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Salazar Solarte, Rosa Inés. "El crimen sexual en Colombia, la corte penal internacional y el acuerdo de paz". Nueva Época, n.º 48 (1 de junio de 2017): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/0124-0013/nueva_epoca.48.2017.3613.
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En el presente artículo, desde una perspectiva analítica, se clarifica si un caso de violencia sexual en Colombia, con ocasión del conflicto armado, pueda ejercer competencia la CPI. Para esta reflexión se parte de la definición conceptual de bien jurídico y su importancia; luego nos ubicamos en el bien jurídico que tutela los delitos sexuales, no sólo en el contexto específico nacional, -de la libertad, integridad, formación sexual-, sino también en el Derecho Penal Internacional, que garantiza bienes jurídicos colectivos como la seguridad, la paz internacional, y otras más concretamente como la integridad física/psíquica, el honor y la autodeterminación personal (sexual) de la víctima (I). Se hace hincapié en los diferentes tipos de violencia consagrados en nuestro Código Penal y en el Derecho Penal Internacional, donde se relaciona lo que se entiende por violación (II). Adicionalmente, se analizan los argumentos jurisprudenciales que ha brindado la Corte Constitucional colombiana en la sentencia T-458 de 2007 que se refiere al consentimiento en los delitos sexuales y en cuyo pronunciamiento específica que se adopta la regla No. 70 de las Reglas de Procedimiento y Prueba del Estatuto de Roma; lo que nos lleva al estudio del concepto de consentimiento en la CPI. Este alude a la presunción de no existencia de consentimiento en el crimen de la violación sexual (III). La exposición analizará de manera sistemática el test o examen de complementariedad de la CPI (IV). Y por último, se dará una reseña del Acuerdo de Paz suscrito entre el Gobierno y las FARC, así como del concepto de delito de lesa humanidad (V). En las conclusiones se resumen los resultados del estudio (VI).
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Ziółkowska, Krystyna y Sandra Omieczyńska. "Odpowiedzialność karnoskarbowa za uporczywe niewpłacanie podatku i nieterminowe wpłacanie podatku". Doradztwo Podatkowe - Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych 8, n.º 312 (31 de agosto de 2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9753.
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Model obowiązującego systemu podatkowego, odpowiadający obranym celom gospodarczym i politycznym, wymaga od obywateli ponoszenia określonych ciężarów i świadczeń publicznych, wśród których doniosłe znaczenie mają należności publicznoprawne w postaci podatków. Niejednokrotnie podatnicy, płatnicy i inkasenci pozostają w zwłoce w wykonywaniu nałożonych na nich obowiązków podatkowych, wskutek czego powstają liczne zaległości podatkowe. Ustawodawca określił w rozdziale VI ustawy z dnia 10 września 1999 r. – Kodeks karny skarbowy1 katalog czynów, które wskutek naruszenia podstawowych zobowiązań podatkowych godzą w państwowy interes fiskalny i narażają podatek na uszczuplenie. Czynami podlegającymi penalizacji są m.in. nieterminowe wpłacanie podatku i uporczywe niewpłacanie podatku, uregulowane w art. 57 i 77 k.k.s. w zależności od zindywidualizowanego podmiotu będącego sprawcą czynu zabronionego. Na gruncie wskazanych przepisów powstaje wiele wątpliwości interpretacyjnych z uwagi na zastosowanie nieostrego pojęcia uporczywości. Fundamentalna zasada nullum crimen sine lega certa et stricta nakazuje zaś zachować stylistyczną jasność w formułowaniu przepisów. Dopiero dokładna analiza i uznanie wszystkich znamion przestępstwa za wypełnione pozwalają pociągnąć obywatela do odpowiedzialności karnoskarbowej.
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Giumetti, Fausto. "Publica auctoritas, impudicitia e apresentação do corpo em duas controversiae de Sêneca o Reitor". Revista da Faculdade de Direito UFPR 66, n.º 3 (27 de abril de 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rfdufpr.v66i3.85383.
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Neste trabalho são examinados dois acontecimentos narrados nas controversiae de Sêneca (o Reitor), relacionados a diferentes situações interligadas pela sanção que o autor julgou ser aplicável a apresentações inadequadas do corpo, tanto em relação a um cidadão particular – o caso do adolescente que sai de casa à noite vestido de mulher e que, portanto, pode eventualmente ser considerado vítima de stuprum cum vi – quanto a um magistrado no exercício de suas funções – aquele que, na atividade de jus dicere, usa roupas que não condizem com o ofício que possui. A utilização de fontes retóricas de natureza didática é de grande interesse, pois permite exercícios modelados a partir de possíveis casos reais, com os quais os amantes da arte dialética são convidados a se entreter, ora representando o papel de acusação, ora o de defesa. Busca-se demonstrar que a apresentação pública do corpo, se realizada em violação ao código de vestimenta socialmente aceito, produzia na Roma Antiga consequências jurídicas significativas, como a privação do direito de falar em assembleia pública (contio) ou, no caso de o magistrado ter ofendido, com seu traje, a respeitabilidade da res publica, a imputação de crimen maiestatis.
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Schaarschmidt, Gunter. "Review of Paul Robert Magocsi. This Blessed Land: Crimea and the Crimean Tatars." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 6, n.º 1 (2 de abril de 2019): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus480.
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Book review of Paul Robert Magocsi. This Blessed Land: Crimea and the Crimean Tatars. Chair of Ukrainian Studies, University of Toronto, 2014. Distributed by U of Toronto P. vi, 154 pp. Illustrations. Maps. Notes. Select English-language bibliography. Illustration Sources and Credits. $27.95, cloth.
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Chadimova, Michala. "Sexual Slavery and Members of a Terrorist Group – What is the Future of the 'Boko Haram' Trial at the International Criminal Court?" Journal of Human Trafficking, Enslavement and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence 1, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2020): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/266644720x16061196655061.
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Crimes committed by the members of Boko Haram in Nigeria are not only the subject of national trials but also of preliminary examination at the International Criminal Court (ICC). This article focuses on the sexual slavery perpetrated by Boko Haram, describes how the crimes are viewed within the national Nigerian criminal process and addresses the possibility of prosecution of the crimes at the ICC.<br/> This article analyses the legal terminology used to describe the crimes connected to Boko Haram – enslavement, sexual slavery, human trafficking and terrorism – and their interaction. While providing an overview of the ICC's current preliminary examination into the situation in Nigeria, this article discusses how the principle of complementarity is potentially holding the OTP back from the formal investigation.<br/> Furthermore, an overview of cases at the ICC that have involved charges of sexual slavery or enslavement will be provided. By analysing the Court's findings in relation to elements of sexual slavery, this article provides an insightful view into the Court's rhetoric on this crime. Similarly, this article discusses modes of liability that have been employed in the Katanga/Chui and Ntaganda cases and provides a learning opportunity for future cases of sexual slavery as both a crime against humanity (Article 7(1)(g) of the Rome Statute) and a war crime (Article 8(2)(e)(vi) of the Rome Statute; 8(2)(b)(xxii) of the Rome Statute).
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Chicarelli, Thissiane y Bruno Ap Souza. "A relativização da responsabilidade do agente no crime de estupro: no âmbito da dosimetria da pena". Revista do Curso de Direito 15, n.º 15 (27 de noviembre de 2020): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15603/2176-1094/rcd.v15n15p79-100.
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O objetivo do artigo é o estudo do tipo penal de estupro, comparando-o com os outros tipos penais existentes no Código Penal, especificamente, previstos no Título VI – Dos Crimes Contra a Dignidade Sexual, do Capitulo I – Dos Crimes Contra a Liberdade Sexual, e demonstrar como a chamada “cultura do estupro” influencia para que muitas vezes banalize- se o referido crime, o que resulta em condenações injustas que violam vários princípios constitucionais, como o princípio da presunção da inocência e o princípio da proporcionalidade, trazendo diversas consequências para a vida do acusado. Assim, realiza pesquisa descritiva e explicativa, a partir do exame de fontes bibligráficas (doutrina e jurisprudência), bem como, casos práticos, adotando-se o método de hipotético-dedutivo. Ao final concluiu que o crime de estupro é perfeitamente distinguível dos outros tipos penais existentes em nosso ordenamento jurídico e que é necessário que o julgador conheça seus elementos caracterizadores para que tais condenações injustas sejam evitadas e, principalmente, livres de ideologias.
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Qaiser, Khushbakht, Zarfishan Qaiser y Zaheer Abbas Chughtai. "The Indispensability of Forensic Accuracy in Criminal Justice System". Global Legal Studies Review VI, n.º IV (30 de diciembre de 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(vi-iv).02.
