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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Cours d'eau intermittents"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Cours d'eau intermittents"
Chaussé, Christine, Nicole Limondin-Lozouet, Serge Occhietti, Pierre Voinchet y Jean-Christophe Bacon. "La Nappe alluviale de Soucy-Les-Grandes-Pièces (Yonne, France) : reconstitution pluridisciplinaire du fonctionnement d’un cours d’eau du Pléistocène moyen". Géographie physique et Quaternaire 54, n.º 2 (2 de octubre de 2002): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004779ar.
Texto completo"Small Stream Channels and their Riparian Zones / [Les petits cours d'eau éphémères et intermittents et leurs zones riveraines]". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2003): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-910.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Cours d'eau intermittents"
Belemtougri, Patindé Axel. "Compréhension et caractérisation de l'intermittence du réseau hydrographique en Afrique : développements méthodologiques et applications hydrologiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS318.
Texto completoIntermittent rivers are rivers that stop flowing at some point in space and time. However, the understanding of the spatio-temporal variability of intermittent rivers as well as their precise location in the hydrographic network remains limited due to a lack of data (hydrometric, hydrographic, etc..). These difficulties are accentuated in data-limited regions such as Africa and this thesis aims to develop methodological approaches that rely on Random Forest models and statistical analyses to characterize the spatial distribution of intermittent rivers and to better understand the controlling factors of intermittency in Africa in order to overcome the observation gaps. Firstly, this thesis focused on the regional scale in Burkina Faso where 49 stream gauging stations with at least four years of data over the period 1955-1985 were examined. The mean number of months with zero flow per year ((Ndry) ̅) was used as a predictor to define four increasing classes of flow intermittency namely: permanent (0-1 months with zero flow), weakly intermittent (2-4), highly intermittent (5-7), ephemeral (8-12). A principal component analysis (PCA) performed on 49 gauging stations showed that, although the Strahler order and the average annual precipitation influence the geographical distribution of the different intermittency classes in Burkina Faso, the average permeability and the upstream catchment area mainly explain this distribution. This study suggests that the seasonality of precipitation in Burkina Faso also makes streamflow seasonal regardless of mean annual precipitation unless hydrogeological processes are involved, notably through the contribution of aquifers to baseflow during low-flow periods. The Random Forest model estimated that 88% of the total length of the rivers in Burkina Faso are intermittent compared to 98% in the national reference hydrographic databases (IGB-BNDT). Secondly, at the African scale, 1125 gauging stations with at least 4 years of data are examined over the period 1958-1991. Several Random Forest models were trained to relate the classes of intermittency observed at the gauging stations to the characteristic values of the key environmental variables identified (15). This model calibration identified, in order of importance, the aridity index (P/ETP), upstream catchment area, and mean annual potential evapotranspiration as the most important controlling factors of intermittency at the continental scale in Africa. This is further confirmed by the fact that the majority of gauges stations classified as intermittent in the sample analyzed have mean annual potential evapotranspiration values that are higher than the mean annual precipitation (i.e, aridity index < 1). This study predicts that in Africa 44% of the river length is permanent while 56% is intermittent (9% weakly intermittent, 31% highly intermittent, 16% ephemeral). The model predictions generally capture the spatial distribution of intermittency in the national reference hydrographic database of South Africa, Benin, Madagascar, and Mali somewhat less so in Burkina Faso. Finally, this thesis focused on the difficulties of global and continental river networks to reproduce the spatial variability of the observed drainage density in the national reference hydrographic database of different countries in Africa. A simple method for extracting streams from DEM (Digital Elevation Model) with a spatially variable contributing area (Amin) was developed
Grillot, Christine. "Fonctionnement hydrologique et dynamique des nutriments d'une rivière intermittente méditerranéenne en étiage et en crus : analyse spatiale et temporelle". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20082.
Texto completoCrabot, Julie. "Continuité écologique, fragmentation et dynamique spatio-temporelle des communautés en rivières intermittentes". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1319.
