Literatura académica sobre el tema "Criminal judge"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Criminal judge"
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Ramiyanto, Ramiyanto. "ULTRA PETITA DECISIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF CRIMINAL LAW ENFORCEMENT IN INDONESIA". Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 10, n.º 1 (22 de abril de 2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.10.1.2021.173-196.
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The imposition of ultra petita decisions in the practice of criminal law enforcement in Indonesia continues to be going on today. This paper tries to examine the ultra petita decisions with the provisions in the Criminal Procedure Code, and the principle of freedom and the active role of judges. In answering the problem, the writer makes use of a type of normative legal research that’s done by researching positive law. The results of the discussion display that the Criminal Procedure Code doesn’t prohibit judges from imposing ultra petita decisions. In examining criminal cases, the judge can impose decisions that are outside of the requisition or exceed the requisition of the public prosecutor. The Criminal Procedure Code only stipulates that the basis for the judge in imposing a decision is the bill of indictment. Justification for the imposition of decisions is also based on the principle of judge freedomand judges are active. Under these two principles, judges are free to impose decisions without influence from other parties and actively searching for out facts that are revealed in court for the realization of material truth as the aims of criminal procedural law. The writer's recommendations are: 1) Criminal law enforcers (judges, public prosecutors, lawyers/ defendants) need to form a common awareness that ultra petita decisions are permitted; 2) The rule by which the judge gives the ultra petita decisions needs to be made immediately, each for the short and long term.
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Kadiraliyev, Saddam y Tashkent State University of Law Gulmurodov. "THE INVESTIGATIVE JUDGE IS A NEW INSTITUTE IN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN". CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 3, n.º 4 (21 de diciembre de 2023): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.4./xtcg9375.
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In this article, the legal status of the investigating judge, the history of the origin and stages of development of the investigating judge institution, and the importance and specific features of the investigating judge institution in the criminal process are explained. With the decision No. 300 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, “On measures to implement the strategy of Uzbekistan – 2030 in 2023 in a high-quality and timely manner” until the end of 2024, rapid search and investigative actions It is established that the procedure for consideration of the issue of sanctions by individual judges—investigative judges—is established, and the powers of the investigating judge are widened based on the principle of not only sanctioning quick searches and investigative actions but also exercising judicial control at the stage of bringing the case to court in the criminal process. The issues of definition are touched upon in the framework. In particular, with the introduction of this institution, the issues of providing the opportunity to conduct the activities of the parties on the basis of equality and controversy in proceedings before the court, as well as the possibility of increasing the procedural status of the defense side by eliminating the dominant position of the prosecution side, were discussed. The opinions of legal scholars about the institution of investigating judge were analyzed. In this regard, the experience of the countries of Kazakhstan, Georgia, Moldova, Estonia, and the Institute of Investigative judge, introduced in the criminal proceedings of the Kyrgyz Republic since 2019, was studied as one of the main research objects. In the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, relevant proposals were made regarding the determination of the legal status of the investigating judge, the principle of judicial control in criminal proceedings, and the formation of a corps of specialized investigative judges.
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Pratama, Vega Christian y Louis Tappangan. "Urgensi Hakim Pemeriksaan Pendahuluan dalam Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia". Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, n.º 2 (2 de diciembre de 2020): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i2.398.
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This article aims to analyze the importance of the preliminary supervisory judges stipulated in the Draft Criminal Procedure Code to replace pretrial institutions regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code in the future. As for the preliminary Supervisory Judge, it was formed with the aim of improving pretrial institutions which are deemed not running properly at this time. The problem focuses on the legal consequences of the use of violence by the investigator against the suspect or witness and the importance of the Preliminary Examination Judge to be applied to criminal justice in Indonesia to address the problem of the use of force by investigators. In order to answer this problem, a theoretical reference is used that applies to the process of proof in criminal procedural law and uses a microeconomic analysis of criminal law to analyze how important the enforcement of the Preliminary Examination Judge in Indonesia is. The research method used in this article is the statue approach and conceptual approach. This study concludes that the enforcement of Preliminary Examination Judges needs to be reviewed again, because there are still many deficiencies contained in the Draft KUHAP which regulates Preliminary Examination Judges. Although on the one hand the Preliminary Examination Judge is very much needed to overcome the problem of violence by investigators in the investigation, on the other hand there are other things that need to be reviewed so that criminal justice in Indonesia can be better in the future.
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Alfret, Alfret y Mardian Putra Frans. "Konsep Putusan Pemaaf Oleh Hakim (Rechterlijk Pardon) Sebagai Jenis Putusan Baru Dalam KUHAP". KRTHA BHAYANGKARA 17, n.º 3 (14 de diciembre de 2023): 587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v17i3.2968.
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Of the various articles that have undergone changes and additions in the new Criminal Code, one of them is interesting, namely Article 54 related to forgiveness by judges. However, whether the concept of forgiveness decision by the judge in the new Criminal Code has a position as a decision in the Criminal Procedure Code or the Criminal Procedure Bill. This research uses a normative juridical research method, which examines the problem by referring to positive law. The results of this study indicate the need for additional types of forgiveness decisions in the Criminal Procedure Bill as a form of criminal law reform because the provisions related to the types of decisions in the Criminal Procedure Code and the Criminal Procedure Bill are currently unable to accommodate forgiving decisions by judges. By examining in more depth the concept of forgiveness by the judge, it will appear that neither the Criminal Procedure Code nor the Criminal Procedure Bill contains the type of forgiveness decision.
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Kuncoro Putro, Danu Anindhito y Ira Alia Maerani. "Application of Criminal Sanction Policy Against Crime Perpetrators of Domestic Violence". Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, n.º 2 (6 de junio de 2018): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i2.3316.
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The research titled: Application of Criminal Sanction Policy Against Crime Perpetrators of Domestic Violence, Problems of this research are: 1) How the policy formulation of the crime of domestic violence? 2) How can the application of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of violence in the home? 3) Constraints are faced judges in the application of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of the crime of domestic violence and efforts to overcome it? The method used in this research using normative research is descriptive qualitative analysis. This study is a literature. The results of the study using sociological juridical concluded that: 1) Policy formulatif against the crime of domestic violence set out in Chapter VIII of Act No. 23 of 2994 Article 44 of physical violence, Article 45 of the violence phisikis, Articles 46, 47, 48 on sexual violence and Article 49 of Neglection. 2). The application of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of domestic violence committed by the judge after going through the process of proving to the charges the prosecutor. Starting from proven facts deeds of witnesses, then the fact juridical considerations and ease further aggravating the new verdict. 3) Constraints faced by judges in the application of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of domestic violence are: a. ) The absence of witnesses cause hearing be postponed, so that the proceedings so that the proceedings be longer than scheduled. b.) The absence attorneys also cause hearing was postponed from the trial process has gone backwards longer than scheduled. c.) The absence of a post mortem result in the judge adjourned the hearing, to include post mortem beforehand. d.) The judge is hard to prove because there were no witnesses who saw directly, and also sometimes victims of domestic violence and perpetrators still love each other, so that judges convict when the weight will result in divorce. e) The absence attorneys also cause hearing was postponed from the trial process has gone backwards longer than scheduled. f.) The absence of a post mortem result in the judge adjourned the hearing, to include post mortem beforehand. g.) The judge is hard to prove because there were no witnesses who saw directly, and also sometimes victims of domestic violence and perpetrators still love each other, so that judges convict when the weight will result in divorce. The absence attorneys also cause hearing was postponed from the trial process has gone backwards longer than scheduled. h.) The absence of a post mortem result in the judge adjourned the hearing, to include post mortem beforehand. i.) The judge is hard to prove because there were no witnesses who saw directly, and also sometimes victims of domestic violence and perpetrators still love each other, so that judges convict when the weight will result in divorce.Keywords: Legal Policy; Crime; Domestic Violence.