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DNA analysis has transformed forensic science, assisting in the capture of serial killers and the exoneration of innocent people falsely accused of major crimes. As DNA profiling becomes more sensitive and is utilized in more cases, it is critical that public and professional expectations are based on reality rather than television crime drama. In the pursuit of justice, DNA evidence is a useful and neutral instrument. DNA evidence will play an increasingly essential part in investigating crimes in the future, whether it helps convictor absolve persons. As a result, victims will receive better justice, and communities will be safer. This article discusses the vitality of DNA in the criminal justice system and provides an analysis pertaining to international practices.
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Dwipayana, Ni Luh Ayu Mondrisa, Setiyono Setiyono y Hatarto Pakpahan. "Cyberbullying Di Media Sosial". Bhirawa Law Journal 1, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/blj.v1i2.5483.
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The development of community needs in information technology plays a very important role, both in positive and negative sides. One of the most disturbing and developing cyber crimes today is crimes related to a person’s freedom of privacy, namely cyber bullying. The issues raised were the application of positive laws regarding the crime of cyberbullying as a cybercrime crime and the cause of bullying that occurred on social media. The research method used is the normative research method, due to the absence of norms for regulatingcyber bullying in Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions as amended by Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions.. Cyberbullying is a new type of crime when viewed from the media used, namely electronic media, the easier it is to make social media a place to commit cyberbullying crimes from several reasons that are intended to fulfill aggressive attitudes and personal feelings that dominate the perpetrator, then this should be the concern of all law enforcers wherecyberbullying is rampant on social media. Therefore, for the cyberbullying phenomenon, the application of positive law on the crime of cybebullying has been explained based on article 27 paragraph (3) of Law Number 19 of 2016, amendments to Law number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, and has a relationship between articles 310 and 311 of the Criminal Code, and the Constitutional Court Decisions Number 50 / PUU-VI / 2008 concerning complaint offenses referring to the phenomenon of cyberbullying
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Nizar, Muhammad. "KEJAHATAN NAMA DOMAIN BERKAITAN DENGAN MEREK". Yuridika 33, n.º 1 (8 de febrero de 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v33i1.5686.
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Indonesia already has an ITE Law governing domain names in general terms and on certain provisions in chapter VI, but the regulation of domain name crimes is not regulated in the ITE Law as mandated in the academic draft of the ITE Bill. The absence of regulation of domain name norm in the ITE Law creates problems with registrant of domain name (registrant) which deliberately register the domain name is bad faith. The characteristic of a crime in a domain name relating to the mark is that the registered domain name has an equation in essence with another party’s well-known brand, the act of doing so by exploiting a reputation for well-known or previously commercially valuable names as domain names for addresses for sites (websites) it manages. The Prosecutor may include articles of the KUHP in filing his indictment before the Court during the absence of special regulatory provisions concerning domain name crime.
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Tarwacka, Anna. "STOSOWANIE RZYMSKICH USTAW KARNYCH WOBEC PIRATÓW". Zeszyty Prawnicze 8, n.º 2 (25 de junio de 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2008.8.2.05.
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The Usage of the Roman Criminal Laws against PiratesSummaryThe last two centuries of the Roman Republic were a period of the most intensive piratical activity in the Mediterranean Sea. The Romans recognized this peril too late to be able to deal with it easily. Piracy of this period may be considered a crime on an international scale.There were no separate legal acts penalizing piracy, the maritime bandits were subject to the leges penalizing single crimes. Among these the most important were the leges de vi concerning using of force in public and private life; lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis penalizing murder and carrying of weapons. These regulations were further extended to punish theft from shipwrecks and violence against sailors. Selling free citizens and and taking them hostage was subject to the lex Fabia de plagio.
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Kropotov, Viktor, Irina Rukavishnikova y Denis Beilin. "Revisiting the Origin Time of the Sarmatians in the Crimean Steppe". Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2022): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.11.
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The study deals with the question of determining time of the first appearance of the Sarmatians in the Crimean Steppe. Discrepancy between scientific interpretations of ancient written sources and dating by archaeological researches can be observed: while the former admit that the Sarmatians inhabited the Crimean peninsula in 3rd – 2nd centuries BC, the later assume the origin time to be the late 1st century BC. The monument considered in the article is burial 80 of kurgan Ungut-1 which partially helps to overcome this discrepancy. The studied monument is a single burial of a male positioned on his back with his head oriented to the north accompanied by a moulded pot, a fibula, a knife and a bead. These grave goods and, the first of all, fibula date back the burial to the early 1st century BC, and allow this Sarmatian complex to be considered the earliest precisely dated one in the Crimea. This fact indicates the presence of the nomads on the peninsula during the reign of Mithradates VI Eupator. At the same time, the examined monument does not mitigate completely discrepancies existing between ancient written sources and massive archaeological material regarding their timing. The only indisputable fact is that the nomads were there during the events of the Diophantine wars. However, their presence on the Crimean peninsula in earlier periods, especially in the late 4th – early 3rd centuries BC, remains disputable.
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CAPP, BERNARD. "WOMEN AND THE EVERYDAY IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE". Historical Journal 44, n.º 1 (marzo de 2001): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x01001753.
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Singlewomen in the European past, 1250–1800. Edited by Judith M. Bennett and Amy M. Froide. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania University Press, 1999. Pp. vi+352. ISBN 0-8122-1668-7.Renaissance culture and the everyday. Edited by Patricia Fumerton and Simon Hunt. Philadelphia: Penn State Press, 1999. Pp. vi+366. ISBN 0-8122-1663-6.The crimes of women in early modern Germany. By Ulinka Rublack. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999. Pp. ix+292. ISBN 0-19-820637-2.
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Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan, Muhammad Tariq y Sana Sultan. "A Cross-Tabulation Analysis of Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime: Evidence from Women Jail Multan, Pakistan". Global Social Sciences Review VI, n.º I (30 de marzo de 2021): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(vi-i).14.
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The crime rate in Pakistan has increased severely within the last decade. It may be because of high unemployment, increasing poverty, income, rising inflation and urbanized setups. Few noneconomic constraints are also responsible for it. The study has been made with reference to Women Jail Multan. The 70 female prisoners are selected via a random sampling method. The data are collected by interviewing them. The study has used the type of crime as the dependent variable. Purely crime-related variables and socio-economic factors of crime have been used as explanatory variables. Both purely crime-related variables and socio-economic variables have found effect size with the type of crime.
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Vandyshev, A. "Christianity on the Bosporus in the III–VI centuries". Voprosy kul'turologii (Issues of Cultural Studies), n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-01-2003-03.
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Historically, the Christian archeological monuments discovered in the territory of modern Kerch and the ancient Bosporus state are considered, as well as their significance for the study of the dissemination of Christianity in the Crimea (Tavrida).
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Arcari, Maurizio. "Responsabilité de l'État pour violations graves du Droit International et système de sécurité collective des Nations Unies". Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional 21 (16 de agosto de 2018): 415–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/010.21.28397.
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I. INTRODUCTION. II. LES SUGGESTIONS ORIGINELLES DE LA C.D.I.: LE SYSTÈME DE SÉCURITÉ COLLECTIVE DES NATIONS UNIES EN TANT QUE MODÈLE NORMATIF DE RÉFÉRENCE POUR LE RÉGIME JURIDIQUE DES CONSÉQUENCES DES CRIMES INTERNATIONAUX. III. LA PROLIFÉRATION DES INTERVENTIONS DU CONSEIL DE SÉCURITÉ DANS LE DOMAINE DE LA RESPONSABILITÉ INTERNATIONALE ET LES TENTATIVES D’ENCADRER LE SYSTÈME DE LA SÉCURITÉ COLLECTIVE DANS LE SYSTÈME DE LA RESPONSABILITÉ INTERNATIONALE. IV. LE DÉLAISSEMENT DE LA NOTION DU CRIME INTERNATIONAL ET DU RÔLE DE LA SÉCURITÉ COLLECTIVE DANS LA VERSION DÉFINITIVE DU PROJET D’ARTICLES SUR LA RESPONSABILITÉ INTERNATIONALE (2001). V. PROBLÈMES ET PERSPECTIVES DES RELATIONS ACTUELLES ENTRE LE SYSTÈME DE LA RESPONSABILITÉ INTERNATIONALE ET LE SYSTÈME DE LA SÉCURITÉ COLLECTIVE. 1. Le problème de l’applicabilité aux mesures du Conseil de sécurité des conditions de licéité des contre-mesures prévues dans le Projet sur la responsabilité. 2. Le problème des “contre-mesures collectives” et leur rapport avec les mesures arrêtées par le Conseil de sécurité en vertu du Chapitre VII de la Charte. 3. Les conséquences particulières des violations graves des normes impératives et le problème de la coordination entre réactions “institutionalisées” et réactions “non-institutionalisées” à ces violations. VI. CONCLUSIONS
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Ostrohliad, Oleksandr, Oleksandr Torbas, Viktor Zavtur, Vladyslav Sydorchuk y Oleh Fedoriv. "Effectiveness standards for investigation of corruption crimes: Theory and practice". Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, n.º 44 (29 de septiembre de 2021): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.44.08.29.
