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1
Helleman, Amanda. "The Cortisol Awakening Response In Children and Adolescents with a Parental History of Anxiety". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34402.
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Objective: The current study used a high risk design to investigate whether the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) is a potential heritable trait marker of anxiety disorder risk. Method: The sample consisted of 274 healthy offspring (7-18 years old) including 101 offspring with a parental history of panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or social anxiety disorder (SAD) and 173 offspring with no parental psychopathology. Salivary cortisol was collected at wake-up, 30, and 60 minutes later, as well as at 4pm and 8pm on two consecutive days. The CAR was calculated using area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) and increase (AUCi). Correlation analyses of covariates were conducted. Results: No differences between high and low risk groups were detected when the combined sample of high risk offspring was examined. However, when anxiety disorder subtypes were considered, offspring with parental GAD or SAD had a significantly lower CAR and diurnal cortisol response than those with no parental psychopathology. No differences in the CAR or diurnal cortisol were found in offspring with parental PD. Age and puberty status correlated negatively with AUCg and awakening values and anxiety sensitivity correlated positively with AUCg and awakening values. Conclusions: A blunted CAR and diurnal cortisol response may represent a possible heritable risk marker that is specific to GAD or SAD. Further research is needed to confirm these findings. Study results may have important implications in identifying children at risk for anxiety disorders and creating early interventions intended to change the trajectory of risk.
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Pira, Shamira. "The association between the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and neurocognitive impairments in first episode psychosis patients and ultra high-risk individuals". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116933.
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Background: Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been observed in psychotic disorders. Abnormal levels of the HPA axis hormone, cortisol, are associated with various cognitive processes and cognitive deficits are a key feature of psychosis. The cortisol awakening response (CAR) has been shown to be abnormal in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients but has not been explored in individuals at ultra high-risk (UHR) for developing psychosis. Objectives: The objectives of the following set of studies were to examine the relationship between the CAR and cognitive function in FEP patients and in UHR individuals. In addition, based on established sex differences in both HPA axis activity and psychosis, the effect of sex on this relationship was also explored. Methods: Eighty-two FEP patients, 28 individuals at UHR for psychosis, and 31 community controls were recruited to participate in the two studies. Saliva samples were collected to assess the CAR and a neuropsychological battery was administered to determine performance on six cognitive domains. From these, a global cognition score was also calculated. Results: FEP patients, but not UHR individuals, had a blunted CAR compared to controls and male FEP patients had a more blunted CAR than female FEP patients. A more blunted CAR was associated with a more severe deficit in verbal memory and a lower global cognition score only in female FEP patients. Conclusion: The results suggest that although UHR individuals show deficits in certain cognitive domains, the CAR remains in tact, and there is no association between the two. However, a blunted CAR plays a role in cognitive function for female FEP patients. This may have implications for time and gender specific interventions aimed at stabilizing HPA axis activity.Contexte: La dérégulation de l'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien (HHS) a été observée dans les troubles psychotiques. Des niveaux anormaux de cortisol, une des hormones de l'axe HHS, sont associés à divers processus cognitifs et les déficits cognitifs sont un élément clé de la psychose. Des études démontrent que la sécrétion de cortisol au réveil (SCR) est anormale dans le premier épisode psychotique (PEP) des patients, mais n'a pas été explorée chez les personnes à très haut risque (THR) de déveloper une épisode de psychose. Objectifs: Les objectifs de ces diverses études étaient d'examiner la relation entre la SCR et la fonction cognitive chez les patients PEP et chez les personnes THR. En dépit des différences de sexe connues sur l'axe HPA et la psychose, l'effet du sexe sur cette relation n'a pas été étudié. Méthodes: Quatre-vingt-deux patients PEP, 28 individus à THR pour la psychose, et 31 contrôles communautaires ont été recrutés pour participer dans les deux études. Des échantillons de salive ont été prélevés pour évaluer la SCR et une batterie de tests neuropsychologiques a été administrée pour déterminer les performances sur six domaines cognitifs. De ceux-ci, un résultat cognitif global a également été calculé. Résultats: Les patients PEP, mais pas les individus THR, avaient une SCR atténuée par rapport aux témoins contrôles et les patients masculins PEP avait une SCR plus atténuée que les patients PEP féminin. Une SCR plus atténuée a été associée à un déficit plus sévère de la mémoire verbale et un résultat inférieur de la cognition globale uniquement chez les patients PEP féminins. Conclusion: Bien que les individus THR présentent des déficits dans certains domaines cognitifs, les résultats montrent que la SCR reste intacte et qu'il n'y a aucun lien entre les deux. Toutefois, une SCR atténuée joue un rôle dans la fonction cognitive chez les patients PEP féminins. Cela peut avoir des implications pour les interventions spécifiques au sexe et au temps visant à stabiliser l'activité de l'axe HHS.