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Rangga, Galih Setyo y Sinda Eria Ayuni. "KEPASTIAN HUKUM PUTUSAN PEMIDANAAN YANG TIDAK BERDASARKAN SURAT DAKWAAN JAKSA PENUNTUT UMUM". Jurnal Magister Hukum Perspektif 13, n.º 2 (31 de octubre de 2022): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37303/magister.v13i2.68.
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In criminal law enforcement, there is a problem with the judge made law which is unfair and irresponsible in deciding a case, thereby reducing public trust in the judiciary. Criminal judges in Indonesia make many legal breakthroughs in passing a criminal case decision that does not refer to the provisions of the legislation, in other words the judge carries out his own interpretation of a criminal act that is appropriate for the defendant based on the facts in the trial and sets his own article that fits with the facts of the trial that are seen, resulting in a decision that is not in accordance with the indictment of the public prosecutor. It can be seen that there has been a legal event where the judge has decided outside the prosecutor's indictment and this research needs to be followed up by linking the judge's decision that was handed down not based on the article indicted from the aspect of legal certainty. The type of research used in this research is doctrinal law research. The sentencing decision in a criminal case which is decided by a judge not based on the indictment of the Public Prosecutor can be considered invalid because it is contrary to the principles of criminal law. In the examination in court, the party who must prove the indictment to the defendant is the public prosecutor, not the judge.
Keywords: Legal Certainty, Judge made law, Letter Demands, Public Prosecutor
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Leka, Adrian y Brunilda Jani-Haxhiu. "The Emergence of Sentence Guidelines in the Balkans – Should Albania Follow the Same Model?" Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics 20, n.º 4 (agosto de 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54808/jsci.20.04.1.
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Different countries have established different models and mechanisms to assist the judge in the difficult task of determining the criminal sentence. These approaches are influenced by the criminal justice system model, the role of the judge in criminal proceedings and, not infrequently, by priority issues that are not related to the conceptualization of the criminal justice system: corruption, professionalism of judges, etc. In countries that have a codified body of criminal law – as a rule, countries that belong to the civil law tradition, the criminal law sets the minimum and maximum ranges of the criminal punishment. Within these limits, it is up to the judge to determine the individualized sentence for each defendant, based on the principles and rules provided for by the criminal law. Different types of mechanisms have been established in countries that belong to the common law tradition, as the criminal law is not so inflexible in setting the ranges of punishment and the judge has much more discretion in determining the sentence, based on the rules of precedent. In some of these countries, sentencing guidelines are used. These guidelines are usually approved by the judges themselves and are not legally binding, but they gain application as a result of the precedent rule. In recent years, sentencing guidelines have been approved and applied in two of Albania's neighboring countries: Kosovo and North Macedonia. This paper will address the role of guidelines in criminal proceedings, the models they were based on, the reasons for introducing them, and how they were implemented in Kosovo and North Macedonia. Finally, we will argue whether the introduction of such a mechanism in Albania would be in harmony with the existing framework and beneficial, in general.
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Орлова, М. І. "THE QUESTION OF THE PROCEDURAL ORDER OF APPLICATION OF THE TEMPORARY SUSPENSION OF JUDGES FROM JUSTICE". Juridical science, n.º 1(103) (19 de febrero de 2020): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-103-1.37.
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The temporary removal of a judge from the administration of justice is a relatively new measure to ensure criminal proceedings in criminal procedural law and is carried out by the High Council of Justice. At the same time, as evidenced by the practice of its implementation, there are certain issues that necessitate their study and discussion. Therefore, the procedure of temporary suspension of a judge from the administration of justice is characterized by features that are due to the special legal status of judges. It is the need to ensure the independence of judges that provides for a special procedure for their removal. At the same time, the temporary removal of a judge is a measure that involves the removal from justice of judges in respect of whom there are reasonable doubts about their suitability for office, high rank of judge, to confirm or deny the relevant information. This is necessary to maintain confidence in the judiciary as a whole. The purpose of the article is to study the procedural procedure for the application of temporary suspension of a judge from the administration of justice. The article examines the procedural procedure for the application of temporary suspension of a judge from the administration of justice. It is emphasized that the institution of temporary suspension of judges exists for the timely suspension of a judge. The peculiarities of the procedural order of application of temporary suspension of a judge from the administration of justice have been determined. It is concluded that based on the results of the consideration of the petition, the High Council of Justice may make the following decisions: on the temporary suspension of a judge from the administration of justice in connection with criminal prosecution or on the denial of such a petition. It was found that the suspension did not restrict access to the court premises, as well as to the materials of previously distributed cases. Therefore, if a judge is removed without a precautionary measure in the form of round-the-clock house arrest / detention, the court will continue to go to work. A judge may also continue to perform administrative functions as chairman of the court or judgespeaker. Continue lecturing at the School of Judges, or continue to take bribes.
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Materniak-Pawłowska, Małgorzata. "Instytucja sędziego śledczego w II Rzeczypospolitej". Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne 65, n.º 1 (2 de noviembre de 2018): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cph.2013.65.1.11.
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The institution of an investigating judge emerged in all three parts of then partitioned Poland at almost the same time, i.e. in the 70s of the 19th century, as the Austrians introduced it in 1873, the Russians in 1876, and the Germans in 1877. The very idea of an investigating judge and its model, however, derives from the legal system of Napoleonic France. During the period between two World Wars, the institution of an investigating judge functioned fi rst, as part of the legislation inherited from the occupant’s legal system, and then as part of the Polish legal system resulting, mainly, from the implementation of the ordinance on the regime of common courts of law of 1928 and the code of criminal procedure of the same year. The function of an investing judge was for and foremost connected with the preliminary stage of criminal proceedings, and the investigation process in particular. However, the main overall task of that stage was protection of an individual’s rights in a criminal proceeding. In the twenty years’ history of the interwar Poland, the role of an investigating judge in a criminal proceeding had been gradually limited, while the prosecutor’s role had increasingly strengthened. Although the prosecutor’s supervision sensu stricto was formally non-existent, a prosecutor could, inmany cases, restrict a judge’s independence by issuing binding conclusions. Such practice was further facilitated by the fact that the Ministry of Justice’s policy was to recruit for the position of an investigating judge from among the least experienced, usually junior judges. Thus the institution of an investigating judge was subsequently subjected to strong criticism by many lawyers, both theorists as well as practitioners of a criminal trial. Its supporters criticised the infl uence that procurators could exercise on the judges and demanded their independence of the former, whereas its critics questioned the very sense or idea of an investigating judge, emphasising that it only constituted an interim form between a prosecuting organ and an independent court and, as such, performed neither of those two had functions suffi ciently satisfactory.
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Prowancki, Maciej, Michał Kaczmarczyk y Kazimierz Marszał. "COMMENCING A PRIVATE PROSECUTION AND THE GROUNDS FOR DISMISSING A LAY JUDGE FROM HIS FUNCTION". Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 4, n.º XX (30 de diciembre de 2020): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8425.