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The article deals with development of a doctrinal system of effectiveness standards for the investigation of corruption crimes. The study used a number of philosophical, general scientific and specific methods of gaining scientific knowledge, including: dialectical method, hermeneutic method, method of systemic and structural analysis, methods of analysis and synthesis, functional method, formal legal method and modeling method. It is proposed to define the investigation effectiveness as the feature of pre-trial investigation, which is characterized by the ability to achieve the tasks envisioned in Art. 2 of the CPC of Ukraine (Law No. 4651-VI, 2012) and can be assessed by checking the number of objectively necessary procedural actions and the effectiveness of making intermediate and final procedural decisions. It is emphasized that the general standards of investigation effectiveness, formulated by the case law of the ECHR, are partially taken into account in Art. 2 of the CPC of Ukraine (Law No. 4651-VI, 2012) through stating the need of investigation being efficient, complete and impartial. The authors formulate scientific approaches to determining the main criteria for the effectiveness of pre-trial investigation of corruption crimes.
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Skok, Oleksandra y Inna Shylo. "Relations of crimes of different gravity degree in the Criminal code of Ukraine". Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2020): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-1-153-157.
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The article deals with the classification of criminal offenses in the current Criminal Code of Ukraine. All the crimes, the responsibility for which are established in the Special part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, are analyzed and on the basis of this detailed description of crimes of small gravity, crimes of moderate gravity, serious and especially serious crimes is carried out. According to Art. 12 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, depending on the severity of the crimes are divided into crimes of small severity, moderate, serious and especially serious. The legislative classification of crimes was made taking into account the type of punishment (fine and imprisonment), as well as the amount of punishment. This is the norm of the current Criminal Code acquired in accordance with the Law «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Humanization of Liability for Offenses in the Field of Economic Activity» of November 15, 2011 No. 4025-VI. The percentage of different categories of crimes has been analyzed and the impact of the severity of crimes on some criminal liability issues has been determined. A study of the ratio of minor crimes to other categories of crimes showed that minor crimes constitute a fairly significant category of crimes, compared to others, namely 24.9%. In the Special Part of the Criminal Code, there is a «sharp jump» from the category of minor crimes to the category of especially serious crimes, which is connected with the occurrence of especially grave consequences in the qualified criminal offenses.
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Navarro Martínez, Juan Pedro. "Representaciones del pecado nefando en el sistema penitencial: jerarquías, violencia y dinámica procesal en la causa contra Tio Pancho (1748)". Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, n.º 11 (22 de junio de 2022): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2022.11.18.
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En 1748, la Sala de Vizcaya inició un proceso contra Francisco Guerrero, un joven marinero malagueño que portaba un arma blanca. Su proceso judicial revela que el acusado había sido preso por un corso inglés, hecho prisionero en Irlanda, y que tenía pendiente un juicio por reiterado abuso del “pecado nefando” con otros prisioneros. La causa contra Guerrero invita a reconocer la problemática competencia jurisdiccional de los presos, comparar diferencias y similitudes entre el sistema penitencial español y británico, al tiempo que se pretende comprender las dinámicas de comportamiento jerárquico-sexual del universo carcelario. Palabras Claves: Pecado nefando, Prisión, Jerarquías sexuales, Justicia ordinariaTopónimos: Portugalete y KinsalePeriodo: Siglo XVIII ABSTRACT:In 1749, the Court of Vizcaya initiated a process against Francisco Guerrero, a young sailor from Malaga who carried a knife. His judicial process reveals that the accused had been captured by an English Corsair and imprisoned in Ireland. He was also awaiting trial for repeated abuse of "nefarious sin" with other prisoners. The case against Guerrero invites us to acknowledge the problem of jurisdictional competence in relation to prisoners and compare differences and similarities between the Spanish and British penitential systems, while trying to understand the dynamics of hierarchical-sexual behaviour in the prison environment. Key Words: Nefarious Sin, Prison, Sexual Hierarchies, Ordinary JusticePlace names: Portugalete and KinsalePeriod: 18th Century REFERENCIASArmada Naval (1793), Ordenanzas Generales de la Armada Naval. Madrid, Joaquín Ibarra. Tomo II.Berco, C. (2007), Sexual Hierarchies, Public Status. Men, Sodomy, and Society in Spain’s Golden Age, Toronto, University of Toronto Press.Berní y Català, J. (1741), Práctica criminal con nota de los delitos, sus penas, presunciones y circunstancias que los agravan y disminuyen, Valencia, A costa de Simón Fauré.Bloch, M. (1990), Los reyes taumaturgos. México, Fondo de Cultura Económica.Caro, F.P. (2013), “John Howard y su influencia en la reforma penitenciaria europea de finales del siglo XVIII”, EGUZKILORE, 27, pp.149-168.Carrasco, R., Inquisición y represión sexual en Valencia, Historia de los sodomitas, Barcelona, Laertes.Chamocho Cantudo, M. A. (2012), Sodomía. El crimen y pecado contra natura o historia de una intolerancia, Dykinson, Madrid.Cuesta Fernández, J. (2017), “De Trajano a Cómodo. La legislación contra los cristianos fruto de la colaboración entre el emperador y las autoridades provinciales”, Oriente y Occidente en la Antigüedad, Actas del CIJIMA II, Murcia, Centro de Estudios del Próximo Oriente y la Antigüedad Tardía, pp.407-421.Davis, N. Z. (1991), “Las formas de la Historia Social”, Historia Social, 10, primavera-verano, pp. 177-182.Domínguez Rodríguez, C. (1993), Los alcaldes de lo crimina en la Chancillería Castellana, Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid.Elias, N. (1988), El proceso de la civilización. Investigaciones sociogenéticas y psicogenéticas, Ciudad de México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1988.Emperador, C. (2013), “El Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid y la Sala de Vizcaya: fondos documentales por una sala de justicia en el Antiguo Régimen”, Clío Crimen, 10, pp. 13-34.Foucault, M. (2012), Vigilar y castigar. El nacimiento de la prisión, Madrid, Siglo XXI, Biblioteca Nueva.— (2014), Obrar mal, decir la verdad. La función de la confesión en la justicia, Buenos Aires, siglo XXI editores.García Garralón, M. (2014), “Azotes sobre un cañón, carreras de baquetas y el honor perdido: autoridad y justicia en los buques de guerra a fines del siglo XVIII”, El último viaje de la fragata Mercedes. La razón frente al expolio. Un tesoro cultural recuperado, Madrid, Museo Naval, Museo Arqueológico Nacional, 2014, pp. 263-281.Gil Bautista, R. (2012), Almadén y sus Reales Minas de Azogue en el siglo XVIII, Alicante, Universidad de Alicante (tesis doctoral inédita).Ginzburg, C. (1987), “Morelli, Freud y Sherlock Holmes: Indicios y Método científico”, Hueso Húmero, 18, Lima, julio-septiembre.Gómez de Maya, J. (2013), “El codificador ante el crimen nefando”, AHDE, LXXXIII.González Martínez, R. M. (2000), “Abogados de la Real Chancillería y Catedráticos en Valladolid. Permanencias y cambios en las élites de poder (s. XVIII)”, Investigaciones históricas: Época moderna y contemporánea, 20, pp. 11-38.Gorosabel, P. (1899), Noticia de las cosas Memorables de Guipúzcoa, Tolosa, E. López.Guillamón Álvarez, F. J. y Pérez Hervás, J. (1987), “Los forzados de galeras en Cartagena durante el primer tercio del siglo XVIII”, Revista de Historia Naval, Año V, 29, pp. 63-76.Halperin, D. (2002), How to do the History of Homosexuality. Chicago: Universidad de Chicago.Heras Santos, J. L. (1988), “El sistema carcelario de los Austrias en la Corona de Castilla”, Studia Historica. Historia Moderna (Homenaje al Dr. Fernández Álvarez), VI, pp. 523-559.Hernández Sánchez, G. (2018), Ser estudiante en el periodo Barroco. Jurisdicción universitaria, movilización política y sociabilidad de la corporación universitaria salmantina, 1580-1640, Salamanca, ACCI-FEHM.Howard, J. (1777), The State of the Prisons in England and Wales: With Preliminary Observations, and an Account of Some Foreign Prisons, Londres: William Eyres, and sold by T. Cadell in the Strand, and N. Conant in Fleet Street.Hurteau, P. (1993), “Catholic moral discourse on Male Sodomy and Masturbation”, Journal of the History of Sexuality, 4, 1, pp. 1-26.Iglesias Rodríguez, J. J. (2016), “El complejo portuario gaditano en el siglo XVIII”, e-Spania, revue interdisciplinaire d`èstudes hispaniques medievales et modernes, 25, s/f.