oracle patterns, and we combine a mixture of symmetric and asymmetric keys to encrypt private information to ensure cross-chain data security. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CCIO approach can achieve efficient and secure two-way cross-chain data interactions and better meet the application needs of large-scale consortium blockchains.

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Zhang, Shuhui, Ruiyao Zhou, Lianhai Wang, Shujiang Xu y Wei Shao. "Cross-Chain Asset Transaction Method Based on Ring Signature for Identity Privacy Protection". Electronics 12, n.º 24 (14 de diciembre de 2023): 5010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12245010.

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In recent years, the rapid development of blockchain technology has facilitated the transfer of value and asset exchange between different blockchains. However, achieving interoperability among various blockchains necessitates the exploration of cross-chain technology. While cross-chain technology enables asset flow between different blockchains, it also introduces the risk of identity privacy leakage, thus posing a significant threat to user security. To tackle this issue, this article proposes a cross-chain privacy protection scheme that leverages ring signature and relay chain technology. Specifically, this scheme utilizes RCROSS contracts based on ring signatures to handle cross-chain transactions, thereby ensuring the privacy of both parties involved in the transaction. This cross-chain solution demonstrates practicality and efficiency in facilitating cross-chain asset trading. Furthermore, it effectively combats reuse attacks and man-in-the-middle attacks at the application layer while also providing resistance against denial-of-service attacks at the network layer. To validate the proposed cross-chain solution, we conducted tests by constructing a specific cross-chain scenario and by focusing on the natural gas consumption values generated by the RCROSS contract function used in the application chain. The findings indicate that our proposed solution is highly practical in safeguarding the identity privacy of transaction participants. This article’s framework guarantees reliability, security, and efficiency in cross-chain asset transactions. By incorporating ring-based signatures and relay chain technology, users can confidently protect their identity privacy, thus ensuring secure and smooth cross-chain transactions.

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Sułkowski, Wieslaw W., Krzysztof Nowak, Anna Sułkowska, Agnieszka Wolińska, Wioletta M. Bajdur, Danuta Pentak y Barbara Mikuła. "Study of the sulfonation of expanded polystyrene waste and of properties of the products obtained". Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, n.º 12 (30 de noviembre de 2009): 2417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-11-20.

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Waste-expanded polystyrene (EPS) and virgin polystyrene (VPS) were converted into ion exchangers by chemical modification. For this purpose, we used silica sulfuric acid as the sulfonating agent and conducted sulfonation under heterogeneous conditions. For VPS, the influence of the quantity of the sulfonating agent, the temperature, and the reaction time on the product properties were studied. As it appeared, silica sulfuric acid simplifies the reaction in comparison with the conventional sulfonation methods. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra and elemental analysis revealed that products were cross-linked and the content of sulfonate groups in a polymer chain varied. Some of the yielded polymers exhibited good water absorption and cation-exchange properties. The ion-exchange capacity (IEC) for chosen products was also determined, and it turned out to be similar to the commercial resin. The batch method was used to study the purification of solutions of Zn2+ and Cu2+ by the obtained resins. The performed study proved the usefulness of waste PS derivatives for the water treatment process.

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Wang, Lifeng, Yuanguo Yao, Wanyang Zhou y Kangying Liu. "Research on the Management Model and Performance Evaluation of Guangxi ASEAN Cross border Agricultural Product Supply Chain". Advances in Economics and Management Research 8, n.º 1 (7 de diciembre de 2023): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.8.1.201.2023.