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The institution of the participation of the social factor in the justice in Poland has a long and well-established tradition. In accordance with Art. 4 of the Law on the System of Common Courts, citizens take part in administering justice through the participation of lay judges in hearing cases before courts in the first instance. The jurors are elected by the borough councils for a four-year term. Dismissal of a lay judge before the end of his term of office is possible in the cases enumerated in the Act. This article attempts to analyse the issue of the impact of the circumstances of instituting private indictment against a lay judge on the possibility of dismissing a lay judge from his function at the request of the president of the court. The article presents the following problems and issues: is the initiation of a general criminal procedure against a lay judge for an offense prosecuted on a private indictment basis for the dismissal of a lay judge by the municipal council?; Does instituting criminal proceedings against a person for an offense prosecuted by private indictment prevent that person from standing for the post of a common court lay judge? Is a person running for the post of a common court lay judge obliged to disclose in the course of the procedure of electing lay judges (before being elected by the borough council) that there are private criminal proceedings against that person? The findings made by the authors lead to the conclusion that in the event of instituting private criminal proceedings against a lay judge, the provision of Art. 166 § 2 point 3 of the Act on the System of Common Courts does not apply, and the fact of prosecuting a lay judge as a result of bringing a private indictment to a court should not constitute the basis for a motion by the president of the court to the municipal council to dismiss a lay judge from his function.
Tesis sobre el tema "Criminal judge"
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Gallant, Benjamin. "Bill C-25 The Truth in Sentencing Act: An Examination of the Implementation of Criminal Law by the Canadian Judiciary under Challenging Circumstances". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34943.
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In Canada, we regularly incarcerate accused persons while they are still legally innocent. By the turn of the century, the growing number of accused held in pre-sentence custody had become a concern for provincial/territorial governments, and, by extension, the federal government. In an effort to address the problem, Bill C-25 - ‘The Truth in Sentencing Act’ - was passed into law. Adopting a quantitative as well as qualitative methodology, this study uses a randomly selected sample of 110 cases to examine the implementation of Bill C-25 as a case study of how Canadian judges respond to legislation which likely created friction between the political and judicial social spheres. Analyses suggest that there is strong evidence to support the notion that judges did not fully implement the legislation as intended by the federal government. Instead, it appears that judges may have been motivated to resist the implementation of Bill C-25 in order to protect fundamental principles of justice that were ignored in the drafting of the new law.
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Pidoux, Jérémy. "L'accès au juge pénal en phase sentencielle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCB001.
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La thèse entend analyser de quelle manière l’accès au juge pénal en phase sentencielle a évolué. À partir d’une définition pragmatique de la notion d’« accès au juge », deux mouvements contradictoires ont été identifiés. D’un côté, l’accès formel au juge pénal tend à se renforcer. La saisine et les canaux d’échange permettant aux parties au procès – le mis en cause, la personne lésée et le ministère public – d’arriver devant le juge ont été ouverts. Cette ouverture a été accentuée par le développement d’aides extérieures, intellectuelles et pécuniaires, qui suppriment certains obstacles à la saisine et aux échanges. D’un autre côté, l’accès substantiel au juge pénal tend à s’affaiblir. Le champ matériel de l’accès au juge s’est réduit en raison de la diminution de son office. La qualité des échanges avec le juge s’est dégradée du fait de l’expansion de procédés – la visio-conférence, les box vitrés, la représentation et l’écrit – qui médiatisent lesdits échanges. La discussion ayant lieu devant le juge s’est appauvrie compte tenu du recul ou de l’insuffisance des garanties de l’effectivité du débat se tenant devant lui. L’ambivalence de l’évolution de l’accès au juge pénal démontre donc une profonde transformation de cet accès. L’accès au sens formel est très développé : les parties au procès pénal ont les moyens procéduraux et matériels d’accéder à ce juge. En parallèle, l’accès dont elles bénéficient est la plupart du temps sans substance, il n’est qu’apparent : les parties n’ont pas la faculté, dans de bonnes conditions, de faire trancher certaines questions par le juge pénal. Cette évolution n’est pas en soi critiquable. Il convient seulement de veiller pour chacune des dimensions de l’accès au juge pénal à ce que le renforcement ou l’affaiblissement ne soit pas insuffisant ou trop important. À cet égard, la détermination de l’étendue de la protection du droit d’accès audit juge dans l’ordre conventionnel et l’ordre constitutionnel a permis de proposer différentes améliorationsThe thesis seeks to demonstrate how the access to a criminal judge in the sentencing phase has evolved. From a pragmatic definition of the concept of “access to a judge”, two contradictory movements have been identified. On the one hand, formal access to a criminal judge tends to increase. The referral procedure and different channels for exchanging information allowing the parties – defendant, injured person, Attorney general – to have access to a judge have been opened. They have been improved by the development of external, intellectual and pecuniary assistance; which remove obstacles that could prevent the parties to have access to a criminal judge. On the other hand, substantial access to a criminal judge tends to decline. The material scope of access to a judge has been reduced because of the lessening of his powers. The quality of the communication with the judge has decreased because some methods have been developed – videoconference, glass boxes, representation, and writing – allowing debates to be covered by Medias. The exchanges before the judge have weakened because there are less or not enough guarantees that the debate is efficient. The ambivalent evolution of access to a criminal judge demonstrates the fundamental change of this access. In the formal meaning, the access is well developed: the parties of a criminal trial have the procedural and material means to have access to this judge. Meanwhile, this access is, most of the time, not a real one because the criminal judge cannot make a decision for each criminal matter submitted by the parties. This evolution is not in itself questionable. Nevertheless, we have to make sure that the intensification or the weakening is sufficient but not too important for each aspect of this access. Regarding this, thanks to the determination of the extent of the protection of the right to have access to a judge in conventional and constitutional order, several improvements have been proposed
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Garcia, Alessandra Dias. "O juiz das garantias e a investigação criminal". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-23092015-092831/.
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A imprescindibilidade da atuação do magistrado na fase preliminar da persecução penal como garantidor dos direitos fundamentais do investigado é inegável. A consecução desse mister acarreta, porém, o comprometimento da imparcialidade objetiva do juiz para o julgamento do mérito. A atribuição das funções de atuar na fase de investigação preliminar e durante o processo a julgadores distintos foi o caminho que muitos ordenamentos trilharam para lidar com essa problemática. A mesma solução foi adotada pelo Projeto de Código de Processo Penal brasileiro PLS nº 156/2009, ao prever a figura do juiz das garantias, responsável pelo controle da legalidade da investigação criminal e pela salvaguarda dos direitos individuais. Essa figura, consentânea ao principio acusatório consagrado pela Constituição Federal de 1988, assegura a imparcialidade de forma muito mais efetiva, preservando o distanciamento do julgador dos elementos colhidos durante a investigação criminal.The indispensability of the judges involvement in the preliminary stage of criminal prosecution as a guarantor of the inquired person fundamentals rights is undeniable. However, this intervention compromises the impartiality of the judge on the judgment of the merits. The allocation of duties to act to different judges in the preliminary investigation phase and during the case was the way that many law systems have fallowed to handle this problem. The same solution was adopted by the Bill of the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure PLS nº 156/2009. The Bill provides the figure of the guarantee judge, which controls the legality of the criminal investigation and ensures the protection of individual rights. The guarantee judde, in accordance to the accusatory principle settleed in the Federal Constitution, assures a more effective impartiality preserving the distance of the judge from elements collected during criminal investigation.
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Souza, Raniel Nascimento de. "Conflitos agrários: a atuação do juiz numa abordagem histórico-criminal". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5178.
