Tesis sobre el tema "Couplages énergétiques"
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Dupré, la Tour Marie-Alix. "Towards a Decarbonized Energy System in Europe in 2050 : Impact of Vector Coupling and Renewable Deployment Limits". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0014.
Texto completoTo address climate change, Europe is committed to a decarbonized energy system by 2050.The power system has a large potential for decarbonization. It can thus contribute to the decarbonization of other vectors (hydrogen for example), which will therefore tend to become more electrified. Therefore, this thesis has focused on the decarbonization of the power system on the one hand, and the interaction between the various energy vectors on the other.The decarbonization of the power vector will involve the use of renewable energies. However, the studies that evaluate their potential obtain very different values. In the first chapter, which consisted of a systematic literature review of wind and photovoltaic studies of potential in Europe, the variability of these values was examined. The areal limits of the potentials are not restrictive, and the variability of the values is due to the addition of socio-political criteria to the calculations of potential. Ultimately, the limit to the development of renewables will not be technical feasibility but political and societal will and limits of the industrial sector, including the availability of the necessary natural resources (metals, etc.).In a second chapter, the operation and prices of this coupled system with fixed capacities were studied. The influence of the couplings on the prices of the energy vectors was underlined. In particular, the flexibility of the demand for synthesis gas (via electrolysis) could set the electricity prices on a majority of the time steps of the year. The importance of seasonal stock management in the formation of gas prices, and therefore electricity prices, was highlighted. To operate optimally, such a system requires a high level of coordination between vectors. Variants that degrade coordination show a significant increase in the operating costs of the energy system.Finally, a third chapter addressed the consequences of energy couplings on the system flexibility requirements. Variants on each vector were analyzed through the evaluation of the flexibility needs based on indicators on several time scales. In particular, the interest of coordination between vectors was confirmed: it also avoids massive investments
Segond, Guillaume. "Etudes des couplages thermohydrauliques en régime variable d'un système thermique avec stockage : application à la production d'eau chaude sanitaire à partir de la valorisation d'une source de chaleur basse température". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4722.
Texto completoThe work presented here aims to study and optimize the energy efficiency of a heat pump water heater coupled with a sensible heat storage. The resource used consists of heat recovery from exhaust air of a collective type of housing. The challenge is to characterize the conditions in which the system is capable of ensuring the needs with performance required when the boundary conditions are very volatile. Functionally, the system should be as simple as possible from the viewpoint of its hydraulic configuration and its control strategy.For this study, we developed a TRNSYS numerical model to simulate and analyze different scenarios and thermal hydraulic couplings between the system components. In parallel with this modeling approach, we designed and implemented an experimental set up with realistic scale to validate the model over a wide range of operating conditions.The analysis of the results, including the nature of flows within the storage tank, highlighted the major influence on a number of parameters on the system performance. In particular, the robust performance in the face of significant fluctuations of the boundary conditions can be ensured through appropriate control strategy.This study eventually led to propose a model for the design of the system that takes into account the most relevant parameters for the control strategy
Ryu, M. S. "Application des mobilités énergétiques au couplage fluide - structure". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780398.
Texto completoRyu, Myong-Sok. "Application des mobilités énergétiques au couplage fluide - structure". Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0065/these.pdf.
Texto completoThe energy mobility method was developed in the medium frequency range, in order to predict the vibratory behavior of structures by frequency bands. In this study, one extend the approach to the case of vibroacoustic coupling between a fluid and a strcuture. The acoustic mobility for the fluid medium as well as the structural mobility for the structure are studied. The coupling surface is meshed in patches in order to reduce the problem to point energy mobilities. A numerical simulation was carried out in the case of a plate coupled with a parallepipedic cavity, where the influence of the number of patches and of the damping of the subsystems are studied. The kinetic energy of the plate, the power transmitted to the acoustic medium and the radiation efficiency of the structure are calculated and compared with a reference caculation (modal method) and with expreimental results. The criteria of meshing (size of patch compared to the wavelengths of the structure and the acoustic fluid) are determined before and after the critical frequency, to ensure a correct modeling of the coupling in a given frequency band. In order to take account of a structure complicated to model, a mixed calculation (use of measured mechanical mobilities and calculated acoustic mobilities) are also presented
Troadec, Jean-Denis. "Regulation du couplage stimulus-secretion par l'atp extracellulaire dans la neurohypophyse de rat". Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE5230.
Texto completoDaunay, Bruno. "Couplage haptique pour des applications de docking moléculaire". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066324.