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Koro, Catalin. "Mätningar av kortisolkoncentrationen i saliv under två perioder där stressfaktorn upplevs variera. : Analys av kortisolkoncentrationen och intraindividuell stabilitet inom cortisol awakening response (CAR)". Thesis, Halmstad University, Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4694.
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Version:1.0 StartHTML:0000000178 EndHTML:0000005278 StartFragment:0000002640 EndFragment:0000005242 SourceURL:file://localhost/Volumes/NAMNLOS/Examensarbete%20kortisol.doc
Föreliggande studie syftar till att försöka utläsa skillnader mellan två olika perioder då den personliga stressfaktorn upplevs vara olika intensiv. Undersökningen syftar även till att studera huruvida den mänskliga kortisolutsöndringens diurnala upp - och ned gångar följer en intraindividuell stabilitet av CAR (cortisol awakening responce). Detta skulle innebära ett upprepande mönster av kortisolkoncentrationens magnitud och mätvärde inom varje individ från dag till dag, vid uppvaknandet och 30 minuter efter.
Undersökningen har genomförts som en pilotstudie där en försökspersons kortisolkoncentration i saliv har mätts genom enzymkopplad immunabsorberande analys (ELISA). För att jämföra mätserierna inom de olika perioderna med varandra har även en variationsanalys av typen Analysis of variance (ANOVA) utförts med hjälp av programvaran SPSS. Då provernas mätvärde har analyserats och jämförts med varandra har ett resultat kunnat fastställas.
Eftersom utsöndringen av den individuella kortisolkoncentrationen lätt påverkas av omgivningsfaktorer användes endast en försöksperson, författaren, vilket underlättade en detaljerad analys där observation av påverkande faktorer lätt kunde tas med i beräkningen för att fastställa ett tillförlitligt resultat. Försökspersonen, kvinna 21 år, utförde 6 provtagningar under två perioder som upplevdes ha olika hög stressfaktor. Perioderna innehöll två arbetsdagar. Parallellt med provtagningen fördes noggranna dagboksanteckningar för att underlätta analyseringsarbetet.
Resultatet uppvisar en intraindividuell stabilitet av CAR hos försökspersonen. Studien visar även en skillnad mellan de två perioderna genom en högre procentuell ökning av CAR under den period då stressfaktorn upplevdes som mer intensiv.
Den tydliga skillnaden av kortisolkoncentrationens mätvärde mellan de olika dagarna indikerar även att livsstil, fysisk aktivitet och drömmar kan påverka utseendet av kortisolkoncentrationskurvans diurnala upp – och nedgångar.
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Schmidt, Anne-Marthe Karoline [Verfasser]. "Zur Prädiktion der Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) durch subjektive und objektive Schlafparameter bei depressiven Patienten und gesunden Kontrollen / Anne-Marthe Karoline Schmidt". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230476350/34.
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Kern, Simone, Ivonne Krause, Antje Horntrich, Katja Thomas, Julia Aderhold y Tjalf Ziemssen. "Cortisol Awakening Response Is Linked to Disease Course and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127110.