— (2002), “Cárceles gaditanas del Antiguo Régimen: El Puerto de Santa María y su entorno provincial”, Revista de Historia de El Puerto, 64, pp. 9-53.Kagan, R. L. (1990), Pleitos y pleiteantes en Castilla (1500-1700), Valladolid, Junta de Castilla y León.Lardizábal y Uribe, M. (1782), Discurso sobre las penas contraído a las leyes de España para facilitar su reforma, Madrid, Joaquín Ibarra.López, G. (1789), Las Siete partidas, del sabio rey Don Alonso el Nono; glosadas por el licenciado Gregorio López, Madrid, Oficina de Benito Cano.Mantecón Movellán, T. A. (2002), “El peso de la infrajudicialidad en el control del crimen durante la Edad Moderna”, Estudis: Revista de historia moderna, 28, pp. 43-76.— (2008a), “Los mocitos de Galindo: sexualidad "contra natura", culturas proscritas y control social en la Edad Moderna” en Bajtín y la historia de la cultura popular: cuarenta años de debate, Oviedo, Universidad de Cantabria, pp. 209-240.— (2008b), “Las culturas sodomitas en la Sevilla de Cervantes”, Homenaje a Antonio Dominguez Ortíz, Vol 2. Granada, Universidad de Granada, pp. 447-468.— (2008c), “«La ley de la calle» y la justicia en la Castilla Moderna”, Manuscrits, 26, pp. 165-189.Marcos Gutiérrez, J. (1826), Práctica criminal de España, publícala el Licenciado Don José Marcos Gutiérrez, editor del febrero reformado y anotado, para complemento de esta obra que carecía de Tratado Criminal. Obra tal vez necesaria o útil a los Jueces, Abogados, Escribanos, Notarios, Procuradores, Agentes de negocios y a toda clase de personas. Tomo III. Cuarta Edición. Madrid, A costa de la heredera del Autor Doña Josefa Gutiérrez.Martín Rodríguez, J. (1968), “Figura histórico-jurídica del Juez Mayor de Vizcaya”, Anuario de historia del derecho español, 38, pp. 641-669.Martínez, M. E. (2016), “Sexo y el archivo colonial: El Caso de “Mariano” Aguilera” en F. Gorbach y M. Rufer (coord.), (In)disciplinar la investigación: Archivo, trabajo de campo y escritura, México, Siglo XXI editores, pp. 227-250.Martínez-Radio Garrido, E. C. (2013), “Los prisioneros en el siglo XVIII y el ejemplo de la Guerra de Sucesión”, Entemu XVII – Aportaciones a cinco siglos de la Historia Militar de España, Gijón, UNED - Centro Asociado de Asturias, pp. 49-74.— (2020), “Españoles prisioneros y cautivos en la Inglaterra del siglo XVIII: una aproximación a su ubicación y condiciones”, Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar, 9, 18, pp. 43-65.Mérida Ramírez, R. (2007), “Sodomía, del Viejo al Nuevo Mundo”, Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografía, 64, pp. 89-102.Molina Artaloytia, F. (2012), “Los avatares (ibéricos) de la noción de sodomía entre la Ilustración y el Romanticismo”, en F. Durán López (ed.), Obscenidad, vergüenza, tabú: contornos y retornos de lo reprimido entre los siglos XVIII y XIX, Cádiz, Universidad de Cádiz, Servicio de Publicaciones, pp. 101-120.Molina, F. (2009), No digno de nombrar. Prácticas sexuales prohibidas en el Virreinato del Perú (siglos XVI-XVII), Vol. 2. Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Tesis doctoral inédita), 2009.— (2010), “La herejización de la sodomía en la sociedad moderna. Consideraciones teológicas y praxis inquisitorial”, Hispania Sacra, LXII, 126, julio-diciembre, pp. 539-562.— (2017), Cuando amar era pecado: Sexualidad, poder e identidad entre los sodomitas coloniales (Virreinato del Perú, siglos XVI-XVII), La Paz/Lima, IFEA-Plural.Navarro Martínez, J. P. (2018), “Travestir el crimen: el proceso judicial de la sala de Alcaldes de Casa y Corte contra Sebastián Leirado por sodomía y otros excesos (1768-1789)”, Espacio, tiempo y forma. Serie IV, Historia moderna, 31, pp. 125-154.Novísima Recopilación de las Leyes de España mandada formar por el Señor Rey Don Carlos IV, 1805, ed. facsímil, 6 tomos, Madrid, Boletín Oficial del Estado, 1993.Oliver Olmo, P. y Urda Lozano, J. C. (coords.), (2014), La prisión y las instituciones punitivas en la investigación histórica, Cuenca, Editorial de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.Petraccia, M. F. (2014), Indices e delatores nell’antica Roma. Occultiore indicio proditus; in occultas delatus insidias, Milan, LED Edizioni.Pino Abad, M. (2013), “La represión de la tenencia y uso de armas prohibidas en Castilla previa a la Codificación Penal”, Cuadernos de Historia del Derecho, 20, pp. 353-384.Ramos Vázquez, I. (2004), “La represión de los delitos atroces en el derecho castellano de la Edad Moderna”, Revista de Estudios Histórico-Jurídicos, [Sección Historia del Derecho Europeo], XXVI, pp. 255-299.Rincón Herranz, S. (2014), Delito de acusación y denuncia falsas en el Código Penal Español, Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (tesis doctoral inédita).Rodríguez Sánchez, R. (2021), “Los sodomitas ante la Inquisición”, Mirabilia Journal, 32, pp. 168-196.Roelens, J. (2018), “Gossip, defamation and sodomy in the early modern Southern Netherlands”, Renaissance Studies, 32(2), pp. 236-252.Stewart, G. (1987), Pickett's Charge. A Microhistory of the Final Attack at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, Boston, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.Tempère, D. (2002), “Vida y muerte en alta mar. Pajes, grumetes y marineros en la navegación española del siglo XVII”, Iberoamericana, II, 5, pp. 103-120.Tomás y Valiente, F. (1990), El derecho penal de la monarquía absoluta (siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII), Madrid, Tecnos.Torremocha Hernández, M. (2014), “El alcaide y la cárcel de la Chancillería de Valladolid a finales del siglo XVIII. Usos y abusos”, Revista de Historia Moderna, 32, pp. 127-146.Tortorici, Z. (2007), “«Heran todos putos»: Sodomitical subcultures and disordered desire in early colonial Mexico”, Ethnohistory, 54(1), pp. 35-67.Vázquez García F. y Moreno Mengíbar, A. (1997), Sexo y razón: una genealogía de la moral sexual en España (Siglos XVI-XX), Madrid, Akal.
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Seymore, Malinda L. "Against the Peace and Dignity of the State: Spousal Violence and Spousal Privilege". Texas Wesleyan Law Review 2, n.º 2 (octubre de 1995): 239–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v2.i2.1.
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Part I of this article discusses the profiles of batterers and victims as a predicate for analyzing applications of the spousal immunity privilege in Texas. Part II briefly explores the origin and nature of the spousal privileges. Part III examines the history of the spousal privilege and spousal crime exception in Texas, and the recent statutory change. Part IV discusses the application of similar exceptions in other states. Part V briefly explores the application of the spousal crime exception to the communications privilege. Finally, Part VI suggests how Texas courts should properly apply this new rule of evidence in domestic violence cases.
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Akram, Nadeem. "History of Islamophobia in Canada". Global Mass Communication Review VI, n.º IV (30 de diciembre de 2021): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2021(vi-iv).03.
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Canada is generally considered the most liberal andleast racist country in the Western hemisphere at least according tothe popular discourse. The ground reality is slightly more complex.According to the Canadian Center for Policy Alternatives, moreMuslims have been killed in hate crimes in Canada in the last fiveyears than in any other G-7 country. The anti-terror legislation after9/11 further caused systematic islamophobia. This research paperstudies the historical evolution of Islamophobia and anti-Muslimdiscourse in Canada. The objective is to understand the literary andmedia sources of the growing anti-Muslim hate crimes
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Bukhari, Anuar y Muhammad Abudan. "PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA INSUBORDINASI DALAM MILITER (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN PM NOMOR: 94-K/PM.III-12/AD/VI/2015)". Jurnal Hukum Adigama 2, n.º 1 (30 de agosto de 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v2i1.5182.