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Agrarian conflicts: the role of the judge in a criminal-history approach aims to address in the required depth, about what instruments the judge who militates in the criminal field of agrarian conflicts have to apply to acting with deliberation, fairness and justice required before of the case. For this, back in time and go to the time leading up to the system of appearance of land grants in Brazil. It points out that the system of land grants, as implemented in Portugal first, aimed at solving specific issues, such as a strong supply crisis that was mainly in Portugal but also in other countries. Nevertheless, Portugal decides to deploy in Cologne newfound, Brazil, the same system deployed there, this incorrectly, with bias and with great disorder, privilegiano a small class of noble people or prestige enjoyed by the Crown. This disorganized and unfairly generated, according to many historians, the latifundia in Brazil. The land issue in Brazil has its origins in the way we implemented the system of land grants in Brazil. This not only generated large estates, but, in particular, was the cause of the first conflicts existing here. From the earliest conflicts, those between sesmeiros and squatters, to the present time, there are thousands of outstanding conflicts in a state of effective action in the rush to try to contain the problems of land tenure. From these historical data concerning the origin and form of distribution of land in Brazil, as well as data on the conflict, the work seeks to bring the judge die elements more strictly criminal, as the postulate of minimal intervention so that in case Concrete related to agrarian conflicts, the judge's analysis is as comprehensive as possible, preventing, blindly, that only repressively apply strictly dogmatic criminal law. The thesis points out that the judgment and the sensitivity of the judge in everyday approach must pass necessarily by in-depth knowledge of the historical and social issues surrounding the issue of agrarian conflicts. A judgment of the Superior Court of Justice - STJ, the Habeas Corpus - HC No. 5574 / SP is taken with one of the bases for the construction of the idea that wanted to bring in the dissertation. He concluded the STJ every citizen has the right to protest and demand the implementation of agrarian reform. He concluded, though, that mister judge, it is essential that judge has a keen discernment to distinguish the crime of the right to protest Based on this, brings out the teachings of Francesco Carnelutti on some features that should have the judge what is called the act in criminal proceedings so that, in this case, especially on the theme of agrarian conflicts, acts not to criminalize conduct, but to contain them, seeking the composition of conflicts applying to a minimum, the repressive criminal law.
Conflitos Agrários: a atuação do juiz numa abordagem histórico-criminal visa a abordar, na profundidade necessária, sobre quais instrumentos o juiz que milita no campo penal dos conflitos agrários precisa se valer para que atue com a ponderação, a equidade e a justiça necessários diante do caso concreto. Para isso, volta no tempo e vai ao momento que antecedeu ao surgimento do sistema das sesmarias no Brasil. Destaca que o sistema das sesmarias, como implantado em Portugal primeiramente, visava solucionar questões pontuais, como por exemplo uma forte crise de abastecimento que acontecia principalmente em Portugal, mas também noutros países. Não obstante, Portugal resolve implantar na Colônia recém-descoberta, o Brasil, o mesmo sistema implantado lá, isso de forma equivocada, com parcialidade e com muita desordem, privilegiando uma pequena classe de gente nobre ou que gozava de prestígio junto à Coroa. Essa forma desorganizada e injusta gerou, de acordo com muitos historiadores, o latifúndio no Brasil. A questão fundiária no Brasil tem suas origens na forma como foi implantado o sistema das sesmarias no Brasil. Isso gerou não somente o latifúndio, mas, em especial, foi a causa dos primeiros conflitos existentes por aqui. Desde os primeiros conflitos existentes, aqueles entre sesmeiros e posseiros, até os tempos atuais, são milhares de conflitos ainda pendentes de uma ação efetiva do Estado no afã de tentar conter os problemas da questão fundiária. A partir desses dados históricos referentes à origem e forma de distribuição de terras no Brasil, bem como sobre os dados referentes aos conflitos, o trabalho procura trazer ao juiz elementos de cunho mais estritamente penais, como o postulado da intervenção mínima para que, no caso concreto referente aos conflitos agrários, a análise do juiz seja a mais abrangente possível, evitando que, cegamente, aquele só aplique repressivamente o direito penal estritamente dogmático. A dissertação destaca que o discernimento e a sensibilidade do juiz na abordagem do dia a dia precisa passar, necessariamente, pelo aprofundado conhecimento das questões históricas e sociais que envolvem a temática dos conflitos agrários. Um julgado do Superior Tribunal de Justiça - STJ, no Habeas Corpus – HC nº 5.574/SP é tido com uma das bases para a construção da ideia que se quis trazer na dissertação. Concluiu o STJ todo o cidadão tem direito de protestar e reclamar a implantação da reforma agrária. Concluiu, ainda que, nesse mister de julgar, é indispensável que juiz tenha um apurado discernimento para distinguir o crime do direito de protestar, Com base nisso, traz à tona ensinamentos de Francesco Carnelutti sobre algumas características que deve possuir o juiz que é chamado a atuar no processo penal para que, no caso concreto, em especial na temática dos conflitos agrários, atue não para criminalizar condutas, mas para contê-las, visando à composição dos conflitos, aplicando, no mínimo possível, o direito penal repressor.
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Ouabri, Layali. "L'expertise judiciaire en matière pénale en Algérie". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10004.
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Le 21ème siècle est marqué par une évolution technologique et scientifique de très haut niveau qui permet d'accomplir toutes les investigations techniques et scientifiques pour tous les domaines de la science. Les Magistrats ont recours, dans le cadre des investigations nécessaires à la manifestation de la vérité, à des hommes de l'art. L'expert judiciaire algérien, comme toute autre expert, obéit aux principes universels inhérents à la protection et sauvegarde des libertés fondamentales et surtout à l'éthique. L'expertise, quant à elle, doit impérativement obéir aux lois et règlements qui nous gouvernent dont le résultat obtenu ne doit souffrir d'aucune irrégularité et doit être opposable aux tiers pour emporter la conviction des jugesThe 21st century is marked by a very high level of technological improvements and scientific, allowing to perform all technical and scientific investigations in all science's areas. The judges are used, in the context of investigations necessary for the truth's manifestation to art's men. Algérian judicial expert, like any other expert, obeys universal principles inherent in the protection and safeguarding of fundamental freedoms and especially ethics. Expertise, about it, must imperatively obey the laws and regulations who govern us that the result should not suffer any irregularity and shall be binding on third parties to carry conviction of judges
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Gusman, Fabio. "A prisão preventiva de ofício: análise crítica à luz do sistema constitucional acusatório". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-08042016-162346/.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da validade das normas infraconstitucionais que possibilitam ao julgador penal a decretação da prisão preventiva sem o requerimento do Ministério Público ou do querelante. O maior ou menor grau de atribuições de ofício ao juiz está diretamente ligado ao sistema processual penal vigente em cada jurisdição. Desta forma, importa definir os sistemas processuais penais acusatório, inquisitório e misto, os princípios que os regem, e identificar qual deles foi o escolhido pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e pelas normas supralegais. A partir da conclusão de que a Constituição Federal institui o princípio acusatório que condiciona todas as normas infraconstitucionais, identificamos as normas que não encontram sua fundamentação neste princípio e, por isso, destoam do sistema. A norma que dá ao juiz o poder de decretar de ofício a prisão preventiva é uma delas. O trabalho, então, analisa criticamente alguns dos argumentos que comumente são utilizados para fundamentar a posição da constitucionalidade ou inconstitucionalidade da norma, concluindo que as bases que sustentam o poder de ofício do juiz é o ideal inquisitório de um sistema de justiça que implementa políticas públicas em que a imparcialidade do juiz é um atributo de somenos importância. Por fim, colacionam-se algumas notas de direito comparado a respeito de como a questão é tratada em diferentes jurisdições. O trabalho conclui que o poder de decretar a prisão preventiva de ofício está em contradição com os valores processuais acusatórios típicos dos Estados Democráticos de Direito. Indica-se uma possível solução para a modernização do método de tomada de decisão de medidas cautelares consistente nas audiências prévias que oferecem um ambiente mais propício ao exercício das garantias processuais.This study aims to analyze the validity of the infra-constitutional norms that allow the criminal judge to issue a remand without the request of the prosecutor or the plaintiff. The greater or lesser degree of power assigned to the judge is directly connected to the current actual justice system in each jurisdiction. Thus, it is relevant to define the criminal procedural systems accusatorial, inquisitorial and mixed, their governing principles, and identify which one was chosen by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the rules that are higher in hierarchy. From the assumption that the Brazilian Constitution establishes the adversarial principle which determines norms in our law systems, the study identifies rules that do not find their justification in this principle and, therefore, diverge from the system. The rule that gives the judge the power to issue a preventive detention order is one of them. The work then critically examines some of the arguments that are commonly used to support the position of the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of this rule, concluding that the basis supporting the judge\'s power is the inquisitorial ideal of a policy implementing justice system in which the judge\'s impartiality is a minor attribute. Finally, some notes of comparative law are collected in regard to how the issue is assessed in different jurisdictions. The paper concludes that the power to issue the order is contrary to the typical values of the accusatory procedural law of Democratic States. At the end, the study indicates a possible solution to the modernization of the decision-making method for precautionary measures consistent in previous hearings that offer an environment more conducive to the exercise of procedural safeguards.
