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1
Andersson, Torsten N., and Per Milberg. "Weed flora and the relative importance of site, crop, crop rotation, and nitrogen." Weed Science 46, no. 1 (February 1998): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500090135.
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Weed species composition and density were recorded in three identical field experiments established 26 to 30 yr ago in southern Sweden. Each experiment compared three 6-yr crop rotations and four rates of nitrogen application. The rotations differed by having (1) a 2-yr rotational grassland, (2) a 2-yr mixed rotational grassland (legume/grass), or (3) spring wheat followed by fallow. Other crops in the rotations were winter turnip rape, winter wheat, spring oats, and spring barley. Using multivariate analyses, the relative importance of site, crop, crop rotation, and nitrogen application rate on the weed flora was determined. The greatest difference was found between sites, and the second most important factor was crop species. Nitrogen application rate weakly influenced the weed flora, while differences between crop rotations were hardly detectable.
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Plaksina, V. S., and A. N. Astashov. "The effect of rotation length of crop rotations and weather conditions on the productivity of winter wheat." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 53, no. 5 (June 20, 2023): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2023-5-1.
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The results of the study of changes in winter wheat grain yield depending on the rotation length of crop rotations in the Lower Volga region are presented. As a result of 12 years of research (20082019) it was found that the maximum yield was obtained in four- and five-field crop rotations with the inclusion of leguminous crops - 2.73 and 2.79 t/ha, respectively. During the analysis of variance, different effects of growing conditions and rotation length on winter wheat yields were noted. The influence of vegetation conditions accounted for 98.6%. The effect of crop rotation was also significant (0.6%). Winter wheat grain yield significantly depended on the weather conditions, which allowed to fully evaluate the potential of winter wheat - fallow in crop rotations with a short rotation. When winter wheat was cultivated in four- and five-field crop rotations with the inclusion of leguminous crops, the yield increased both in wet and moderately wet years. With HTC greater than 0.9 in the five-field crop rotation the grain yield was 4.40 t/ha, in four-field - 4.31, in three-field - 4.02 t/ha. With HTC of 0.6 to 0.9 in four- and five-field crop rotations, the yield ranged from 2.78-2.84 t/ha, and in three-field crop rotations it was 2.52 t/ha. In dry years, no significant difference in winter wheat yield between crop rotations was found, which ranged from 0.98-1.07 t/ha. It can be concluded that winter wheat cultivation on the second field of short rotational crop rotations on fallow preceding crop in conditions of insufficient moisture is effective.
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Musser, Wesley N., Vickie J. Alexander, Bernard V. Tew, and Doyle A. Smittle. "A Mathematical Programming Model for Vegetable Rotations." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 17, no. 1 (July 1985): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200017180.
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AbstractRotations have historically been used to alleviate pest problems in crop production. This paper considers methods of modeling rotations in linear programming models for Southeastern vegetable production. In such models, entering each possible crop rotation as a separate activity can be burdensome because of the large numbers of possible rotational alternatives. Conventional methodology for double crop rotations reduces the number of activities but must be adapted to accommodate triple crop rotational requirements in vegetable production. This paper demonstrates these methods both for a simple example and an empirical problem with numerous rotation alternatives. While the methods presented in this paper may have computational disadvantages compared to entering each rotation as a separate activity, they do have advantages in model design and data management.
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Holod, R., О. Bilinska, and H. Shubala. "The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe." Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" 1, no. 92 (May 31, 2017): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/zem.92.62-68.
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There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe.
 The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency.
 Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical.
 Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article.
 The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products.
 The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity.
 Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.
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Ghosh, Probir Kumar, Kali Krishna Hazra, Madasur Subbabhat Venkatesh, Chandra Sekhar Praharaj, Narendra Kumar, Chaitanya Prasad Nath, Ummed Singh, and Sati Shankar Singh. "Grain legume inclusion in cereal–cereal rotation increased base crop productivity in the long run." Experimental Agriculture 56, no. 1 (September 10, 2019): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479719000243.
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AbstractSustainability of cereal-based cropping systems remains crucial for food security in South Asia. However, productivity of cereal–cereal rotations has declined in the long run, demonstrating the need for a sustainable alternative. Base crop, that is, common crop in different crop rotations, productivity could be used as a sustainability indicator for the assessment of different long-term crop rotations. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of grain legume inclusion in lowland rice–wheat (R-W) and upland maize–wheat (M-W) rotation on system’s base crop (rice in lowland and wheat in upland crop rotations) productivity and sustainability and also in soil fertility. Mung bean (April–May) inclusion in R-W rotation increased rice grain yield by 10–14%. In upland, mung bean inclusion in M-W rotation increased wheat grain yield by 5–11%. Replacing wheat with chickpea in R-W rotation increased rice grain yield by 5–8%. Increased base crop productivity in legume inclusive rotations was attributed to significant improvement in panicle (rice) or spike (wheat) attributes. Increased soil organic carbon and available nitrogen and phosphorus in the legume inclusive rotations significantly influenced the base crop productivity in both the production systems. Among the crop rotations, R-W-Mb (in lowland) and M-W-Mb (in upland) rotations had the highest system productivity and net return. Therefore, intensification/diversification of cereal–cereal rotations with grain legume could improve soil fertility and sustain crop productivity.
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Higgs, Roger L., Arthur E. Peterson, and William H. Paulson. "Crop Rotations." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 45, no. 1 (January 1990): 68–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224561.1990.12456432.
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KALİMOV, Niyazbek, Konstantin BODRYY, Evgeniya SHİLO, Damir KALDYBAEV, and Mariya BODRAYA. "Impact of tillage and crop rotations on soil organic matter content in Northern Kazakhstan's chernozem soils: A 10-year study (2011-2021)." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE (EJSS) 13, no. 1 (October 25, 2023): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1387017.
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This extensive 10-year study conducted in Northern Kazakhstan investigates the intricate relationship between soil management techniques, crop rotations, and soil organic matter (SOM) content in Chernozem soils, an essential agricultural resource in the region. The experiments were established at the Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station, characterized by a arid continental climate. The study systematically examined the impact of two primary soil management techniques, conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), in combination with various crop rotations. The crop rotations tested included grain-fallow rotations, fruit-exchange crop rotations, and an eight-field fruit-exchange crop rotation. The results provide valuable insights into the sustainable management of Chernozem soils in arid conditions, underscoring the role of crop rotation strategies in preserving SOM content. The findings reveal that among the crop rotations tested, the eight-field fruit-exchange crop rotation exhibited the most favorable outcomes for SOM preservation. This rotation helped maintain relatively stable SOM levels over the 10-year study period, contributing to soil health and fertility. In the context of the region's arid climate, the choice of soil management technique (CT or NT) had a limited impact on SOM content. The stability of SOM levels across diverse crop rotations and years highlights the dominant influence of crop management practices in this distinctive agricultural environment. This research serves as a valuable reference for tailored approaches to ensure soil health and organic matter preservation in the unique conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. It promotes the adoption of diversified crop rotations, with particular emphasis on the effectiveness of the eight-field fruit-exchange crop rotation, as a powerful strategy to mitigate organic matter loss, enhance soil quality, and optimize soil fertility in arid agricultural landscapes. The insights gained from this study are vital for sustainable land management in the region and underscore the importance of region-specific, holistic investigations to guide effective agricultural practices. The findings offer a solid foundation for the development of strategies that address soil health and safeguard the integrity of essential soil resources in these unique environments. The study conducted at the Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station in Northern Kazakhstan between 2011 and 2021 provides critical insights into the relationship between soil management techniques, crop rotations, and SOM content in Chernozem soils. The research suggests that diversified crop rotations, particularly the eight-field fruit-exchange crop rotation, represent a promising approach for mitigating organic matter loss and enhancing soil quality in arid regions.
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Darguza, Madara, and Zinta Gaile. "The Productivity of Crop Rotation Depending on the Included Plants and Soil Tillage." Agriculture 13, no. 9 (September 3, 2023): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091751.
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Crop diversification in rotations is an important part of sustainable crop production. The aim of this research was to analyse soil tillage and crop rotation influence on the yield (t ha−1) of different field crops, their energy yield (GJ ha−1) and the economical profitability (EUR ha−1) of crop rotation. The field trial was conducted in Latvia during four harvest seasons (2017–2020) in a long-term experiment that started in 2009. Three crop rotations with a different share of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) were studied: 100% wheat (repeated sowings), 67% wheat (three-year rotation with winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) and two years following wheat) and 25% wheat (four-year rotation: field bean (Vicia faba)–wheat–winter oilseed rape–spring barley (Hordeum vulgare). Conventional and reduced soil tillage systems were used for rotation variants. Crop rotations “67% wheat” and “25% wheat” ensured significantly higher average wheat grain yields in comparison to “100% wheat”. Wheat and oilseed rape were the most valuable crops in terms of accumulated energy and economic value in this trial. Higher energy yields were gained from variants in the rotations “67% wheat” and “25% wheat”. Average gross profit was higher from crop rotations with diverse crops, mainly due to the positive forecrop effect on winter wheat.
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Lukyanov, V. A., and L. B. Nitchenko. "The effect of crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on economic and energy efficiency indicators when cultivating winter wheat in the Central Blackearth region." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 6 (December 20, 2023): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-89-6-90-98.
