Tesis sobre el tema "Covariance matrice"
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Valeyre, Sébastien. "Modélisation fine de la matrice de covariance/corrélation des actions". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03180258.
Texto completoA new methodology has been introduced to clean the correlation matrix of single stocks returns based on a constrained principal component analysis using financial data. Portfolios were introduced, namely "Fundamental Maximum Variance Portfolios", to capture in an optimal way the risks defined by financial criteria ("Book", "Capitalization", etc.). The constrained eigenvectors of the correlation matrix, which are the linear combination of these portfolios, are then analyzed. Thanks to this methodology, several stylized patterns of the matrix were identified: i) the increase of the first eigenvalue with a time scale from 1 minute to several months seems to follow the same law for all the significant eigenvalues with 2 regimes; ii) a universal law seems to govern the weights of all the "Maximum variance" portfolios, so according to that law, the optimal weights should be proportional to the ranking based on the financial studied criteria; iii) the volatility of the volatility of the "Maximum Variance" portfolios, which are not orthogonal, could be enough to explain a large part of the diffusion of the correlation matrix; iv) the leverage effect (increase of the first eigenvalue with the decline of the stock market) occurs only for the first mode and cannot be generalized for other factors of risk. The leverage effect on the beta, which is the sensitivity of stocks with the market mode, makes variable theweights of the first eigenvector
Zgheib, Rania. "Tests non paramétriques minimax pour de grandes matrices de covariance". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1078/document.
Texto completoOur work contributes to the theory of non-parametric minimax tests for high dimensional covariance matrices. More precisely, we observe $n$ independent, identically distributed vectors of dimension $p$, $X_1,ldots, X_n$ having Gaussian distribution $mathcal{N}_p(0,Sigma)$, where $Sigma$ is the unknown covariance matrix. We test the null hypothesis $H_0 : Sigma =I$, where $I$ is the identity matrix. The alternative hypothesis is given by an ellipsoid from which a ball of radius $varphi$ centered in $I$ is removed. Asymptotically, $n$ and $p$ tend to infinity. The minimax test theory, other approaches considered for testing covariance matrices and a summary of our results are given in the introduction.The second chapter is devoted to the case of Toeplitz covariance matrices $Sigma$. The connection with the spectral density model is discussed. We consider two types of ellipsoids, describe by polynomial weights and exponential weights, respectively. We find the minimax separation rate in both cases. We establish the sharp asymptotic equivalents of the minimax type II error probability and the minimax total error probability. The asymptotically minimax test procedure is a U-statistic of order 2 weighted by an optimal way.The third chapter considers alternative hypothesis containing covariance matrices not necessarily Toeplitz, that belong to an ellipsoid of parameter $alpha$. We obtain the minimax separation rate and give sharp asymptotic equivalents of the minimax type II error probability and the minimax total error probability. We propose an adaptive test procedure free of $alpha$, for $alpha$ belonging to a compact of $(1/2, + infty)$.We implement the tests procedures given in the previous two chapters. The results show their good behavior for large values of $p$ and that, in particular, they gain significantly over existing methods for large $p$ and small $n$.The fourth chapter is dedicated to adaptive tests in the model of covariance matrices where the observations are incomplete. That is, each value of the observed vector is missing with probability $1-a$, $a in (0,1)$ and $a$ may tend to 0. We treat this problem as an inverse problem. We establish the minimax separation rates and introduce new adaptive test procedures. Here, the tests statistics are weighted by constant weights. We consider ellipsoids of Sobolev type, for both cases : Toeplitz and non Toeplitz matrices
Mahot, Mélanie. "Estimation robuste de la matrice de covariance en traitement du signal". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00906143.
Texto completoRicci, Sophie. "Assimilation variationnelle océanique : modélisation multivariée de la matrice de covariance d'erreur d'ébauche". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30048.
Texto completoHaddouche, Mohamed Anis. "Estimation d'une matrice d'échelle". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR058/document.
