Tesis sobre el tema "Croisades – Moyen âge"
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Bramoullé, David. "Les Fatimides et la mer (341-567/953-1171) : du rêve mystique à l'empire du large". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010635.
Texto completoProuteau, Nicolas. "Bâtisseurs, ingénieurs et fortifications au temps des Croisades : contribution à l'étude des échanges entre Orient et Occident (XIIe-XIIIe siècles)". Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20078.
Texto completoThis research focus on the rule played by architects and engineers in the circulation of techniques and armaments throughout the Mediterranean Sea during the Crusades. Various comparisons with Western context are proposed in order to provide new perspectives on the interchangings process and networks. Firstly, the functions and socio-economic status of Western, Frankish or Arabic technicians are described. Building and siege technics are thorougly described in a second part. Thirdly, the thesis insists on the mecanisms of borrowings and acculturation. Kings and sultans retained specialised prisonners and recruited engineers-mercenaries. They considered defence-exhibition and mechanical knowledge as keystones of their fortress-policies. Fortification in the age of the Crusades became rapidly a workshop of innovations and the witness of a complex canvas of technical interchangings between East and West
Hélary, Xavier. "L'ost de France : la guerre, les armées, la société politique au royaume de France (fin du règne de saint Louis-fin du règne de Philippe le Bel)". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040218.
Texto completoThe transformation of war in the end of the XIIIth century leads to the occupation for a long time of hostile areas (Aquitaine, Flandre). The heart of the study deals with the recruiting, the composition and the financing of the armies gathered by three French kings : saint Louis, at the end of his reign, Philippe III and Philippe IV. The most important idea insists on the transition from a feudal army to a payed one. The expenses explose, so that it is necessary to create new taxes and extraordinary incomes. Under Philip the Fair's reign, war lasts for long years : which part have, in political society, " warriors " ? Through the case of Robert, count of Artois, it is possible de show that such men acted the leading role, as much as the légistes
Mutafian, Claude. "Recherches sur l'Arménie cilicienne : la diplomatie arménienne au Levant à l'époque des Croisades (XIIe-XIVe siècle)". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010581.
Texto completoBarabino, Victor. "Des guerriers d’Odin aux chevaliers du Christ : la relation combattant/divinité au prisme de la christianisation dans la diaspora scandinave médiévale, IXe-XIVe siècle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC027.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to study the representations of the relationship between fighters and their gods within the Scandinavian diaspora at the time of the official adoption of Christianity by the emerging Scandinavian monarchies. It examines the transition from a polytheistic to a Christian framework in these representations, in the light of Scandinavian and non-Scandinavian textual sources, as well as archaeological evidence. The study first looks at the representation of the conversion of fighters to Christianity, to show how warriors and warlords gradually made their martial activities part of a devotion to the Christian god. The thesis then examines the various categories of deity with which warriors developed a relationship, whether they be male deities, female deities, or intermediary supernatural figures (heroes, saints). Finally, the interactions between the fighters and the gods that take place directly on the battlefield are studied, from the point of view of the materiality of combat, its proceedings, and its eschatological outcome. By focusing on the cultural transfers that took place within the Scandinavian diaspora, this thesis suggests that the change of religion profoundly altered the relationship that fighters had with the sphere of the divine, leading to the emergence in Scandinavia of the idea of a war waged in the name of God
Tami, Alan. "L'art de la guerre au temps des croisades (491/1098 - 589/1193) : Du théocentrisme irrationnel aux influences mutuelles et adaptations pragmatiques dans le domaine militaire". Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735126.
Texto completoRomanova, Mariya. "La défense de l'État arménien de Cilicie (1073-1375)". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30079.