Texto completoTran, Ngoc Phuong Nguyen. "Couplage calcium intracellulaire - vasoréactivité : contrôle du métabolisme énergétique musculaire et rôle modulateur de l'endothélium". Université de Nancy I. UFR Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10337.
Texto completoSaheb, Yamina. "Interaction énergétique bâtiment-équipement : expérimentation et modélisation". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30191.
Texto completoBouazizi, Abdelaziz. "Optimisation du couplage énergétique entre les micro-ondes et les composites époxy-noir de carbone". Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT005G.
Texto completoDiguet, Nicolas. "Couplage de l’expression des gènes du cytosquelette et du métabolisme énergétique par le Facteur de Réponse au Sérum (SRF) : implications dans la cardiomyopathie dilatée". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066743.
Texto completoHabart, Emilie. "Couplage entre le gaz et les grains dans le milieu interstellaire". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077201.
Texto completoNogueira, Véronique. "Régulation de l'oxydation phosphorylante : importance physiologique de la modulation du couplage entre oxydation et phosphorylation". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077105.
Texto completoBigot, Dimitri. "Contribution à l'étude du couplage énergétique enveloppe / système dans le cas de parois complexes photovoltaïques (PC - PV)". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766755.
Texto completoRoussel, Damien. "Contrôle du couplage énergétique mitochondrial par les acides gras : implication dans la thermogenèse sans frisson musculaire aviaire". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10044.
Texto completoBigot, Dimitri. "Contribution à l’étude du couplage énergétique enveloppe / système dans le cas de parois complexes photovoltaïques (PC - PV)". Thesis, La Réunion, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LARE0024/document.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a thermal and electrical modelling of PV walls integrated to buildings. The particularity of this model is that the heat transfer that occurs through the panel to the building is described so that both building and PV thermal modelling are fully coupled. This has the advantage of allowing the prediction of the impact of PV installation on the building temperature field and also the comfort inside it. The aim of this study is to show the impact of the PV panels in terms of level of insulation or solar protection for the building. Moreover, the study has been conducted in La Reunion Island, where the climate is tropical and humid, with a strong solar radiation. In such conditions, it is important to minimise the thermal load through the roof of the building. The thermal model is integrated in a building simulation code and is able to predict the thermal impact of PV panels installed on buildings in several configurations and also their production of electricity. Finally, the experimental study is used to give elements of validation for the numerical model and a sensitivity analysis has been run to put in evidence the governing parameters. It has been shown that the radiative properties of the PV panel have a great impact on the temperature field of the tested building and the determination of these parameters has to be taken with care. Results of sensitivity analysis are used to optimize the PV thermal model using the GenOpt optimization program
Agbli, Kréhi Serge. "Modélisation multiphysique des flux énergétiques d'un couplage photovoltaïque-électrolyseur PEM-pile à combustible PEM en vue d'une application stationnaire". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767882.
Texto completoAgbli, Kréhi Serge. "Modélisation multiphysique des flux énergétiques d’un couplage photovoltaïque-électrolyseur PEM-pile à combustible PEM en vue d’une application stationnaire". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2001/document.
Texto completoA stand alone multi-source system based on the coupling of photovoltaic energy and both a PEM electrolyser and a PEMFC for stationary application is studied. The system gathers photovoltaic array as main energy source, ultracapacitors and batteries packs in order to smooth respectively fast and medium dynamic by supplying the load or by absorbing photovoltaic source overproduction. Because of the necessity of fuel availability, especially for islanding application like this one, a PEM electrolyser is integrated to the system for in situ hydrogen production.The main purpose being modeling and management of the power flows in order to meet the energy requirement without power cut, a graphical modeling tool namely Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) is used because of its analysis and control strengths. Thanks to the modular feature of the EMR, the different models of each energetic entity of the system are performed before their assembling.By using scale effect, the energetic system sizing is performed according to a household power profile. Then, by the help of the multi-level representation, the maximal control structure (MCS) is deduced from the system EMR model. The electrical reference values of the MCS are generated by applying the power balancing method involving the own dynamic of each source into the energy management strategy. Different behavior modes are taken into account. By considering an irradiance profile for one day, the system is simulated highlighting its suitable behaviour. Moreover, the relevance of the introduced coupling between fuzzy logic controller and the power balancing method is pointed out
Orefice, Giovanni. "Description par mobilités énergétiques des échanges vibratoires dans les systèmes couplés". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778515.
Texto completoMartin, Solenne. "La P-glycoprotéine : analyse des différents sites de liaison de ses substrats et de sa fonction de transport". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112106.