Texto completoNumerous results on the estimation of a scale matrix in multivariate analysis are obtained under Gaussian assumption (condition under which it is the covariance matrix). However in such areas as Portfolio management in finance, this assumption is not well adapted. Thus, the family of elliptical symmetric distribution, which contains the Gaussian distribution, is an interesting alternative. In this thesis, we consider the problem of estimating the scale matrix _ of the additif model Yp_m = M + E, under theoretical decision point of view. Here, p is the number of variables, m is the number of observations, M is a matrix of unknown parameters with rank q < p and E is a random noise, whose distribution is elliptically symmetric with covariance matrix proportional to Im x Σ. It is more convenient to deal with the canonical forme of this model where Y is decomposed in two matrices, namely, Zq_p which summarizes the information contained in M, and Un_p, where n = m - q which summarizes the information sufficient to estimate Σ. As the natural estimators of the form ^Σ a = a S (where S = UT U and a is a positive constant) perform poorly when the dimension of variables p and the ratio p=n are large, we propose estimators of the form ^Σa;G = a(S + S S+G(Z; S)) where S+ is the Moore-Penrose inverse of S (which coincides with S-1 when S is invertible). We provide conditions on the correction matrix SS+G(Z; S) such that ^Σa;G improves over ^Σa under the quadratic loss L(Σ; ^Σ) = tr(^ΣΣ‾1 - Ip)² and under the data based loss LS (Σ; ^Σ) = tr(S+Σ(^ΣΣ‾1 - Ip)²).. We adopt a unified approach of the two cases where S is invertible and S is non-invertible. To this end, a new Stein-Haff type identity and calculus on eigenstructure for S are developed. Our theory is illustrated with the large class of orthogonally invariant estimators and with simulations
Ilea, Ioana. "Robust classifcation methods on the space of covariance matrices. : application to texture and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar image classification". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0006/document.
Texto completoIn the recent years, covariance matrices have demonstrated their interestin a wide variety of applications in signal and image processing. The workpresented in this thesis focuses on the use of covariance matrices as signatures forrobust classification. In this context, a robust classification workflow is proposed,resulting in the following contributions.First, robust covariance matrix estimators are used to reduce the impact of outlierobservations, during the estimation process. Second, the Riemannian Gaussianand Laplace distributions as well as their mixture model are considered to representthe observed covariance matrices. The k-means and expectation maximization algorithmsare then extended to the Riemannian case to estimate their parameters, thatare the mixture's weight, the central covariance matrix and the dispersion. Next,a new centroid estimator, called the Huber's centroid, is introduced based on thetheory of M-estimators. Further on, a new local descriptor named the RiemannianFisher vector is introduced to model non-stationary images. Moreover, a statisticalhypothesis test is introduced based on the geodesic distance to regulate the classification false alarm rate. In the end, the proposed methods are evaluated in thecontext of texture image classification, brain decoding, simulated and real PolSARimage classification
Hadded, Aouchiche Linda. "Localisation à haute résolution de cibles lentes et de petite taille à l’aide de radars de sol hautement ambigus". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S008/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to enhance the detection of slow-moving targets with low reflectivity in case of ground-based pulse Doppler radars operating in intermediate pulse repetition frequency. These radars are highly ambiguous in range and Doppler. To resolve ambiguities, they transmit successively short pulse trains with different pulse repetition intervals. The transmission of short pulse trains results in a poor Doppler resolution. As consequence, slow-moving targets with low reflectivity, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, are buried into clutter returns. One of the main drawbacks of the classical Doppler processing of intermediate pulse repetition frequency pulse Doppler radars is the low detection performance of small and slowly-moving targets after ground clutter rejection. In order to address this problem, a two-dimensional range / Dopper processing chain including new techniques is proposed in this thesis. First, an iterative algorithm allows to exploit transmitted pulse trains temporal diversity to resolve range and Doppler ambiguities and detect fast, exo-clutter, targets. The detection of slow, endo-clutter, targets is then performed by an adaptive detection scheme. It uses a new covariance matrix estimation approach allowing the association of pulse trains with different characteristics in order to enhance detection performance. The different tests performed on simulated and real data to evaluate the proposed techniques and the new processing chain have shown their effectiveness
Balvay, Daniel. "Qualité de la modélisation en imagerie dynamique de la microcirculation avec injection d'un agent de contraste : nouveaux critères et applications en multimodalité". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112147.