Texto completoCilicia - also known as the Cilician Armenia, Kingdom of Cilician Armenia, Kingdom of Cilicia or New Armenia - was a medieval State, which had a rich, but relatively short history (from the end of XI till late fourteenth century). The principality of Armenian princes' roubênienne of Cilicia (from 1198 - a kingdom) was located in the southeast of Asia Minor.Placed at the intersection of commercial and strategic roads, Cilicia was an unavoidable area between Mediterranean Europe and the Middle East. Throughout its existence Armenian Cilicia - a state formed more or less from forced migration - faced attacks or numerous invasions.Throughout a history spanning across three centuries, Cilicia was exposed to attacks from various sides: Europe, Byzantium, Sultanate of Rum, Ayyubid emirates, Egypt and Syria, and, above all, Mamluk. In the period of three centuries Cilicia tries to maintain its independence and defend its own territory against invaders. Thus, the Military Art of the Armenians of Cilicia (tactical strategy, weaponry, composition of the army etc.), and their national idea develops with spirit of defense.Defense, or defensive strategy, along with the offensive, is one of the two main forms of military strategy. It involves a posture of resistance using all the means for preventing the opposing action. Event that the defensive strategy uses all tactical functions necessary to achieve the military conflict (against attack, raid, offensive), that is the defense it gives the major role. The strategic choice of a defensive posture determines all dimensions or military Art of Cilicians: operations, battle and each element of the war.The study of the defense of Cilician Armenia is an innovative topic. We tried to study not only the military history of Cilicia, but also its social and political context, the technical details as and the role of the church in the military case.For our research we used many different original sources. In fact, besides the Armenian sources, we examined the Latin, Greek, Arabic, Syriac (the last two in translation) texts. Only the method of crossing of sources and comparing military traditions gave us hope that we have succeeded in innovative conclusions.This method has allowed us to instigate some issues never discussed, for example the armor and weapons of Cilician Armenian fighter (including the use and types of knives), strategy and tactics in the Cilician army, siege warfare and siege machines. We also treated other topics such as espionage in Cilicia, or naval warfare conducted by the Cilician Armenians. Among other questions, the role of the Church in the Armenian army is also discussed.The method applied in our research is perhaps the novelty of this work. In our investigation, we tried not only to determine the historical events (encounters and battles) but also to develop the problem that exists around these conflicts, trying to find their origins. By asking the questions how? and for what?, we can deliver a lot more information, and thus we can explain the historical events from a military point of view
Ritsou, Chryso. "L’esprit antilatin à Byzance (XIe-XVe siècle)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040100.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to provide a different perspective on the relations between Byzantines and the Latins, compared with the traditional Byzantine historiography which presents them in a linear way: from harmony and cooperation to great hostility, which reached its height in 1204 with the capture of Constantinople by the Crusaders and which persisted until the end of Byzantium. This study focuses on the finest analysis of the relations and perceptions of the Byzantines towards the Latins, which varied according to political, economic and cultural/religious circumstances, geographical particularities, byzantine social classes and individual interests or connections. Its main added value is the comprehensive presentation of the topic of the antilatin spirit in Byzantium as a whole, both in terms of the composition of themes and chronological duration, covering all the components and all the factors that form it and influence it, as well as all periods during which it persists. It reveals that pro-latinism was present in Byzantine society concomitant with tendencies and behaviors of antilatinism and that the Latins were in fact much more appreciated by the Byzantines than the byzantine sources of that time lead us to believe
Raguin, Marjolaine. "Propagande politique et religieuse dans la "Chanson de la Croisade albigeoise", texte de l'Anonyme". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30064/document.
Texto completoThis doctoral dissertation is a detailed analysis of the religious and political propaganda in the anonymously authored section of the Song of the Albigensian Crusade, a section generally thought of as reshaping the form and content of the text of its original author, Guilhem de Tudela. Anchored in the field of Occitan medieval literature, this study takes into account interdisciplinary contributions of Christian theology as well as religious, political and military history. This work highlights intertextual connections between sirventés from the period of the Albigensian war and certain aspects of the work of the anonymous author. This study permits a reorientation of scholarship on the identification of the author by bringing attention to the explicit mention of a sponsor. The anonymous author replaces Guilhem de Tudela’s arguments of heresy in the Occitan territories, which justified the crusade, with the notion of inherited lineage to imply that the Southerners were fighting against their dispossession under the command of the Raimondin count of Toulouse. The political discourse in the work is based on religious rhetoric, as the anonymous author understood that only a demonstration of the catholicity of Raimondins could ensure the success of the reconquest; as such he developed an ideology of a counter-crusade. The author insists on a threefold connection to the land consisting of a blood relationship between the Southerners, their lord Raimondin, and territories under the care of a protective God. The anonymous author’s argument is based on two postulates: the betrayal of the French suzerain and the association of its barons with a lying clergy of false preachers
Rajohnson, Matthieu. "L’Occident au regret de Jérusalem : l’image de la Ville sainte en chrétienté latine (1187-fin du XIVe siècle)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100071.