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With the proposal of the "Belt and Road Initiative", China's cross-border trade has been further developed. In order to comply with the development trend of "double cycle", the trade of agricultural products can make full use of "two resources and two markets" both at home and abroad. However, the supply chain of cross-border trade of agricultural products involves many links and has a wide range of chain coverage, showing relatively complex characteristics. In order to realize the sustainable development of cross-border agricultural products trade, an empirical study on the management model and performance evaluation of Guangxi-ASEAN cross-border agricultural products supply chain was carried out. On the basis of defining the concept of Guangxi-ASEAN cross-border agricultural product supply chain, this study first analyzed the management mode of Guangxi-ASEAN cross-border agricultural product supply chain, designed the performance evaluation model of Guangxi-ASEAN cross-border agricultural product supply chain according to the importance of cross-border logistics and demand of agricultural products, and then set evaluation indicators on the basis of target level and criterion level through the selection rules of evaluation indicators. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the scores of each index, so as to obtain the evaluation level of Guangxi-ASEAN cross-border agricultural supply chain performance, and complete the empirical analysis of performance evaluation. The empirical analysis results are as follows: The logistics system of Guangxi-ASEAN cross-border trade is gradually improved, the delivery timeliness and accuracy of cross-border trade are constantly increasing, the quality of cross-border agricultural products is gradually enhanced, and the information exchange of cross-border trade is becoming more transparent. This improves the satisfaction of consumers, increases the profits of enterprises, reduces the customs clearance time and finished products of agricultural trade, and strengthens the close trade cooperation between Guangxi and ASEAN countries.

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Chen, Kuongho, Lin-Fa Lee, Wayne Chiu, Chunhua Su, Kuo-Hui Yeh y Han-Chieh Chao. "A Trusted Reputation Management Scheme for Cross-Chain Transactions". Sensors 23, n.º 13 (29 de junio de 2023): 6033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136033.

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Blockchain has become a well-known, secured, decentralized datastore in many domains, including medical, industrial, and especially the financial field. However, to meet the requirements of different fields, platforms that are built on blockchain technology must provide functions and characteristics with a wide variety of options. Although they may share similar technology at the fundamental level, the differences among them make data or transaction exchange challenging. Cross-chain transactions have become a commonly utilized function, while at the same time, some have pointed out its security loopholes. It is evident that a secure transaction scheme is desperately needed. However, what about those nodes that do not behave? It is clear that not only a secure transaction scheme is necessary, but also a system that can gradually eliminate malicious players is of dire need. At the same time, integrating different blockchain systems can be difficult due to their independent architectures, and cross-chain transactions can be at risk if malicious attackers try to control the nodes in the cross-chain system. In this paper, we propose a dynamic reputation management scheme based on the past transaction behaviors of nodes. These behaviors serve as the basis for evaluating a node’s reputation to support the decision on malicious behavior and enable the system to intercept it in a timely manner. Furthermore, to establish a reputation index with high precision and flexibility, we integrate Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) into our proposed scheme. This allows our system to meet the needs of a wide variety of blockchain platforms. Overall, the article highlights the importance of securing cross-chain transactions and proposes a method to prevent misbehavior by evaluating and managing node reputation.

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27

Li, Yang, Jiali Hong, Renjian Wei, Yingying Zhang, Zaizai Tong, Xinghong Zhang, Binyang Du, Junting Xu y Zhiqiang Fan. "Highly efficient one-pot/one-step synthesis of multiblock copolymers from three-component polymerization of carbon dioxide, epoxide and lactone". Chemical Science 6, n.º 2 (2015): 1530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sc03593c.

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Carbon dioxide-based multiblock copolymers were synthesized by a one-pot/one-step three-component polymerization of cyclohexene oxide, ε-caprolactone and CO₂via cross-chain exchange reaction at two catalysts.

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28

Ricarte, Ralm G. y Sachin Shanbhag. "Unentangled Vitrimer Melts: Interplay between Chain Relaxation and Cross-link Exchange Controls Linear Rheology". Macromolecules 54, n.º 7 (17 de marzo de 2021): 3304–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02530.

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29

Li, Dawei, Jia Yu, Xue Gao y Najla Al-Nabhan. "Research on Multidomain Authentication of IoT Based on Cross-Chain Technology". Security and Communication Networks 2020 (9 de diciembre de 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6679022.