Texto completoThe microcirculation dynamic imaging could be a relevant imaging when used in addition with more conventional medical imaging. The dynamic data are modeled, pixel by pixel, to provide microcirculation parameters maps. However there is no efficient tool to assess the modeling quality. The relevance of the parametric maps provided by the dynamic imaging is then limited. Here, we show that a qualitative and quantitative study of the modeling quality needs first to distinguish two questions : the quality of the data fits and the robusness for the random noise. To separate the questions, we designed a new autocorrelation based method which is able to estimate the amplitude of both the correlated and not correlated component of a signal. This method allowed us to correct the correlation coefficient R² and the covariance matrix estimation. It allowed us to define new reliability criteria and a corrected covariance matrix to replace the more conventional indicators. It was shown, on simulated data and in MR data, that new reliabily criteria are obviously better than the R² to assess fit quality. The corrected covariance matrix which assess the robustness and the redoundancy can be calculated in addition to the reliability criteria unlike conventional one which is limited to good data fits. Thus the modeling quality is obviously improved by the new indicators. It should improve the clinical use of microcirculation dynamic imaging where guaranties are needed against artefact. The interest of the new criteria is showed on many different dynamic data. More generaly the new indicators appear as new efficient tools for signal analysis
Yanou, Ghislain. "Une étude théorique et empirique des estimateurs de la matrice de variance-covariance pour le choix de portefeuilles". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010044.
Texto completoScotta, Juan Pablo. "Amélioration des données neutroniques de diffusion thermique et épithermique pour l'interprétation des mesures intégrales". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0213.
Texto completoIn the present report it was studied the neutron thermal scattering of light water for reactors application. The thermal scattering law model of hydrogen bounded to the water molecule of the JEFF-3.1.1 nuclear data library is based on experimental measures performed in the sixties. The scattering physics of this latter was compared with a model based on molecular dynamics calculations developed at the Atomic Center in Bariloche (Argentina), namely the CAB model. The impact of these models was evaluated as well on reactor calculations at cold conditions. The selected benchmark was the MISTRAL program (UOX and MOX configurations), carried out in the zero power reactor EOLE of CEA Cadarache (France). The contribution of the neutron thermal scattering of hydrogen in water was quantified in terms of the difference in the calculated reactivity and the calculation error on the isothermal reactivity temperature coefficient (RTC). For the UOX lattice, the calculated reactivity with the CAB model at 20 °C is +90 pcm larger than JEFF-3.1.1, while for the MOX lattice is +170 pcm because of the high sensitivity of thermal scattering to this type of fuels. In the temperature range from 10 °C to 80 °C, the calculation error on the RTC is -0.27 ± 0.3 pcm/°C and +0.05 ± 0.3 pcm/°C obtained with JEFF-3.1.1 and the CAB model respectively (UOX lattice). For the MOX lattice, is -0.98 ± 0.3 pcm/°C and -0.72 ± 0.3 pcm/°C obtained with the JEFF-3.1.1 library and with the CAB model respectively. The results illustrate the improvement of the CAB model in the calculation of this safety parameter
Spinnato, Juliette. "Modèles de covariance pour l'analyse et la classification de signaux électroencéphalogrammes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4727/document.
Texto completoThe present thesis finds itself within the framework of analyzing and classifying electroencephalogram signals (EEG) using discriminant analysis. Those multi-sensor signals which are, by nature, highly correlated spatially and temporally are considered, in this work, in the timefrequency domain. In particular, we focus on low-frequency evoked-related potential-type signals (ERPs) that are well described in the wavelet domain. Thereafter, we will consider signals represented by multi-scale coefficients and that have a matrix structure electrodes × coefficients. Moreover, EEG signals are seen as a mixture between the signal of interest that we want to extract and spontaneous activity (also called "background noise") which is overriding. The main problematic is here to distinguish signals from different experimental conditions (class). In the binary case, we focus on the probabilistic approach of the discriminant analysis and Gaussian mixtures are used, describing in each class the signals in terms of fixed (mean) and random components. The latter, characterized by its covariance matrix, allow to model different variability sources. The estimation of this matrix (and of its inverse) is essential for the implementation of the discriminant analysis and can be deteriorated by high-dimensional data and/or by small learning samples, which is the application framework of this thesis. We are interested in alternatives that are based on specific covariance model(s) and that allow to decrease the number of parameters to estimate
Hariri, Walid. "Contribution à la reconnaissance/authentification de visages 2D/3D". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0905/document.