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Economic efficiency is an integral method of analyzing agricultural technologies, especially against the rising prices for plant protection products, seeds, fertilizers, and fuels and lubricants. Identification and implementation of the most effective methods of field crops, growing using crop rotation and fertilizers remains an urgent task. The purpose of the current research was to study the effect of crop rotations and doses of mineral fertilizers on productivity of winter wheat grain, to analyze the economic and energy efficiency of its cultivation in the conditions of the Central Blackearth region. The study was carried out in the conditions of the experimental field of the Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center in 2016, 2020. The soil of the experimental plot was typical medium-loamy, medium-humus blackearth (chernozem). The experimental scheme included such factors as grain-fallow-row crop, grain-grass-row crop, and grain-grass rotations; with doses of fertilizers or without fertilizers, N20P40K40 and N40P80K80. The weather conditions for the rotations of the studied crop rotations differed slightly. As a result of the study, there was found that winter wheat grain productivity in grain-grass and grain-grass-row crop rotations was 17.2 and 13.8 % lower than in grain-fallow-row crop rotation. When applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N40P80K80, the largest winter wheat productivity was 4.52 t/ha. The lowest cost of grain was established in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation, which varied from 4.68 to 5.04 thousand rubles/t due to higher yields compared to other studied crop rotations and with a dose of N20P40K40 (4.68, 4.80 and 4.97 thousand rubles/t, respectively for crop rotations). A higher level of profitability of 113.7 % was observed in grain-fallow-row crop rotation with a dose of mineral fertilizers N20P40K40, a dose of N40P80K80 not allowing obtaining a high payback of fertilizers. The energy intensity of production increased with increasing doses of applied fertilizers; its minimum values were determined in grain-fallow-row crop rotation (1.35–2.77 GJ/t). Energy efficiency coefficients when applying a dose of N20P40K40 in crop rotations were higher than when applying N40P80K80.
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Brooks, Steven A., Merle M. Anders, and Kathleen M. Yeater. "Influences from Long-Term Crop Rotation, Soil Tillage, and Fertility on the Severity of Rice Grain Smuts." Plant Disease 95, no. 8 (August 2011): 990–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-10-0689.
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False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) and kernel smut (Neovossia horrida) are diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) that reduce both grain yield and quality. Susceptible rice cultivars are in widespread use on production acreage in the United States, and the effects from crop management practices on smut control are poorly understood. We studied the long-term effects of crop rotation, soil tillage, and fertility level on rice smut severity. The highest levels of false smut observed in this study were on cultivars grown in rotation with soybean, on traditionally tilled soils, with high fertilizer treatments. The highest levels of kernel smut were observed in a rice-soybean rotation with winter wheat grown between summer crops. These rotations are commonly used in rice-growing regions of the southern United States. Using combinations of crop rotation, soil tillage, and fertility rate, several alternative crop-management practices were identified that provided effective control of smuts in susceptible rice cultivars. The most effective method for controlling both false smut and kernel smut was in 3-year rotations of rice, soybean, and corn. Regardless of rotation order or tillage and fertility treatments within the rotations, rotating out of rice for 2 years was the most effective approach for smut control.
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Makukh, Y. Р., Y. I. Tkalich, S. О. Remeniuk, M. V. Buzynnyi, S. М. Senchuk, and О. М. Atamanіuk. "Decrease in fertility of typical chernozem due to long-term anthropogenic pressure in grain-beet crop rotations." Agrology 7, no. 1 (May 9, 2024): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/202404.
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The saturation of sugar beet rotations under different fertilizer application systems and long-term cultivation induces significant changes in soil properties, leading to decreases in humus content, mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The study was conducted in a stationary multifactorial experiment in grain-beet crop rotations: crop rotation, row-crop, and grain-row crop rotations with the application of 40 t/ha of manure under sugar beets + NPK 100:90:90 and a variant without fertilizers. The paper presents the results of monitoring changes in humus content during each rotation, reduction of humus reserves in the plow layer, and physicochemical and agrochemical soil indicators. In the variants without fertilizers, we observed 0.24–0.41% decline in humus content in all crop rotations during 3 rotations of ten-field crop rotations (30 years). Overall, there occurred 0.89–1.00% decrease over 50 years of anthropogenic influence, equivalent to 31.8–35.7 t/ha, or 23.1–26.1% of initial reserves per hectare. Despite application of 40 t/ha of manure + NPK 100:90:90 under sugar beets, humus loss was 27.5 t/ha in the row-crop rotation and 16.8 t/ha in the grain-row crop rotation. Fertilizer application led to increase in exchangeable and hydrolytic soil acidity. With the application of 6.7 t/ha of manure + NPK 53:42:42 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, there was a tendency towards increase in mineral nitrogen content, mobile phosphorus doubled to 280.1–302.8 mg/kg compared to the variant without fertilizers, and exchangeable potassium decreased regardless of the fertilization system, which was associated with its utilization by plants. Sugar-beet yield increased to 44.76 t/ha in the crop-rotation under the organo-mineral-fertilizer application system, exceeding the spring wheat rotation by 4.63 t/ha and the variants without fertilizers by 2.45–2.72 times. Therefore, the modern fertilizer application system under sugar beets did not ensure stabilization of humus content in the soil and increased its acidity. It is necessary to more broadly use cover crops in crop rotations, incorporate crop residues, and apply biological preparations to improve soil fertility.
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Peng, Huanhuan, Jinran Xiong, Jiayi Zhang, Linghui Zhu, Guiyan Wang, Steven Pacenka, and Xiaolin Yang. "Water Requirements and Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of Diversified Crop Rotations in the Huang-Huai Plain." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 28, 2023): 10229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310229.
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An intensified farming system can significantly increase crop productivity but can also cause major groundwater overdraft for irrigation and the loss of crop diversity. It is imperative to develop alternative crop rotations beyond the simplified conventional winter wheat–summer maize (W–M) rotation for alleviating the groundwater over-extraction in China’s Huang-Huai Plain. This study systematically quantified crop water requirement (ETc) and irrigation water requirement (ETaw) of eight crops from 2013 to 2018 based on the SIMETAW model applied to the Shangqiu area in the Huang-Huai Plain. Fourteen crop rotations (CI (i.e., crop harvests per rotation cycle year) 1.5 or 2) were constructed based on the ROTAT model. Results showed that compared to W–M rotation, the alternative rotations (CI = 1.5) significantly reduced the annual ETc in wet, normal, and dry years by 9–21%. Replacing winter wheat in the double cropping system did not significantly decrease annual ETc. Wheat–soybean rotation had similar annual ETc and ETaw accompanied by higher economic output and equivalent yield about 1.2 times, with 9% more protein output than the W–M rotation. There were eight crop rotations having greater comprehensive evaluation index (CEI) than W–M rotation by Entropy-TOPSIS when considering 10 indicators including water requirements, yield, economic benefits, water use efficiency, energy, and nutritional values. Spring potato–summer soybean had the highest CEI of 0.627. Sweet potato and potato showed advantages when included in rotations by increasing yield. “Wheat–soybean”-based rotations (CI = 1.5) also performed well in profitability and protein output. Replacing summer maize with soybean is promising for profitability and nutrition output without increasing irrigation requirements. Therefore, decreasing the cropping index, or involving soybean or sweet potato in rotations can be a useful way to improve sustainable land use, save water, and ensure food products in this water stressed region.
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Jones, M. J., and M. Singh. "Yields of crop dry matter and nitrogen in long-term barley rotation trials at two sites in northern Syria." Journal of Agricultural Science 124, no. 3 (June 1995): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600073354.
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SUMMARYTrials were established at two sites in 1982 to compare six 2-course rotations, in which barley alternated with feed legumes (pure or mixed with barley), fallow or barley, in partial factorial combination with different N and P fertilizer regimes. This paper summarizes data from the second to the seventh cropping seasons.Barley yielded most after fallow and more after legumes than after barley; but, on the basis of total dry matter production over both courses, barley-legume rotations outyielded barley-fallow and barley-barley rotations. In terms of net nitrogen offtake, which may be taken as a rough measure of feed value, barley-legumes surpassed the other rotations by c. 100% at both sites, whether the comparison was made on values obtained from plots with or without added fertilizer. Of the legumes, Lathyrus sativus was slightly more productive than Vicia saliva, and this carried over into the rotational yield of both dry matter and nitrogen. Rotations involving pure legumes were slightly more productive than those involving legume/barley mixtures.Yields of all crops and rotations varied greatly from year to year depending on rainfall. Those of the barley-fallow rotation were much less variable than those of the barley-barley rotation at the wetter site (323±103 mm), with the barley-legume rotation intermediate; but variability was much greater at the drier site (250±79 mm), with much less difference between rotations. Nevertheless, fertilizer use and rotations including legumes gave a significant yield advantage under the driest conditions.
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Demydenko, O. V. "Dynamics of crop yields depending on fertilizer, cultivation method and crop rotation type." Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice, no. 2 (February 8, 2024): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54651/agri.2024.02.05.
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To analyse the series of dynamics of winter wheat, peas, sugar beet, sunflower and soybeans under different types of crop rotation, tillage and fertilization in a long-term stationary experiment. Methods. Statistical analysis (non-parametric statistics, ARIMA method, singular spectral method) in the central part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe. Results. The yield of winter wheat in a crop rotation with peas under systematic ploughing was 4.67–5.15 t/ha, surface tillage interrupted by ploughing for sugar beet – 5.0–5.05 t/ha, with constant surface tillage for all crops in the crop rotation – 4.50–4.64 t/ha. In the crop rotation with perennial grasses, the yield of winter wheat grain was the highest under surface tillage – 4.89–4.95 t/ha, and under no-till and ploughing, the yield of wheat was 4.73 and 4.50 t/ha, which is significantly lower (NIR0.5=0.25) compared to systematic ploughing. The yield of maize in a crop rotation with peas and grasses was the highest under ploughing: 9.45–10.0 t/ha and 11.3 t/ha, respectively. Under no-till tillage, corn grain yields were lower by 1.03 and 0.57 t/ha and 1.7 t/ha, respectively, in crop rotations, and under surface tillage, yields decreased to 8.53–8.85 t/ha. Under moldboardless cultivation, grain yields tended to decrease, but remained within the range of reliable values: yields decreased by 0.76 and 0.57 t/ha or 9.3% and 8.8%; under surface tillage – by 0.86 and 0.92 t/ha or 10.5% and 14.3% (reliable value). Conclusions. The autocorrelation in the series of soybean dynamics in 7–10–seed rotations indicates the absence of trend, and no clearly defined cycles of grain yield changes were found. In crop rotations with a short rotation (3–5 fallow crop rotations), a cycle at lag 4 (3 years) was found at the limit of reliability, and a less pronounced cycle at lag 14 (8 years). On average, for 3–10 crop rotations, yield trends are weakly expressed, and cyclicality is weakly expressed at lags 4 and 14 (3 and 8 years). The autocorrelation function of yield change indicates a high trendiness. The cyclicality is well expressed at lags 11–13 (7–8 years), and the change in the sign of autocorrelation is observed at lag 6 (3–4 years).