Texto completoParte, Yogesh. "Quelques techniques de couplage de modèles et de données". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/789/.
Texto completoCoupling of models and data is the central theme of this work, which has two distinct parts. The first part presents techniques to estimate performance of insulation products and the second part presents a contribution in multidisciplinary optimization. The first part begins by describing limitations of conventional laboratory measurements which do not account for the effect of convection, radiation and phase change on insulation product. The drawback of in situ measurements is that the measured insulation performance strongly depends on meteorological conditions. From the sequences of characteristic meteorological data of the site and in situ measurements, objective is to estimate intrinsic performance of the insulation system. The goal has been achieved using techniques such as neural networks (global assimilation process - GAP), classification technique (predictive clustering - PClust) and using one dimensional heat transfer models (SPEC) describing the complex phenomena present. Numerical results obtained using in situ measurements are shown to be independent of meteorological conditions. In the second part, a new method named DIVE (Disciplinary Interaction Variable Elimination) is introduced. It is shown that DIVE is a generalization of the trust region method and presents number of advantages compared to existing multidisciplinary optimization (MDO) methods: better accuracy in the solution of the state equations, a framework for meta model management. In addition, DIVE method can be considered as a generalization of existing MDO methods
Fontaine, Sébastien. "Rôle des composés énergétiques sur la minéralisation des matières organiques du sol : Conceptualisation, modélisation expérimentales et conséquences". Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0052.
Texto completoGonzalez, Granillo Marcela Alejandra. "La bioénergétique systémique moléculaire des cellules cardiaques : la relation structure-fonction dans la régulation du métabolisme énergétique compartmentalisé". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV078/document.
Texto completoUn élément important de la régulation du métabolisme énergétique des muscles cardiaque et squelettiques est l'interaction des mitochondries avec le cytosquelette. Les mitochondries sont responsables de l'approvisionnement des cellules en énergie, elles sont capables d'ajuster leur activité fonctionnelle en fonction des conditions de stress ou d'autres aspects de la vie. Les mitochondries ont une distribution spécifique selon les tissus. Dans les cardiomyocytes de rats adultes, les mitochondries sont disposées régulièrement dans un entrelacement longitudinal au niveau des bandes A, entre les myofibrilles et dans les limites des sarcomères. En interaction avec le cytosquelette, le sarcomère et le réticulum sarcoplasmique, elles forment des complexes fonctionnels appelés unités énergétiques intracellulaires (ICEUs). Les ICEUs ont des voies spécialisées de transfert d'énergie et de régulation des feedback métaboliques entre les mitochondries et les ATPases, médiée par la CK et l'AK. La structure centrale des ICEUs est l'interactosome mitochondrial (MI) qui confient l'ATP synthasome, la chaîne respiratoire, la créatine kinase mitochondriale et VDAC, qui pourrait être régulé par les tubulines. Le rôle principal du MI est la régulation de la respiration et des flux d'énergie intracellulaires via les réseaux de phosphotransfert. La régulation des ICEUs est liée aux protéines structurales. L'association des mitochondries avec plusieurs protéines du cytosquelette, décrite par plusieurs groupes, a mis en évidence l'importance de la relation structure-fonction dans la régulation métabolique des cardiomyocytes de rats adultes. Pour fournir une meilleure compréhension de ces résultats, le présent travail étudie le mécanisme de contrôle des flux d'énergie et le rôle des relations structure-fonction dans la régulation métabolique de cardiomyocytes de rats adultes. Pour montrer ces associations complexes dans les cellules cardiaques adultes, plusieurs protéines ont été visualisées par microscopie confocale: l'α-actinine et les isoformes des β-tubulines. Pour la première fois, l'existence d'une distribution spécifique des isoformes de β-tubuline dans les cellules cardiaques adultes a été montré. Des mesures respiratoires ont été réalisées pour étudier le rôle des tubulines dans la régulation de la consommation d'oxygène. Ces résultats ont confirmé le rôle déterminant des protéines du cytosquelette -tubulines, α-actinine, plectine, desmine, et autres- pour le maintien de la forme normale des cellules cardiaques, ainsi que de l'arrangement et de la régulation mitochondrial. En outre, la dynamique mitochondriale a été étudiée in vivo et in situ par la transfection de la GFP-α-actinine, ceci permettant la mise en évidence du fait que le phénomène de fusion ne se produit pas aussi souvent qu'on ne le croit pour des cellules cardiaques adultes en bonne santé
Ahmad, Maha. "Nouveaux composants actifs pour la gestion énergétique de l'enveloppe légère des bâtiments. Couplage matériaux à changement de phase, super-isolation, apports solaires". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10167.