Texto completo3D face analysis including 3D face recognition and 3D Facial expression recognition has become a very active area of research in recent years. Various methods using 2D image analysis have been presented to tackle these problems. 2D image-based methods are inherently limited by variability in imaging factors such as illumination and pose. The recent development of 3D acquisition sensors has made 3D data more and more available. Such data is relatively invariant to illumination and pose, but it is still sensitive to expression variation. The principal objective of this thesis is to propose efficient methods for 3D face recognition/verification and 3D facial expression recognition. First, a new covariance based method for 3D face recognition is presented. Our method includes the following steps : first 3D facial surface is preprocessed and aligned. A uniform sampling is then applied to localize a set of feature points, around each point, we extract a matrix as local region descriptor. Two matching strategies are then proposed, and various distances (geodesic and non-geodesic) are applied to compare faces. The proposed method is assessed on three datasetsincluding GAVAB, FRGCv2 and BU-3DFE. A hierarchical description using three levels of covariances is then proposed and validated. In the second part of this thesis, we present an efficient approach for 3D facial expression recognition using kernel methods with covariance matrices. In this contribution, we propose to use Gaussian kernel which maps covariance matrices into a high dimensional Hilbert space. This enables to use conventional algorithms developed for Euclidean valued data such as SVM on such non-linear valued data. The proposed method have been assessed on two known datasets including BU-3DFE and Bosphorus datasets to recognize the six prototypical expressions
Breloy, Arnaud. "Algorithmes d’estimation et de détection en contexte hétérogène rang faible". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN021/document.
Texto completoOne purpose of array processing is the detection and location of a target in a noisy environment. In most cases (as RADAR or active SONAR), statistical properties of the noise, especially its covariance matrix, have to be estimated using i.i.d. samples. Within this context, several hypotheses are usually made: Gaussian distribution, training data containing only noise, perfect hardware. Nevertheless, it is well known that a Gaussian distribution doesn’t provide a good empirical fit to RADAR clutter data. That’s why noise is now modeled by elliptical process, mainly Spherically Invariant Random Vectors (SIRV). In this new context, the use of the SCM (Sample Covariance Matrix), a classical estimate of the covariance matrix, leads to a loss of performances of detectors/estimators. More efficient estimators have been developed, such as the Fixed Point Estimator and M-estimators.If the noise is modeled as a low-rank clutter plus white Gaussian noise, the total covariance matrix is structured as low rank plus identity. This information can be used in the estimation process to reduce the number of samples required to reach acceptable performance. Moreover, it is possible to estimate the basis vectors of the clutter-plus-noise orthogonal subspace rather than the total covariance matrix of the clutter, which requires less data and is more robust to outliers. The orthogonal projection to the clutter plus noise subspace is usually calculated from an estimatd of the covariance matrix. Nevertheless, the state of art does not provide estimators that are both robust to various distributions and low rank structured.In this Thesis, we therefore develop new estimators that are fitting the considered context, to fill this gap. The contributions are following three axes :- We present a precise statistical model : low rank heterogeneous sources embedded in a white Gaussian noise.We express the maximum likelihood estimator for this context.Since this estimator has no closed form, we develop several algorithms to reach it effitiently.- For the considered context, we develop direct clutter subspace estimators that are not requiring an intermediate Covariance Matrix estimate.- We study the performances of the proposed methods on a Space Time Adaptive Processing for airborne radar application. Tests are performed on both synthetic and real data
Allez, Romain. "Chaos multiplicatif Gaussien, matrices aléatoires et applications". Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780270.
Texto completoIeng, Sio-Song. "Méthodes robustes pour la détection et le suivi des marquages". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066547.
Texto completoChabot, Vincent. "Etude de représentations parcimonieuses des statistiques d'erreur d'observation pour différentes métriques. Application à l'assimilation de données images". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM094/document.
Texto completoRecent decades have seen an increase in quantity and quality of satellite observations . Over the years , those observations has become increasingly important in numerical weather forecasting. Nowadays, these datas are crucial in order to determine optimally the state of the studied system. In particular, satellites can provide dense observations in areas poorly observed by conventionnal networks. However, the potential of such observations is clearly under--used in data assimilation : in order to avoid the management of observation errors, thinning methods are employed in association to variance inflation.In this thesis, we adress the problem of extracting information on the system dynamic from satellites images data during the variationnal assimilation process. This study is carried out in an academic context in order to quantify the influence of observation noise and of clouds on the performed analysis.When the noise is spatially correlated, it is hard to take into account such correlations by working in the pixel space. Indeed, it is necessary to invert the observation error covariance matrix (which turns out to be very huge) or make an approximation easily invertible of such a matrix. Analysing the information in an other space can make the job easier. In this manuscript, we propose to perform the analysis step in a wavelet basis or a curvelet frame. Indeed, in those structured spaces, a correlated noise does not affect in the same way the differents structures. It is then easier to take into account part of errors correlations : a suitable approximation of the covariance matrix is made by considering only how each kind of element is affected by a correlated noise. The benefit of this approach is demonstrated on different academic tests cases.However, when some data are missing one has to address the problem of adapting the way correlations are taken into account. This work is not an easy one : working in a different observation space for each image makes the use of easily invertible approximate covariance matrix very tricky. In this work a way to adapt the diagonal hypothesis of the covariance matrix in a wavelet basis, in order to take into account that images are partially hidden, is proposed. The interest of such an approach is presented in an idealised case
Taylor, Abigael. "Traitements SAR multivoies pour la détection de cibles mobiles". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN048/document.