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Blockchain is an innovated and revolutionized technology, which has attracted wide attention from academia and industry. At present, blockchain has been widely used in certificate management and credential delivery in network access authentication. In a large-scale multidomain Internet of Things (IoT) environment, one of the important issues is cross-domain key sharing and secure data exchange between different IoT. In this paper, aiming at the multidomain authentication requirements of the IoT, this paper introduces the blockchain cross-chain technology into the cross-domain authentication process of the IoT and proposes an effective cross-domain authentication scheme of the IoT based on the improved PBFT algorithm. First, an architecture of blockchain-based cross-domain authentication is proposed. Then, the block data structure is designed in order to enhance the function of access authentication. Third, the authentication process is realized by intelligent contract. The authentication information is encrypted and distributed by a key sharing method to ensure the security of authentication data. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has significant advantages in security and availability.

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30

Cheng, Xue, Chunhu Li, Xiangwei Zou, Bo Sun, Liang Wang, Wentai Wang y Xiangchao Meng. "Highly conductive alkoxy chain cross-linked poly (aryl piperidinium) anion exchange membrane for water electrolysis". Chemical Engineering Journal 483 (marzo de 2024): 149328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.149328.

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31

Liu, Donglan, Xin Liu, Rui Wang, Hao Zhang, Fangzhe Zhang, Lili Sun, Honglei Yao y Hao Yu. "A Multi-Blockchain-Based Cross-Domain Authentication and Authorization Scheme for Energy Internet". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2023 (29 de abril de 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4778967.

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The expansion of the scale of the Power Internet of Things stimulated by the development of the Energy Internet makes the growth in demand for the effective authentication and access control technologies in the cross-domain data exchange. Based on the cross-chain technology of the blockchain and the cuckoo filter, this paper proposes a cross-domain authentication scheme for Power Internet of Things. Firstly, a cross-chain authentication architecture is established. Combined with the existing authentication technologies used in intra-domain authentication, a cross-domain authentication process based on the cross-chain technology is proposed to realize the automatic transmission of the authentication credentials from application domain to authentication domain. The cuckoo filter is deployed on the blockchain as smart contracts, and the user certificate fingerprint is inserted into the filter to realize user registration, query, and revocation, which reduces the cost of the user certificate management. Experimental results show the effectiveness and feasibility of our scheme. Based on the proposed authentication scheme, a cross-domain access control scheme based on roles and object classes is presented, by treating the object classes as controlled objects and then applying the role-based access control to the object classes, on the condition that the heterogeneous domains in the Energy Internet have the same kinds of resources.

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32

Cao, Dafu, Xiaowei Sun, Huan Gao, Li Pan, Nanwen Li y Yuesheng Li. "Crosslinked Polynorbornene-Based Anion Exchange Membranes with Perfluorinated Branch Chains". Polymers 15, n.º 5 (21 de febrero de 2023): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051073.

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To investigate the effect of perfluorinated substituent on the properties of anion exchange membranes (AEMs), cross-linked polynorbornene-based AEMs with perfluorinated branch chains were prepared via ring opening metathesis polymerization, subsequent crosslinking reaction, and quaternization. The crosslinking structure enables the resultant AEMs (CFnB) to exhibit a low swelling ratio, high toughness, and high water uptake, simultaneously. In addition, benefiting from the ion gathering and side chain microphase separation caused by their flexible backbone and perfluorinated branch chain, these AEMs had high hydroxide conductivity up to 106.9 mS cm−1 at 80 °C even at low ion content (IEC < 1.6 meq g−1). This work provides a new approach to achieve improved ion conductivity at low ion content by introducing the perfluorinated branch chains and puts forward a referable way to prepare AEMs with high performance.

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33

Hambly, B., K. Franks y R. Cooke. "Orientation of spin-labeled light chain-2 exchanged onto myosin cross-bridges in glycerinated muscle fibers". Biophysical Journal 59, n.º 1 (enero de 1991): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(91)82205-6.

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34

Ji, Jialu, Hongxing Zheng, Jia Qi, Mingjun Ji, Lingrui Kong y Shengzhong Ji. "Financial and Logistical Service Strategy of Third-Party Logistics Enterprises in Cross-Border E-Commerce Environment". Sustainability 15, n.º 8 (19 de abril de 2023): 6874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086874.