Texto completoThe objective of this study is the realization of building components incorporating a Phase Change Material (PCM) cou pied with a Vacuuri Insulation Panel (VIP) (i) to improve thermal inertia of the walls and comfort inside the buildings (ii) to build a light envelope. The study is shared in two parts. The first part deals with the thermal study of walls either experimentally or by numerical simulation in order to choose the panels and the PCMs. The second part concerns the study of two test-ce Ils with super-insulated light wallboards, one of them being equipped with PCM panels. Temperature and heat flux measurements allowed us to characterize the thermal behaviour of the two cells submitted to climatic conditions. A numerical simulation with the TRNSYS software has been carried out. This simulation required the implementation of a new computational module in the software. An excellent agreement was found with the experimental results over a large period of time (severé months) thus demonstrating the validity of the mode!. This study showed that the efficiency of PCM is remarkable with a reduction of the indoor temperature amplitude of approximately 20. C in the test-cell. The PCM structure showed significant heat storage and de-storage. PCM panels developed within the framework of this study seem interesting for future development
Bertin, Aurélien. "Contribution au développement des énergies renouvelables intermittentes en milieu insulaire : étude du couplage photovoltaïque, éolien, et stockage en Guadeloupe". Institut de physique du globe (Paris), 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0602.
Texto completoLe, Touz Nicolas. "Conception et étude d’infrastructures de transports à énergie positive : de la modélisation thermomécanique à l’optimisation de tels systèmes énergétiques". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0038/document.
Texto completoIn the context of the energy transition, with the use of new energies as a priority, we propose to study the energy performance of solar hybrid roads. An exhaustive study of climatic conditions makes it possible to establish the energy gains and losses of these systems, then a numerical model is developed to couple thermal diffusion, hydraulic convection and radiative transfers by the finite element method with the possibility of state changes. This model is implemented in a Matlab core and applied to annual meteorological data for different cities to establish and map energy potential. An analysis of the results with regard to climate makes it possible to highlight a link between this potential and the notion of a unified degree day, adapted from the building's thermal energy, thus allowing the engineer to quickly estimate the energy potential based on climatic data. During winter operation, the objective is to prevent from black ice occurring on the roads. A temperature control strategy based on the adjoint state method is implemented. A climate analysis is again carried out to take humidity into account to determine heating needs. Other frost protection solutions, based on electric heating, were also modelled and subjected to these control strategies in order to highlight the possibility of significant energy savings. These control laws have beengeneralized to problems of property reconstruction in a background and an application combining this thermal approach with an electromagnetism-based approach is proposed
Su, Shaopu. "Modélisation des bandes de cisaillement adiabatique par une approche énergétique variationnelle". Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797178.
Texto completoGastinger, Steven. "Mesure ambulatoire des mouvements thoraciques et abdominaux : développement d'un prototype pour l'estimation de la dépense énergétique". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585127.
Texto completoCherif, Raef. "Caractérisation expérimentale et numérique de la transmission acoustique de structures aéronautique : effets du couplage et de l'excitation". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7551.
Texto completoGonzalez, granillo Marcela alejandra. "La bioénergétique systémique moléculaire des cellules cardiaques : la relation structure-fonction dans la régulation du métabolisme énergétique compartmentalisé". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945688.
Texto completoCharlery, Rudy. "Comportements sous sollicitations tribologiques d'un matériau énergétique : Recherche des conditions de contrôle de la sécurité de fabrication". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0062/document.
