Literatura académica sobre el tema "Criblage ciblé"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Criblage ciblé":
Shabajee, Preety, Albane Gaudeau, Céline Legros, Thierry Dorval y Jean-Philippe Stéphan. "Du criblage à haut contenu à la déconvolution de cibles". médecine/sciences 37, n.º 3 (marzo de 2021): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2021013.
Reboud-Ravaux, Michèle. "Dégradation induite des protéines par des molécules PROTAC et stratégies apparentées : développements à visée thérapeutique". Biologie Aujourd’hui 215, n.º 1-2 (2021): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2021007.
Tesis sobre el tema "Criblage ciblé":
Caria, Giovanni. "Développement d'une stratégie de caractérisation de l'état de contamination organique des sols par criblage en masse ciblé et non ciblé". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR060.
The environmental pollution by multiple organic compounds linked to human activities is a recurring problem. Environmental compartments are subject to continuous monitoring such as surface and human supply waters and outdoor and indoor air. On the other hand, agricultural soils are only controlled in the case of the spreading of organic amendments, which could contain polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorobiphenyls. Research work has been carried out for several years to assess the fate of organic pollutants in agricultural soils using more efficient and sensitive analysis methods increases to the development of quadrupole mass spectrometry coupled with gas or liquid chromatography. Nevertheless, many methods are used only to a selection of a few dozen organic molecules. In addition, the possible implementation of monitoring of organic pollutants in environmental matrices requires making choices and does not allow having a very broad knowledge about all the organic pollutants.The objective of this work is to propose a methodological strategy in order to approach the organic composition of soils by target and non-target screening analysis. The methodological development, carried out in non-target analysis, can contribute to the reflection of monitoring the quality of soils. Non-target analysis can make it possible to direct the target analysis towards a selection of organic compounds of interest and to determine environmental markers.The thesis report includes the development of target analysis methods in soils on a selection of pesticides, drugs and hormones extracted by pressurized-liquid extraction (PLE) and analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with a high-resolution time-of-flight quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF-MS). The target analysis method has been validated for pesticides in agricultural soils, and applied to a selection of forty French agricultural soils from Centre-Val de Loire region. Non-target analyses were carried out too for these 40 soils by LC-QTOF-MS after two different PLE extractions, one with acetonitrile and the other with ultrapure water. Each soil extract was injected sequentially in positive, then negative ionization according to two mass settings, one in Full scan MS and bbCID MS (suspect screening) and the other one in Full scan MS and auto MS/MS (non-target screening or NTS). The final dataset is then very substantial with 8 different data for each soil sample, of which 4 used in suspect mode and 4 in NTS mode. 825 organic compounds were detected and identified by suspect screening analysis using the TargetScreener database backed by the LC-QTOF-MS. A classification of these compounds according to the value of identification quality criteria could be established and allowed a prioritization of the study of a few dozen compounds of interest. The non-target screening analysis was carried out for the « acetonitrile » soil extracts ionized by positive and negative modes using the Metaboscape chemometric software and by querying multiple databases independent of the analysis tool. The identification could be confirmed or reinforced in NTS mode for organic compounds already identified in suspect mode.The distribution of the 40 soils in groups of homogeneous agricultural use made it possible to highlight the presence of organic compounds exclusively in one group, thus constituting a sample group marker. The work of the thesis opens up many perspectives for the exploitation of non-target analysis data obtained for the 40 French agricultural soils, studies on the quality of French soils and pharmacovigilance of representative soils of the French national territory
Cortejade, Aurélie. "Approches et outils pour l’évaluation de l’Exposome : du dosage de contaminants vers le screening non ciblé pour la caractérisation des expositions humaines environnementales". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10219/document.
These research works highlight the development of analytical methods, based on mass spectrometry, to assess the Exposome according to different strategies. A selective multiresidue method for the analysis of plastic additives and their degradation products that may be released by plastic packaging in food and beverages and thus ingested by man was developed. This method consists of a Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction with bars covered by polydimethylsiloxane derivatives, followed by an analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole instrument. To detect and quantify a wide range of contaminants in contact with man in daily routine, a screening method was developed by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry with a quadrupole-time-of-flight instrument from urinary matrix. The targeted screening method validated according to FDA guidelines allows the quantification of contaminants classified according to different families, in urine without sample preparation, at concentrations of the order of ng.mL-1. This method was applied to volunteers’ urine samples. The non-targeted screening method allows issuing numerous assumptions of compound identification after MS/MS fragmentation. The implementation of this tool to measure the Exposome associated with statistical studies, contribute greatly to the understanding of the causal relationships between diseases and environmental factors
Austin, Sisley. "Criblage d’inhibiteurs de l’interaction virus/hôte [LP]PxY/Nedd4 : une cible antivirale à large spectre". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0340/document.