Texto completoAirborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provides high-resolution images, by compensating a phase shift linked to the platform movement. However, this processing is not suited for imaging moving target, for they introduce an additional phase shift, depending on their velocity and acceleration. By using a multichannel SAR system, it is possible to correctly process moving targets. Such a processing is closely related to Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) principles. Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provides high-resolution images, by compensating a phase shift linked to the platform movement. However, this processing is not suited for imaging moving target, for they introduce an additional phase shift, depending on their velocity and acceleration. By using a multichannel SAR system, it is possible to correctly process moving targets. Such a processing is closely related to Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) principles
Grisel, Richard. "Détectabilité du nombre de sources en sonar". Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES011.
Texto completoCissokho, Youssouph. "Extremal Covariance Matrices". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37124.
Texto completoMorvan, Marie. "Modèles de régression pour données fonctionnelles hétérogènes : application à la modélisation de données de spectrométrie dans le moyen infrarouge". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S097.
Texto completoIn many application fields, data corresponds to curves. This work focuses on the analysis of spectrometric curves, composed of hundreds of ordered variables that corresponds to the absorbance values measured for each wavenumber. In this context, an automatic statistical procedure is developped, that aims at building a prediction model taking into account the heterogeneity of the observed data. More precisely, a diagnosis tool is built in order to predict a metabolic disease from spectrometric curves measured on a population composed of patients with differents profile. The procedure allows to select portions of curves relevant for the prediction and to build a partition of the data and a sparse predictive model simultaneously, using a mixture of penalized regressions suitable for functional data. In order to study the complexity of the data and of the application case, a method to better understand and display the interactions between variables is built. This method is based on the study of the covariance matrix structure, and aims to highlight the dependencies between blocks of variables. A medical example is used to present the method and results, and allows the use of specific visualization tools
Février, Maxime. "Liberté infinitésimale et modèles matriciels déformés". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1252/.
Texto completoThis thesis is about Random Matrix Theory and Free Probability whose strong relation is known since the early nineties. The results mainly organize in two parts : one on infinitesimal freeness, the other on deformed matrix models. More precisely, a combinatorial theory of first order infinitesimal freeness, as introduced by Belinschi and Shlyakhtenko, is developed and generalized to higher order. We give a simple and general framework and we introduce infinitesimal non-crossing cumulant functionals, providing a characterization of infinitesimal freeness. The emphasis is put on combinatorics and on the essentially differential ideas underlying this notion. The second part carries further the study of deformations of matrix models, which has been a very active field of research these past years. The results we present are original in the sense they deal with non-necessarily finite rank deterministic Hermitian perturbations of Wigner and Wishart matrices. Moreover, these results shed light on the link between convergence of eigenvalues of deformed matrix models and free probability, particularly the subordination phenomenon related to free convolution. This link gives an illustration of the power of free probability ideas in random matrix problems
Phan, Duy Nhat. "Algorithmes basés sur la programmation DC et DCA pour l’apprentissage avec la parcimonie et l’apprentissage stochastique en grande dimension". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0235/document.