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Чибис, Валерий, Valeriy Chibis, Светлана Чибис, Svetlana Chibis, Илья Кутышев, Il'ya Kutyshev, Евгения Фалалеева, and Evgeniya Falaleeva. "ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FIELD CROP ROTATION IN OPTIMIZATION OF OF SOWING AREAS STRUCTURE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 4 (January 18, 2018): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a5f05dc679404.30714646.
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In a long-term places, located on the experimental fields of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk), the schemes of field crop rotations were modernized by introducing oil crops (rapeseed, soybean) into rotation and replacing the repeated wheat crops with barley and oats. Accounting of grain crops productivity and accompanying observations were carried out in three field rotations of different lengths of rotation (four- and five-field) and on permanent sowing. The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The system of agrotechnical measures recommended for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia was applied. The study of predecessors in the cultivation of crops for various purposes was carried out in field experiments using conventional methods. The humus content for rotation in the soil layer of 0-40 cm increased by 0.19% in the crop rotation “rapeseed - wheat spring wheat - barley - soybean - spring wheat”. The largest accumulation of humus (0.83%) was in the rotation “soybean - spring wheat - barley – oats”. During the years of research wheat productivity varied from 0.82 to 2.22 tons per hectare. Wheat was the first crop in all its predecessors to form grains, on average, by 0.3-0.5 tons per hectare, than the second crop. The yield of soybeans in the crop rotation was 1.23-1.78 tons per hectare. The productivity of rapeseed was low, its productivity over the years was 1.31 tons per hectare. Grain-fodder crops (barley, oats) averaged 0.4-0.6 tons per hectare, higher than the spring wheat productivity in the alternating rotation. The maximum yield of grain from a hectare of arable land was noted in the crop-steam rotation and amounted to 1.7 tons. An increase in the yield of feed-protein units was observed in crop rotations saturated with oil crops (rapeseed and soybean) and amounted to 3.4-4.0 tons per hectare. The economic calculation showed that the cultivation of field crops in the rotational crop rotation of “soybean - wheat - barley – oats” increased profitability by 44%, net income - by half, in comparison with the control variant. The obtained materials can be used to develop schemes of field crop rotations for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.
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Maynard, Leigh J., Jayson K. Harper, and Lynn D. Hoffman. "Impact of Risk Preferences on Crop Rotation Choice." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 26, no. 1 (April 1997): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000873.
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Stochastic dominance analysis of five crop rotations using twenty-one years of experimental yield data returned results consistent with Pennsylvania cropping practices. The analysis incorporated yield risk, output price risk, and rotational yield effects. A rotation of two years corn and three years alfalfa hay dominated for approximately risk neutral and risk averse preferences, as did participation in government programs under the 1990 Farm Bill. Crop rotation selection appeared to impact net revenues more than the decision to participate in government programs.
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Gill, Kabal S. "Crop rotations compared with continuous canola and wheat for crop production and fertilizer use over 6 yr." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 1139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0292.
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Local economic, logistic, soil, and weather conditions have made appropriate rotations vary from one area to another. Seed yield and fertilizer use in rotations were compared with continuous cropping for 6 yr in the southeast Peace region of Alberta, Canada. Canola (C) (Brassica napus L.), wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.), pea (P) (Pisum sativum L.), barley (B) (Hordeum vulgare L.), and flax (F) (Linum usitatissimum L.) were grown in 12 treatments [i.e., continuous canola (CC) and wheat (WW) and rotations of W–C, P–W–W, C–W–W, C–C–W, P–C–W, C–P–W, W–B–C, B–W–C, F–W–C, and F–C–W]. Canola yield increased with 1 or 2 yr breaks from canola. Within rotations, there was a trend to lower canola yield on canola stubble compared with other crop stubbles. Wheat yield was generally lower in WW than in rotations. Among rotations, wheat yield tended to be greater on pea stubble compared with canola, wheat, barley, and flax stubbles. Averaged over 2010–2015, the canola yield benefit from rotations was 0.632 Mg ha−1 (19.4%) over CC and the wheat yield benefit from rotations was 0.313 Mg ha−1 (7.2%) over WW. Nitrogen saving was observed when pea was included in rotation.
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Kaipov, Ya Z., Z. R. Sultangazin, and R. L. Akchurin. "The influence of biologized crop rotations on organic matter and agrophysical soil layers in the arid steppe of the Southern Urals." Agrarian science, no. 7 (July 27, 2023): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-372-7-63-68.
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Relevance. The continuing deterioration of the state of agricultural lands and the natural environment in general requires a transition to conservation agriculture, of which biologized crop rotations are a part.The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of biologized crop rotations on the content of organic matter and agrophysical properties of the soil in the arid steppe of the Southern Urals.Methods. Field experiments and laboratory analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The soil of the experimental field is ordinary medium loamy chernozem. The climate is arid. During the years of research, the hydrothermal coefficient was 0.27–0.65. In the experiment, we studied sevenfield biologized crop rotations with four grain fields, two alfalfa fields and pure steam (type I), with five grain fields and two alfalfa fields (type II). As a control, a six-field grain-pair crop rotation was taken. We created food backgrounds: without fertilizers, organic, mineral.Results. It was revealed that biologized crop rotations in the alfalfa link of the first and second years of use accumulate 7.8–9.1 t/ha of crop-root residues in the soil layer 0-40 cm, which is three to seven times more than the grain-pair crop rotation. The increased amount of PKO in biologized crop rotations has a loosening effect on the arable (0–30 cm) and sub-arable (30–40 cm) soil layers. The density of the arable layer is 1.10 g/cm³, the sub — arable layer is 1.05 g/cm³. Accordingly, the indicators of grain — pair crop rotation are 1.12 g/cm³ and 1.12 g/cm³, or 6% more. Biologized crop rotations contained higher moisture reserves in the soil. Spring reserves of productive moisture in the soil layer of 0–100 cm in biologized crop rotations — from 97 to 112 mm for fertilizer backgrounds, which is 8–22 mm more than in the grain-steam crop rotation. Thus, biologized crop rotations in the conditions of the arid steppe of the Southern Urals contribute to the optimization of agrophysical properties and improvement of the water regime of the soil.
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Larkin, Robert P. "Use of Crop Rotations, Cover Crops and Green Manures for Disease Suppression in Potato Cropping Systems." Global Journal of Agricultural Innovation, Research & Development 8 (November 15, 2021): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-9813.2021.08.12.
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Crop rotations and the inclusion of cover crops and green manures are primary tools in the sustainable management of soil-borne diseases in crop production systems. Crop rotations can reduce soil-borne disease through three general mechanisms: (1) serving as a break in the host-pathogen cycle; (2) by altering the soil physical, chemical, or biological characteristics to stimulate microbial activity and diversity; or (3) directly inhibiting pathogens through the release of suppressive or toxic compounds or the enhancement of specific antagonists. Brassicas, sudangrass, and related plant types are disease-suppressive crops well-known for their biofumigation potential but also have other effects on soil microbiology that are important in disease suppression. The efficacy of rotations for reducing soil-borne diseases is dependent on several factors, including crop type, rotation length, rotation sequence, and use of the crop (as full-season rotation, cover crop, or green manure). Years of field research with Brassica and non-Brassica rotation crops in potato cropping systems in Maine have documented the efficacy of Brassica green manures for the reduction of multiple soil-borne diseases. However, they have also indicated that these crops can provide disease control even when not incorporated as green manures and that other non-biofumigant crops (such as barley, ryegrass, and buckwheat) can also be effective in disease suppression. In general, all crops provided better disease control when used as green manure vs. as a cover crop, but the addition of a cover crop can improve control provided by most rotation crops. In long-term cropping system trials, rotations incorporating multiple soil health management practices, such as longer rotations, disease-suppressive rotation crops, cover crops, and green manures, and/or organic amendments have resulted in greater yield and microbial activity and fewer disease problems than standard rotations. These results indicate that improved cropping systems may enhance productivity, sustainability, and economic viability.
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Kaipov, Ya Z., and N. A. Chukbar. "Impact of biologized crop rotations on infestation of crops in arid steppe conditions of Trans-Ural region of Bashkortostan." Agrarian science, no. 5 (June 17, 2022): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-359-5-67-72.
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Relevance. The influence of crop rotations on the infestation of crops has been little studied. А goal was to investigate the influence of biologized crop rotations on infestation of crops in the arid steppe of the Trans-Ural region of Bashkortostan.Methods. The relief of the experimental field is flat, represented by the foothill steppe of the Southern Urals. The soil is black soil, common medium-coal. The climate is arid, with periodically hot summer and moderately cold and little snow winter periods. During the years of experiments (2019–2021), the amount of precipitation for the vegetation period, May — August, averaged 88 mm. Over the past 10–15 years, the aridity and unevenness of the distribution of atmospheric precipitation has noticeably increased, which led to the oppression of field crops and the complication of the fight against weeds.The method of field experimentswas applied. Accounting of infestation was carried by quantitative and weight method. The effect of biologized crop rotations with cereals and alfalfa on the degree ofinfestation of crops compared to traditional grainfallow rotation was evaluated.Results. The infestation of crops in experimental crop rotations depended on the strength of the development of cultivated crops and suppression of weed plants. In the favorable conditions of 2019, weeds developed poorly in well-developed crops, with an amount of 8–10 piece /m2 in biologized crop rotation. In grain-fallow crop rotation, the infestation was 1.2–1.9 times greater. On average over three years at the beginning of the field crop vegetation there are 14–19 piece /m2 weeds in biologized crop rotations, which is 45–56% less than in grain-fallow crop rotation. Before harvesting, the difference in infestation between crop rotations is reduced to 12–29%, but the advantage in reducing infestation in biologized crop rotations remains. In more humidi fied years, fertilizers contribute to a decrease in infestation compared to a back ground without fertilizer. In especially dry years, fertilizers lead to some increase of infestation of crops. Thus, it was found that biologized crop rotations effectively reduce the infestation of crops, regardless of the background of fertilizer.