Texto completoIn 1187, after nearly a century of Christian rule over Jerusalem, the Latins lost the Holy City to the army of Saladin. The fall triggered an instant, overwhelming reaction of shock in the West and led to military and liturgical action, as well as to the production of specific literary and pictorial depictions, which continued until the last attempts at recapturing the Holy Land in the 14th century. Through these representations, this thesis examines Latin Christianity’s response to the loss of Jerusalem: its impact in the West, the resulting discourses and images, and the evolving memory it created combine to indicate an increasingly vivid sense of regret. This new relationship with the Holy City also altered the way it was perceived. Indeed, laying claim to the city was a way for the Latins to reconsider and reaffirm Christianity’s ties to Jerusalem, and therefore justify attempts to recover it and assert its importance in Christian salvation. At the same time, the nostalgia the city inspires lends it a legendary, symbolic dimension; the latter offers the Latins a way to reclaim Jerusalem through its image, in order to ward off their loss
Wingler, Clément. "Un passeport pour le prince de Byzance : territoire, nom et appartenance ethnique du dignitaire grec dans la littérature de croisade française et allemande (fin du XIe - fin du XIIIe siècle)". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0026.
Texto completoThe period between 1095 and 1204 can be considered a pivotal point in time for understanding clearly the image of « Others », whether Christian (in accordance with the laws of Rome), Muslim, or Christian (in accordance with Oriental or South-East European traditions). The present work sets out to observe in what form this image of « Others », focused here around the emblematic figure of the Prince of Byzantium, ruler of the Greeks, came in to existence at the time, and spread throughout one of the areas reknowned for French and German literature on the Crusades: that of the aristocracy of princes and feudal chiefs. A transversal approach has been adopted, which is freed from the classification of literary « genres » which mark works of historiography and works of supposed entertainment such as “chansons de geste”, “epopees” and novels. In fact, these works participate collectively in an awareness of the « Other » that is also (and more particularly) an awareness of Onesself and one’s expectations, translated of course by «historical events», but also by an imaginary thread that is just as significant for understanding the period. The image of the Greek dignitary is thus examined by way of key « passport » details: his name, his origin(s) as determined by geographical clues – including ideas on territory and communities — and his ethnic roots. The four main sections of the thesis address in turn the notion of Romania found in German and French texts, the lands and people of Alexios Komnenós 1st at the time of the First Crusade, then in the 12th century, and finally the name and personification of the Greek prince in the 12th and beginning of the 13th centuries
Hasan, Haytham. "La ville de Maṣyāf (Syrie) et son château aux XIIe-XIIIe siècles : étude historique et archéologique". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040069.
Texto completoThis thesis is a historical and archaeological study of the city of Masyaf (Syria) and its castle during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, when it was under the authority of the Ismā'īlī.Nizari community. This city, which lies on the eastern slopes of the coastal mountains of Western Syria, is known as the seat and capital of this community. This research focuses on the development of a Syrian religious minority, known in the West during the Crusades as the Assassins (or Hachchachines in Arabic). The State she founded has played an important role in the political and military conflict between Crusaders and Muslims. The work provides for the first time a thorough archaeological survey of buildings and architectural complexes that form the fabric of the city of Masyaf and participate in its configuration; it analyzes the ramparts and gates, the main streets that draw the urban plan, important monuments, especially the great mosque, the bath, the suq, the mausoleums of several historical figures. Preliminary results of the study of the castle are also exposed in detail. They reveal two main phases of construction: the first between the tenth century and the mid-twelfth century, the second between the mid-twelfth century and the late thirteenth century, which is the period of Nizari Isma'ilis. Thanks to the contribution of ceramics, numismatics and epigraphy, archeology helps to reveal, for the first time, the building activity of Rasid al-Din Sinan, the "Old Man of the Mountain", between 1162-1192
Ruchaud, Elisabeth. "Les représentations du Saint-Sépulcre : dans les images, les architectures, les rites et les textes (fin du IXe - début du XIIe siècle)". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0019.