Texto completoEcology aims at understanding how species and individuals are distributed in space and time. Progress has been recently made in spatial analyses of communities but structuring mechanisms are often considered as static or stable over time. This could affect the understanding of the role of deterministic (such as the influence of local environmental factors) and stochastic processes (such as random fluctuations of mortality rates) in maintaining ecosystems, especially for dynamic ecosystems regularly exposed to drastic changes of environmental conditions. My objective in this thesis was to improve knowledge on spatial and temporal structures of communities in dynamic ecosystems, based on the study of intermittent rivers, experiencing interruption of flow and/ or loss of surface water. The Chapter 3 contributed to improve a statistical tool routinely used in spatial analyses of community. Mantel tests, measuring the correlation between two distance matrices and its significance, are frequently used to study to which extent environmental filtering and dispersal structure metacommunities. We showed that Moran Spectral Randomization allowed us to correct the overestimation of the correlation between distance matrices when they presented spatial autocorrelation. Our results suggest that community analyses based on those tests may have overestimated the structuring role of environmental filtering and that our method will allow future analyses to avoid this bias. In addition, Mantel tests being used in other domains such as genetics, the improvement suggested here will have larger outcomes than community ecology. In Chapter 4, I showed that spatial and temporal distributions of drying event influenced community dynamics in intermittent rivers. The influence of the spatial pattern of disturbances, defined here as an extreme change of environmental conditions, had been previously tested with simulations and mesocosms but not in situ. Upstream-drying river basins harboured more dissimilar communities compared to downstream-drying basins. Upstream drying events may restrain recolonization for aquatic dispersers and lead to a lesser homogenisation of communities. Frequency and duration of drying events also influenced the temporal dynamics of communities and generally led to a higher temporal variability of taxonomic and functional compositions; this relationship was, however, dependent on the spatial drying pattern. By comparing French rivers that have been exposed to drying for centuries and Czech rivers recently exposed to flow intermittence caused by anthropic disturbances, I showed that aquatic communities responded differently to intermittence (Chapter 5). Measuring spatial and temporal beta diversity highlighted the higher variability of communities induced by drying in Czech rivers from both taxonomic and functional perspectives. In addition, a higher sensitivity of resilient taxa to increasing flow intermittence was found in Chapter 5 for non-natural intermittent rivers and this suggests that the increase of drying duration and drying length induced by climate change might jeopardize the recovery of community of these ecosystems after drying in near future
Loustau, Emilie. "Effet des facteurs environnementaux sur la nature des EPS, la capacité de sorption du cuivre et le potentiel de résilience de biofilms phototrophes simplifiés". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30148.
Texto completoPhototrophic biofilm, the main benthic signature of fast-flowing rivers, provide an important number of ecosystem services related to self-purification mechanisms (nitrates, pesticides, metal contaminations, etc.). However, their functioning is strongly disturbed by the increasing anthropogenic pressures, particularly by the presence of traces metals (TM) or the sequential interruption of surface flow. In the context of global change, the response of phototrophic communities should be considered for river management, in term of chemical and ecological properties. The aim of this thesis was to understand the physiological responses of benthic phototrophic microorganisms to environmental parameters involved in global change (light, temperature, phosphorus) as well as their response to a multi-stress combining the exposure of biofilms to TM (Cu and Zn, alone or in cocktail) by the prolonged drying of biofilm. Physiological responses of biofilm (biomass, photosynthetic activity and EPS production (extracellular polymeric substances)) were studied to analyze the tolerance and resilience capacities of communities. Three benthic phototrophic species were chosen: the cyanobacteria Phormidium autumnale, the diatom Nitzschia palea and the green algae Uronema confervicolum. Cultures of biofilm in free surface flow microcosms (hydraulic mini-channels) allowed to control all the experimental parameters. The first step was to develop a method for EPS extraction from the biofilm matrix while preserving the cell integrity of phototrophic microorganisms. Subsequently, the study of physiological responses of monospecific phototrophic biofilm exposed to Cu or/and Zn showed different sensitivities of phototrophic species. Then the sorption capacity of Cu by these species depended on environmental parameters, via the modulation of EPS production and composition. Finally, the double-stress characterised by Cu exposition followed by drying biofilm induced also resilience responses when rewetting, modulated by the environmental parameters. Overall, the monospecific phototrophic biofilms studied present different tolerance and resilience capacities by modifying the abundance and composition of EPS produced
Vander, Vorste Ross. "The hyporeic zone as a primary source of invertebrate community resilience in intermittent alluvial rivers : evidence from field and mesocosm experiments". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10259/document.
Texto completoUnderstanding community response to disturbance is essential to identifying processes that determine their assembly and to predicting the future effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Drying (complete loss of surface water) is a natural disturbance affecting 50% of rivers worldwide and is occurring more in perennial rivers due to climate change. However, its effects on aquatic invertebrate communities and the underlying processes contributing to their resilience (i.e. return to pre-drying or undisturbed levels) have not been well quantified. Using 4 congruous field and mesocosm experiments to quantify community resilience and identify its primary sources in environmentally harsh alluvial rivers. First, I found communities in 8 alluvial rivers were highly resilient to moderate and severe drying. Second, I showed that the hyporheic zone (saturated interstitial sediments) can be the primary source of colonists, promoting high community resilience. Third, I found high water temperature and intraspecific competition caused Gammarus pulex, a common benthic detritivore, to migrate into the hyporheic zone. Fourth, I found increasing depth to the water table diminished the hyporheic zone’s role as a source of colonists by reducing survival of G. pulex. My results support an emerging concept that harsh ecosystems are highly resilient and indicate that the effects of drying on biodiversity and ecosystem functions could vary across river systems. In alluvial rivers, the hyporheic zone can contribute strongly to community resilience and management should focus on protecting and restoring vertical connectivity to maximize resilience to climate change
Le, Coz Mathieu. "Modélisation hydrogéologique de dépôts hétérogènes : l'alluvium de la Komadougou Yobé (bassin du lac Tchad, sud-est nigérien)". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20140/document.