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Archer, David W., Mark A. Liebig, Donald L. Tanaka, and Krishna P. Pokharel. "Crop diversity effects on productivity and economics: a Northern Great Plains case study." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170518000261.
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AbstractIncreasing crop diversity has been proposed to increase the sustainability of cropping systems. If producers are to adopt these systems, they should also be economically viable. In this study conducted near Mandan, North Dakota, four no-till cropping systems with varying levels of crop diversity were evaluated over a 12-yr period to quantify system effect on crop productivity, input use, production costs, and economic risks and returns. Cropping system treatments included a small grain–fallow rotation (SG–Fallow) and a continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation (Cont SW) as baseline low-diversity rotations, a small grain–winter wheat (T. aestivumL.)–sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) rotation (SG–WW–Sun), a 5-yr rotation (Five Year) and a dynamic rotation (Dynamic). The SG–Fallow rotation was significantly less productive and less profitable on average than the other rotations, as measured by gross returns and net returns, respectively. However, SG–Fallow also used significantly less inputs than the other rotations. Production costs for the Cont SW and SG–WW–Sun rotations showed a significant increasing trend over time, while production costs for the Five Year rotation showed a significantly lower and slight decreasing trend over the period, with cost trends for the SG–Fallow and Dynamic rotations intermediate to these. Net returns tended to increase and relative economic risk tended to decrease as crop diversity increased from SG–Fallow and Cont SW to SG–WW–Sun, Five Year and the Dynamic system. Results from this study suggest that more diverse rotations can maintain or increase crop productivity and enhance economic viability.
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Ball, B. C., I. Bingham, R. M. Rees, C. A. Watson, and A. Litterick. "The role of crop rotations in determining soil structure and crop growth conditions." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85, no. 5 (November 1, 2005): 557–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s04-078.
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Increasing concern about the need to provide high-quality food with minimum environmental impact has led to a new interest in crop rotations as a tool to maintain sustainable crop production. We review the role of rotations in the development and preservation of soil structure. After first introducing the types of rotations in current practice and their impact on yield, we assess how soil and crop management in rotations determines soil structure, and in turn how soil structure influences crop growth and yield. We also briefly consider how soil structure might contribute to other beneficial effects of rotations, namely nutrient cycling and disease suppression. Emphasis is given to the influence of crop choice and, where relevant, interaction with tillage system and avoidance of compaction in the improvement and maintenance of soil structure. Crop rotations profoundly modify the soil environment. The sequence of crops in rotation not only influences the removal of nutrients from a soil, but also the return of crop residues, the development and distribution of biopores and the dynamics of microbial communities. These processes contribute to the development of soil structure. We have identified areas where further research is needed to enable the potential benefits of rotations in the management of soil structure to be fully exploited. These include: improved quantitative linkages between soil structure and crop growth, the consequences to soil structure and nutrient cycling of crop residue incorporation, developing natural disease suppression, amelioration of subsoils by crop roots, the fate of carbon deposited by plant roots in soil and the fate of organic nitrogen in soil. Key words: Organic farming, microbial activity, nutrient cycling, compaction, disease suppression, soil structure
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Langemeier, Michael R., Xiaoyi Fang, and Michael O’Donnell. "Comparison of Long-Run Net Returns of Conventional and Organic Crop Rotations." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 7891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197891.
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This study compares the long-run net returns to land of conventional corn/soybean and corn/soybean/wheat crop rotations to that of an organic corn/soybean/wheat crop rotation. The net returns to land for the organic crop rotation were found to be approximately $68 and $74 per acre higher than those of the conventional corn/soybean and conventional corn/soybean/wheat crop rotations, respectively. Average net return estimates are sensitive to price, yield, and cost assumptions. Organic crop prices would have to drop more than 17.8 percent and organic crop yields would have to drop more than 16.8 percent before the conventional corn/soybean crop rotation was more profitable than the organic corn/soybean/wheat crop rotation. These percentage changes are relatively small compared to the historical relationships between organic and conventional crop prices and yields. A risk model was used to examine the trade-off between expected net returns and downside risk. Converting even a small proportion of acreage to an organic corn/soybean/wheat crop rotation improves net returns and reduces downside risk compared to only utilizing conventional crop rotations.
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Mashchenko, Yu V., I. M. Semeniaka, M. I. Cheriachukin, and O. M. Hryhoreva. "Effectiveness of short-term crop rotations under different fertilization systems in the insufficient moisture zone of the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 6, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0220.
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Topicality. In the condition of insufficient moisture in the Right Bank Steppe of Ukraine, agriculture is associated with weather risks, non-compliance with the appropriate structure of sown areas and fertilization systems, which makes it difficult to obtain high and stable yields of agricultural crops. The development of agricultural systems is the basis for increasing both yield levels and the competitiveness of the agricultural industry as a whole. Aim. To study the influence of fertilization systems on the fertility of ordinary chernozems and crop productivity in biological short-term crop rotations. Methods. Field trial, laboratory, statistical methods. Results. It was found that the field crops of both grain-fallow-row and grain-row crop rotations were formed the highest productivity under high level of fertilization. Under different fertilization systems, it was noted that the productivity of grain-fallow-row crop rotation is higher than grain-row crop rotation by 8.3 t/ha or by 5.6 %. The productivity of both crop rotations was increased by an average of 6.4–7.8 % due to the application of microbial preparations against the background of mineral and organomineral fertilization systems. The content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in all variants of both crop rotations increased due to studied fertilizer rates, but these rates were insufficient to maintain the content of nitrogen and humus at the initial level. In both crop rotations, it was noted that the lowest degree of "burning" humus was on the background of the organomineral fertilizers. When organomineral fertilizers were applied in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation, this indicator was 0.50 % that was 0.06 % less compared to variant with the mineral fertilization and control, and in grain-row crop rotation, this indicator was 0.46 % that was less by 0.11 and 0.06 %, respectively. Conclusions. Profit at the level (on average) of UAH 9114.4/ha was obtained in grain-fallow-row crop rotation, it is more by UAH 1039/ha, or 11.4 % compared to grain-row crop rotation. The advantage was that the predecessor residues in the organomineral fertilizer system was used as organic fertilizer, which have a positive effect on the synthesis of organic matter in the soil, productivity and economic efficiency. Keywords: crop rotations, fertilizers, yield, productivity, soil fertility, economic efficiency.
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Yuan, Ming, Yingdong Bi, Dongwei Han, Ling Wang, Lianxia Wang, Chao Fan, Di Zhang, et al. "Long-Term Corn–Soybean Rotation and Soil Fertilization: Impacts on Yield and Agronomic Traits." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102554.
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Although crop rotations have been widely shown as an effective approach for improving yield or soil quality in the long term, the relationship between crop rotations and quality traits of crop or biochar-based fertilization is still unclear. To address this, we conducted a long-term field experiment in the Heilongjiang province of China to investigate the effects of crop rotation and biochar-based fertilizer application on the crop yield, soil parameters, crop quality, and agronomic traits in 2014–2020. The effects of rotations on crop production and soil properties were evaluated with the average yield variability during the 7 years of this study. Our results showed that the diversified corn and soybean rotations had a significant positive effect on average crop yield compared with their monocultures. The corn yield was enhanced by 0.6 Mg ha−1 (5.4%) in the corn–soybean–corn (CSC) crop sequence compared with monoculture corn. Similarly, soybean yield was enhanced by 0.21 Mg ha−1 (9.7%) in the soybean–corn–corn (SCC) crop sequence compared with monoculture soybean. However, a negative effect of crop rotations was detected on the protein content of soybean compared with the monoculture soybean, while a positive effect was detected on oil content. Additionally, no differences were detected in crop yield between biochar-based fertilization and mineral fertilization treatments, but a significant positive effect of biochar-based fertilization was observed for any crop on both protein and oil content. A significant effect of crop rotation was found on the percentage of total soil N (TN), available soil N (AN), and available soil K (AK) content. The SSS crop sequence treatment illustrated the highest TN values at 0.18%. The CCC crop sequence treatment increased AN and AK content by 9.1% and 7.8%, respectively, compared with SSS (p < 0.05). We conclude that crop rotations increase crop yield and biochar-based fertilizer application, improving crop quality traits in the long term. Thus, the addition of biochar-based fertilizer could efficiently enhance the yield and quality of crop in the rotation cropping system. The findings of this study may provide useful information for designing sustainable cropping systems based on rotations.
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JANZEN, H. H., D. J. MAJOR, and C. W. LINDWALL. "COMPARISON OF CROP ROTATIONS FOR SORGHUM PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-056.
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Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) was evaluated in six rotations under rainfed conditions at the Lethbridge Research Station from 1978 to 1984. The rotations included continuous sorghum, sorghum-fallow, sorghum-barley, sorghum-spring wheat-fallow, sorghum-fallow-spring wheat and sorghum-fallow-winter wheat. The highest total production was achieved with the sorghum-barley rotation. This was followed by the continuous sorghum and sorghum-fallow-winter wheat rotations. The 3-yr rotations were not significantly different from each other but the sorghum-fallow-winter wheat rotation appeared to be the best. The 2-yr rotation, sorghum-fallow, was the least productive. Variability in yields was adequately accounted for by variability in annual rainfall. Water use efficiencies were 1.30 and 1.35 kg m−3 for sorghum and wheat grown on fallow and 1.11 and 1.12 kg m−3 when seeded into stubble. Therefore, it was concluded that sorghum was no more drought-resistant than wheat. Bioassay of soils from the crop rotation study indicated that residual atrazine toxicity should not be a significant limitation to wheat grown in rotation with sorghum. Economically, sorghum was at a disadvantage despite comparable yields in wheat because of its lower price. It was concluded that the inclusion of sorghum in crop rotations in southern Alberta cannot currently be recommended.Key words: Spring wheat, winter wheat, atrazine, adaptation
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Przednowek, D. W. A., M. H. Entz, B. Irvine, D. N. Flaten, and J. R. Thiessen Martens. "Rotational yield and apparent N benefits of grain legumes in southern Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 1093–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-032.