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Insubordination is a criminal act against a superior committed by a TNI soldier, during office hours or outside office hours on condition that the superiors get an official order to carry out their duties or represent the company unit. Insubordination crimes is an act that is not justified among the military, because it is considered to have violated the Sapta Marga and oath of warriors which are the basis of personality patterns as TNI soldiers. In this research, there are a several of issues, first about what is an insubordination crime, and the second is how law enforcement and judges considerations in deciding an insubordination case. The research method used by the author is normative legal research. The results of the study found that law enforcement of TNI soldiers committing an insubordination criminal act is the same as law enforcement of other criminal acts carried out by military members, what distinguishes it is the court's power in the matter of prosecuting at the first level, if the defendant is a Captain down to be tried through a Military Court. Meanwhile, the defendants with the rank of Major and above were tried through the High Military Court. Judges' considerations in deciding on this insubordination case are guided by Articles 103 to 109 of the Indonesian Military Penal Code, as well as the evidence gathered in the trial, in addition, thoroughness, carefulness, and wisdom of the judge is also highly prioritized, to avoid making mistakes in decision.
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Mahsud, Noor Hamid Khan, Mian Saeed Ahmad y Wasai. "Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR): From Introduction to Abolition". Global Political Review VI, n.º I (30 de marzo de 2021): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(vi-i).10.
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When the British arrived at the North-West Frontier, it adopted several special measures to crush the resistance from Pashtun tribes and safeguard colonial interests. One of these special measures was the introduction of FCR, which was introduced to increase the conviction rate in criminal cases without the requirements of due process of law. This paper tries to present a detailed account of FCR from its introduction to its abolition. It highlights the circumstances which led to the introduction of FCR. It further explains how the British revised the FCR from time to time to expand its scope to make it better serve imperial interests. Its review by various commissions/committees and higher judiciary observations about it are also discussed in this paper. This paper is based on both primary sources like archival material and personal interviews as well as secondary sources.
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Fossatti, Fabio. "L’evoluzione del conflitto in Ucraina e le proposte di risoluzione". Revista Euro latinoamericana de Análisis Social y Político (RELASP), n.º 5 (18 de agosto de 2022): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/rr.vi5.83.
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Il conflitto tra gli Ucraini filo-europei dell’ovest e i filo-russi dell’est è iniziato negli anni ’90 ed è rimasto non violento per 25 anni. I presidenti occidentali ed orientali vincevano le elezioni ogni 4-5 anni. Nel 2004, c’è stata la rivoluzione ‘arancione’ e l’Ucraina occidentale ha prevalso sull’est filo russo, e l’Ucraina è rimasta uno stato centralizzato. Nel 2014, la guerra è iniziata, e la Crimea e il Donbass hanno dichiarato un’indipendenza de facto. La Crimea fu annessa alla Russia senza violenza; la guerra è continuata (ma a un livello più basso di intensità) in Donbass. Nel febbraio 2022 la Russia ha invaso l’Ucraina dell’est, e una guerra è iniziata tra i due paesi. Sono morte 50 mila persone e vi sono stati 3 milioni e mezzo di rifugiati. Qualsiasi progetto di risoluzione è stato rifiutato da Putin e Zelensky, come uno scambio (tra Crimea russa e Donbass ucraino), un’integrazione simmetrica (il federalismo in Ucraina), una separazione mono-nazionale (di Crimea e Donbass, attraverso un referendum).
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Majkić, Ana, Sarah Evans, Vadim Stepanchuk, Alexander Tsvelykh y Francesco d’Errico. "A decorated raven bone from the Zaskalnaya VI (Kolosovskaya) Neanderthal site, Crimea". PLOS ONE 12, n.º 3 (29 de marzo de 2017): e0173435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173435.
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Peneva, Lidia. "Crimes against marriage and family before Criminal Code 1968". Law Journal of New Bulgarian University 15, n.º 1-3 (10 de abril de 2020): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ljnbu.19.1-3.3.
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Crimes against marriage and family are a particular group of social relationships that the law has defended properly in view of the high public significance and value they enjoy. At the moment they are regulated in Chapter VI, Section I, of the specific part of the Penal Code the Republic of Bulgaria. The subject matter of this Statement will, however, be the legislative provisions concerning these criminalized acts in retrospect. The purpose of the study is to show by historical method and through the comparatively legal method the development of these criminal groups during the periods of various criminal laws in Bulgaria. This will also provide a basis for reflection on possible de lege ferenda proposals. This report from a structural point of view will be divided into three distinct points, marking each of the penal laws in the Republic of Bulgaria, which were in force before 1968.
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Aibabin, Aleksandr. "For a Discussion About Epigraphic Evidence of the Activities of Byzantium in the Mountainous Crimea in the 6th Century". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, n.º 6 (28 de diciembre de 2021): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.6.1.
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Introduction. In the basilicas discovered on the Mangup plateau (fig. 3), in the Karalez valley (fig. 1) that begins at its foot and on Eski-Kermen (fig. 2, 1), inscriptions were found, the interpretation and dating of which caused many years of discussion. Some scientists considered them as evidence of the activities of the Eastern Roman Empire in the region in the 6th century, while other specialists doubted both such an interpretation of the inscriptions and their dating. Methods. To substantiate the chronology of the mentioned inscriptions, it is important to consider the formulas and linguistic features contained in them, as well as the stratigraphy recorded during the excavation of temples and the revealed dated closed ceramics complexes. Analysis. The text of the inscription with the name of Justinian I is correlated with the information of Procopius about the construction of the “Long Walls” in the Dory region at the behest of the emperor. Most likely, the inscription reported the construction of one of the “Long Walls” in the Karalez valley at the foot of Doros. It is possible that the stone (fig. 1) with the typical Byzantine graffiti with the formulas ΦΩС ΖΩΗ and κ(ύρι)ε βοήθ(ει...) was inserted into a wall of an apse of the basilica right after its construction in the Karalez valley in the second half of the 6th century. On a stone over the graffiti ΦΩС ΖΩΗ letters of the second graffiti “Ἰς νικᾷ” are cut out which means Ἰ(ησοῦ)ς (Χριστὸς) νικᾷ – “Jesus Christ wins”. In Byzantium the images of a cross with the formula IC XC NI ΚΑ (Ἰ(ησοῦ)C Χ(ριστὸ)C Ν(ικ)Α) appeared at the iconoclast emperor Leo III (717–741) and were distributed in later time. Results. Undisputed evidence of Byzantium’s activity in the region in the 6th century is only the fragment of a plate with a building inscription that means the emperor Justinian I found in a late slab grave at the basilica on Mangup. According to the stratigraphy, revealed in 1938 during the excavations of the Baptistry on Mangup, the graffiti (fig. 3) that caused a long discussion was carved on the back of the cornice in the second construction period not earlier than in the 9th century.
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Aybabin, Aleksandr. "On the Reform of the Administrative System of Byzantium’s Possessions in the Crimea in the Last Quarter of the 6th Century". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 22, n.º 5 (noviembre de 2017): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2017.5.4.
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Saleem, Hafiz Abdul Rehman, Imtiaz Ahmad Khan y Hamid Mukhtar. "Life Imprisonment without Parole in China: Substituting Death for Economic Crimes". Global Political Review VI, n.º III (30 de septiembre de 2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(vi-iii).02.
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Life imprisonment without parole and commutation (LWOP) came under Ninth Amendment to the 1997 Criminal Law of Peoples Republic of China as a proviso to the suspended death penalty for corruption crimes. The legislative intent given for the arrival of new punishment depicts LWOP as a solution for the disparity in a suspended death sentence, controlling judicial discretion and proportional punishment for corruption which is debated as not an exhaustive and compelling justification. The manuscript addresses a substantive question; if LWOP is suitable for the criminal justice system in China? And is answered under three normative claims, namely necessity, effectiveness, and humanness.The examination of the topic contends LWOP is more of an effective tool in broader anti-corruption strategy than a need for domestic utilization.LWOP in China gives no hope of release and stands inconsistent with Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights
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Zambrana-Tévar, Nicolás. "The New Reform of the Penal Law of the Catholic Church: Resuscitating a Forgotten Pastoral Instrument?" Oxford Journal of Law and Religion 10, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2021): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwab020.
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Abstract The new reform of the penal law of the Catholic Church, amending Book VI of the Code of Canon Law of the Latin Church, as well as other recent canon law norms, aims at making sure that local bishops can punish more straightforwardly and with less discretion those conducts which are considered as most harmful for the church as a community. The drafters of this reform have made it clear that, in the past, many believed that penal laws should only exceptionally be applied. Now, however, this area of canon law should actually be considered one more instrument of pastoral governance. Although the Vatican has underlined that the new Book VI will be useful in the fight against the crime of sex abuse by clergy, this reform partly codifies norms and punitive mechanisms which had been progressively introduced and had already been in place, sometimes for decades.
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Jatoi, Shabana kouser y Muhammad Nouman Jatoi. "Critical Analysis of Prison Rules and Laws about Women Prisoners a Case Study of Hyderabad Women Prison". Global Legal Studies Review VI, n.º III (30 de septiembre de 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(vi-iii).05.