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As competition in the cross-border logistics-service market intensifies and demand rises, enterprises with third-party logistics (3PL) combine logistical and financial services to provide comprehensive services. This study considers a secondary supply chain consisting of a cross-border e-commerce enterprise and a 3PL enterprise. When cross-border e-commerce enterprises lack funds, 3PL enterprises can provide them with inventory pledge loans. Thus, we establish a Stackelberg game model between the abovementioned parties. We consider the stochastic fluctuation of exchange rate and demand, establish a combined decision model of the logistics-service level and financial service pledge rate of the 3PL enterprise when logistics services affect offshore market demand, and prove the existence of an optimal solution. Studies have shown that the optimal logistics-service level and pledge rate increase with an increase in import tariffs and logistics sensitivity coefficients in offshore markets. Meanwhile, they decrease with an increase in the capability coefficient of 3PL enterprises, exchange rate fluctuation, default rate, and price sensitivity factor in offshore markets. In addition, the more capable 3PL enterprises are, the greater the expected profitability of the entire supply chain. We also utilize authentic data to verify the abovementioned inference and establish its validity.

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35

Li, Tao, Peiyao Niu, Yilei Wang, Shengke Zeng, Xiaoying Wang y Willy Susilo. "HT2REP: A fair cross-chain atomic exchange protocol under UC framework based on HTLCs and TRE". Computer Standards & Interfaces 89 (abril de 2024): 103834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2024.103834.

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36

Miraz, Mahdi H. y David C. Donald. "Atomic Cross-chain Swaps: Development, Trajectory and Potential of Non-monetary Digital Token Swap Facilities". Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing 3, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2019.01.005.

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Since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2008, many other cryptocurrencies have been introduced and gained popularity. Lack of interoperability and scalability amongst these cryptocurrencies was - and still is - acting as a significant impediment to the general adoption of cryptocurrencies and coloured tokens. Atomic Swaps – a smart exchange protocol for cryptocurrencies - is designed to facilitate a wallet-to-wallet transfer enabling direct trades amongst different cryptocurrencies. Since swaps between cryptocurrencies are still relatively unknown, this article will investigate the operation and market development thus far and query the advantages they offer and the future challenges they face. The paper contains detailed literature and technology reviews, followed by the main analysis and findings.

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37

Rahies, Muhammad Khan y Mubashir ALi Khan. "Customer Intention Towards Reverse Logistics of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles in the Beverage Industry of Pakistan". Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business 9, n.º 2 (18 de febrero de 2023): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sijmb.v9i2.711.

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The aim of this research is to examine the Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle exchange attitude and intention with the help of value belief norm theory in Karachi Pakistan. The main focus of the study is to report the empirical relationship among the antecedents of customer attitude and intention. This study follows the cross-sectional research design to conduct survey based on self-administered questionnaire. Using the cluster sampling followed by convenient sampling techniques, responses are collected from 400 respondents of district east in Karachi who are affiliated with diverse education, income and age group. The findings reported that value belief norm theory is successful in explaining the customer attitude regarding PET bottle exchange. This theory proves that PET bottles exchange attitude in individuals developed only when certain values, beliefs and personal norms are present. Further, the PET bottles exchange attitude explained significant variance for predicting customer PET bottle exchange intention. Moreover, the relationship between PET bottles exchange attitude is moderated by consumer knowledge and neutralization technique. Most of the research focused the operation and manufacturing side of supply chain. The customers are the key players in the supply chain especially in the reverse logistics. This study aimed to focus the role of customers in the reverse logistics of PET bottles in beverage industry of Pakistan with the Psychological parameters. The study identifies the need for policymakers and supply chain managers to actively advocate the environmental messages in their promotional campaigns in order to offset the effect of customer neutralization and enhance the customer knowledge regarding environmental friendly behavior.