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Knowledge of rotational N benefits of grain legumes can assist in crop rotation planning and N fertilizer management. Four annual grain legumes were tested in Manitoba field trials over 3 yr. Field pea provided the largest and most consistent apparent N benefit to a succeeding wheat crop; soybean provided relatively little N benefit. The apparent N benefits of chickpea and dry bean were inconsistent, although chickpea shows greater potential in dry conditions. Key words: Wheat rotations, N credit, crop rotation
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Kim, Woojin, Moon-Sub Lee, and Jwakyung Sung. "Rice Production and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Diverse Forms of Fertilization in Rice-Based Crop Rotation Systems." Agronomy 14, no. 11 (November 12, 2024): 2663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14112663.
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The rising demand for climate change mitigation has brought attention to agricultural systems focused on carbon farming and reducing emissions. Composting food wastes and livestock manure not only mitigates environmental concerns but also boosts soil fertility and crop yields as an alternative fertilizer. In this experiment, we investigated the effects of different fertilizer types (chemical and organic waste compost) and crop rotations (rice–fallow, rice–Italian ryegrass, and rice–potato) on rice production, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil carbon stocks. In this experiment, soil carbon and nitrogen retention were more influenced by compost nutrient levels than by crop rotation types. Overall, as the nitrogen levels increased, the rice yields improved with both chemical and organic waste fertilizers. Among the crop rotations, the rice–Italian ryegrass rotation showed a higher nitrogen use efficiency. Optimal fertility levels, balancing nitrogen use efficiency, yield, and soil carbon were observed between 523 and 582 kg N ha−1 when combined with specific crop rotations. Moreover, soil total carbon and soil total nitrogen varied among crop rotation systems. Our results indicate that organic waste compost can be a potential alternative to chemical fertilizers, while crop rotations offer a viable approach for maximizing the environmental benefits.
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Kegode, George O., Frank Forcella, and Sharon Clay. "Influence of crop rotation, tillage, and management inputs on weed seed production." Weed Science 47, no. 2 (April 1999): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500091591.
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Approaches to crop production that successfully reduce weed seed production can benefit farming systems by reducing management inputs and costs. A 5-yr rotation study was conducted in order to determine the effects that interactions between crop rotation, tillage, and amount of herbicide and fertilizer (management inputs) have on annual grass and broad-leaved weed seed production and fecundity. There were 10 crop rotation and tillage system combinations and three levels of management inputs (high, medium, and low). Green and yellow foxtail were the major weed species, and together they yielded between 76 and 93% of collected weed seeds. From 1990 to 1994, average grass weed seed productions were 7.3 by 103, 3.7 by 1036.1 by 103and 5.7 by 103seeds m−-2, whereas average broad-leaved weed seed productions were 0.4 by 103, 0.4 by 103, 1.4 by 103, and 0.4 by 103seeds m−-2in crop rotations using conventional tillage (moldboard plow), conservation tillage, no tillage, and ridge tillage, respectively. Crop rotations using conventional or ridge tillage consistently produced more grass and broad-leaved weed seeds, especially in low-input plots. There was little difference in weed seed production among input levels for crop rotations using conservation tillage. Comparing rotations that began and ended with a corn crop revealed that by increasing crop diversity within a rotation while simultaneously reducing the amount of tillage, significantly fewer grass and broad-leaved weed seeds were produced. Among the rotations, grass and broad-leaved weed fecundity were highly variable, but fecundity declined from 1990 to 1994 within each rotation, with a concomitant increase in grass and broad-leaved weed density over the same period. Crop rotation in combination with reduced tillage is an effective way of limiting grass and broad-leaved weed seed production, regardless of the level of management input applied.
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Kozlova, Zoya V., and Vlada V. Kolocheva. "Influence of forage crop rotations on crop yields and phytosanitary conditions of soils in the Baikal region." E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129601004.
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The article considers the practical aspects of ensuring the preservation of natural ecosystems based on the use of organic farming technologies. It presents the results of research in the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region for 2011-2018. On the basis of the phytosanitary state of crops studying analysis, it was found that the correct alternation of crops in crop rotation suppresses the level of weeds, thereby not affecting the productivity of agricultural crops. The paper reveals the characteristics of agrophysical and water properties of gray forest soil, the influence of forage crop rotations with meadow clover on the yield of cultivated crops. According to the research results, the authors found that overseeding of legumes in the fields of forage crop rotations increases the average productivity by 16.6% in comparison with the control option. The influence of the aftereffect of perennial legumes in crop rotations increases the yield of grain fodder and silage crops by 20-31.8%. The crop rotation with two fields of meadow clover (crop rotation No. 3) was determined to be the best for all indicators.
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Jin, Xue, Jian Wang, Dalong Li, Fengzhi Wu, and Xingang Zhou. "Rotations with Indian Mustard and Wild Rocket Suppressed Cucumber Fusarium Wilt Disease and Changed Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities." Microorganisms 7, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7020057.
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Crop monocropping usually results in an enrichment of soil-borne pathogens in soil. Crop rotation is an environmentally friendly method for controlling soil-borne diseases. Plant rhizosphere microorganisms, especially plant-beneficial microorganisms, play a major role in protecting plants from pathogens, but responses of these microorganisms to crop rotation remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of rotations with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) on cucumber Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum Owen (FOC). Cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community composition was analyzed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (an antifungal secondary metabolite) producer and FOC abundances were estimated by real-time PCR. Rotations with Indian mustard and wild rocket suppressed cucumber Fusarium wilt disease and cucumber rhizosphere FOC abundance. Crop rotations increased cucumber rhizosphere bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producer abundances. Moreover, crop rotations changed cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community composition and increased bacterial community diversity. However, crop rotations decreased soil inorganic nitrogen content and inhibited cucumber seedling growth. Overall, rotations with Indian mustard and wild rocket suppressed cucumber Fusarium wilt disease, which might be linked to the increased rhizosphere bacterial diversity and abundances of potential plant-beneficial microorganisms (such as Pseudomonas spp. and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producer).
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Nikitin, V. V., V. D. Solovichenko, and A. P. Karabutov. "THE EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION, TILLAGE TECHNIQUE AND FERTILIZERS ON BARLEY PRODUCTIVITY." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 4 (August 23, 2018): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2018-58-4-3-6.
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According to the trial, started in 1987, the article presents research works made in 1994–2013 dealing with the study of barley productivity during second-fifth rotations of grain-grass row crop rotation and grain row crop rotation grown in blackearth (chernozem) with various tillage technologies and fertilizing. During four rotations on average barley productivity was nearly similar in both crop rotations. According to the trial results, the productive process depends on 0.16% from the types of crop rotations, on 0.12% from tillage technologies, on 25.6% on organic fertilizers and 71.0% from mineral fertilizers. The introduction of mineral fertilizers increases grain yield on 1.04–1.22 t/ha, the introduction of organic fertilizers increases it on 0.73–0.82 t/ha and they are obligatory for grain productivity increase. It has been established that depending on the crop rotations, tillage technologies and fertilizers barley productivity ranged from 2.38 t/ha in the variants without fertilizing to 4.24 t/ha with introduction of NPK100/ha with 16 t/ha of cattle manure.
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Johnston, Russell, Vernon Shattuck, and John Seliga. "THE EFFECTS OF CROP ROTATIONS AND NITROGEN RATES ON PROCESSING TOMATO YIELDS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 622f—622. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.622f.
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The influence of various crop rotations on the marketable yield of processing tomatoes (Lvcopersicon esculentum) in southwestern Ontario was investigated. The study was conducted for three years using nine and eight crop rotations at Leamington and Dresden, respectively. Four rates of nitrogen, 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg/ha were applied to each rotation. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot experimental design. Tomato yields were generally higher at both locations for all rotations compared to continuously grown tomatoes (control). The highest yields were obtained when tomatoes were grown in an alfalfa (Medicago sativa) rotation and rotations involving rye (Secale cereale) or winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Tomato yields from the soybean (Glycine max) rotation and from continuously grown tomatoes were similar. At both locations, yields from continuously grown tomatoes increased with increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Optimal yields for each rotation varied with each individual rate of nitrogen. Tomatoes grown in the alfalfa rotation showed the least response to higher rates of applied nitrogen. Our data indicates that certain crop rotations and nitrogen fertilization rates can be used together to enhance the yield of processing tomatoes.
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Dehtiarova, Z. O. "INFLUENCE OF SHORT-TERM CROP ROTATIONS WITH DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF SUNFLOWER ON SOIL WATER REGIME." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 1 (July 2, 2023): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-349.
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The article analyses the features of water consumption of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations. Presents the results of the 2020‒2021 research carried out in the experimental field of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchaev, located in the area of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The soil cover of the experimental field is represented by typical chernozem heavy loam on loess-like loam. Soil moisture was determined by gravimetric technique. Sunflower water consumption was calculated using the water balance method. The sunflower yield was recorded manually. The purpose of our research was to determine how short-term crop rotations with different sunflower saturation affect the formation of the soil water regime and the yield of the crop itself. The experimental design included five-field crop rotations with sunflower saturation of 0, 20, 40, and 60 %. The control in the experiment was a five-field crop rotation without sunflowers. It was determined that the yield of sunflower seeds depended on the variants and ranged from 3,21 to 3,57 t/ha. The increase in the share of sunflower in crop rotation was accompanied by a decrease in its yield, in particular, due to the deterioration of moisture supply. Soil moisture consumption was the highest in crop rotation with sunflower saturation of 60 % (2969 m3/ha). Against the background of reducing the share of sunflower to 40 and 20%, moisture consumption was 2713 and 2824 m3/ha. The water consumption coefficient was high due to an increase in the share of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations. It was determined that in crop rotation with sunflower saturation of 40 % the coefficient of water consumption was the lowest. At the same time, this variant has the highest yield of sunflower seeds (3,57 t/ha). Increasing the saturation of short-term crop rotations with sunflowers up to 60 % should occur under conditions of the high culture of agriculture. Therefore, ways of efficient use of soil moisture to increase the yield of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations are being developed.