Texto completoBy definition, energetic materials can deliver a huge amount of gas and cause different kinds of phenomena, such as: burning, deflagration or detonation. These materials are mainly used in the automotive industry (airbag deployment), military devices (missiles, ammunition) and space launchers (Ariane 5 boosters and pyrotechnic devices). The manufacturing process, although well controlled by the historical “batch” process, presents several challenges when it is transferred to the continuous mixing process, using a twin-screw mixer device. Indeed, this last device induces extreme evolutions of pressure gradients and shearing gradients (reduced air-gap...). Plus, the energetic material is composed of fluid components and different diameters of solid components that can ignite by shearing. Consequently, tribological conditions leading to the ignition of an energetic material, a solid propellant, are studied during its manufacturing in a twin-screw mixer. Unfortunately, because of the industrial confidentiality on solid propellants, the bibliography on the solid propellants tribology is limited. However it appears that too few studies have effectively dealt with the tribological behaviour of this third body. By nature, this last is a composite material; therefore it is necessary to understand internal flows that evolve from tribological stresses. Thus, a coupled approach experimental and numerical is chosen in order to reproduce the mechanical elementary stresses applied by the two first bodies (top of screw thread and bore of the barrel element), and undergone by the third body during its manufacturing in a twin-screw mixer (compression and shearing). This approach consists of the instrumentation of a security test that shears the solid propellant and a discrete element simulation of the tribological triplet (inferior and superior first bodies, and the third body). The distinctive tribological behaviour of this third body appears obvious: different types of component segregations lead to a three superposed layer arrangement of the solid propellant thickness. These segregations come from the creation of internal component flows, specific to the nature and the geometry of the third body components. These flows select the components that remain within the contact area and also establish the tribological conditions that favour the third body ignition (gradient of mobility between solid components, draining of the third body thickness, localization of the efforts applied to the third body…). Ultimately, this study rebuilds the ignition tribological circuit(s) of a solid propellant and offers technical solutions to prevent the materialisation of unfavourable conditions to a safe solid propellant manufacturing in a twin-screw mixer
Merabtine, Abdelatif. "Modélisation Bond Graphs en vue de l'Efficacité Énergétique du Bâtiment". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0121/document.
Texto completoOur works focus on the setting of reliable tools able to analyze the interaction between the building envelope and HVAC systems. The developed approach is based on Bond Graphs methodology, a graphical modeling language which is particularly suitable for energy exchanges. A numerical model gathering, under the same simulation environment, sub-models representing the building envelope, the solar gains, the floor heating, the chilled ceiling and the ventilation system, is developed in order to predict the energy interactions between these sub-systems. The multi-zone building model is developed in order to simulate and analyze the overall building thermal behavior. Then, the solar gains model is also included to predict the solar radiation exchanges in a way close to reality. The model of the heating and cooling system, combining the floor heating and the chilled ceiling, is developed in order to improve the thermal comfort of the building. Afterwards, the ventilation system is modeled in order to represent the air exchange inside the building. The experimental validation is carried out on the tri-generation unit integrated with a thermal solar system (platform ENERBAT). Furthermore, the parametrical study was realized in order to gain a better understanding according to the impact of some factors in the energy performance of the single-family building located in Meurthe-et-Moselle region (France). Optimization of several measures, such as insulation of the building envelope, type of glazing, building orientation and ventilation system, is performed to respond to the requirements of the French thermal standard (RT2012)
Bouyer, Julien. "Modélisation et simulation des microclimats urbains - Étude de l'impact de l'aménagement urbain sur les consommations énergétiques des bâtiments". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426508.
Texto completoTrombini, Marion. "Couplage endommagement-grandes déformations dans une modélisation multi-échelle pour composites particulaires fortement chargés". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0002/document.
Texto completoThis study is devoted to multi-scale modeling of highly-filled particulate composites.This method, the “Morphological Approach” (M.A.), is based on a geometrical and kinematicalschematization which allows the access to both local fields and homogenized response. In order toevaluate the predictive capacities of the M.A. considering a linear elastic behavior for the constituentsand evolution of damage, analysis is performed regarding the ability of the M.A. to accountfor particle size and interaction effects on debonding chronology. For that purpose, simple periodic,random monomodal and bimodal microstructures are considered. The results are consistent withliterature data : debonding of large particles occurs before the one of smaller particles and thehigher the particle volume fraction, the sooner the debonding. Finally, the objective is to operatethe coupling of two non linearities which were separately studied in previous versions of the M.A. :debonding between particles and matrix, and finite strains. The whole analytical background of theapproach is reconsidered in order to define the localization-homogenization problem. The nucleationcriterion is extended to the finite strains context. The final problem, strongly non linear, is numericallysolved through a Newton-Raphson algorithm. The different solving steps (jacobian matrix,coding with Python®) are developed. Progressive evaluations (sound and damage materials) allowthe validation of numerical implementation. Then, size and interaction effects are reproduced infinite strains
Abdelatif, Merabtine. "Modélisation Bond Graphs en vue de l'efficacité énergétique du bâtiment". Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789679.
Texto completoGastinger, Steven. "Mesure ambulatoire des mouvements thoraciques et abdominaux : développement d’un prototype pour l’estimation de la dépense énergétique". Phd thesis, Rennes 2, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00585127/fr/.