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Objectives: Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has frequently been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). So far, HPA axis function in MS has predominantly been studied under pharmacological stimulation which is associated with a series of methodological caveats. Knowledge of circadian cortisol patterns and cortisol awakening response (CAR) is still limited.
Methods: A total of 77 MS patients (55 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)/22 secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)) as well as 34 healthy control (HC) subjects were enrolled. Diurnal cortisol release was assessed by repeated salivary cortisol sampling. Neurological disability was rated by the Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were assessed by self-report measures.
Results: RRMS but not SPMS patients differed in circadian cortisol release from HC subjects. Differences in cortisol release were restricted to CAR. Treated and treatment naïve RRMS patients did not differ in CAR. In a RRMS follow-up cohort (nine months follow-up), RRMS patients with EDSS progression (≥0.5) expressed a significantly greater CAR compared to HC subjects. RRMS patients with a stable EDSS did not differ from HC subjects. Neither depressive symptoms nor perceived stress ratings were associated with CAR in RRMS patients. In a step-wise regression analysis, EDSS at baseline and CAR were predictive of EDSS at follow-up (R2 = 67%) for RRMS patients.
Conclusions: Circadian cortisol release, in particular CAR, shows a course specific pattern with most pronounced release in RRMS. There is also some evidence for greater CAR in RRMS patients with EDSS progression. As a consequence, CAR might be of predictive value in terms of neurological disability in RRMS patients. The possible role of neuroendocrine-immune interactions in MS pathogenesis is further discussed.
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Kern, Simone, Ivonne Krause, Antje Horntrich, Katja Thomas, Julia Aderhold y Tjalf Ziemssen. "Cortisol Awakening Response Is Linked to Disease Course and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis". Public Library of Science, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27278.
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Objectives: Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has frequently been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). So far, HPA axis function in MS has predominantly been studied under pharmacological stimulation which is associated with a series of methodological caveats. Knowledge of circadian cortisol patterns and cortisol awakening response (CAR) is still limited.
Methods: A total of 77 MS patients (55 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)/22 secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)) as well as 34 healthy control (HC) subjects were enrolled. Diurnal cortisol release was assessed by repeated salivary cortisol sampling. Neurological disability was rated by the Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were assessed by self-report measures.
Results: RRMS but not SPMS patients differed in circadian cortisol release from HC subjects. Differences in cortisol release were restricted to CAR. Treated and treatment naïve RRMS patients did not differ in CAR. In a RRMS follow-up cohort (nine months follow-up), RRMS patients with EDSS progression (≥0.5) expressed a significantly greater CAR compared to HC subjects. RRMS patients with a stable EDSS did not differ from HC subjects. Neither depressive symptoms nor perceived stress ratings were associated with CAR in RRMS patients. In a step-wise regression analysis, EDSS at baseline and CAR were predictive of EDSS at follow-up (R2 = 67%) for RRMS patients.
Conclusions: Circadian cortisol release, in particular CAR, shows a course specific pattern with most pronounced release in RRMS. There is also some evidence for greater CAR in RRMS patients with EDSS progression. As a consequence, CAR might be of predictive value in terms of neurological disability in RRMS patients. The possible role of neuroendocrine-immune interactions in MS pathogenesis is further discussed.
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Thorn, Lisa. "The awakening cortisol response : methodological considerations and relationships with state and trait psychosocial variables". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441074.
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Stalder, Tobias. "The cortisol awakening response intra- individual associations with sleep-related and state psychosocial and anticipatory variables". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507839.
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Campbell, Thomas George. "Ambulatory physiological assessment : an ergonomic approach to the dynamic work environment and temporal variability in heart rate variability, blood pressure and the cortisol awakening response". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2014. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/452967.