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Dehtiarova, Zinaida, Mykola Shevchenko, Yurii Dehtiarov, and Victor Budyonny. "The efficiency of short-term crop rotations with different sunflower saturation." Scientific horizons 27, no. 12 (October 13, 2024): 47–55. https://doi.org/10.48077/scihor12.2024.47.
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The study aimed to determine short-term crop rotations’ economic and energy efficiency with varying sunflower saturation. The economic and energy efficiency of crop rotations saturated with sunflower under the conditions of the Left-Bank ForestSteppe region of Ukraine was calculated using technological maps and prices as of 2024. The study employed the following methods: bibliometric analysis – a review of other researchers’ findings on the economic and energy efficiency of sunflower cultivation; grouping – an assessment of the economic and energy effects of varying sunflower saturation in crop rotations; and monographic – the generalisation of the results. The optimum sunflower share in crop rotations was found to be 20% and 40%, at which the production cost remained consistently high at 1,218.0-1,240.8 USD/t. Increasing the sunflower share to 60% led to a decline in the production cost, not only for other crops but also for the sunflower itself. This negatively impacted overall price stability, reducing crop competitiveness and the economic efficiency of crop rotations. Winter rye exhibited the lowest production costs among all crops, regardless of the crop rotation, at 268.9- 321.1 USD/ha. The production costs of soybeans and winter wheat remained stable irrespective of sunflower share, at 413.5 USD and 553.7 USD, respectively, indicating their adaptability. A 20% sunflower share in the crop rotation exhibited the highest energy intensity at 63,348 MJ/ha, while a 60% saturation slightly reduced this figure to 63,279 MJ/ha. However, the 60% sunflower saturation resulted in lower energy consumption compared to other crop rotation options, at 30,293 MJ. These findings indicate the high efficiency of crop rotations with a 60% sunflower share, as evidenced by the energy efficiency ratio of 2.65. As a result of implementing the optimised crop rotation system across 78.9 hectares, sunflower seed yields increased by 0.16 t/ha compared to traditional practices. This improvement led to an additional 1,046 UAH/ha in net profit and a 25.6% increase in production profitability
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Azizov, Zakiulla Mtyullovich, Vladimir Viktorovich Arkhipov, and Ildar Garifullovich Imashev. "Efficiency of grain production in crop rotations of the dry steppe of the Lower Volga region." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i2pp4-8.
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The analysis of the influence of species and the fullness of crop rotations on the productivity and efficiency of grain crops is given. It was revealed that the highest grain yield is observed in a 4-field grain-fallow crop rotation. The absence of a field of late spring crops (millet) in 2- and 3-field crop rotations reduces grain yield in comparison with 4- and 7-field crops, both on average over 28 years (1991-2018), and in wet and middle years. The bioenergy coefficient, judging by the costs and grain yield, was highest in a 2-field grain-fallow crop rotation (4.94), then in a 4-field rotation (4.60), then in decreasing order: 7-field (3.86) and 3- field (3.73). In calculating the costs of labor, fuel and energy per 1 ton of grain from arable land, the lowest indicators were obtained in 2-field and 4-field crop rotations. It has been established that in terms of production costs per hectare of arable land, the cost of production of 1 ton of grain, conditionally net income per hectare of arable land, the level of profitability, the leading place is occupied by a 2-field grain-fallow crop rotation. For example, the lowest production costs were noted in a 2-field grain-fallow crop rotation (7782.00 rubles), the highest - in a 7-field (13835.56 rubles). Hence, the lowest production cost of 1 ton of grain was obtained in a 2-field crop rotation, amounting to 5598.56 rubles, followed by a 4-field crop rotation with millet - 7392.66 rubles. And according to the level of profitability, as mentioned above, grain-fallow crop rotations are arranged in decreasing order with the advantage of a 2-field crop rotation in the following order: two-, four-, three- and seven-field - respectively 116.1; 53.2; 48.2 and 37.0 %.
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Kozlova, Zoya, Lyubov' Matais, and Ol'ga Glushkova. "INFLUENCE OF FODDER CROP ROTATIONS ON CROP CONFERENCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN BAIKAL REGION." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-20-24.
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The research was carried out in Irkutsk region in 2011–2014. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of forage crop rotations on the degree of weediness of fields and the yield of forage crops. The objects of research are three forage crop rotations: one control without perennial legumes (meadow clover) and two with meadow clover in the structure of sown areas of 20 and 40%. The soil of the experimental site is gray forest heavy loamy, with the following characteristics: salt extract pH 4.7 ... 4.9, humus content 4.5 ... 4.8%, mobile phosphorus - 160 mg/kg, potassium - 130 mg/kg. The least amount of weeds in the experiment was in variants with perennial leguminous grasses (7 ... 9 pcs/m2), which ensured an increase in yield by crop rotation on average for 4 years of research by 14 ... 19%. The most contaminated was the control crop rotation. The greatest number of weeds in this crop rotation was noted in the crops of corn and pea-oat mixture - 5 ... 12 pcs/m2. Of the juvenile weeds, mainly gray mice (Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.), wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), of perennial weeds, yellow sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) and field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) prevailed. Weediness of crops did not have a significant effect on the yield of forage crops in the links of crop rotations. Among the five-field crop rotations, the highest productivity was observed in the variant with two fields of meadow clover (2.5 thousand fodder units/ha) with the content of digestible protein in 1 fodder unit 99.1 g
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Dyck, Miles F., and Dick Puurveen. "Long-term rotation impacts soil total macronutrient levels and wheat response to applied nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur in a Luvisolic soil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 100, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0155.
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Over the last 20–30 yr, increased intensification and diversity of crop rotations, along with increasingly higher yielding crop cultivars on the Northern Great Plains, has increased nutrient removal from cropping systems, but also increased crop residues returned to the soil, affecting soil nutrient cycling, soil carbon (C) and nutrient balances. The University of Alberta Breton Classical Plots, established in 1929, consist of two crop rotations of varying diversity and intensity: (1) wheat–fallow (WF); and (2) 5 yr, cereal–forage. Superimposed on these rotations are eight fertility treatments, including a check (control), manure, balanced (NPKS), and nutrient exclusion treatments. Soil total C, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) levels were measured on soil samples (0–15 cm) collected from both rotations in 2013. Wheat yields and N uptake for the 2007–2018 growing seasons from both rotations were compared. In the 5 yr rotation, soil total C, N, and S, wheat yield and wheat N uptake were greater than the WF rotation. Soil total P levels were not different between the two rotations, but soil total K was higher in the WF rotation. Despite higher soil S and comparable soil P, wheat yield and N uptake response to applied P and S was greater in the 5 yr rotation compared with the WF rotation. Response to applied N in the 5 yr rotation was muted because of significant inputs of biologically fixed N. Wheat also responded to applied K in the 5 yr rotation. These results highlight the need to replace exported nutrients.
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Laamrani, Ahmed, Paul R. Voroney, Aaron A. Berg, Adam W. Gillespie, Michael March, Bill Deen, and Ralph C. Martin. "Temporal Change of Soil Carbon on a Long-Term Experimental Site with Variable Crop Rotations and Tillage Systems." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060840.
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The impacts of tillage practices and crop rotations are fundamental factors influencing changes in the soil carbon, and thus the sustainability of agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to compare soil carbon status and temporal changes in topsoil from different 4 year rotations and tillage treatments (i.e., no-till and conventional tillage). Rotation systems were primarily corn and soy-based and included cereal and alfalfa phases along with red clover cover crops. In 2018, soil samples were collected from a silty-loam topsoil (0–15 cm) from the 36 year long-term experiment site in southern Ontario, Canada. Total carbon (TC) contents of each sample were determined in the laboratory using combustion methods and comparisons were made between treatments using current and archived samples (i.e., 20 year and 9 year change, respectively) for selected crop rotations. Overall, TC concentrations were significantly higher for no-till compared with conventional tillage practices, regardless of the crop rotations employed. With regard to crop rotation, the highest TC concentrations were recorded in corn–corn–oats–barley (CCOB) rotations with red clover cover crop in both cereal phases. TC contents were, in descending order, found in corn–corn–alfalfa–alfalfa (CCAA), corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW) with 1 year of seeded red clover, and corn–corn–corn–corn (CCCC). The lowest TC concentrations were observed in the corn–corn–soybean–soybean (CCSS) and corn–corn–oats–barley (CCOB) rotations without use of cover crops, and corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW). We found that (i) crop rotation varieties that include two consecutive years of soybean had consistently lower TC concentrations compared with the remaining rotations; (ii) TC for all the investigated plots (no-till and/or tilled) increased over the 9 year and 20 year period; (iii) the no-tilled CCOB rotation with 2 years of cover crop showed the highest increase of TC content over the 20 year change period time; and (iv) interestingly, the no-till continuous corn (CCCC) rotation had higher TC than the soybean–soybean–corn–corn (SSCC) and corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW). We concluded that conservation tillage (i.e., no-till) and incorporation of a cover crop into crop rotations had a positive effect in the accumulation of TC topsoil concentrations and could be suitable management practices to promote soil fertility and sustainability in our agricultural soils.
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Wortman, Sam E., John L. Lindquist, Milton J. Haar, and Charles A. Francis. "Increased weed diversity, density and above-ground biomass in long-term organic crop rotations." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 25, no. 4 (June 18, 2010): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174217051000030x.