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38

Tennant, Stuart y Scott Fernie. "An emergent form of client-led supply chain governance in UK construction: CLANS". International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management 2, n.º 1 (31 de julio de 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14424/ijcscm201012-01-16.

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Drawing inspiration and legitimacy from the traditions of organisational theory and in particular alternative mechanisms of organisational governance, the research explores an emergent, clan form of client-led supply chain governance in UK construction. Clan mechanisms of organisational governance are described as hybrid structures of exchange, neither pro-market nor organisational hierarchy. Not to be mistaken with alternative mechanisms of exchange such as networks, clan forms of client-led supply chain management are readily distinguishable by their highly socialised marketplace, enduring relationships and community of practice. A qualitative research strategy is adopted for this exploration of clan forms of client-led supply chain governance. Data collection uses semi-structured interviews, recorded, coded and analyzed. Participants include senior industry figures from a cross-section of construction stakeholder organisations, including client bodies, first tier service providers and construction contractors. In contrast to much of the prevailing work in construction supply chain management research, the findings draw specific attention to a hybrid form of organisational governance rarely discussed: namely clans. In light of challenging economic conditions, the recognition and potential contribution of clans as an alternative mechanism of governance is a timely and valuable contribution to the ongoing construction supply chain management debate.

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Xie, Cuijie, Haijuan Wang y Jianhong Jiao. "Cross-Border E-Commerce Logistics Collaboration Model Based on Supply Chain Theory". Security and Communication Networks 2022 (28 de abril de 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1498765.

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With the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce, however, logistics has become a bottleneck in the development of cross-border electricity traders. The results of studies on cross-border e-commerce logistics are still less, and the relevant theoretical studies are not yet mature enough. As cross-border e-commerce occupies a share of foreign trade in foreign trade increases, so does their influence. In order to eliminate bottlenecks in the cross-border logistics of an electric enterprise, it is of great importance to systematically study the issues of synergy in the logistics of the supply chain of a cross-border electric enterprise and validate how cross-border traders and cross-border logistics work together using cross-border discussion based on the perspective of cross-border e-commerce ecosystem. At the same time, an analysis of the need for cross-border logistics collaboration electricity traders and cross-border logistics is being carried out, as well as an in-depth study of synergy mechanisms between cross-border electricity traders and cross-border logistics based on a cross-border ecosystem perspective. The empirical results show that cross-border logistics is available function service capability; cross-border logistics information sharing level, cross-border logistics resource optimization and allocation capability, and the opening level of cross-border logistics environment have different contributions to the impact on the efficiency of cross-border e-commerce logistics. Among them, the level of cross-border logistics information exchange has the most significant influence on the logistics efficiency of cross-border traders, followed by cross-border logistics functional services capabilities, again the level of openness of the cross-border logistics environment, and finally, the ability to optimally distribute cross-border logistics resources.

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40

Zhou, Jinfang, Pei Chen, Qian Shi, Ruiqiang Wang, Xinbing Chen y Zhongwei An. "Cross-linked poly(arylene ether sulfone)s with side-chain aromatic benzyltrimethyl ammonium for anion-exchange membranes". Polymer Bulletin 74, n.º 10 (28 de febrero de 2017): 4329–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-1945-y.

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41

Devlaminck, Dries, Paul Van Steenberge, Marie-Françoise Reyniers y Dagmar D’hooge. "Modeling of Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene with Macro-RAFT Agents to Theoretically Compare Slow Fragmentation, Ideal Exchange and Cross-Termination Cases". Polymers 11, n.º 2 (13 de febrero de 2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020320.