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Aim: The aim of this thesis was to investigate the psychophysiological response to the dynamic working environment within a cohort of higher education employees via ambulatory assessment of psychosocial and physiological measures. Methods: Data was collected from two observational studies. Study one employed a cross-sectional design to investigate relationships between work-related psychosocial hazard, work-time heart rate variability, blood pressure, and the cortisol awakening response. Consideration was given to occupation type and acute work-related demand. Study two, a single-subject case study, employed an experience sampling methodology to peform a 24 hour assessment over 21 days. Workload, affect and demand were sampled during working hours, while heart rate variability and physical activity were continually sampled (24 hours), with salivary cortisol, being sampled at 3 time points during the awakening period. This study also investigated some of the methodological issues associated with ambulatory assessment of both heart rate variability and the cortisol awakening response. Findings: Chronic work-related demand was found to be positively associated with sympathetic dominance of the autonomic nervous system. Acute work-related demand was associated with ambulatory heart rate variability during work time and evening time whilst the rise in salivary free cortisol over the immediate post awakening period varies according to acute anticipatory demand and prior day's workload. Substantial intra--individual variation in both the cortisol awakening response and ambulatory heart variability was found to occur across work-days. Work time activity levels accounted for little of the variation in ambulatory heart rate variability and blood pressure. The cortisol awakening response was associated with both heart rate variability and nocturnal movement in the latter stage of sleep. Conclusion: Attending to the psychophysiological response to work at the individual level by means of ambulatory assessment appears to provide a useful means of assessing the balance between employee and environment. This could have significant implications for work design, employee selection and targeting of workplace interventions.
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Hedborg, Kerstin. "Migraine and Stress : An Internet administered Multimodal Behavioral Treatment Intervention". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medicin, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158079.
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Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder with high prevalence, the clinical manifestations of which are highly dependent on stress. The overall theme of the present thesis was to address aspects of stress in migraine. A multimodal behavioral treatment (MBT) program was developed specifically designed for migraine and focusing on stress as a trigger and an intervention was performed using this Internet-administered program. Migraine symptoms were followed via an Internet administered diary and questionnaires were answered at regular intervals during the 11-month study period. The thesis is based on four papers: In Paper I, life events and current stress, personality traits, and gender were studied cross-sectionally in 106 women and 44 men with migraine, who suffered at least two attacks a month at inclusion. Paper II describes a randomized controlled trial of the MBT program performed on 58 women and 25 men recruited from participants of the study described in Paper I. In the MBT study participants were randomized into one control group and two MBT groups, one of which received hand massage as part of the treatment. In Paper III, complete migraine drug use and changes in use and in drug efficacy during the MBT program were studied. In Paper IV, the salivary cortisol levels of MBT participants were evaluated as a biological stress marker. The MBT program proved effective in decreasing migraine headache; it was feasible and there was low attrition. Moreover, MBT resulted in decreased migraine drug use and increased drug efficacy, but had no discernible effects on salivary cortisol profiles. No effect of hand massage on migraine headache frequency was seen. Personality trait profiling revealed high scores for the neuroticism factor. Stress susceptibility was the single most aberrant personality trait and correlated highly with the reported level of current stress and with experienced negative life events. Gender differences included higher scores for women on trait anxiety, negative life events, depressive mood, anxiety, tension type headache, use of triptans, and efficacy of analgesics, whereas men displayed higher use of analgesics. In conclusion, the efficacy and low attrition associated with the present MBT program appears promising and timely with regard to the development of better and more accessible migraine treatment. Stress susceptibility, gender, negative life events and psychosomatic comorbidity are important factors to consider in relation to the care of persons with migraine.
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Hellgren, Charlotte. "Physiological Stress Reactivity in Late Pregnancy". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Obstetrik & gynekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-197441.