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AbstractWhile weed management is consistently a top priority among farmers, there is also growing concern for the conservation of biodiversity. Maintaining diverse weed communities below bioeconomic thresholds may provide ecosystem services for the crop and the surrounding ecosystem. This study was conducted to determine if weed diversity, density and biomass differ within and among organic and conventional crop rotations. In 2007 and 2008, we sampled weed communities in four long-term crop rotations near Mead, Nebraska using seedbank analyses (elutriation and greenhouse emergence) and above-ground biomass sampling. Two conventional crop rotations consisted of a corn (Zea mays) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)–soybean (Glycine max)–sorghum or corn–soybean sequence and a diversified corn or sorghum–sorghum or corn–soybean–wheat (Triticum aestivum) sequence. Two organic rotations consisted of an animal manure-based soybean–corn or sorghum–soybean–wheat sequence and a green manure-based alfalfa (Medicago sativa)–alfalfa–corn or sorghum–wheat sequence. Species diversity of the weed seedbank and the above-ground weed community, as determined by the Shannon diversity index, were greatest in the organic green manure rotation. Averaged across all sampling methods and years, the weed diversity index of the organic green manure rotation was 1.07, followed by the organic animal manure (0.78), diversified conventional (0.76) and conventional (0.66) rotations. The broadleaf weed seedbank density in the tillage layer of the organic animal manure rotation was 1.4×, 3.1× and 5.1× greater than the organic green manure, diversified conventional and conventional rotations, respectively. The grass weed seedbank density in the tillage layer of the organic green manure rotation was 2.0×, 6.1× and 6.4× greater than the organic animal manure, diversified conventional and conventional rotations, respectively. The above-ground weed biomass was generally greatest in the organic rotations. The broadleaf weed biomass in sorghum and wheat did not differ between organic and conventional rotations (CRs), but grass weed biomass was greater in organic compared to CRs for all crops. The above-ground weed biomass did not differ within CRs, and within organic rotations the grass weed biomass was generally greatest in the organic green manure rotation. The weed seedbank and above-ground weed communities that have accumulated in these rotations throughout the experiment suggest a need for greater management in long-term organic rotations that primarily include annual crops. However, results suggest that including a perennial forage crop in organic rotations may reduce broadleaf weed seedbank populations and increase weed diversity.
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Shevchenko, M. S., L. M. Decyatnik, and K. A. Derevenets-Shevchenko. "Modern systems of agriculture and a new interpretation of crop rotation value of agricultural crops." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 4, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0141.
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Based on a broad experimental study of crop rotation productivity in different locations of the Steppe zone, a correlative model for estimating the role of predecessors in the formation of post-crop yields has been developed. The connection between quality of agrotechnologies and change of degree of crop rotation competitiveness of culture is presented. A retrospective analysis of the efficiency of farming and crop rotation systems showed that the constant improvement of varieties and hybrids of crops and technologies for their cultivation created objective agrobiological grounds for reassessment of predecessors in crop rotation. The main motive for this transformation was that in modern agricultural systems, high-potential biotechnological resources allow to obtain higher crop yields on the worst predecessors than on the best in the past. In order to universalize the evaluation of crop rotation efficiency and model their productivity, it is proposed to introduce a crop rotation depression coefficient, which shows the share of yield remaining after individual predecessors compared to its baseline level after black fallow. The most favorable conditions developed after crops with a coefficient above 0,80 – winter wheat, barley, rape, rye, spring barley, oats. At the same time, the development of post-rotational crops was significantly inhibited by sunflower, corn for grain and silage, beets, sorghum and soybeans, their depression coef-ficient was 0,66–0,78. The proposed methodology of system analysis for the assessment of predecessors opens wider opportunities for the formation of adapted crop rotations, optimization the set of crops to market requirements, formation important adjustments to crop rotations in extreme conditions, regulation crop rotation productivity taking into account agrotechnological modernization. Keywords: crop rotation, tillage, fertilizers, crops, grain, predecessors, harvest, minimization.
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Ram, Basta, Ajeet Pratap Singh, Veer Singh, Navneet Pareek, and Poonam Gautam. "Long term effect of different crop rotations on soil physical properties in a Mollisol." Journal of Phytopharmacology 11, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11102.
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The present study was conducted for the study about the effect of different rotations on physical properties in a Mollisol. The study area was located at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, which lies at 290N latitude, 790 3’ E longitude and 243.84 m above the mean sea level altitude. The crop rotation selected for study were T1 (Rice- Wheat-Fallow) T2 (Rice- Vegetable pea- Summer Rice) T3 (Maize- Wheat- Cowpea) T4 (RiceWheat- Sesbania) T5 (Maize- Toria- Urd) T6 (Rice- Yellow Sarson- Grain Cowpea) T7 (Multi-Cut Sorghum- Barseem + Oat- Maize + Cowpea) T8 (Napier + Fodder cowpea- Barseem- Fodder cowpea) T9 (Basmati rice- Potato- Maize Cob) T10 (Maize- Broccoli- Okra) T11 (fallow (uncultivated land)). The soil sample was collected from 20cm depth for the study of soil physical properties (soil color, soil texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, and water holding capacity). Among the different crop rotations, T4 treatment was obtained a significantly high value (except bulk density) of soil texture, particle density, porosity, and water holding capacity. T11 (except bulk density) treatment was obtained a significantly lowest value of soil texture, particle density, porosity and water holding capacity Results indicated that soil under Sesbania rotation was found superior with respect to soil physical properties followed by other crop rotation and the uncultivated land. By taking a crop for a long time on same and using chemical fertilizers that are decrease of soil physical properties. Therefore, in this experiment taking different crop rotations. under the different crop rotations, soil physical properties influenced positively and especially the green manure cycle has had the greatest positive impact. According to experimental data concluded that incorporation of green manure crop rotations was effect more positive an effect on soil physical properties. Crop rotations and green manure crops are improved soil physical properties and soil health.
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Leach, Megan, Paula Agudelo, and Amy Lawton-Rauh. "Effect of Crop Rotations on Rotylenchulus reniformis Population Structure." Plant Disease 96, no. 1 (January 2012): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-11-0131.
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Rotylenchulus reniformis is a highly variable nematode species and an economically important pest in many cotton fields across the south-eastern United States. Rotation with resistant or poor host crops is a method for management of reniform nematode. We studied the effect of six planting schemes covering four 120-day planting cycles on the predominant genotype of R. reniformis. Rotations used were: (i) cotton to corn; (ii) susceptible soybean to corn; (iii) resistant soybean to cotton; (iv) corn to cotton; (v) continuous susceptible soybean; (vi) continuous cotton. After each 120-day cycle, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) produced from four primer pairs were used to determine the effect of crop rotation on the predominant genotype of reniform nematode. A total of 279 polymorphic bands were scored using four primer combinations. Distinct changes in genotype composition were observed following rotations with resistant soybean or corn. Rotations involving soybean (susceptible and resistant) had the greatest effect on population structure. The characterization of field population variability of reniform nematode and of population responses to host plants used in rotations can help extend the durability of resistant varieties and can help identify effective rotation schemes.
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Costa, Marcela Porto, David Chadwick, Sophie Saget, Robert M. Rees, Michael Williams, and David Styles. "Representing crop rotations in life cycle assessment: a review of legume LCA studies." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, no. 10 (August 22, 2020): 1942–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01812-x.
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Abstract Purpose There is an imperative to accurately assess the environmental sustainability of crop system interventions in the context of food security and climate change. Previous studies have indicated that the incorporation of legumes into cereal rotations could reduce overall environmental burdens from cropping systems. However, most life cycle assessment (LCA) studies focus on individual crops and miss environmental consequences of inter-annual crop sequence and nutrient cycling effects. This review investigates state-of-the-art representation of inter-crop rotation effects within legume LCA studies. Methods A literature review was undertaken, starting with a search for all peer-reviewed articles with combinations of ‘LCA’, ‘legumes’ and ‘rotations’ or synonyms thereof. In total, 3180 articles were obtained. Articles were screened for compliance with all of the following requirements: (i) reporting results based on LCA or life cycle inventory methodology; (ii) inclusion of (a) legume(s); (iii) the legume(s) is/are analysed within the context of a wider cropping system (i.e. rotation or intercropping). Seventy articles satisfying these requirements were analysed. Results and discussion We identified three broad approaches to legume LCA. Most studies involved simple attributional LCA disregarding important interactions across years and crops in rotations. N-fertilizer reduction through legume residue N carryover is either disregarded or the benefit is attributed to the following crop in such studies, whilst N leaching burdens from residues are usually attributed to the legume crop. Some studies applied robust allocation approaches and/or complex functional units to enable analysis of entire rotation sequences, accounting for nutrient cycling and break crop effects. Finally, a few studies applied consequential LCA to identify downstream substitution effects, though these studies did not simultaneously account for agronomic effects of rotational sequence changes. Conclusions We recommend that LCA studies for legume cropping systems should (i) evaluate entire rotations; (ii) represent nitrogen and ideally carbon cycling; (iii) for attributional studies, define at least two functional units, where one should encompass the multifunctional outputs of an entire rotation and the other should enable product footprints to be calculated; (iv) for CLCA studies, account for both agronomic changes in rotations and markets effects; (v) include impact categories that reflect hotspots for agricultural production.
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Tsymbal, Ya S., P. I. Boiko, I. V. Martyniuk, T. R. Kalchun, L. P. Yakymenko, and M. V. Bakumova. "Productivity of spring wheat in various crop rotations under organo-mineral fertilizer in the conditions of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe." Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice, no. 2 (February 24, 2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54651/agri.2023.02.03.