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A 5-dimensional Smith-Ewart based model is developed to understand differences for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization with theoretical agents mimicking cases of slow fragmentation, cross-termination, and ideal exchange while accounting for chain length and monomer conversion dependencies due to diffusional limitations. The focus is on styrene as a monomer, a water soluble initiator, and a macro-RAFT agent to avoid exit/entry of the RAFT leaving group radical. It is shown that with a too low RAFT fragmentation rate coefficient it is generally not afforded to consider zero-one kinetics (for the related intermediate radical type) and that with significant RAFT cross-termination the dead polymer product is dominantly originating from the RAFT intermediate radical. To allow the identification of the nature of the RAFT retardation it is recommended to experimentally investigate in the future the impact of the average particle size (dp) on both the monomer conversion profile and the average polymer properties for a sufficiently broad dp range, ideally including the bulk limit. With decreasing particle size both a slow RAFT fragmentation and a fast RAFT cross-termination result in a stronger segregation and thus rate acceleration. The particle size dependency is different, allowing further differentiation based on the variation of the dispersity and end-group functionality. Significant RAFT cross-termination is specifically associated with a strong dispersity increase at higher average particle sizes. Only with an ideal exchange it is afforded in the modeling to avoid the explicit calculation of the RAFT intermediate concentration evolution.

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42

Bems, Rudolfs y Robert C. Johnson. "Demand for Value Added and Value-Added Exchange Rates". American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 9, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2017): 45–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20150216.

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We examine how cross-border input linkages shape the response of demand for value added to international relative price changes. We define a novel value-added real effective exchange rate (REER), which aggregates bilateral value-added price changes. Spillovers via input linkages lower the sensitivity of the value-added REER to price changes by supply chain partners because they counterbalance demand-side expenditure switching. Input linkages also raise the price elasticity of demand relative to the conventional REER framework, making demand more sensitive to REER changes. Using global input-output data, we demonstrate that these conceptual insights are quantitatively important in a case study of European competitiveness. (JEL E31, F23, F31, L14)

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43

Shang, Yiran. "A Comprehensive Evaluation Method for the Effectiveness of Public Health-Oriented Music Performance Art Based on Blockchain Technology". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (14 de septiembre de 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8307291.

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Music can promote the development of physical and mental health, and its therapeutic utility has begun to receive widespread attention from scholars, who have systematically studied the therapeutic methods, processes, and utility of music with the theme of music therapy, and the topic has been extended from music therapy at the individual level to the public health domain. Therefore, it is worthwhile to further explore how the effectiveness of music as a performing arts activity in the public health domain is evaluated. However, most of the current studies focus on the evaluation of the effects of music on individual physical and mental health, and few involve the evaluation of music performing arts activities in the public health domain, which greatly hinders the potential of music performing arts applications in the public health domain. Therefore, this study proposes a dynamic and comprehensive evaluation scheme based on the cross-chain technology in blockchain and establishes a cross-chain-based information exchange model for the feasibility of information exchange between music performing arts and public health. The research findings can not only provide theoretical guidance for the formulation of public health policies but also provide technical support for the comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of music performing arts activities.

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Towne, Samuel D., Shinduk Lee, Yajuan Li y Matthew Lee Smith. "Assessment of eHealth capabilities and utilization in residential care settings". Health Informatics Journal 22, n.º 4 (26 de julio de 2016): 1063–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458215610895.

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The US National Survey of Residential Care Facilities was used to conduct cross-sectional analyses of residential care facilities (n = 2302). Most residential care facilities lacked computerized capabilities for one or more of these capabilities in 2010. Lacking computerized systems supporting electronic health information exchange with pharmacies was associated with non-chain affiliation (p < .05). Lacking electronic health information exchange with physicians was associated with being a small-sized facility (vs large) (p < .05). Lacking computerized capabilities for discharge/transfer summaries was associated with for-profit status (p < .05) and small-sized facilities (p < .05). Lacking computerized capabilities for medical provider information was associated with non-chain affiliation (p < .05), small- or medium-sized facilities (p < .05), and for-profit status (p < .05). Lack of electronic health record was associated with non-chain affiliation (p < .05), small- or medium-sized facilities (p < .05), for-profit status (p < .05), and location in urban areas (p < .05). eHealth disparities exist across residential care facilities. As the older adult population continues to grow, resources must be in place to provide an integrated system of care across multiple settings.