Texto completoThe purpose of this research is to analyze the phenomenon of copies or representations of the Holy Sepulchre in the West between the end of the Carolingian era and during the Romanesque period, and to determine the evolution of the exegetical thought of the Christian faith till the twelfth century. In a first part it seems important to replace the importance of the model of the Anastasis Rotunda in Jerusalem not only in the gospels and the medieval thought, but also in its different translations, visual as well as intellectual. Sole relic of the resurrection and sole witness of the messianic promises, the Anastasis Rotunda is one and perhaps even the most important church for the Christians. This research proposes to analyze the different way the church of Jerusalem was used in the West and its place in the theological discussion of the middle Ages. First ail the liturgy, understood as the permanent updating of the life of Christ for the faithful, places the Anastasis at the centre of the Easter liturgy, firstly in Jerusalem and then in the Western kingdoms. The graphic arts (illumination, ivory sculpture. . . ) are also considered because of the use of some architectural form to express the symbolic contents and meanings of the monument. Finally, a particular attention is given to the architectural variations of the Holy Sepulchre, the construction witnessing a return of pilgrimage or having a funerary connotation …The show a direct or indirect worship to the relic of the Resurrection and testify of a faith in the heavenly Jerusalem. All these representations translates a specific relation not only with Jerusalem but also with the theological background surrounding the questions concerning the Resurrection, the second coming of Christ and the heavenly Jerusalem
Kyriakidou, Maria. "Correspondance d’Orient : Introduction, Édition critique, Annotation". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040256.
Texto completoJoseph-François Michaud (1767-1839), the historian of the Crusades, the man who contributed to the rehabilitation of the Middle Ages in France, the committed royalist, left in 1830 together with his young collaborator Jean-François Poujoulat (1808-1880) in search of the East. The two voyagers cross Greece, Minor Asia, Palestine, Syria, Egypt and upon their return to France, they published the story of their journey in the form of letters. In a time where the works on the East were arising, the voices of their predecessors resonate within the Correspondence of the East, mixed with the marks of heroes whose achievements have been rejuvenated. The review of this work reveals an innovative aspect embodied within conciliation of a travel diary and an historical research tinged with propaganda
Pelech, Tomasz. "Shaping the Image of Enemy-Infidel in the Relations of Eyewitnesses and Participants of the First Crusade : The Case of Muslims". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAL002.
Texto completoThe main aim of the doctoral thesis is the issue of the shaping the image of enemy-infidel in the socio-cultural context of the Latin Middle Ages at the end of the 11th and the beginning of the 12th century. The research area is marked by selected written sources with similar genre characteristics (gesta and historia) written by participants of the First Crusade. The thesis studies anonymous Gesta Francorum, Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere by Peter Tudebode, the Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem by Raymond of Aguilers and Fulcher of Chartres' Historia Hierosolymitana: Gesta Francorum Iherusalem peregrinantium. The selection of these works, similar in form, content and time of creation, allows to narrow down and unify the area of analysis, indicate the earliest stage of the process of shaping the image of the enemy-infidel, and at the same time provides a basis for further comparisons
Olivier, Mathieu. "Une chronique de l'ordre Teutonique et ses usages à la fin du Moyen Âge : l'Ancienne Chronique des Grands-Maîtres et sa réception jusqu'au milieu du XVIe siècle". Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0012.