Broad-spectrum antiviral identification is considered as one of the major aims of theactual virology research and one strategy consists in targeting virus/host interaction. Using theAlphaScreen® technology and the adenoviral model protein VI/Nedd4-2, we performed highthroughputbiochemical screening targeting the [LP]PxY/Nedd4 interaction, a commoninteraction of different virus families. We identified candidate inhibitors from a librarycompound approved by health agencies. We tested, characterized and validated the antiviraleffect of those compounds on two very different virus families. Indeed, compounds C9(Sulconazole) and C4 (Flunarizine) decrease replication of the adenovirus, a DNA nonenvelopedvirus and the replication of the Marburg virus, an RNA enveloped virus from theFilovirus family. Taken together, those results permit us to validate the [LP]PxY/Nedd4interaction as good target for a broad spectrum antiviral and to propose the “repositioning” ofcompounds C4 and C9 as antivirals. Moreover, we have synthesized new analogues from C9showing similar effect on AdV replication compared to the original molecule (C9). Inconclusion, our work on developing new broad-spectrum antivirals highlights the possibilityto use imidazole derivatives as a new class of antiviral compounds
Tremblay-Létourneau, Maude. "La synthèse de la coiffe en tant que nouvelle cible thérapeutique potentielle". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6366.
Dorard, Emilie. "Etude d’une cible thérapeutique pour la maladie d’Alzheimer et mise au point de nouveaux modèles cellulaires de criblage". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB060.
Tomé, Catarina da Silveira. "Intéractions avec le ribosome et changements conformationnels de la GTPase bactérienne EngA, une cible potentielle pour de nouveaux antibiotiques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY033/document.
The development of new therapeutics against bacterial infections has aroused great interest over the last years in the context of drug resistance. The starting-point in the pursuit of new antibiotics for which bacterial resistance mechanisms do not exist is the identification of novel cellular targets. Genetics studies in the early 2000s have identified engA as a conserved bacterial gene whose product is a GTPase that could represent a potential drug target: it is conserved among bacteria, essential for cell survival, and absent in humans.Since EngA acts as an assembly factor for the bacterial ribosome, one of our aims was to develop an assay to screen inhibitors of the EngA-ribosome interactions. These interactions are modulated by EngA conformational changes that are in turn triggered by the binding of different nucleotides to the catalytic G-domain. As the interplay between all these events in bacteria is still not resolved, we have used a multi-technique approach to explore these questions in order to obtain useful information for the setting up of a robust screening assay.SAXS and limited proteolysis showed a conformational change occurring in solution upon addition of either di- or tri-phosphate nucleotides. While model validation analysis confirmed the GDP-bound conformation, the GTP-bound state does not match any known EngA structure. Binding studies have revealed modulation of interactions by different nucleotide-bound states. Furthermore, response to nucleotides occurs at high concentrations, suggesting that the role of EngA in promoting ribosome assembly could be monitored by the intracellular nucleotide concentration. Efforts on identifying the GTP-bound state 3D structure by crystallography have resulted in EngA structures in different crystal forms. Although all the obtained structures represent the GDP-bound state, packing analysis has revealed conserved crystal contacts that can potentially stabilise this conformation during nucleation. Specific mutations aiming at disrupting these contacts may help to promote crystallisation of alternative conformations. Cryo-EM investigation has been initiated in order to obtain the structure of the B. subtilis EngA:50S complex. So far, an electron density map at 6.4 Å resolution has been obtained and its interpretation is underway
Saccucci, Laurent. "Intérêt thérapeutique de la protéine A20 des orthopoxvirus comme cible pertinente d'apatamères peptidiques et de compsés chimiques bloquant ses intéractions essentielles à l'intérieur du complexe de réplication virale". Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10338.