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45

Gopinath, Gita, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, Chang-Tai Hsieh y Nicholas Li. "International Prices, Costs, and Markup Differences". American Economic Review 101, n.º 6 (1 de octubre de 2011): 2450–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.6.2450.

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Relative cross-border retail prices, in a common currency, comove closely with the nominal exchange rate. Using product-level prices and wholesale costs from a grocery chain operating in the United States and Canada, we decompose this variation into relative costs and markup components. The high correlation of nominal and real exchange rates is driven mainly by changes in relative costs. National borders segment markets. Retail prices respond to changes in costs in neighboring stores within the same country but not across the border. Prices have a median discontinuous change of 24 percent at the border and 0 percent at state boundaries. (JEL F31, L11, L81)

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Luscher, M. A., B. L. Newton y B. H. Barber. "Characteristics of heterologous beta 2-m exchange into H-2Db at the cell surface." Journal of Immunology 153, n.º 11 (1 de diciembre de 1994): 5068–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.153.11.5068.

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Abstract W6/32 is a monomorphic anti-HLA class I Ab that cross-reacts with the product of the exchange of murine beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) with human or bovine beta 2-m on H-2 Db. Using W6/32 we have developed a simple and rapid flow cytometric method to measure the beta 2-m exchange kinetics for Db at the surface of intact H-2b cell lines. We find that 10 to 25% of the Db heavy chains exchange bound beta 2-m for soluble beta 2-m with a t1/2 of 10 to 15 min. The kinetics of the exchange are consistent with a mechanism that includes a free heavy chain intermediate on the reaction coordinate. The remainder of Db molecules appear to be refractory to beta 2-m exchange even after long-term culture with an exogenous source of beta 2-m. The exchange process proceeds at a similar rate on wild-type cells that bear a diverse complement of autologous peptides on their class I molecules, and on mutant RMA-S cells having class I molecules primarily occupied with a single, defined, high affinity synthetic peptide Ag. The t1/2 for dissociation of a radiolabeled analogue of a high affinity naturally presented peptide Ag is 10 h or more, implying that the free heavy chain intermediate in the beta 2-m exchange mechanism retains bound peptides. Further, we find that synthetic peptide Ags added to non-mutant cells bind both to class I molecules that subsequently exchange bound beta 2-m, and to molecules that retain endogenous beta 2-m.

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47

Guo, Mingkai, Chao Wang, Sen Chen, Ying Hu y Wenhui Zhang. "Integration Mechanism of Intellectual Property and Scientific and Technological Innovation from A Cross-domain Perspective: International Experience and Enlightenment". Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 12, n.º 1 (16 de noviembre de 2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v12i1.13623.

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With the deepening of economic globalization and technological advancement, intellectual property and technological innovation have increasingly become pivotal elements driving economic growth and societal progression. A coupling relationship exists between intellectual property and technological innovation: technological advancement promotes the continuous evolution of intellectual property systems, while conversely, intellectual property stimulates technological innovation. By analyzing the intellectual property strategies characteristic of various nations, it is discerned that propelling technological innovation fundamentally depends on establishing a legal system and cultural environment conducive to incentivizing and safeguarding innovative outcomes. On the one hand, it's vital to ground strategies in the nation's realities. On the other, there's a need to incorporate the best from all sources, with an emphasis on indigenous innovation and applying these insights for national benefit, shaping an intellectual property legal framework with Chinese characteristics. Amid China's rapid development trajectory, the structure of its technological innovation chain manifests a "broad-middle and narrow-ends" configuration. The optimal remedy lies in delineating a developmental pathway for the intellectual property sector that aligns with China's unique circumstances. To elevate technological innovation, China ought to reinforce intellectual property education, establish an efficient operational model, intensify international collaboration and exchanges, ensuring the profound integration and symbiotic growth of intellectual property and technological innovation.

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48

Dansomboon, Suwaj, Thepparat Phimonsathienand y Wanno Fongsuwan. "Cross Cultural Logistics and Supply Chain Management Towards Organizational Effectiveness within the Asean/Thai Automotive Industries: A Sem Analysis". Management and Production Engineering Review 7, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2016): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2016-0023.