Texto completoCurrently physical inactivity is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality. It is comparable with a disease which would be the 10th cause of mortality in the world. In the European countries and in France particularly, physical activity has decreased by approximately 15% these twenty last years. It results from many deaths, many diseases and billions expenses of medical treatment each year. Moreover, numerous studies indicate that regular physical activity prevents metabolic disorders, bringing a decrease in morbidity and mortality associated. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered about the relationship between physical activity (dose) and its health benefits (the response). These reflections are major society issues and justify the interest on the development of new methods to estimate energy expenditure. The aim of this thesis is to propose a new method to estimate energy expenditure. The activities explored are body postures (sitting and standing) and ambulatory activity (walking activity), which represent the major part of energy expenditure in free-living conditions. Thus, our first study showed the interest to use ventilation to estimate energy expenditure during activities of different intensities. Our second study aimed to validate a new device, lightweight, portable and non-invasive able to estimate ventilation from the anteroposterior displacement of the rib cage and abdomen and the axial displacements of the chest wall and the spine. Finally, our third study validates this system as a device able to estimate energy expenditure in resting and exercise conditions
Guyon, Olivier. "Couplage Planification et Ordonnancement: Approche hiérarchique et décomposition". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00514061.
Texto completoSerres, Sébastien. "Etude par RMN ex vivo chez le rat des interactions métaboliques entre neurones et cellules gliales : rôle du lactate dans le couplage entre métabolisme énergétique et activité cérébrale". Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21225.
Texto completoWe studied glucose and lactate metabolism in the rat brain under various depressed states using pentobarbital, αchloralose and morphine. Analysis of brain metabolites labelled after infusion with either [1-13C]glucose + lactate or glucose + [3-13C]lactate showed the link between metabolic and electric activities, brain lactate synthesis in astrocytes, and that the contribution of lactate to neuronal metabolism increases with cerebral activation, in agreement with the assumption of the transfer of lactate from astrocytes to neurons during cerebral activation. Also we studied glucose and acetate metabolism in the rat brain under two different levels of cerebral activity. The labelling analysis of brain metabolites after infusion with either [1-13C]glucose + acetate or glucose + [2-13C]acétate showed that pyruvate recycling observed in brain comes from hepatic metabolism, and evidenced the uncoupling between neuronal and astrocytic oxidative metabolism
Belhora, Fouad. "Couplage multiphysique à l’aide d’électret application à la récupération d’énergie". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0141/document.
Texto completoIn the last decades, direct energy conversion devices for medium and low grades waste heat have received significant attention due to the necessity to develop more energy efficient engineering systems. A great deal of research has in recent years been carried out on harvesting energy using piezoelectric, electrostatic, electromagnetic , and thermoelectric ,transduction, with the aim of harvesting enough energy to enable data transmission. For this purpose, piezoelectric elements have been extensively used in the past; however they present high rigidity and limited mechanical strain abilities as well as delicate manufacturing process for complex shapes, making them unsuitable in many applications. Thus, recent trends in both industrial and research fields have focused on electrostrictive polymers for electromechanical energy conversion. This interest is explained by many advantages such as high productivity, flexibility, and processability. Hence, electrostrictive polymer films are much more suitable for energy harvesting devices requiring high flexibilities, such as systems in smart textiles and mobile or autonomous devices. Electrostrictive polymers can also be obtained in many different shapes and over large surfaces. . In the last years, electrostrictive polymers have been investigated as electroactive materials for energy harvesting. However for scavenging energy a static field is necessary, since this material is isotope, there is no permanent polarization compare to piezoelectric material. A solution for avoid this problem; concern the hybridization of electrostrictive polymer with electret. Finally, the implementation of electrostrictive materials is much simpler for small-scale systems (MEMS). Hence, several studies have analyzed the energy conversion performance of electrostrictive polymers, both in terms of actuation and energy harvesting
Filliard, Bruno. "Étude de la possibilité de récupération de chaleur par voie thermodynamique pour la réhabilitation des maisons individuelles". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005944.
Texto completoKyriakodis, Georgios-Evrystheas. "Development of a coupled simulation tool for urban building energy demand, district energy systems and microclimate modeling". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS028.