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The prisons are the part of criminal justice system, prisons are created to correct the offender and to prevent the crime. Time to time concept of prison had changed his faces. The prisons created to confine the offender and prevent crime in the society from the concept of deterrence to rehabilitation. The researcher tried to analyze the situation existing in prison system of Pakistan specifically focusing on the treatment with the women offenders and the existing laws dealing with women prisone and their implementation in the prisons. As the current report on legislation by Sindh province shows that the Sindh assembly had passed almost unprecedented number of bills especially “The Sindh Prison And Correction Service Act 2019” and Rules under it while changing the prison to the correctional institutions in Sindh The study focuses on the implementation of these new laws existing laws and the current scenario of women prisons.
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Lohani, Atika, Shahid Zafar Bajwa y Aamir Abbas. "Issues Impacting the Reliability, and Authenticity of Medical Evidence relating to Post-Mortem Examination in a Trial". Global Legal Studies Review VI, n.º I (30 de marzo de 2021): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(vi-i).15.
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Post-mortem is a scientific examination conducted post-death in order to find out the cause of death as well as the traces of the perpetrator of the crime if it is homicidal. This examination gives a direction to investigative machinery to start its investigation to find and prosecute the accused and exonerate the innocent accused in the case. Additionally, it is complicated as well, depending upon various essential and important factors, which are vital for the admissibility of medical evidence in a criminal trial and this article focuses on these issues. These essentials factors include the performance of examination only by a registered autopsy surgeon or pathologist; who is an expert in the knowledge of diseases, the carrying out of a detailed and careful examination; on the crime scene and in the mortuary, preparation of the factual and objective medico-legal report; which is free from personal feelings and opinions of the medical expert.
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Zin’ko, Viktor N. y Alexey V. ,. Zin’ko. "Turbulent Ethnopolitical Processes in the Eastern Taurica in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries". Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria, n.º XXVI (2021): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.71-89.
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This paper presents the results of archaeological researches allowing the one to reconstruct ethnopolitical processes in the eastern Taurica in the sixth and seventh centuries. By the sixth century, the eastern Crimean steppes were depopulated and used for seasonal migrations of the Hunnic tribes. The Byzantine Empire made a significant influence on the ethnopolitical processes in the Bosporos in the sixth and seventh centuries when annexed this country in 527/528. Archaeological researches supply scanty information about the urban buildings of the Bosporan capital in the sixth century. Alternative archaeological situation developed with the preserved Early Byzantine layers of the Bosporan town of Tyritake, where continuous many-year-long archaeological research uncovered large areas. According to the archaeological materials and a few epigraphic finds, Bosporan Greeks constituted the overwhelming majority of the population of Tyritake in the sixth century as before, being mostly the persons of moderate means, engaged in fishing and agricultural production, crafts and petty trade. After the raid of the Turks in 576, Bosporos and Tyritake declined, with only isolated residential houses reconstructed in certain areas in these towns; these houses lived to the third quarter of the seventh century when they were burned down by the Khazars. Bosporos constantly experienced the pressure from nomadic hordes, which, over the centuries, moved here and there, replacing each other, along the great tract of the steppes. The turbulence of ethnopolitical processes in the Eastern Taurica especially intensified in the Early Byzantine Period. Following the Khazar devastation, all the Bosporan settlements were depopulated, and the insignificant remnants of the former population concentrated in the fire-ravaged town of Bosporos, which for centuries became an out-of-the-way provincial town forming a part of different polities.
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Mastykova, Anna. "Crystal multifaceted bead from the settlement of Kartamyshevo-3 and contacts between the Middle Dnieper region and the Northern Black Sea littoral in the 6th–7th century". Archaeological news 28 (2020): 272–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2020-28-272-288.
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The article deals with the discovery of a great multifaceted crystal bead in the settlement of the Kolochin culture of Kartamyshovo-3 in Upper Psel (Oboyansk district, Kursk region). Findings of such beads are given in the Northern Black Sea region, in the Caucasus, in Central and Western Europe. Thanks to these parallels, the chronology of crystal faceted beads is established within the framework of the end of the III / IV — the second half of the VII century. These beads, of Mediterranean or Sassanian origin, most likely fall into the Middle Dnieper as a result of contacts with the South-Western Crimea in the last third of the VI — first half of the VII century.
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Андриевский, Д. В. y М. М. Чореф. "IMPORTED HELLENISTIC COINS FOUND NEAR PARTIZANSKOE VILLAGE (SOUTHWEST CRIMEA) AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE". Proceedings in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Black Sea Region, n.º 13 (15 de febrero de 2022): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53737/2713-2021.2021.43.50.030.
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Публикуется небольшая, но весьма интересная подборка монет, найденных в начале XXI в. жителями села на поверхности холма Тавель. Это бронзовые монеты, отчеканенные в Сиракузах при Гикете II и Гиероне II, а также в Александрии или на Кипре при Птолемеях II, VI и VIII, а также IX или X. Вряд ли эти монеты могли одновременно использоваться в Юго-Западной Таврике в качестве платежных средств, т.к. выпущены они в двух достаточно удаленных государствах по различным стопам, из малоценного бронзового сплава. Речь идет, очевидно, о разновременных подношениях местному святилищу, находившемуся в III—I вв. до н.э. на холме Тавель. Монеты жертвовали, вероятно, потому, что чтили размещенные на них изображения. Сам же факт обнаружения этих артефактов свидетельствует о наличии контактов между населением предгорий Таврики и государств Центрального и Восточного Средиземноморья в указанный период. Our attention was attracted by rather small yet interesting numismatic sample of the Hellenistic times. The coins were gathered at the beginning of the 2000s by the residents of the village on the present-day surface of the Tavel hill. The sample consists of bronze coins minted in Syracuse under Hiketas II and Hieron II as well as in Alexandria or in Cyprus under Ptolemies II, VI, and VIII, as well as IX or X. Judging by the fact that coins were released by rather remote polities using different standards of coinage based on low-value bronze alloys, it seems unlikely that they could be simultaneously used in Southwest Taurica as means of payment. We believe that we are dealing with offerings repeatedly made for the local sanctuary which situated upon Tavel hill between the 3rd and the 1st century BCE. We assume that the reason why coins were donated to the sanctuary was that the images placed on them were honored. The very fact of the discovery may surely testify that some contacts took place in the time range mentioned above between the population of the foothills of Taurica and those of the polities in Central and Eastern Mediterranean.
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Conley, Bridget y Alex de Waal. "The Purposes of Starvation". Journal of International Criminal Justice 17, n.º 4 (1 de septiembre de 2019): 699–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqz054.
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Abstract Mass starvation has throughout history been mis-categorized as a natural phenomenon, or an unfortunate side-effect of conflict and political oppression. The numbers and names of the victims fade into the background, blurred traces of the horrors of history. Yet, this is both an inaccurate understanding of starvation crimes and an injustice to victims. Mass starvation is a process of deprivation that occurs when actors impede the capacity of targeted persons to access the means of sustaining life. In this article, we introduce key features of starvation and note that many of the acts that create conditions of mass starvation are already prohibited under different provisions of international law. We introduce the term ‘starvation crimes’ to capture how these separately criminalized acts, when perpetrated over a long duration can create mass starvation. Implicit in ‘starvation crimes’ is that starvation is produced by leaders’ decisions and serves political, military or economic goals. We discuss nine objectives that can be furthered through mass starvation, offering historical examples to illustrate each. They include: (i) extermination or genocide; (ii) control through weakening a population; (iii) gaining territorial control; (iv) flushing out a population; (v) punishment; (vi) material extraction or theft; (vii) extreme exploitation; (viii) war provisioning; and (ix) comprehensive societal transformation.
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Schwanebeck, Wieland. "Beatrix Hesse. The English Crime Play in the Twentieth Century. Crime Files. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, vi + 290 pp., 1 illustr., $ 69.99." Anglia 135, n.º 2 (2 de junio de 2017): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2017-0035.
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Саковський, А. А. "HISTORICAL AND LEGAL PREREQUISITES OF THE LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF OPERATIONAL AND EXPLORATORY DOCUMENTATION IN UKRAINE". Juridical science 2, n.º 4(106) (3 de abril de 2020): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-106-4-2.27.