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Abstract As a manufacturing, logistics and supply chain hub within ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), Thailand holds the 12th spot in global vehicle production for an estimated 2,355 Thai and multinational automotive industry enterprises. Within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Thailand ranks number one in automotive production contributing $US11.4 billion to the Thai economy and 12 percent to Thailand’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product), with the automotive industry being Thailand’s leading export sector. However, the automotive companies envisage the difficulty of cultural diversity to manage and coordinate. Therefore, cultural values from the milieu are inducted into the workplace and have a strong impact on both individual behavior and organizational effectiveness and must be direction at all levels for cross-cultural, organizational effectiveness to be achieved. It also became evident that natural disasters are frequent and highly disruptive to the global automotive supply chain and paces must be taken to countervailing the notable and continuing loss to economic growth and organizational effectiveness to both sector units and the global industry. The implementation of strategically placed, environmentally ‘habituated’, automotive parts logistics cache might be one solution to the problem. Given the crucial importance of this sector to the economy of the region and the global supply chain, the researchers surveyed 220 managers using a 7-point Likert scale questionnaire within the multinational industrial clusters of Thailand’s ‘Detroit of Asia’ Eastern Seaboard region. Using Structural Equation Modelling to test the 11 variables on Logistics Management, Supply Chain Management and Organizational Effectiveness in a cross-cultural context, it was determined that collaboration within the supply chain and the exchange of information can reduce uncertainty, with trust being a key ingredient to a JV’s success. Communication (0.836), trust (0.834) and collaboration (0.824) were ranked as significant components of cross-cultural Supply Chain Management effectiveness. The research also confirmed that the hypothesized difficulty from cultural diversity is difficult to manage and to coordinate. Analysis also confirmed the ongoing and significant problems to the global automotive supply chain by natural disasters and the consequential economic losses.

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Peterson, C. L., S. Eaton y K. Calame. "Purified mu EBP-E binds to immunoglobulin enhancers and promoters". Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, n.º 11 (noviembre de 1988): 4972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.11.4972-4980.1988.

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We describe the purification to apparent homogeneity of the murine immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) enhancer-binding protein mu EBP-E from murine plasmacytoma cells by ion exchange and affinity chromatography. Glycerol gradient sedimentation, UV cross-linking, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirm that mu EBP-E is a 45-kilodalton molecular mass protein. Orthophenanthroline-copper chemical nuclease footprinting with purified protein has identified high-affinity binding sites for mu EBP-E within the IgH enhancer at the previously identified site E and at sites within IgH promoters and in the kappa light-chain enhancer. Equilibrium binding studies indicate that the dissociation constants for mu EBP-E binding to site E within the enhancer and to a binding site within the V1 heavy-chain promoter are quite low, about 2 x 10(-11) M. Comparison of four mu EBP-E recognition sequences detects only limited sequence similarity among binding sites.

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Peterson, C. L., S. Eaton y K. Calame. "Purified mu EBP-E binds to immunoglobulin enhancers and promoters." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, n.º 11 (noviembre de 1988): 4972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.11.4972.

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We describe the purification to apparent homogeneity of the murine immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) enhancer-binding protein mu EBP-E from murine plasmacytoma cells by ion exchange and affinity chromatography. Glycerol gradient sedimentation, UV cross-linking, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirm that mu EBP-E is a 45-kilodalton molecular mass protein. Orthophenanthroline-copper chemical nuclease footprinting with purified protein has identified high-affinity binding sites for mu EBP-E within the IgH enhancer at the previously identified site E and at sites within IgH promoters and in the kappa light-chain enhancer. Equilibrium binding studies indicate that the dissociation constants for mu EBP-E binding to site E within the enhancer and to a binding site within the V1 heavy-chain promoter are quite low, about 2 x 10(-11) M. Comparison of four mu EBP-E recognition sequences detects only limited sequence similarity among binding sites.

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