Variola virus (VARV), the etiologic agent of smallpox was responsible of the most devastating infectious disease. Because of successful preventive measures by immunization, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared global eradication of smallpox in 1980. The subsequent discontinuation of vaccination has rendered all children and many adults virtually susceptible to smallpox infection. If variola virus was used in an act of terrorism or warfare it could cause a real catastrophe. So it is essential to develop new antiviral molecules with different mechanisms of action and usable immediately in case of terrorist attack. Here we report the use of two original strategies to identify new effective anti-orthopoxvirus agents targeting specifically the viral replication complex of vaccinia virus (VACV), a valuable surrogate for the smallpox virus. First, through a yeast two-hybrid assay, we have selected peptide aptamers directed against the VACV A20 protein, a central component of the replication complex and shown to form, with the D4 protein, a processivity factor for the viral DNA polymerase. Peptide aptamers are combinatorial protein molecules designed to inhibit the function of target proteins in living cells. We have proved that one selected aptamer interacting with a central region of A20 was able to significantly inhibit viral DNA synthesis and viral production in cell culture. Second, we have performed a high-throughput screening of small molecules to isolate compounds capable of disrupting A20 interaction with either D4, an uracil DNA glycosylase or D5, a DNA-independent nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) that contains a helicase domain. The screen is based on an automated dual-luciferase yeast two-hybrid assay, performed in 384-well plates. Among a collection of 27,600 compounds from diverse commercial chemical libraries we have identified two potential inhibitors that exhibit antipoxvirus effect on infected cell culture. These compounds were also found to specifically inhibit DNA replication. Thus, the screening for inhibitors of protein-protein interactions within viral replication complex remains to be a promising strategy for identifying new compounds active against orthopoxvirus infections
Galmiche, Cécile. "Assemblage par chimie click de fragments d’anticorps produits en bactéries pour un criblage fonctionnel rapide in vivo". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONT3507.
Anti-tumoral monoclonal antibodies are currently produced in eukaryotic cells. For cost and time reasons, a limited number of potential candidates are selected after in vitro tests. They are produced at large scale and then tested in vivo. To test more antibodies and more rapidly, we chose to produce single chain variable fragments (scFv) in bacteria, and to couple them to the eukaryotic constant fragment (Fc) thanks to click chemistry to reconstitute immunoglobulin-like compounds. For a given cost, this enables to produce and test in vivo a larger number of clones. This independent production of fragments is also a flexible tool allowing the combination of different Fc isotypes/allotypes with different scFvs.Click chemistry is based on a specific and high-yield reaction between and azide and a cyclooctyne. Therefore, antibody fragments were functionalised on specific residues (tags) by chemical linker so that each part will contain one of these chemical moieties at their extremity. The first step consisted in introducing tags into the anti-HER2 scFv 4D5 C-terminus and human IgG1 Fc N-termini sequences. The scFvs were produced with yields higher than 100 mg/L in the E. coli cytoplasm and in vitro oxidized with copper sulfate. The Fc fragment was classically produced in human cells. Five chemical or enzymatical reactions were optimised and compared in terms of specificity and yield. The coupling between an amine and a glutamine tag catalysed by microbial transglutaminase gave the best results. The scFv fragment was thus functionalised with an azadibenzocyclooctyne and the Fc fragment with an azide at 60-70%. When mixed together, these fragments formed a (scFv)2-Fc and a scFv-Fc with global yields respectively of 10-20% and 20-30% after optimisation.After the click reaction, the scFv + Fc mix binds to the HER2 receptor on the same way as the eukaryotic (scFv)2-Fc in terms of HER2-binding and proliferation inhibition capacity. Now, it must be demonstrated that their proliferation inhibition of a HER2-positive cell line is similar. The final aim is to get a similar tumour growth inhibition on murine xenografts
Hutin, Mathilde. "Criblage de la diversité d'Oryza spp. pour l'identification de nouvelles sources de résistances dépendantes des effecteurs TAL à X. oryzae pv. oryzae, agent de la bactériose vasculaire du riz". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS164.
Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the most destructive bacterial disease of rice. Xoo pathogenicity critically depends on the TAL (Transcription Activator-Like) effectors. TALs are type three effectors secreted through a type three secretion system into the eukaryotic cell where they act as transcription factors able to manipulate the host transcriptome via the induction of specific genes. DNA-binding specificity involves a unique central repeated region in the TAL effector whereby each repeat directly binds to one single nucleotide. TALs can act as major virulence effector thtough the induction of so-called susceptibility (S) genes that are essential for disease development, or act as avirulence effector by inducing so-called executor (E) resistance genes that promote host defense responses. The goal of this PhD project was to identify and characterize novel TAL-dependent resistance sources to control BLB. In rice, the best characterized S genes are those of the clade III of the sugar transporters SWEET family. The most important is OsSWEET14 as this gene is targeted at unrelated DNA boxes by four TAL effectors, which belong to strains of different lineages and geographic origins. The evolutionary convergence for the induction of SWEET14 reflects its crucial role as major determinant of rice susceptibility to Xoo. A molecular screening of the OsSWEET14 promoter was performed using the natural diversity of wild African rice in order to identify polymorphism that could affect the TAL/DNA binding and thus lead to loss of susceptibility. This work allowed the identification of xa41(t) that confers broad spectrum recessive resistance to Xoo. In a second part of my PhD project, a phenotypic screen for resistance against the Xoo African strain MAI1 of a hundred of rice accessions enabled to identify five TALs. Among them, Tal2 and Tal9 were shown to trigger resistance on the rice variety IR64 the genome of which is fully sequenced. RNAseq analysis identified a small set of resistance E gene candidates underlying potentially IR64 resistance against Xoo strain MAI1. Finally, as a third strategy we aimed within a collaborative project to investigate if PiCO39 that confers resistance of rice towards Magnaporthe oryzae could also control BLB and BLS (Bacterial leaf streak). To that end, Artificial TAL effectors (dTALe) were designed to induce specifically the M. oryzae AVR1-CO39 construct in resistant (PiCO39) and susceptible (piCO39) transgenic backgrounds. We show that the induction of AVR1-CO39 by Xoo or Xoc drastically impairs bacterial colonization in a PiCO39-dependent manner, highlighting the potential of exploiting rice blast or other resistance genes as novel strategies to control rice pathogenic Xanthomonas bacteria
Murat, Jean-Benjamin. "Etudes biochimiques, structurales et fonctionnelles du complexe MARS de Toxoplasma gondii, une nouvelle cible thérapeutique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV031/document.
Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite of felids gut, is responsible for toxoplasmosis, a disease that can induce severe sequelae or death in the foetus or immune-depressed patients. Currently available treatments can prevent or cure most of the cases, but are at risk for side effects and cannot suppress cysts, which cause the chronic disease and are responsible for disease when the immune status is altered. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) are essential for translation, by charging tRNA with cognate aminoacids, a preliminary step of the protein synthesis process.A gene coding for a protein homologous to p43 (which interacts with a subset of aaRSs in higher eukaryotes) was identified in the genome of T. gondii. Following its epitope tagging, we show that Tg-p43 is not secreted nor exported beyond the vacuole as a cytokine, as it is for its human counterpart; however, biochemical analysis of the Tg-p43 interactome reveals four aaRSs as interacting partners, namely Methionyl-, Glutamyl-, Glutaminyl- and Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases. This is the first description of the multi-aaRS (MARS) complex in the Apicomplexa phylum; it is strictly localized in the parasite cytoplasm. The unexpected presence of the Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in the complex raises several questions about how the complex is organised and assembled, and also evolved. Electronic microscopy along with size exclusion chromatography shows heterogeneity and loose structure of the complex, similarly to recent data characterizing higher eukaryotic complexes. Disruption of the complex by knocking-out of the gene Tg-p43 does not induce detectable phenotypic modification, nor alterations of the virulence and cystogenesis in a murine model.Alongside the study on the MARS complex, we used an in silico approach to screen for new compounds to inhibit T. gondii Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. We thus identified one parasitostatic compound that was able to significantly slow down parasite growth while having a relatively low in vitro toxicity against the human host cell. The function of the MARS in T. gondii still remains unknown; the role of Tg-p43 in the post-transcriptional control or any other biological function is probably too subtle to be measured under our experimental conditions. However, our data help to some extent to better measure the evolutionary history of the MARS family. The therapeutic side of this work, although preliminary, may serve as a base for anti-T. gondii drug discovery focusing on aaRS inhibitors, which are obviously good candidate targets