Texto completoThese days with the increasing abundance of data with high dimensionality, high dimensional classification problems have been highlighted as a challenge in machine learning community and have attracted a great deal of attention from researchers in the field. In recent years, sparse and stochastic learning techniques have been proven to be useful for this kind of problem. In this thesis, we focus on developing optimization approaches for solving some classes of optimization problems in these two topics. Our methods are based on DC (Difference of Convex functions) programming and DCA (DC Algorithms) which are wellknown as one of the most powerful tools in optimization. The thesis is composed of three parts. The first part tackles the issue of variable selection. The second part studies the problem of group variable selection. The final part of the thesis concerns the stochastic learning. In the first part, we start with the variable selection in the Fisher's discriminant problem (Chapter 2) and the optimal scoring problem (Chapter 3), which are two different approaches for the supervised classification in the high dimensional setting, in which the number of features is much larger than the number of observations. Continuing this study, we study the structure of the sparse covariance matrix estimation problem and propose four appropriate DCA based algorithms (Chapter 4). Two applications in finance and classification are conducted to illustrate the efficiency of our methods. The second part studies the L_p,0regularization for the group variable selection (Chapter 5). Using a DC approximation of the L_p,0norm, we indicate that the approximate problem is equivalent to the original problem with suitable parameters. Considering two equivalent reformulations of the approximate problem we develop DCA based algorithms to solve them. Regarding applications, we implement the proposed algorithms for group feature selection in optimal scoring problem and estimation problem of multiple covariance matrices. In the third part of the thesis, we introduce a stochastic DCA for large scale parameter estimation problems (Chapter 6) in which the objective function is a large sum of nonconvex components. As an application, we propose a special stochastic DCA for the loglinear model incorporating latent variables
Fevrier, Maxime. "Liberté infinitésimale et modèles matriciels déformés". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567800.
Texto completoKang, Xiaoning. "Contributions to Large Covariance and Inverse Covariance Matrices Estimation". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82150.
Texto completoPh. D.
Bidon, Stéphanie. "Estimation et détection en milieu non-homogène : application au traitement spatio-temporel adaptatif". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7737/1/bidon.pdf.
Texto completoGuigues, Vincent. "Inférence statistique pour l'optimisation stochastique : applications en finance et en gestion de production". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00098287.
Texto completoDans une première partie, on considère des problèmes d'allocation d'actifs se formulant comme des problèmes d'optimisation convexes. La fonction coût et les contraintes dépendent d'un paramètre multidimensionnel inconnu. On montre, sous l'hypothèse d'homogénéité temporelle locale pour le processus des rendements, que l'on peut construire des approximations du problème original se servant d'une estimation adaptative du paramètre inconnu. La précision du problème approché est fournie. Cette méthode a été appliquée sur les problèmes VaR et de Markowitz et l'on présente les résultats de simulations numériques sur des données réelles et simulées. On propose ensuite une analyse de sensibilité pour une classe de problèmes quadratiques dont on déduit une analyse de sensibilité du problème de Markowitz. Pour ce problème, on propose alors une calibration stable de la matrice de covariance et des contreparties robustes.
La deuxième partie porte sur l'analyse de problèmes de gestion de production et en particulier le problème de gestion de production électrique. Nous proposons de nouvelles modélisations pour ce problème et des moyens pour les mettre en oeuvre. L'un des modèles conduit à une résolution par décomposition par les prix. Dans ce cas, on montre comment calculer la fonction duale par programmation dynamique. On explique enfin comment dans chaque cas, une stratégie de gestion est mise en place. Les différentes méthodes de gestion sont comparées sur des données réelles et simulées.
Avanesov, Valeriy. "Dynamics of high-dimensional covariance matrices". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18801.
Texto completoWe consider the detection and localization of an abrupt break in the covariance structure of high-dimensional random data. The study proposes two novel approaches for this problem. The approaches are essentially hypothesis testing procedures which requires a proper choice of a critical level. In that regard calibration schemes, which are in turn different non-standard bootstrap procedures, are proposed. One of the approaches relies on techniques of inverse covariance matrix estimation, which is motivated by applications in neuroimaging. A limitation of the approach is a sparsity assumption crucial for precision matrix estimation which the second approach does not rely on. The description of the approaches are followed by a formal theoretical study justifying the proposed calibration schemes under mild assumptions and providing the guaranties for the break detection. Theoretical results for the first approach rely on the guaranties for inference of precision matrix procedures. Therefore, we rigorously justify adaptive inference procedures for precision matrices. All the results are obtained in a truly high-dimensional (dimensionality p >> n) finite-sample setting. The theoretical results are supported by simulation studies, most of which are inspired by either real-world neuroimaging or financial data.
Ibrahim, Jean-Paul. "Grandes déviations pour des modèles de percolation dirigée et des matrices aléatoires". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577242.