Texto completoThis PhD work investigates the complex links between urban physical processes, through the development of coupled simulation platforms to account simultaneously for building energy demand, individual or district energy systems, and urban microclimate. The spatial and temporal scales correspond to urban neighborhoods under explicit geometries, and annual simulations respectively. Several coupling strategies have been evaluated, regarding thermal efficiency indicators, and the determination of the diversity of coupled phenomena. The synchronous coupling schemes can effectively assess the dynamical interactions between buildings and the local microclimate. Nevertheless, the coupling variable is sensitive to the thermal properties of the building. The simplification of the urban canopy layer to a single-node description reveals significant variability in building energy demand. Besides, the developed model has been employed to assess the thermal performance of an urban neighborhood in La Rochelle. The transition from local energy systems to the district energy network eliminates anthropogenic heat from buildings, and improves the outdoor thermal comfort conditions, acting as a local heat island mitigation strategy. However, it is associated with an energy penalty due to the ground losses of the piping circuit. This energy penalty is amplified when a passive mitigation strategy (cool materials) is implemented concurrently
Latry, Olivier. "Théorie des modes locaux dans les guides perturbés application : couplage fibre optique - photodiode PIN". Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUE5001.
Texto completoSarthou, Arthur. "Méthodes de domaines fictifs d'ordre élevé pour les équations elliptiques et de Navier-Stokes. Application au couplage fluide-structure". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460206.
Texto completoFilliard, Bruno. "Étude des possibilités de récupération de chaleur par voie thermodynamique pour la réhabilitation des maisons individuelles". Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENMP1676.
Texto completoAn air-to-air heat pump performs poorly at low ambient temperatures, and its performance decreases in the coldest part of winter when the heating load is greater. Both the COP and the heating capacity of the system decrease as the outdoor temperature decreases. Auxiliary resistance heaters must then be used as back up, reducing the overall performance of the system. Moreover, defrost cycles are necessary in a specific range of outdoor conditions, lowering the heat pump performance. This is of particular interest for electricity utilities, because peak loads generally coincide with the coldest ambient temperatures. Attempts to improve the heat pump efficiency and to reduce the peak-loading problem have led to the coupling of heat pumps with milder temperature air. Different components of a building envelope can contribute to increase the heat pump's heat-source temperature, as for instance sunspaces or attics, and to some extent crawlspaces and earth-to-air heat exchangers. Other sources such as the exhaust air of a ventilation system can be used to preheat the heat pump air-source. This allows the heat pump to operate in more favourable conditions, with a higher efficiency and a higher sink-source temperature adapted to the heat production needed in dwellings retrofit. A global approach is needed to explore the energy potential of such combination and evaluate the relevance of coupling an air-source heat pump with milder air sources from the building environment. Ambient conditions and solar energy both influence the heating load and the air-source temperature that interact directly with the heat pump running conditions and performance. Besides, the heat pump running conditions, and particularly the air flow rate conditions needed at the outdoor unit, interacts directly with the air flow rate of the milder source, influencing the building heating load. The different models of air sources and heat pumps are presented. Then, different coupling configurations are studied in the case of a typical French dwelling, and typical climates
Guerrero, Karen. "Organisation structurale et fonction métabolique des unités énergétiques intracellulaires (ICEUs) dans le muscle cardiaque et squelettique : conditions physiologiques et pathophysiologiques : [Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10244.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to study the regulation of mitochondrial respiration in situ in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. Oxygraphy, spectrophotometry and confocal microscopy on saponin-permeabilized muscle cells or fibers were used as well as mathematic modelisation. In muscle cells, mitochondria are ordered very precisely in ‘a crystal like pattern'. This intracellular arrangement could be the basis of a structural and functional organisation within which mitochondria are functionally coupled by cytoskeleton to the other organelles: sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils: ICEUs (intracellular energetic units). In cardiac cells, there are two levels of regulation of mitochondrial respiration by exogenous ADP: permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane (VDAC) and localized restrictions of ADP diffusion in the neighbourhood of mitochondria. β-tubulin and STOP protein, a microtubule-associated protein, participate indirectly to these mechanisms of regulation. These experimental data are useful for explaining the metabolic aspects of the Frank-Starling law of the heart. The notion of ICEU can be diagnostically used in clinical study of energetic metabolism of lung recipients transplants before and after a home-interval training program
Maxit, Laurent. "Extension et reformulation du modèle SEA par la prise en compte de la répartition des énergies modales". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777764.
Texto completoShirizadeh, Ghezeljeh Behrang. "Reaching carbon neutrality in France by 2050 : optimal choice of energy sources, carriers and storage options". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0013.