Texto completoThe downstream part of the Komadugu Yobe River is an important recharge area for the Lake Chad Quaternary aquifer. Since the 1980s, cash crop development (e.g. sweet pepper) has led to the doubling (1995-2005) of irrigated surfaces in the vicinity of the river. A modeling approach of vertical water fluxes through the vadose zone (0-8 m) was designed to quantify the related increase in groundwater recharge. The first step, which is the main topic of this PhD thesis, consisted in describing both spatial arrangement and hydrodynamic properties of the sedimentary bodies that make up the alluvium.Boreholes in surficial deposits highlighted sandy to clayey alternations within the whole unsaturated zone; this was interpreted as the result of frequent migrations of the River channel. Spatial correlation between bore logs showed strong similarities with heterogeneities depicted on ground by means of remote sensing data (binarized Landsat 7 image). This data were therefore used to train multiple-point statistics representative of heterogeneities, and a 3D geological model was generated through the snesim algorithm.For each representative sedimentary unit, soil moisture under controlled hydraulic surface conditions was monitored by vertical neutron probe soundings. Using 1D numerical simulations, different data sets of hydrodynamic properties that reproduced moisture measurements were determined by a Monte-Carlo approach. Probability density functions including measurement uncertainties were deduced for the Mualem - van Genuchten parameters which describe both retention and hydraulic conductivity curves.A 1D-distributed procedure was applied for modeling vertical flows in the unsaturated zone within several geological model realizations with different probable sets of hydrodynamics parameters. The simulated diffuse recharge was shown to be particularly sensitive to two main parameters: air-entry pressure linked to superficial deposits, where soil-plant-atmosphere interactions do occur, and vertical hydraulic conductivity contrasts within the alluvium
Bouimouass, Houssne. "Characterizing groundwater recharge processes in a semiarid mountain-front using stable isotopes, hydrochemistry and heat as a tracer (Ourika basin, Tensift, Central Morocco) Groundwater recharge sources in the mountain-front Seasonality in intermittent streamflow losses beneath a semiarid wadi". Thesis, Avignon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AVIG0059.
Texto completoMountaifront recherge is the recharge of grounwater occuring in the piedmonts of high-elevation mountain often receiving more precipitation due to orographic effects. This type of recharge is the major source of groundwater replenishment in many semi(arid) basins. The Tensift basin in central Morocco hosts the large alluvial plain of Haouz with its vast pheatic aquifer of more than 6000 km². groundwater in the Haouz plain is the main source of water for the socio-economic activities in the area. This groundwater originates from the adjacent high-Atlas ranges. Despite the importance of mountain-front recharge for the socio-economic deveopment in the area, it was never investigated with care but only incorporate in a very limited regional-scale studies providing highly speculative conclusions. The aims of the present study is the close investigation of recharge sources in the mountain-front area of the High-Atlas of Marrakech at the local scale, with an emphasis on infiltration within wadi channels. Hydrophysical data (piezometry, sediment water content and heat), hydrochemical (major ions) and environmental tracers (stable isotopes of water) from field campaigns and experiments were used in this study. The data acquired was analyzed by analytical methods and modeling (heat transport modeling). Coupled groundwater fluctuation measurements and environmental tracers (18O, ²H, and major ions) were used to identify and compare the natural mountain-front recharge to the anthropogenic irrigation recharge. Within the High-Atlas mountain front of the Ourika Basin, Central Morocco, the groundwater fluctuation mapping from the dry to wet season showed that recharge beneath the irrigation area may be higher than recharge along the streanbed. A conceptual model of seasonal groundwater recharge sources in the study area was established. Theses findings highlight that irrigation practices can result in the dominant mountain front racharge process for groundwater. The hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the mountain-front area is controlled mainly by water-rock interactions through mineral dissolution, silicate weathering and ion exchange. The strong relationship between groundwater and mountain water, enhanced by traditional irrigation, and the ecological agriculture practiced in the area preserved the excellent quality of groundwater. Streambed water content and temperature were continuously logged over a year for the Rheraya intermittent wadi. Over the entire year, the calculated total potential recharge based on heat transfer modeling was 425 mm/m2. During winter and spring when the alluvium has a higher water moisture, this recharge is predominantly generated by floods. Normal streamflow generally generates low infiltration but contributes to wetting the sediment. During the summer, brief flashfloods over dry sediment result in shallower and slow wetting from infiltration, despite of their higher peak streamflow. Results from this study can be incorporated in future management schemes for the water resources preservation in the Tensift basin
Labbé, Hélène. "Identification des ruisseaux intermittents et permanents dans le massif des Laurentides et la réserve faunique La Vérendrye /". 2001. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766160051&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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