Texto completoIbrahim, Jean-Paul. "Grandes déviations pour des modèles de percolation dirigée & pour des matrices aléatoires". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1250/.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study two random models: last-passage percolation and random matrices. Despite the difference between these two models, they highlight common interests and phenomena. The last-passage percolation or LPP is a growth model in the lattice plane. It is part of a wide list of growth models and is used to model phenomena in various fields: tandem queues in series, totally asymmetric simple exclusion process, etc. In the first part of this thesis, we focused on LPP's large deviation properties. Later in this part, we studied the LPP's transversal fluctuations. Alongside the work on growth models, we studied another subject that also emerges in the world of physics: random matrices. These matrices are divided into two main categories introduced twenty years apart: the sample covariance matrices and Wigner's matrices. The extent of the scope of these matrices is so large we can meet almost all the sciences: probability, combinatorics, atomic physics, multivariate statistics, telecommunications, representation theory, etc. Among the most studied mathematical objects, we list the joint distribution of eigenvalues, the empirical spectral density, the eigenvalues spacing, the largest eigenvalue and eigenvectors. For example, in quantum mechanics, the eigenvalues of a GUE matrix model the energy levels of an electron around the nucleus while the eigenvector associated to the largest eigenvalue of a sample covariance matrix indicates the direction or the main axis in data analysis. As with the LPP, we studied large deviation properties of the largest eigenvalue for some sample covariance matrices. This study could have applications in statistics. Despite the apparent difference, the random matrix theory is strictly related to directed percolation model. Correlation structures are similar in some cases. The convergence of fluctuations to the famous Tracy-Widom law in both cases illustrates the connection between these two models
Dellagi, Hatem. "Estimations paramétrique et non paramétrique des données manquantes : application à l'agro-climatologie". Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066546.
Texto completoOhlson, Martin. "Studies in Estimation of Patterned Covariance Matrices". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematisk statistik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18519.
Texto completoYekollu, Srikar. "Graph Based Regularization of Large Covariance Matrices". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1237243768.
Texto completoRizzato, Matteo. "Non-Gaussian cosmology : theoretical and statistical challenges for modern galaxy surveys". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS334.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we address key points for an efficient implementation of likelihood codes for modern weak lensing large-scale structure surveys. Specifically, we will focus on the joint weak lensing convergence power spectrum-bispectrum probe and we will tackle the numerical challenges required by realistic analyses. In order to clearly convey the importance of our research, we first provide an in-depth review of the background material required for a comprehensive understanding of the final results. The cosmological context of the study is provided, followed by a description of the technical elements inherent to unbiased covariance matrix estimation for the probe considered. Under the assumption of multivariate Gaussian likelihood, we developed a high performance code that allows highly parallelised prediction of the binned tomographic observables and of their joint non-Gaussian covariance matrix accounting for terms up to the 6-point correlation function and super-sample effects. This performance allows us to qualitatively address several interesting scientific questions. We find that the bispectrum provides an improvement in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of about 10% on top of the power spectrum alone, making it a non-negligible source of information for future surveys. Furthermore, we are capable to address the impact of theoretical uncertainties in the halo model used to build our observables; with presently allowed variations we conclude that the impact is negligible on the S/N. Finally, we consider data compression possibilities to optimise future analyses of the weak lensing bispectrum. We find that, ignoring systematics, 5 equipopulated redshift bins are enough to recover the information content of a Euclid-like survey, with negligible improvement when increasing to 10 bins. We also explore principal component analysis and dependence on the triangle shapes as ways to reduce the numerical complexity of the problem
Pascal, Frédéric. "Détection et Estimation en Environnement non Gaussien". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128438.
Texto completoElle décrit également les performances et les propriétés théoriques (SIRV-CFAR) du détecteur GLRT-LQ construits avec ces nouveaux estimateurs. En particulier, on montre l'invariance du détecteur à la loi de la texture mais également à la matrice de covariance régissant les propriétés spectrales du fouillis. Ces nouveaux détecteurs sont ensuite analysés sur des données simulées mais également testés sur des données réelles de fouillis de sol.
Passemier, Damien. "Inférence statistique dans un modèle à variances isolées de grande dimension". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780492.
Texto completoAccardo, Jérôme. "Valeurs propres des matrices de Toeplitz et matrices de covariance de processus". Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10123.
Texto completoGunay, Melih. "Representation Of Covariance Matrices In Track Fusion Problems". Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609026/index.pdf.
Texto completoSivapalan, Ajani. "Estimating covariance matrices in a portfolio allocation problem". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39390.
Texto completoKim, Myung Geun. "Models for the covariance matrices of several groups /". The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487758680162533.
Texto completoKeller, Gaëlle. "Génération et caractérisation d'états intriqués en variables continues". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265679.