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The historical and legal preconditions of the legislative regulation of operational and investigative documentation in Ukraine in the context of social transformations and law enforcement reforms are highlighted. The genesis of these activities is considered. The current state of legislative regulation of operational and investigative documentation is described. The directions of its further development and improvement are outlined. The historical stages of origin, formation and development of legislative regulation of legislation in the context of operational and investigative documentation, conduct and use of ARI and NSDC in criminal proceedings are singled out, and the own periodization of the researched question is offered: I period - 911–1550 search activities in Ukraine and the formation of a legislative settlement, the emergence of a codified act of "Russian Truth"; II period - 1550–1846 (Cossack or the period of the Polish-Lithuanian-Russian era) - operative-search documentation in the Reformation period is associated primarily with the creation of search units - the prototype of criminal investigation; ІІІ period - 1846–1917 (period of imperial power) - the essence of operative-search documentation in this period consisted in that in the person of the corresponding state official various procedural functions were combined: the investigator who at the same time was engaged in search, the prosecutor and the judge; IV period - 1917–1958 (Soviet period) - the conduct of secret search activities is not regulated by law and was carried out on the basis of directives of the CPSU (b) -CPSU and departmental secret regulations. V period - 1958-1992 (operational-evidentiary period) - the emergence of the term "operational-search activity" in scientific circles, which included search and search-intelligence activities aimed at detecting crimes, as well as to identify persons who are planning commit a crime or are preparing for it, in order to prevent, prevent or stop them; VI period - 1992–2012 (independent period) - legislative consolidation of the ORD through the adoption of the Laws of Ukraine "On operational and investigative activities" (1992), "On the organizational and legal framework for combating organized crime" (1993) put the search activities carried out in the interests of criminal proceedings, on a legal, civilized basis; VII period - 2012 - present (modern, period of reform) - the adoption and entry into force of the CPC of Ukraine and the beginning of a trend towards convergence of the ORD and the criminal process, which corresponds to the world practice of criminal justice.
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Pishchulina, Viktoria V. "Architecture of One-Apsidal Churches of North Black Sea Coast VI-XII c." Materials Science Forum 931 (septiembre de 2018): 790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.790.
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A one-apsidal hall church is always a reflection of so-called “vulgar” Christianity, thus revealing the important peculiarities of the spatial culture of the region where it is erected. In this region we can mark two periods when such temples were built: VI-VII c. and X-XII c. The first period is associated with the missionary activity by Byzantine Empire, Antioch, Caucasian Albania which was conditioned by both geopolitical interests (Byzantian Empire, Antioch) and the shift of The Great Silk Way to the north (Caucasian Albania). The second, as the research has shown, is connected with the migration of the peoples of Abkhazia, the abzakhs to this territory in the XII-XIII c. and the development of contacts with the Crimea. In the North Black Sea Region the one-apsidal hall church appears as early as in the VI c. – in the territory of Abkhazia we know about ten such temples. The temples of this type in the area of Big Sochi are dated back to the VII-VIII c. In the first Abhzaian temples we can reveal the influence of denominational centers – Byzantian Empire, Antioch, Caucasian Albania. In the temples of the Black Sea coast of both periods – introduction of the samples from Abkhazia.
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Lapagesse, Eugênio. "A Polícia Federal do Brasil". Revista do Serviço Público 103, n.º 2 (5 de septiembre de 2017): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21874/rsp.v0i2.2665.
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A nomeação do Desembargador e Ouvidor-Geral do Crime, Paulo Fernandes Viana, para Intendente-Geral da Polícia da Corte, criada pelo Alvará de 10 de maio de 1808, foi a base da instituição policial no Brasil, originando o Corpo da Guarda Real de Polícia, por Decreto de 13 de maio do mesmo ano, já aí de par com os encargos de manutenção da ordem, surgindo o de combate ao contrabando. Instituído o cargo de Intendente-Geral ao reflexo das atribuições que lhe cabiam em Portugal, delegava-lhe D. João VI funções por demais distendidas e complexas, fundi^ as que se encontravam na sua autoridade as relativas às funções policiais, administrativas e judiciárias.
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Gunnlaugsson, Helgi y Jónas Orri Jónasson. "Is digital crime victimization increasing in Iceland – may the Me-too movement influence how victimization is experienced". Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 107, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2020): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v107i1.124800.
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AbstractThe first Icelandic study of digital crime victimization was conducted in 2016. According to the results, approximately 13 % of respondents reported digital victimization during the three years prior to the survey. Slander and consumer fraud were the most common types of victimization. Respondents between the ages of 30 to 44 were most likely to have been victimized. In 2018, the survey was repeated using the same questionnaire. As before, the survey was conducted online in cooperation with the Social Sciences Research Institute and solicited information from a sample of circa 2,000 respondents representative of the Icelandic population ages 18 years and older. Approximately 20 % reported a digital victimization in 2018. This suggests a significant increase in victimization since 2016. The increase was most notable in regards to the sexual harassment of women. It is contended that the MeToo Movement of 2017 may have had an impact on the experiences reported by women in 2018.AbstractDen første islandske undersøgelse, der fokuserede på kriminel krænkelse over internettet, blev udført i 2016. Ifølge resultaterne rapporterede ca. 13 % af respondenterne, at de inden for de seneste tre år forud for undersøgelsen havde været udsat for krænkelse over internettet. De mest almindelige former for krænklse var bagtalelse og forbrugerbedrageri. Respondenter i aldersgruppen 30-44 år viste sig at være mest udsatte. Undersøgelsen blev gentaget i 2018, med anvendelse af det samme skema som i 2016. Undersøgelsen blev også denne gang foretaget over nettet i samarbejde med centret for socialvidenskabelig forskning og udsendt til ca. 2000 deltagere, der afspejlede den islandske befolkning over 18 år. Ser vi en øgning i kriminel forulempelse over nettet? Ser vi andre former for forulempelse end i 2016? Har Me-Too bevægelse i Island haft nogen indflydelse på ofrenes oplevelse af at være krænket?
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Groundwater, Anna. "The chasm between James VI and I's vision of the orderly "Middle Shires" and the "wickit" Scottish Borderers between 1587 and 1625". Renaissance and Reformation 30, n.º 4 (1 de enero de 2006): 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v30i4.9097.
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L'élimination du crime le long des frontières anglaises, de pair avec un plus grand sérieux face à ce problème à partir de 1587, fait partie d'une monopolisation générale de l'utilisation de la violence et des procédés légaux par le gouvernement écossais. Au fur et à mesure que la succession de Jacques Stuart sur le trône anglais devenait vraisemblable, le contrôle des frontières s'est accéléré, et les chefs expéditionnaires des raids outre frontières y ont contribué. Aux environs de 1607, Jacques affirmait que les désordres frontaliers s'étaient transformés en une harmonie exemplaire au sein d’une nouvelle unité transfrontalière, les « Middle Shires ». Toutefois, ceci était davantage l'expression de la vision qu’avait Jacques de l'union politique de l'Écosse et de l'Angleterre, contredite par la séparation effective des organisations frontalières écossaise et anglaise, et qui a duré jusqu'en 1624. Cet article examine les transformations de la loi et du crime dans les régions frontalières, ainsi que la détérioration de la perception qu'avait le gouvernement de ces frontières.
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Walton, J. K. "Crime and Society in England 1750-1900. By Clive Emsley (London: Longman, 1987. vi + 257 pp.)". Journal of Social History 21, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1988): 594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/21.3.594.
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Usman, Muhammad y Hafiz Aziz ur Rehman. "Investigation Techniques & Modern Technology". Global Legal Studies Review VI, n.º I (30 de marzo de 2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(vi-i).05.
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The scientific knowledge and skills are the result of sophisticated methods where the liability of courts and investigation process has been increased during the last couple of decades. The use of technology and different other similar modern methods are helpful in the detection of offenders, and it is the revolutionary evaluation of investigation techniques. Since the offenders are also using different techniques for their criminal activities, so the use of technology is becoming more necessary for tracking the criminals. Both police and courts are using modern techniques of investigation with the use of modern technology for the detection of violent crimes and criminal activities. This paper examines the impact of modern technology on the investigation process and working mechanism of police and courts. Further, it elucidates the importance of modern technology and its impact upon the investigation process along with the outcome of criminal investigations.
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Nilsson, Ida Norvin y Kristian Nagel Delica. "Kritiske perspektiver på nyere dansk retspolitik - skridt på vej mod en straffestat?" Dansk Sociologi 26, n.º 3 (2 de septiembre de 2015): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v26i3.5054.
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Loïc Wacquants teori om udviklingen af en nyliberal straffestat udgør en invitation til empiriske undersøgelser. I denne artikel diskuteres Wacquants teori om, at vi i den vestlige verden har oplevet et gradvist skifte fra et keynesiansk velfærdsregime (welfare) over et schumpetersk arbejdsregime (workfare), til at vi nu ser et nyliberalt fængselsregime (prisonfare) udvikle sig. Wacquant påpeger, at det er usikkert, hvorvidt og på hvilken måde vi i fremtiden vil se en ’europæisk vej mod en straffestat’. Han fastholder, at de skandinaviske lande udgør en undtagelse til denne globale ’tough on crime’ bølge og skriver sig implicit ind i den kriminologiske debat om den såkaldte ’skandinaviske undtagelse’. Målet med denne artikel er at udvide dette perspektiv og diskutere Wacquants teoriudvikling i en skandinavisk kontekst. Empirisk analyseres behandlingen af to danske lovforslag fra 2009 og 2011. Begge omhandler stramning af straffeloven inden for henholdsvis bandekriminalitet og hjemmerøverier, og begge blev stemt igennem med et overbevisende flertal i Folketinget. Fokuspunktet for analysen er, hvilke overordnede tematikker politikerne henviser til som argumentation for en øget strafferamme. Konklusionen er, at disse alle henviser til et nyliberalt følelsesbetonet argument om retsfølelsen. Artiklen inviterer, med baggrund i Wacquants teori, til kritiske refleksioner over den stramme danske retspolitik.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Ida Norvin Nilsson and Kristian Nagel Delica: Critical Perspectives on Recent Danish Legal Policy – a Step on the Way Towards a ”Penal State”?