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Paiusco, Sara. "Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and the Role of Foreseeability in the European Human Rights Protection System. A European approach to the problem of judge-made law in Criminal Law". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/253554.
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The aim of this research is investigating nullum crimen sine lege as European principle. Therefore, the analysis focuses on the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) interpretation of this principle. The approach of this work is top-down. Since the research question is the role of foreseeability assessment in ‘Europeanised’ Criminal Law and its possible relevance at the European and national level, when and if necessary, the chosen approach is to look first at the European perspective, in order to analyse it in depth in its own specificities and then try to link it to the national perspective.
With regards to ECHR law, the autonomous definition of law and the application of foreseeability (one of the ‘qualities’ of the law) as main parameter to assess legality, both in light of retroactivity and legal certainty, are investigated. In particular, special attention is given to the role of judge-made law in the interpretation of Art. 7 ECHR. Hence, the research focuses on the role of foreseeability, milestone of European legality, as a means to find a solution to the legality issues raising from judge-made law in criminal law. The origin, rationale and application of the concept of foreseeability in ECtHR case-law are scrutinised, trying to extract its main development paths. Subsequently, the current solutions that civil law States adopt to try solving the problem of case-law in criminal law are analysed, with reference to Italy and Germany, also with regards to the traditional rationales of nullum crimen and its theoretical foundations. Moreover, the role of foreseeability and legality in the European Union legal order is considered, as an example of an effectiveness-oriented and de-formalised legal order. In the end, future perspectives for the implementation of the principle of foreseeability are analysed, with particular regard to the Italian legal order.
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Paiusco, Sara. "Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and the Role of Foreseeability in the European Human Rights Protection System. A European approach to the problem of judge-made law in Criminal Law". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/253554.
Texto completoResumen
The aim of this research is investigating nullum crimen sine lege as European principle. Therefore, the analysis focuses on the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) interpretation of this principle. The approach of this work is top-down. Since the research question is the role of foreseeability assessment in ‘Europeanised’ Criminal Law and its possible relevance at the European and national level, when and if necessary, the chosen approach is to look first at the European perspective, in order to analyse it in depth in its own specificities and then try to link it to the national perspective.
With regards to ECHR law, the autonomous definition of law and the application of foreseeability (one of the ‘qualities’ of the law) as main parameter to assess legality, both in light of retroactivity and legal certainty, are investigated. In particular, special attention is given to the role of judge-made law in the interpretation of Art. 7 ECHR. Hence, the research focuses on the role of foreseeability, milestone of European legality, as a means to find a solution to the legality issues raising from judge-made law in criminal law. The origin, rationale and application of the concept of foreseeability in ECtHR case-law are scrutinised, trying to extract its main development paths. Subsequently, the current solutions that civil law States adopt to try solving the problem of case-law in criminal law are analysed, with reference to Italy and Germany, also with regards to the traditional rationales of nullum crimen and its theoretical foundations. Moreover, the role of foreseeability and legality in the European Union legal order is considered, as an example of an effectiveness-oriented and de-formalised legal order. In the end, future perspectives for the implementation of the principle of foreseeability are analysed, with particular regard to the Italian legal order.
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Нос, Степан Петрович. "Кримінальна відповідальність за постановлення суддею (суддями) завідомо неправосудного вироку, рішення, ухвали або постанови". Diss., Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2021. https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/56745.
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В роботі на підставі вивчення наукової літератури, законодавчих, інших нормативно-правових актів та судової практики здійснено системний аналіз питання
кримінальної відповідальності за постановлення суддею (суддями) завідомо
неправосудного вироку, рішення, ухвали або постанови. Під родовим об’єктом досліджуваного кримінального правопорушення
потрібно вважати правосуддя, основним безпосереднім об’єктом – правосуддя в
частині забезпечення права на постановлення судом правосудного рішення,
предметом – будь-яке судове рішення, в тому числі й висновки та рішення
Конституційного Суду України. З об’єктивної сторони кримінальне правопорушення, передбачене ч. 1 ст. 375
КК України є кримінальним правопорушенням із формальним складом, а
передбачене ч. 2 ст. 375 КК України – кримінальним правопорушенням із
матеріальним складом, оскільки передбачає обов’язкове настання тяжких наслідків.
Суб’єктами кримінального правопорушення, передбаченого ст. 375 КК
України можуть бути судді судів загальної юрисдикції, судді Конституційного Суду
України та присяжні. З суб’єктивної сторони – це діяння вчиняється виключно з прямим умислом. Висловлено пропозиції щодо вдосконалення змісту ст. 375 КК України, а також
щодо необхідності доповнення Кримінальний кодекс України ст. 375-1 «Прийняття
третейським суддею (суддями) завідомо незаконного рішення». В работе на основе изучения научной литературы, законодательных и других нормативно-правовых актов и судебной практики осуществлен системный анализ
вопросов уголовной ответственности за вынесение судьей (судьями) заведомо
неправосудного приговора, решения, определения или постановления.
Под родовым объектом исследуемого уголовного преступления следует
считать правосудие, основным непосредственным объектом – правосудие в части
обеспечения права на постановления судом правосудного решения, предметом –
любое судебное решение в том числе выводы и решения Конституционного Суда
Украины. С объективной стороны уголовное правонарушение, предусмотренное ч. 1
ст. 375 УК Украины является уголовным правонарушением с формальным составом,
а предусмотренное ч. 2 ст. 375 УК Украины – уголовным правонарушением с
материальным составом, поскольку предусматривает обязательное наступление
тяжких последствий. Субъектами уголовного правонарушения, предусмотренного ст. 375 УК
Украины могут быть судьи судов общей юрисдикции, судьи Конституционного
Суда Украины и присяжные. С субъективной стороны это деяние совершается исключительно с прямым
умыслом. Высказаны предложения по совершенствованию содержания ст. 375 УК
Украины, а также о необходимости дополнения УК Украины ст. 375-1 «Принятие
третейским судьей (судьями) заведомо незаконного решения». The paper provides system-based analysis of the issue of criminal liability for delivering knowingly unfair sentence, judgment, ruling or order by the judge (judges)
based on the study of academic literature, legislative acts, other regulations, and case law.