Texto completoLa question de la caractérisation de ces corrélations est largement abordée, en particulier dans le cas des états gaussiens. Le formalisme mathématique des matrices de covariance, particulièrement adapté à cette étude, est développé ; et les différents critères existants sont répertoriés.
Ces critères permettent de caractériser le degré d'intrication des faisceaux générés par le dispositif expérimental au cœur de cette thèse : un Oscillateur Paramétrique Optique auto-verrouillé en phase. Au-dessous du seuil, les faisceaux, de valeur moyenne nulle, présentent une séparabilité de 0,33. Le système viole de manière apparente l'inégalité de Heisenberg de 58%. Au-dessus du seuil, les faisceaux brillants obtenus sont également fortement non classiques : la séparabilité vaut 0,76 et l'inégalité de Heisenberg est violée en apparence de 24%.
Une application originale de ce dispositif est proposée : il est montré théoriquement qu'un OPO à deux cristaux auto-verrouillé en phase génère deux faisceaux intriqués en polarisation, ce qui devrait faciliter le transfert de l'intrication de la lumière à la matière.
Monsivais, Miguel. "Using an Eigenvalue Distribution to Compare Covariance Structure Matrices". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331934/.
Texto completoNzabanita, Joseph. "Bilinear and Trilinear Regression Models with Structured Covariance Matrices". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118089.
Texto completoALHARBI, YOUSEF S. "RECOVERING SPARSE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO HIGH-DIMENSIONAL COVARIANCE MATRICES". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1500392318023941.
Texto completoKalaitzis, Alfredo. "Learning with structured covariance matrices in linear Gaussian models". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4038/.
Texto completoYoussef, Pierre y Pierre Youssef. "Invertibilité restreinte, distance au cube et covariance de matrices aléatoires". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952297.
Texto completoYoussef, Pierre. "Invertibilité restreinte, distance au cube et covariance de matrices aléatoires". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1022/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we address three themes : columns subset selection in a matrix, the Banach-Mazur distance to the cube and the estimation of the covariance of random matrices. Although the three themes seem distant, the techniques used are similar throughout the thesis. In the first place, we generalize the restricted invertibility principle of Bougain-Tzafriri. This result allows us to extract a "large" block of linearly independent columns inside a matrix and estimate the smallest singular value of the restricted matrix. We also propose a deterministic algorithm in order to extract an almost isometric block inside a matrix i.e a submatrix whose singular values are close to 1. This result allows us to recover the best known result on the Kadison-Singer conjecture. Applications to the local theory of Banach spaces as well as to harmonic analysis are deduced. We give an estimate of the Banach-Mazur distance between a symmetric convex body in Rn and the cube of dimension n. We propose an elementary approach, based on the restricted invertibility principle, in order to improve and simplify the previous results dealing with this problem. Several studies have been devoted to approximate the covariance matrix of a random vector by its sample covariance matrix. We extend this problem to a matrix setting and we answer the question. Our result can be interpreted as a quantified law of large numbers for positive semidefinite random matrices. The estimate we obtain, applies to a large class of random matrices
Fisher, Thomas J. "On the testing and estimation of high-dimensional covariance matrices". Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1263408675/.
Texto completoNzabanita, Joseph. "Estimation in Multivariate Linear Models with Linearly Structured Covariance Matrices". Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78845.
Texto completoBUCCI, ANDREA. "Un modello con variabili esogene per la matrice delle covarianze realizzate". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245577.
Texto completoFinancial volatility assumes a crucial role for risk management, asset pricing and portfolio management. Several studies found that volatility is higher when the level of economic activity is low. Thus, it seems interesting to examine the role of macroeconomic and financial variables in predicting volatility. This thesis aims to analyze the relationship between volatility and macroeconomic and financial determinants in the multivariate. The analysis is based on a procedure that involves the use of the realized variance as volatility measure, on the use of a matrix transformation, as the Cholesky decomposition, on the use of a linear and a non-linear model with the inclusion of macroeconomic and financial predictors. Chapter 1 explores the literature on the measures of volatility, particularly focusing on the realized variance and its extensions. In the second chapter, the thesis introduces two predictive models, a linear model and a non-linear model. The predictive role of the Cholesky decomposition and the use of predictors out-of-sample is evaluated with direct methods. The non-linear model is preceded by structural breaks and non-linearity tests. The models are estimated on two distinct data set. The third chapter presents an empirical application of the models introduced in the second chapter in a portfolio optimization and in risk management.
Ribes, Aurélien. "Détection statistique des changements climatiques". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439861.
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