Texto completoThis PhD aims at giving an insight into the uses of historical writing within the medieval Teutonic Order, whose chronicles have been the focus of a renewed scholarly interest for two decades. It focuses on a little-known compilation dating back to the first half of the 15th century, the Old Chronicle of the Grand Masters. Preserved in many manuscripts, this text reads at first glance as a prose version of more famous masterpieces from the 14th century. The political and military “new deal” a weakened Teutonic Order has to cope with in 15th-century Prussia raises a wide range of questions around this permanence of a historical discourse which was otherwise considered at odds with the real situation of the Order after Tannenberg. Applying the tools of codicology and philology, this work tries to shed light on the complete span of a chronicle’s life, from its “foretexts” to its reception until the middle of the 16th century. As a matter of fact, the apparent revival of an “outdated” historical discourse conceals a wholly modified set of conditions impinging on history writing. The text proves to be a biased manifesto under the guise of an “authorless” unveiling of the true history, and is as such deeply embedded within a context of internal rivalries between “regional” clans within the Order. The further reception of the text therefore needs to be reasserted as a process of step-by-step neutralization. At the same time, the inquiry into the chronicle’s reception shows that the Old Chronicle of the Grand Masters, despite a widespread diffusion, failed to become a historical vulgate of sorts. A new critical edition of the text is given to replace the old edition by Toeppen, flawed with many shortcomings
Nielen, Marie-Adélaïde. "Feliciter ! Des royaumes mérovingiens aux royaumes d'Orient : recherche sur les élites et les modes d'expression du pouvoir au Moyen Âge". Thesis, Paris, Ecole nationale des chartes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENCP0001/document.
Texto completoThis thesis presents the results of research conducted over the past thirty years on the history of medieval elites. The thesis focuses on two major topics. The first is the society of the Latin East. Publication of a genealogical text, Les lignages d’Outremer, has been followed by a series of studies of the noble families of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and an edition of an account of a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The second area is royal sigillography. Studies of the seals of medieval French queens and their children constitute one facet of this research, whereas examination of the seals found on 250 diplomas in the Archives nationales has facilitated exploration of the seals of Merovingian and Carolingian kings and emperors. The discovery of human hair in the seals has prompted the search for possible explanations of this phenomenon, which are proposed and discussed in different parts of the dossier, particularly in an appendix, "De anolo." An additional, supplementary part of my work has focused on the conservation of seals and the development of methods to prevent their deterioration
Rouxpetel, Camille. "Le regard des voyageurs latins sur les chrétiens d’Orient (Cilicie, Syrie-Palestine, Égypte) du XIIe au début du XVe siècle". Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040124.
Texto completoThis research aims at analysing the representation of otherness in the writings of Latin travellers in Cilicia, Syria Palestine and Egypt from the 12th century to the early 15th century. Close encounters between Western Christians and Eastern Christians gradually changed the previous representations of the former, while the attitudes of the writers depended on their status and the respective career paths. After presenting the conditions in which the works were written and underlining the themes and issues that were tackled during the encounters with Eastern Christians, this research analyses the Latin discourse on Eastern otherness, the construction of which results from the confrontation between observation and representation. Curiosity for a new exotic reality went along with a double-edged rhetoric of rejection and assimilation of Eastern Christians, as the stakes were both geopolitical – in the context of the Crusades – and religious – with the policy of pontifical union and the continuation of the monastic reform. Integrating Eastern churches into Western culture thus meant conciliating unity and diversity with Christianity. Analysing the relationships of Latin people with the Holy Land – between biblical and actual geography – as well as the discourses of crusaders, missionaries and pilgrims on diversity and their various reactions to it allows one to measure the impact of the encounter with Eastern Christians on the idea of Christianity
Plante, Stephanie. "Récits de croisade et digression : la conquête de Constantinople de Robert de Clari". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16124.
Texto completoTaking the naïve, colorful and digressive reputation of Robert de Clari’s La Conquête de Constantinople as a starting point, this master’s thesis presents a methodical study of this vernacular prose account of the Fourth Crusade in order to determine where the narration flows and where it breaks. Divergent episodes are identified with respect to their introductory and closing formulas, their relationship to the time of the crusade, their relative length as well as their positioning in the general arrangement of the text. Based on a loose understanding of three characteristics that are fundamental to digression as opposed to an univocal definition of the concept, they are then analysed in terms of degrees of digressiveness, thus offering a nuanced picture of the work. To allow a broader outlook on the phenomenon of digression, four more crusade narratives are studied, and all of them, whether written in French or in Latin, in prose or in verse, are guilty of getting carried away by their subject in excursus that betray their author’s interests and personality. Just like Robert, Villehardouin, the author of the Estoire de la guerre sainte, Odo of Deuil and Albert of Aachen all let their own story supersede the one they are writing in those moments where the narration goes astray. The digressions found in crusade narratives are thus privileged access points to the history of high-medieval mentalities, a fertile field whose fruits must be harvested by the joint efforts of both history and literature.