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Aim.The purpose of the research is to determine the influence of the structure, recruitment and placement of field crops in different crop rotations on the general productivity, yield and quality of spring wheat in particular. The study was carried out in the subzone of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozem of the Panfil Research Station of the NSC «IA NAAS». Methods.The technology of growing agricultural crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. Chemical plant protection agents were used for the production of competitive marketable products of spring wheat. Results.The results of research conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, which was established in 2001, on the study of crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, convincingly indicate that during the 2016–2020 research period, a 6-field crop rotation turned out to be the most rational in this subzone saturated with spring wheat by 16,7% (buckwheat – winter wheat – soybean – spring wheat – winter rye – spring barley) under the organo-mineral intensification system (predecessor by-products + N60P60K60).Conclusions. The grain yield of spring wheat, which was grown after soybeans, sunflower and winter triticale, as predecessors, with crop rotation saturation from 12,5% to 16,7% and the corresponding set of crop rotations, was in the range of: 4,43–5,14 t/ha, while the protein content in the grain was at the level of 11,5–13,1%. The economic efficiency of growing spring wheat in the structure of different rotational crop rotations is: conditionally net profit – 8,92–12,49 thousand UAH/ha at the level of profitability – 67–94%.
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Azizov, Zakiulla Mtyullovich, Vladimir Viktorovich Arkhipov, and Ildar Garifullovich Imashev. "The change in grain yield by rotation of crop rotations of the chernozem steppe of the Lower Volga region." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i6pp4-8.
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The influence of rotation length and fullness of grain – fallow crop rotations with a different set of biological groups (biogroupps) - winter, early spring and late spring crops on the yield of grain crops and grain yield from 1 hectare (ha) of arable land in the chernozem steppe of the Saratov Right Bank is analyzed, based on calculations for 4-field - 8 rotations, starting from 1989 and ending in 2020 (2-field - 16 rotations, 3-field - 10). It was revealed that the highest grain yield of 1.63 tons (t) from 1 ha of arable land, both on average for 32 years (1989-2020), and (1.82 t / ha) in the first-fourth (1989-2004) and (1.44 t/ha) of the fifth-eighth rotations (2005-2020), is observed in the 4-field grain – fallow crop rotation with a set of biogroupps-winter, spring early and late. The absence of a field of spring late crop (millet) in the 2 - and 3-field crop rotations reduces the grain yield by 0.11 and 0.30 t/ha, respectively, in comparison with the 4-field, both on average for all years, and by 0.22 and 0.28 t/ha in the first-fourth and by 0.20 and 0.32 t/ha in the fifth-eighth rotations. During the transition from the first-fourth rotation to the fifth-eighth, a significant decrease in the yield of field crops was established: winter wheat in the 3-field crop rotation by 0.87 t/ha or 26.6 %, 2-field by 0.72 t/ha or 22.4% and 4-field by 0.70 t/ha or 21.8 %; millet by 0.43 t/ha or 16.3 %, spring hard by 0.40 t/ha or 29.6 %, soft by 0.35 t/ha or 24.6 %. In all three spring crops, the yield reduction is 2.0 times lower than that of winter wheat. In general, according to crop rotations, the yield of winter wheat, both for the entire period of research, and in the first-fourth, fifth-eighth rotation, fluctuated within limited of the error of the experiment.
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Khripunov, A. I., and E. N. Obshchiya. "Productivity of grain crop rotations in the landscape conditions of the Central Ciscaucasia." Agrarian science, no. 7-8 (September 24, 2021): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-351-7-8-89-92.
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Increasing the yield of the most profitable field crops and their placement in crop rotations is an urgent problem of agriculture. The purpose of the studies is to study the productivity of grain crop rotations with various saturation of winter wheat on various power backgrounds and landscape taxons in the zone of unstable moisturizing of the Stavropol Territory. Productivity of grain crop rotations depends on the developing weather conditions, the introduction of mineral fertilizers, saturation of crop rotations with winter wheat and location in the relief. The maximum yield of grain units was observed in crop rotations with winter crops. In crop rotation with a spring barley, they were collected by 3.5–4.2 с less. The use of fertilizers increased the collection of grain units on average by 4.9–6.1 c/ha. On the outskirts of the placard (A1) due to lower soil fertility the minimum collection of grain units was obtained (20.2 с). On average (A2) and lower (A3) slopes their fee increased by 11.7 c, or 57.9%, and by 14.5 c, or 71.8%. In the first crop rotation with 60% saturation of winter wheat the maximum yield of the grain of this culture was obtained. In the second and third crop rotation with 40% grain saturation wasassembled by 6.2–6.3 c less. Putting fertilizers in a dose of N40P40K40 increased the grain collection in the first crop rotation by 4.1, in the second — by 2.2 and in the third — by2.4 c, and according to taxons: on A1 — by1.4,on A2 — by3.6 and onA3 — by 3.8 c. According to the landscape taxons, the release of grain of winter wheat differed at 7.9–10.2 c with the maximum value on the lower slope. Upon the exit of the grain and feed units on all power backgrounds, 1st and 3rd crop turns were leading, and in the exit of the grain of winter wheat — crop rotation with 3 fields of winter wheat.
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Stevenson, F. Craig, and Adrian M. Johnston. "Annual broadleaf crop frequency and residual weed populations in Saskatchewan Parkland." Weed Science 47, no. 2 (April 1999): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500091633.
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The development of problematic weed populations is a concern in western Canadian fields where canola and pea are grown in a 4-yr sequence with spring cereal grains. Weed densities were examined at a site near Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1994 to 1997 in seven zero-till managed crop rotations. Four rotations that included canola, pea, or flax in at least 3 of 4 yr (HBF: high broadleaf–crop frequency) were compared with three rotations that included broadleaf crops grown in 2 of 4 yr (LBF: low broadleaf–crop frequency). Spring wheat and barley were the cereal crops in rotation. Residual (postherbicide application) weed density for each weed species in a given year was summed across all phases for each rotation to reflect the overall weed infestation. Four annual broadleaf weed species were most abundant in 1996 and a second group of three species, having a variety of reproductive strategies, became progressively less abundant as the study progressed. The difference between the HBF and LBF rotations for the density of these species varied and was most prominent in years when environmental conditions were conducive for their growth. More frequent applications of ethafluralin, with its residual weed control, best explained why wild oat and catchweed bedstraw generally were less abundant in the HBF rotations. Of particular interest was the 8 plants m−-2greater density of dandelion and perennial sowthistle in the HBF vs. LBF rotations in the last year of the study. It is thought that the limited herbicide options for the control of these species could present a future problem if they continued to develop in the HBF rotations. Differences in herbicide use between the HBF and LBF rotations were considered the primary factor controlling the rotation effects on weed density.
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Gureev, I. I., A. V. Gostev, V. A. Lukiyanov, S. V. Khlyupina, and I. A. Prushchik. "Agroecological estimation of the effect of crop rotation and mineral fertilizers on productivity and quality of spring barley grain in the Central Blackearth region of Russia." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 5 (November 13, 2024): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2024-94-5-78-87.
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The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of crop rotations and doses of mineral fertilizers on productivity, grain quality of spring barley and fertility of typical chernozem in the Central Сhernozem Region (CBR). The study was conducted in a multifactorial trial located on the watershed plateau of the research and production department No. 2 of the Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center in 2018 and 2022. The soil of the experimental plot was typical medium-loamy chernozem, with 5.9 % of humus. There have been studied such factors as grain-fallow-row and grain-grass-row crop rotations; with fertilizer doses and no fertilizers, N30Р30К30, N60Р60К60. The highest biological productivity of spring barley up to 5.99 t/ha was identified in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation with the dose of N60Р60К60. However, the presence of perennial leguminous grasses in the grain-grass-row crop rotation contributed to a smaller decrease in humus, the maximum loss of which in it was 0.14 %, which was 0.02 % lower than in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation. The trends of agroecological effect of crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on the indicators of spring barley grain production were estimated with a digital method, namely the Harrington desirability function. There has been established an “acceptable, satisfactory” effect of crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on the studied indicators (di = 0.50), but in relation to individual indicators of grain production, the level of effect of crop rotations varies significantly from di = 0.12 “completely unacceptable” to di = 0.83 “most acceptable”. The ecological properties of crop rotation are manifested in the estimation of its effect on the humus content in the soil: “acceptable, satisfactory” (di = 0.38–0.52). The comprehensive estimation of the effect of mineral fertilizers for most indicators has increased proportionally to their dose, reaching di = 0.49–0.65, which indicates their “acceptable, satisfactory” effect.
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Mamiev, Dmitry Mairbekovich. "CROP ROTATIONS IN ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPE FARMING SYSTEMS." SCIENTIFIC LIFE 19, no. 4 (2024): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2024-19-4-607-612.
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For new generation farming systems, crop rotations are developed taking into account the agronomically expedient placement of crops according to their predecessors, the timing of return to the field during rotation, the adaptability of crops to specific soil and climatic conditions, as well as the biological and man-made possibility of obtaining the greatest agronomic and economic effect. The aim of the research was to study various types of crop rotations in the foothills, which ensure an increase in soil fertility and crop yields. According to all the studied parameters, the advantage was the grain–grass crop rotation with the two-year use of perennial grasses, where there was a positive change in humus in the soil, at the initial - 5.93–6.01 to 5.98–6.05%, the soil structure improved - the structural coefficient increased from 2.8 to 3.6, and in the grain crop rotation - from 2.5 to 3.2. The influence of perennial The effect on the water resistance of structural aggregates is up to 58%, and in grain cultivation it is 2.5–5.1% lower. In terms of productivity and product quality, the grain-grass crop rotation had an advantage, where the yields of the main crops were higher than in the grain crop rotation. The grain yield of winter wheat in the grain-grass crop rotation was higher by 2.5–3.8 c/ha, corn - by 3.7–5.6 c/ha and potatoes - by 18-26 c/ha. The profit from growing with two or three sloping use of perennial grasses reaches 10.1-13.8 thousand, corn grains by 11.7-15.2 thousand, winter wheat by 13.0-15.5 thousand, and potatoes by 30-38 thousand rubles/ha. The energy efficiency of crop rotations is quite high. The best indicators of exchange energy are provided by the grass-field crop rotation, due to higher yields of grain, potatoes and perennial grasses, where energy efficiency indicators were 5.4–9.5, in grain cultivation - 4.6-8.5 J from 1 ha.