It has been proved that although criminal liability for unjust (dishonest) judgment of
persons authorized to administer justice has been historically inherent in national law since
ancient times, a separate norm that would provide punishment for delivering unfair
judgment appeared only in the Hungarian Criminal Code in 1789. Historical and legal research shows that in the sources of criminal law being in force on the territory of Ukraine there was a rather clear system of crimes, which today are
covered by the concept of “delivery of unfair court judgment”. That system was built
taking into consideration the manner of proceeding (civil or criminal), the substance of the
judgment delivered by the judge (improvement or deterioration of the convict’s position).
The study of foreign Criminal Codes led to the conclusion that the Criminal Codes
of foreign countries traditionally make use of two approaches towards the norm attracting
criminal liability of the judge for delivering unjust judgment: 1) the relevant provision is
contained in the structural part of the Criminal Code, which directly relates to criminal
liability for crimes against justice; 2) liability for such acts arises according to the norms
that establish liability for official crimes. Justice should be considered as the generic object of the criminal offence under
study; the main direct object is justice with regard to ensuring the right to fair judgment in
court; the subject is any court judgment including conclusions and judgments of the
Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Since the Constitution of Ukraine clearly states that justice in our country is
administered only by courts, justice should be regarded as law enforcement activities of
the court in terms of consideration and resolution of civil, criminal, commercial and
administrative cases in the procedural order prescribed by the law to protect human and
citizen rights and freedoms, the rights and legitimate interests of legal entities and the state
interests. Objectively, the criminal offence covered by paragraph 1, Article 375 of the
Criminal Code of Ukraine is a formally defined crime, while the criminal offence covered
by paragraph 2, Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is a materially defined crime
as it necessarily causes heavy consequences. The delivery of the court decision has the following stages: drawing up, signing and
announcing the respective judicial act. The moment when there is an absence of the
elements of criminal offence covered by Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is
the moment of proclamation of the operative part of the judgment. However, the following
circumstances of the case should be taken into consideration when we speak of the
termination of certain criminal offence covered by Article 375 of the Criminal Code of
Ukraine: manner of proceeding (as a matter of fact, in civic, commercial or administrative
proceedings, only introductory and operative parts may be proclaimed, whereas in criminal proceedings – the sentence is read out as a whole); peculiarities of legal
proceedings (written proceedings, summary procedure); presence or absence of the parties.
The judges of the Courts of General Jurisdiction, the judges of the Constitutional
Court of Ukraine and the jury may be the subjects of the criminal offence under Article
375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. From the subjective aspect, this act is done exclusively willfully and knowingly.
It has been proved that the actions of an incompetent judge to make an unfair court
judgment may fall under the Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine only in those
cases when, in addition to being aware of his/her incompetence, he/she was also aware of
the fact of making a knowingly unfair sentence, judgment, ruling or order. If there are no
elements of advance awareness, precise understanding of the illegality of the decision
made, then there is an absence of crime in the act under the Article 375 of the Criminal
Code of Ukraine because there is no evidence of subjective aspects of the given criminal
offence. It has been proved that it is inexpedient to institute criminal proceedings against the
judge for negligent delivery of judgment because: the judge may be subject to disciplinary
responsibility for delivering unlawful court judgment; the establishment of such liability
will complicate the distinction between criminal acts and different understanding and
interpretation of vaguely worded legal provisions; the establishment of such criminal
liability would be an example of excessive criminalization. Delivery of knowingly unfair sentence, judgment, ruling or order should be clearly
distinguished from miscarriage of justice, which is unintentional. Making an illegal
decision due to miscarriage of justice usually entails disciplinary actions against the judge.
In the sanctions of Part 1 and Part 2 of Art. 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine it
is not expedient to carry the punishment in the form of a fine as an alternative punishment,
as it is unlikely to achieve the main purpose of punishment – correction of a person. As a mandatory additional punishment, it would be appropriate, taking into account
foreign experience, in the sanctions of Art. 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to
provide punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or to be
engaged in certain activity. Suggestions for improving the content of Art. 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine
have been made, as well as the need to supplement the Criminal Code of Ukraine with the
Art. 375-1 "Knowingly unlawful judgment delivered by an arbitrator (arbitrators)" has
been pointed out.
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Valle, Dirceu Augusto da Câmara. "Bem jurídico e competência no Processo Penal Militar: efetividade da justiça e dignidade do jurisdicionado". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6665.
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-19The research investigates the role of the legal criminal assets in setting the criminal procedural competence in the military sphere. Due to this, it is developed a relationship of implication between the substantive law and the especial instrumental law. Analyzes the constitutional legitimacy of the military criminal proceedings from an interpretive retelling of military criminal procedure code in order to establish, above all, more democratic precise contours, paying attention to the existing constitutional vectors, applying the principle of natural justice in military courts, highlighting the Inter-American court decisions of human rights. Examines the condition of allocation of criminal legal interests tied to hierarchy and discipline in order to establish whether or not the jurisdiction of special courts.It is discussed the social role of the agent as a fixation element of competence, looking away literal and isolated interpretations from the castrense repressive statute as a whole. The problems encountered throughout the text reverberate in access to criminal justice, and particularly in the context of execution of criminal due process, the constitutional guarantee, all contributing to a better assessment of the criteria involve setting the natural judge, with projections guidelines for conflicts of jurisdiction submitted to the higher courts, and also the issues that plague both the military justice courts as courts of justice
A pesquisa investiga o papel do bem jurídico-penal na fixação da competência processual penal na esfera militar. Para tanto, desenvolve-se uma relação de implicação entre o direito material e o direito instrumental especial. Analisa-se a legitimidade constitucional do processo penal castrense a partir de uma releitura interpretativa do Código de Processo Penal Militar, a fim de estabelecer contornos mais precisos e, sobretudo, democráticos, atentando aos vetores constitucionais vigentes, à aplicação do princípio do juiz natural na Justiça Militar, com destaque para decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Examina-se a condição de afetação de bens jurídicos penais atados à hierarquia e à disciplina, a fim de estabelecer, ou não, a competência da justiça especializada. Aborda-se o papel social do agente, como elemento de fixação da competência, procurando-se afastar interpretações literais e isoladas do estatuto repressivo castrense, mas desprendidas quando cotejadas com o ordenamento como um todo. As problemáticas enfrentadas ao longo do texto repercutem no acesso à justiça penal e, particularmente, no âmbito de efetivação do devido processo legal, cara garantia constitucional, tudo a contribuir para uma melhor aferição dos critérios a envolver a fixação do juiz natural, com projeções orientadoras para os conflitos de competência submetidos às Cortes Superiores e, também, às questões que atormentam tanto os Tribunais de Justiça Militar como os Tribunais de Justiça
Libros sobre el tema "Criminal judge"
1
Hanging judge. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996.
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Ehrenfreund, Norbert. You Be the Judge. Naperville: Sourcebooks, Inc., 2008.
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Vanek, David. Fulfilment: Memoirs of a criminal court judge. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1999.
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Ponsor, Michael A. The Hanging Judge. New York: Open Road Integrated Media, 2013.
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Ponsor, Michael A. The hanging judge. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education, Inc., 2013.
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Bax, Ernest Belfort. The criminal court judge, and The odd trick. Vancouver: Socialist Party of Canada, 1997.