This article discusses Loïc Wacquant’s thesis of a gradual shift from a Keynesian welfare regime via a Schumpeterian workfare regime to the contemporary creation of a neoliberal penal state. This thesis raises the question as to whether we will see a ”European road towards the penal state”. Wacquant maintains that the Scandinavian countries are exceptions to the global ”tough on crime” trend, thus implicitly touching upon debates in criminology about so-called ”Scandinavian exceptionalism”. This article is both a contribution to this debate as well as a critical view on Wacquant’s theories seen from a Scandinavian perspective. The empirical case in the analysis is the debates about two bills in the Danish parliament in 2009 and 2011 aimed at increasing punishment for gang violence and home robberies. Both of these bills were passed by an overwhelming majority. The analysis dissects the kind of themes referred to by the politicians in their arguments for increasing the punishment in these specific cases. One clear theme is the ill-defined term ”sense of justice”. The article invites critical reflections on the increasingly tough Danish justice policy and Wacquant’s theory of the neoliberal penal state.
Keywords: Loïc Wacquant, penalty, punitive state, legal policy, neoliberalism, Scandinavian exceptionalism.
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Borowicka, Monika. "OCHRONA INTERESU POKRZYWDZONEGO W POLSKIM PRAWIE KARNYM". Zeszyty Prawnicze 3, n.º 1 (29 de marzo de 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2003.3.1.08.
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PROTECTION OF VICTIM’S RIGHTS IN THE POLISH PENAL LAWSummary The World Victimology Society was formed in 1979. That event greatly influenced the development of a study o f a victim and also initiated the movement for the wronged. Victim surveys conducted on the basis of self reporting enabled to define the concepts o f primary and secondary victimization. The surveys confirmed the fact that the implementation of an injured party protection is still inadequate.That subject matter was taken up by the VI Congress of the United Nations in 1985. The U N proclaimed the Declaration of Basic Laws for Victims of Crime and Abuse o f Authorities. In the part devoted to victims of crimes it lists four fundamental rights:a) a right of access to an administration of justice;b) a right to restoration;c) a right to compensation;d) a right to aid.The document also indicates the possibility to use mediation, arbitration, or conciliation and also the Polish legislator perceives the new trends o f punishment policy expressed in progressive regulations. As distinct from the hitherto role o f an injured party as a witness in his own case these regulations aim at securing an effective influence of an injured party on the course o f proceedings and a possibility to satisfy his claim.Currently, one o f the aims o f the Penal Code is an obligation to compensate for damages and to redress an injury sustained by an injured party. It is on the list of means of punishment together with a sanction imposing a payment to an injured or to the public purse and a pecuniary performance (article 39, point 5 of the Penal Code). It may not only complement a punishment, but also be its alternative.An obligation o f a perpetrator of an offence to redress an inflicted damage should also serve the appeasement of conflicts resulting from an unlawful conduct. It also allows a release on probation and an extraordinary mitigation of penalty. Therefore it serves a number of penal functions: o f compensation, resocialization, and education.
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Panov, D. A., V. I. Grishkovets, V. V. Kachala y A. S. Shashkov. "Triterpene glycosides from Kalopanax septemlobum. VI. Glycosides from leaves of Kalopanax septemlobum var. typicum introduced to crimea". Chemistry of Natural Compounds 42, n.º 1 (enero de 2006): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0034-5.
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Ashfaq, Qurat-ul-Ain. "Modern Child Slavery Atrocious Breach of Fundamental Rights: A Case Study of Pakistan". Global Legal Studies Review VI, n.º IV (30 de diciembre de 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(vi-iv).05.
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Children are the future and assets of any nation yet the most susceptible members of society. This research analyzes the phenomenon of modern child slavery in Pakistan. Children have a right to grow up safe and free from any kind of exploitation and abuse. Slavery and trafficking is that abhorrent crime which violates the fundamental rights guaranteed to children under national and international conventions. This research indicates how children are bought and sold and forced into truly outrageous forms of exploitation such as forced labour and debt bondage, prostitution, pornography, camel jockeys, and other illicit activities. This research paper also reviews factors that trigger the situation, such as gender bigotry, poverty, harmful traditional practices and natural disasters. Child labour, trafficking and slavery of any form is sternly proscribed in Article 11 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 and various national and international conventions.
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Garutti, Selson y Rita De Cássia da Silva Oliveira. "A Assistência Religiosa Prisional pelo Estado do Conhecimento". REVER - Revista de Estudos da Religião 18, n.º 3 (25 de diciembre de 2018): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1677-1222.2018vol18i3a12.
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A Lei de Execução Penal (LEP nº 7.210 de 11de julho de 1984) em seu Capítulo II Da Assistência, Seção I, Artigo nº 10 institui a assistência ao preso e ao internado como dever do Estado, objetivando prevenir o crime e orientar o retorno à convivência em sociedade, a qual se estende ao egresso. No Artigo nº 11, arrola-se quais as assistências que terrão direito. São elas: I - Material; II - Saúde; III - Jurídica; IV – Educacional; V - Social; VI - Religiosa. Especificamente na Seção VII, Da Assistência Religiosa, Artigo nº 24 institui a liberdade de culto prestada aos apenados, permitindo-se lhes a participação nos serviços religiosos organizados no estabelecimento penal, bem como, a posse de livros de instituições religiosas. Além do que a Constituição Federal (1988) em seu Artigo nº 05 § VI versa que nenhum preso pode ser obrigado a professar qualquer fé, pois que, o Brasil é um país laico, ou não confessional, além da liberdade do exercício de qualquer fé está estabelecida como direito fundamental. A partir do cumprimento da lei torna-se imperativo analisar a produção acadêmica sobre a assistência religiosa prisional, por meio de uma pesquisa do estado do conhecimento, de modo a evidenciar a relevância que o tema ocupa, bem como, lacunas a serem preenchidas. Resultando em 47 (85%) dissertações e 09 (15%) teses, totalizando uma produção de 56 trabalhos entre 1994 a 2017.
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Manullang, Fernando. "NICOLLO MACHIAVELLI: SANG BELlS POLITIK? Suatu Refleksi Dan Kritik Filosofis Terhadap Gagasan Politik Machiavelli Dalam Il Principe". Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 40, n.º 4 (3 de diciembre de 2010): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol40.no4.232.
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AbstrakMachiavelli was one of the groundbreaking philosopher of medievalphilosophical tradition that is influenced by a metaphysical perspective.Perspective Machiavelli's is secular in politics and his attitude was critical ofthe moral, fundamentally also influenced his views on leadership and thestate. Machiavelli emphasized the aspect of personality in a leader. A leadercan be powerful only if the leaders understand exactly about the importanceof skill and talent or the strength required by a leader in the lead. ForMachiavelli, a leader one must understand how to expand and defend theterritory of his kingdom, then he should be able to use that crime does notcontinue in seizing the state. Il Principe Machiavelli's observations are basedon the pattern of power management that is run Cesare Borgia, the eldestson of Alexander VI with Vannoza de Cateneis.
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Akymbek, Y. S. y B. A. Zheleznyakov. "CARVED STONE SEALS OF ANCIENT AND EARLY MEDIEVAL TIMES OF SOUTH KAZAKHSTAN". History of the Homeland 96, n.º 4 (29 de diciembre de 2021): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2021_4_204.
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Seals carved on semi-precious stones in South Kazakhstan belong to the period of the Late Antiquity - Earliest Middle Ages (IV-VI centuries). The most reliable method of dating is interpretation of the image/symbolism on the shield of the seal. The State. The State Hermitage has accumulated a significant number of finds (more than 800 gemstones) originating from the region from Crimea to East Turkestan. These carved seals are mainly collected, bought by the first travelers and researchers. Archaeological and random finds of gemstones of recent decades in South Kazakhstan took place on the sites of city oases of Otrar and Turkestan. E.A. Smagulov studied this finds. The last accidental findings occurred already Northeast from the Qaratau Ridge, on the Medieval site of Qumkent. As the result, the geography and chronology of the circulation/manufacture of such seals were expanded.