Texto completoTo stay in line with 1.5°C of global warming, the French government has adopted the target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The main greenhouse gas being carbon dioxide, and the majority of its emissions being due to energy combustion, this dissertation focuses on reaching carbon-neutrality in French energy-related CO2 emissions by 2050. This thesis dissertation aims to study the relative role of different low-carbon mitigation options in the energy sector in reaching carbon-neutrality. More precisely, this thesis first studies the French power sector, first in a fully renewable power system, and second in a power system containing other mitigation options i.e. nuclear energy and carbon capture and storage. I study the impact of uncertainties related to cost development of renewables and storage options and address the robustness of a fully renewable power system to cost uncertainties. Later, adding other low-carbon mitigation options in the power sector, I analyze the relative role of different low-carbon options. Similarly, to incentivize the investments in variable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, I study the investment risk related to the price and volume volatility of renewable electricity technologies, and the performance of different public policy support schemes. The analysis in this thesis goes beyond the electricity system and it also considers the whole energy system in the presence of sector-coupling. During this thesis, I have developed a family of models optimizing dispatch and investment to answer different questions regarding the French energy transition. These models minimize the cost of the considered system (electricity system or the whole energy system) by satisfying the supply/demand equilibrium at each hour over at least one year, respecting the main technical and operational, resource related and land-use constraints. Thus, both short-term and long-term variability of renewable energy sources are taken into account. Using these models, I address the questions raised above. These models are not used to find a single optimal solution, but several optimal solutions depending on different weather, cost, energy demand and technology availability scenarios. Therefore, the importance of robustness to the uncertainties is at the center of the used methodology beside optimality. The findings of my thesis show that renewable energy supply sources are the main enablers of reaching carbon neutrality in a cost-effective way, no matter the considered energy system; either only electricity or the whole energy system. While the elimination of nuclear power barely increases the cost of a carbon-neutral energy system, the elimination of renewables is associated with high inefficiencies both from the cost and emission points of view. In fact, if renewable gas is not available, even a social cost of carbon of €500/tCO2 will not be enough to reach carbon-neutrality. This is partially due to the negative emissions that it can provide once combined with carbon capture and storage, and partially due to the cost-optimality of renewable gas-fired internal combustion engines in reaching carbon-neutrality in the transport sector. This dissertation has several important policy-related messages; however, the central one is that reaching carbon-neutrality for the lowest cost requires a highly renewable energy system. Therefore, if we are to prioritize investment in low-carbon options, renewable gas and electricity technologies are of the highest importance
Bidart, Damien. "Commande Coopérative des Systèmes Monoconvertisseurs Multimachines Synchrones". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662181.
Texto completoChen, Bao. "Study of an ettringite-based thermochemical energy storage for buildings". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI056.
Texto completoThe high energy demands for space heating and domestic hot water in buildings, character-ized by peaks in consumption at the beginning and end of the day as well as in winter, repre-sent a major challenge in terms of the use of renewable energies. A system of thermochemical energy storage (TCES), one of the most promising accessible technologies, could store different types of energies as chemical potential without energy dissipation. As a recently studied TCES material, ettringite is suitable for large scale use due to its no-toxicity, low material cost, and high energy density at lowing operating temperature. The first objective of this thesis was to study the physicochemical properties of ettringite and the reaction mechanisms during the hydration (formation of ettringite) and dehydration (formation of meta-ettringite) processes. The knowledge obtained on the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics (Dehydration: Ett30.6 → Ett30 → Met12 → Met6; Hydration: Met7.4 → Met12 →24-hydrate → higher hydrates) allows better use of ettringite for heat storage/release (under different isothermal and isobaric conditions). After having studied the properties of pure ettringite, three different cementitious binders that are industrially producible were used to test different ettringite contents but also mixtures of particular hydrated phases. The work carried out made it possible to study the carbonation mechanisms of these different ettringite materials and to deduce some relevant information as to their durability in terms of their use in TCES. Finally, the ettringite-based material most resistant to the carbonation phenomenon has been characterized by different analysis techniques in order to better control the influence of ther-mo-physical parameters on its energy performance. This material was then incorporated into a fixed bed reactor in the form of a 56 mm high porous bed composed of granules (1–2 mm in diameter). The energy charging / discharging process carried out to study the reversibility of ettringite / meta-ettringite under various experimental conditions. The reactor tests then showed that a maximum instantaneous power of 915 W per kg of initial hydrated material and an energy-releasing density of 176 kWh/m3. These results will be very useful in designing a future prototype (in scale 1:1) containing ettringite materials for a heating system in buildings
Bouery, Charbel. "Contribution au développement de stratégies algorithmiques pour la résolution de problèmes thermo-mécaniques couplés par une approche énergétique variationnelle". Phd thesis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827159.
Texto completoGlowe, Jean-François. "Dynamique des photoexcitations de nanostructures supramoléculaires d'oligothiophènes". Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8051.
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