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Institute, Pennsylvania Bar. Adventures in Sarajevo: A Philadelphia judge goes international. Mechanicsburg, PA: Pennsylvania Bar Institute, 2006.
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D, Jackson John. Judge without jury: Diplock trials in the adversary system. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
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Ehrenfreund, Norbert. You be the judge: 20 true crimes and cases for you to solve. Naperville, Ill: Sphinx Pub., 2008.
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Robertshaw, Paul. Jury and judge: The Crown Court in action. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Criminal judge"
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Watson, Andrew. "Opinions on the Lay Judge System". En Popular Participation in Japanese Criminal Justice, 145–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35077-6_9.
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Munir, Muhammad Amir. "Judging in a Therapeutic Way: TJ Audit of Juvenile, Probation and Criminal Procedure Law in Pakistan with Reference to Therapeutic Design and Therapeutic Application of Law". En The Responsive Judge, 241–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1023-2_9.
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Pivaty, Anna y Marieke Dubelaar. "New Public Management and the role of the Dutch trial judge". En Efficiency and Bureaucratisation of Criminal Justice, 108–28. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003207818-7.
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Lewis, Margaret K. "Who Shall Judge? Taiwan’s Exploration of Lay Participation in Criminal Trials". En Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific, 437–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0350-0_25.
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Sal, Sebastián. "Interview With Judge Ariel Oscar Lijo, Judge in Charge of the Federal Court Number 4 on Criminal Matters, Argentina". En Trends in the Judiciary, 117–30. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429260513-15.
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Fedorova, Masha y Sophie Mommers. "Legal Judge". En Elgar Encyclopedia of Crime and Criminal Justice. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781789902990.legal.judge.
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Cullen, Paul. "Lord Rodger and the Criminal Law". En Judge and Jurist, 398–411. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677344.003.0032.
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Sanders, Andrew, Richard Young y Mandy Burton. "10. Trial by judge and jury". En Criminal Justice, 553–608. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199541317.003.0010.
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Sprack, John y Michael Engelhardt–Sprack. "Judge-only Trials". En A Practical Approach to Criminal Procedure. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843566.003.0023.
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Historically, trial on indictment in England and Wales has always been in front of a judge and jury. The principle, which for some has acquired virtually constitutional status, is that someone accused of a serious crime has the right to be tried by a jury of his peers, who are the sole determiners of guilt. Central to the argument in favour of jury involvement in trial on indictment is the concept that ordinary citizens ought to participate in the criminal justice system in this central role, as a crucial part of the democratic process. As Lord Devlin put it, the jury is ‘the lamp that shows that freedom lives’.
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Meron, Theodor. "From Classroom to a Criminal Courtroom". En Standing Up for Justice, 31–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863434.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses the author’s transition from being a teacher to being an international criminal Judge. The life of a Judge is much more circumscribed by rules and traditions than the life of a teacher. Both national and international courts have typically adopted codes of professional and ethical conduct, which often include or are accompanied by disciplinary rules to ensure compliance and accountability. It is important to understand that the core mandate of an international criminal court is to try individuals within a governing legal framework and to determine whether—given the specific evidence presented and admitted by the court—the responsibility of an individual accused of international crimes has been established beyond reasonable doubt. The chapter then recounts the author’s experience as an international criminal Judge and assesses whether academics make good criminal Judges.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Criminal judge"
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Mohammed, Ausama. "Criminal risk and its impact on criminal individualization". En INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp222-237.
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This paper deals with the concept of criminal danger and its effectiveness within the authority of the judge in assessing the penalty, or punitive individualization. Criminal danger as stated in its statement as a psychological condition and potential danger in the future as a result of research and investigation of several factors and motives in the personality of the offender, and research in his social environment, has an impact and close connection With the penalty and its assessment on the offender, the duty to reveal this case falls within the responsibility of the judge through a pre-judgment examination, and it begins from the first stages of committing the crime all the way to the judgment and assessment of the appropriate penalty. It carries it from the privacy and differentiation. As for assessing and individualizing the penalty, it is the result of a correct and in-depth reading of the offender’s personality to reach what is better and more appropriate for the offender towards reforming and returning him fit to live in society.
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"JUDGE AS AN INDEPENDENT PARTICIPANT OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS". En LEGAL ISSUES OF STRENGTHENING RUSSIAN STATEHOOD. Vol. 79. Tomsk State University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/9785946217637/16.
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Neupauer, František. "Dr. Korbuly Pál, sudca Štátneho súdu v Bratislave". En Protistátní trestné činy včera a dnes. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9976-2021-10.
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The history of law indeed refers to persons handing down judgments and often offers interesting stories, such as the story of a judge working under various political regimes Dr. Pavel Korbuly (1906–1970). On May 4, 1934, Korbuly was appointed a single judge in criminal matters, after 1948 he became an instrument of justice under the communist regime and was one of the most active judges of the State Court in Bratislava. Prior to the Vienna Arbitration, he was a judge in the Czechoslovak Republic, then in Hungary, and after 1948 he was one of the judges who tried and sentenced victims of the communist regime (more than 500 people) in Slovakia. By the same communist regime, however, Korbuly was later prosecuted due to his active support of the anti-communist uprising in Hungary in 1956. Unlike others, he was one of the judges who had realized their responsibility for convicting the innocent and committed public repentance. From this perspective, his life story is unique in Central Europe as well as worldwide.
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Maizītis, Jānis. "Kriminālprocesa uzraudzības problemātika Latvijā". En The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.1.14.
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The author examines the independence of an investigator as the driver of criminal proceedings, and does so in the context of the rights of a judge, a prosecutor and an investigator in charge of an investigation. The independence of the investigator is examined keeping in mind their rights and responsibilities, and the reflections begin with an overview of the investigator's historical rights and responsibilities, as well as the duty of the supervising prosecutor as the driver of criminal proceedings to oversee the actions of a particular investigator. The author analyses the recent amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law and focuses on finding more effective supervisory mechanisms of criminal proceedings, whilst keeping in mind the necessity for the driver of criminal proceedings to be independent in order to achieve the goals of this process. The assessment of this independence is done in relation to the simplified criminal proceedings. As a result of the questions examined within this article, the author suggests several options for improving the supervisory mechanisms of criminal proceedings in Latvia.
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Skutele, Signe. "Kriminālprocesa iepriekšējās izmeklēšanas reformas Krievijas impērijā iemesli, mērķi un perspektīvas 19. gs. 60. gados". En Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.33.
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In the context of police organization, conduct and authority during the 18th and 19th centuries, the approach whereby the police authority conducted preliminary investigations occasioned dissatisfaction, therefore in 1860 several legislative acts were adopted, which changed the procedures for conducting the preliminary investigation of criminal proceedings by introducing a new institute – an investigating judge. The author in this publication has examined the elements of the reform of the public administration and legal system, as well as analysed the reasons for the reform of the preliminary investigation and the establishment of the institute of the investigating judge. The author has drawn conclusions regarding the development of the public administration and legal system of the Russian Empire within the framework of Western legal traditions, focusing on the reasons, objectives, and prospects of the reform of the preliminary investigation in the 19th century.
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Glynska, N. V. y D. I. Klepka. "SECTION 7. On the issue of remote participation of a judge in criminal proceedings: pros and cons". En HUMAN RIGHTS AND PUBLIC GOVERNANCE IN MODERN CONDITIONS. Baltija Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-320-0-7.
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Ravena, Dey, Hedi Wahyudi y Ade Mahmud. "The Judgment of Judge Against Intention in Determining Criminal Responsibility of Corruption’s Perpetrators to Seek Material Truth". En Proceedings of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sores-18.2019.18.
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Jassim TOMAN, Shaimaa, Aymen Raheem ABDULAALI y Ruqaya Adel HAMZA. "THE AUTHORTY OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE INVESTIGATION AUTHORTY TO GRANT AMNESTY TO THE EMPLOYEE WHEN REPORTING CASES OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL CORRUPTION". En III. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress3-7.
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Financial and administrative corruption is one of the most important risks facing the economies of the countries of the world, especially the economies of developing countries, as it represents a waste of wealth or its investment in unproductive areas, as well as the theft of the bulk of it by the corrupt, as corruption in its many forms represents a great challenge to societies and governments as a whole, which It requires the existence of effective, integrated and broad plans and efforts, whether at the economic, social, legal, educational, political or security levels, to eliminate this dangerous phenomenon, because it represents a natural product of abnormal and negative situations in the absence of legal accountability with the progress of effective government legislation, and the importance of research lies in Contribute to the modernization of Iraqi legislation by finding solutions that contribute to detecting corruption crimes in state departments and then trying to limit their spread, as well as encouraging reporting cases of financial and administrative corruption in state institutions. The Code of Criminal Procedure granted the investigative judge the power to offer a judicial pardon to the accused of a felony in Article 129 of the Code of Criminal Procedure No. (23 of 1971), and with reference to the amended State Employees Discipline Law No. 14 of 1994, we did not find such authorization To the administrative investigation authorities, despite the contribution of many state employees to the detection of cases of financial and administrative corruption, and the problem of research arises about whether one of the employees involved in the crime of corruption submitted to his administration for news of administrative and financial violations that constitute a criminal offense if proven, so is it permissible for the investigation authority The administration offered amnesty from prosecution in the event that the employee provided important information that reveals the network of financial and administrative corruption in his department, and does this have any impact on the authority of the criminal investigation? After researching the concept of the public employee and then researching the phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption in state departments and the concept of judicial pardon and the authority of the administrative investigation authority to offer amnesty to the accused, it became clear to us that offering judicial pardon to the accused is the jurisdiction of the investigative judge alone, in exchange for obtaining the testimony of the accused against other perpetrators, and that the administrative investigation authority does not have the authority to offer amnesty to the accused employee, and this pardon does not have any obligatory effect for the investigative judge, and the research concluded with the development of proposals represented in updating laws to confront major developments in the field of methods of committing crimes, by proposing to amend Article (10) From the Law of Discipline of State and Public Sector Employees No. (14 of 1991) and Article 129 of the Code of Criminal Procedure No. (23 of 1971).
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Kudryavtsev, Vladislav L. y Sergey A. Pyashin. "Internal Conviction of a Judge in the Context of Making a Knowingly Unjust Verdict, Decision or Other Judicial Act: Some Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Problems". En Современные тенденции развития частного права, исполнительного производства и способов юридической защиты. Санкт-Петербург: Санкт-Петербургский институт (филиал) федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования "Всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (РПА Минюста России)", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47645/9785604917459_99.
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Lorincz, Anca-Lelia y Adriana Iuliana Stancu. "ADMISSIBILITY OF THE CONTESTATION REGARDING THE DURATION OF THE CRIMINAL TRIAL IN CASES WITH UNKNOWN AUTHORS". En 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s02.007.
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In the regulation of the current Romanian Code of Criminal Procedure (Law no. 135/2010, entered into force on February 1, 2014), the contestation regarding the duration of the criminal trial was conceived as a procedural remedy in the case of the lack of celerity of the judicial bodies. The lack of promptness of the criminal investigation bodies can lead to the violation of the fundamental right to resolve the case within a reasonable term, as a component of the right to a fair trial, enshrined in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (art. 6 par. 1). Starting from a recent decision of the supreme court in Romania (Decision of the High Court of Cassation and Justice no. 7/2022) pronounced in the resolution of a recourse in the interest of the law, the present work addresses the issue of the admissibility of the contestation regarding the duration of the criminal trial in the case of facts whose authors have not been identified. In this study, the following research methods are used: documentation, interpretation and scientific analysis (including the comparative analysis of some jurisprudential solutions). The study aims to contribute to the unified interpretation and application of the provisions relating to the special procedure of contestation regarding the duration of the criminal trial, as currently regulated in the Romanian Code of Criminal Procedure. The paper emphasizes the need to exercise the active role of the criminal investigation bodies in the administration of evidence, including in cases with unknown authors. The conclusion is that, considering the hierarchy of normative acts, the application of methodological norms (with lower legal force than the law) regarding the administrative organization of criminal investigation activities in cases with unidentified perpetrators cannot have the effect of diminishing the role of the contestation regarding the duration of the criminal trial, as a remedy in speeding up the procedure, when the judge of rights and freedoms finds that the reasonable duration of these activities has been exceeded.
Informes sobre el tema "Criminal judge"
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Brink, Malia, Jiacheng Yu y Pamela Metzger. Grading Injustice: Initial Appearance Report Cards. SMU Dedman School of Law, septiembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/dc.9.
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Arrested people across the United States often wait in jail for days, weeks, or even months before seeing a judge or meeting an attorney. In November 2021, the Deason Criminal Justice Reform Center published Ending Injustice: Solving the Initial Appearance Crisis, a comprehensive report about this ongoing crisis in pre-trial due process. That report described the devastating consequences of delayed and uncounseled initial appearances. Now, these Initial Appearance Report Cards offer a closer look at the laws governing post-arrest procedures in each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. While the Deason Center’s previous report provided an overview of the initial appearance crisis nationwide, the Initial Appearance Report Cards are a rigorous assessment of the laws in almost every jurisdiction in the country. These report cards reveal enormous gaps in the legal protections accorded to people accused of crimes, illuminating both the scope of the initial appearance crisis and our urgent need to solve it.
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Mutebi, Natasha. Problem-solving courts. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, UK Parliament, julio de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn700.
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Problem-solving courts (PSC) are a problem-solving approach targeting the complex needs of individuals within the criminal or family justice systems. Over the last 20 years, PSC have been introduced into the UK to address the personal, social and structural factors underlying behavioural issues that often contribute to re-offending. In June 2023, the Ministry of Justice launched three courts with problem-solving components referred to as Intensive Supervision Courts (ISC). Focusing on rehabilitative outcomes, PSC combine intervention programmes with judicial oversight through regular reviews. By placing judges and magistrates at the centre of rehabilitation, PSC target individuals or families with complex needs, who might not benefit from standard court proceedings and supervision, with an aim to improve long-term life outcomes. This POSTnote provides an overview of PSC in England and Wales. It outlines different PSC and courts with PSC elements that operate within adult criminal courts, family courts and youth courts across England and Wales, drawing data from case studies in the UK and, where relevant, internationally. It also discusses potential challenges to fully implement PSC and their approaches as well as opportunities for more effective implementation of PSC across England and Wales. Key points Key elements of PSC include intensive intervention programmes, that seek to address underlying social and health issues through regular judicial monitoring and cross-governmental collaborative efforts. Several ongoing PSC and courts with PSC elements operate within adult criminal courts, family courts and youth courts across England and Wales. Although there is a substantial international evidence base, there seems to be limited evidence about the effectiveness of PSC in the UK due to inconsistent implementation and evaluation. Challenges to PSC implementation can include costs, lack of funding, limited evidence, procedural issues and lack of widespread judicial engagement. Opportunities for effective PSC implementation include use of existing resources, multi-agency partnerships, advocating for specialist services and a change in culture within the judiciary.