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During pregnancy, the basal activity is increased in both of our major stress response systems: the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. At the same time, the reactivity towards stressors is reduced. These alterations sustain maternal and fetal homeostasis, and are involved in the regulation of gestational length. Although the feto-placental hormone synthesis produces the main endocrinological changes, also the central nervous system undergoes adaptation. Together, these profound adjustments have been suggested to make women’s mental health more vulnerable during pregnancy and postpartum period. The aim of this thesis was to examine factors connected to physiological stress responses during the late pregnancy in relation to pain, labour onset, emotional reactivity, and mental health. The first study examined the pain and sympathetic response during cold stress, in relation to time to delivery. Women with fewer days to spontaneous delivery had lower sympathetic reactivity, while no pain measure was associated with time to delivery. In the second study, acoustic startle response modulation was employed to study emotional reactivity during late gestation, and at four to six weeks postpartum. The startle response was measured by eye-blink electromyography, while the participants watched pleasant and unpleasant pictures, and positive and negative anticipation stimuli. A significant reduction in startle modulation by anticipation was found during the postpartum assessment. However, no startle modulation by pleasant, or unpleasant, pictures was detected at either time-point. The serum level of allopregnanolone, a neurosteroid implied in pregnancy-induced hyporeactivity, was analysed in relation to self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. Although the participants reported low levels of depression, the women with the highest depression scores had significantly lower levels of serum allopregnanolone. There was no correlation between allopregnanolone and anxiety scores. In the fourth study, the cortisol awakening response was compared between women with depression during pregnancy, women with depression prior to pregnancy, and women who had never suffered from depression. No group differences in cortisol awakening response during late pregnancy were found. The results are in line with the previously described pregnancy-induced hyporesponsiveness, and add to the knowledge on maternal stress hyporeactivity, gestational length, and maternal mental health.
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Liu, Keke 1988. "Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms During Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study of The Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Dysfunction". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849771/.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-related disorder that may develop in response to traumatic or stressful events. Dysfunction of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the disorder. Studies support such dysfunction as being a consequence of PTSD, rather than a precursor. However, most studies of the HPA are either cross-sectional or have been carried out in adults. The aim of the present study was to identify whether HPA dysregulation interacts with stressful experiences to increase the likelihood of developing PTSD symptoms in a community-recruited sample of healthy adolescent girls. Adolescent girls (N = 550) and one of their parents participated. Adolescents’ clinical symptoms were assessed at baseline and at a nine month follow-up. Saliva samples were collected from all adolescent participants at waking, 30 minutes after waking, and 8 pm on 3 consecutive days. Flattened diurnal slope of cortisol at baseline was associated with increased PTSD symptoms nine months later. Baseline cortisol awakening response (CAR) per se was not prospectively related to developing PTSD symptoms, but its interactions with stressful experience was associated with elevated PTSD symptoms at follow-up. Effects were small and need to be replicated in samples with more severe stressors, as well as more clinical levels of PTSD. Nevertheless, findings suggest that dysregulated basal HPA functioning may be involved in the development of PTSD symptoms.
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Rezende, Marcos Gonçalves de. "Alteração do funcionamento do eixo HHA na depressão pós-parto e correlações com polimorfismos do gene do CRHR1 e com a neuroquímica do giro do cíngulo anterior". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17148/tde-21072016-154030/.
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A depressão pós-parto (DPP) tem sido associada com alterações no funcionamento do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HHA), mas pouco se sabe do envolvimento de estruturas cerebrais, ou outros mecanismos subjacentes a estas alterações. Uma hipótese fundamental é que o estresse inerente ao período puerperal, vulnerabilidade individual e, principalmente, as alterações hormonais decorrentes do final da gravidez desempenham um importante papel causal nas alterações do eixo HHA e na incidência da DPP. Estudos sobre o transtorno depressivo maior mostram que alterações funcionais em áreas cerebrais como o giro do cíngulo anterior (GCA) estão relacionadas com humor deprimido, e outros pesquisadores investigaram a relação entre a neuroquímica do GCA e a atividade do eixo HHA. Pesquisas sobre genes de interesse do eixo HHA também têm reportado associações entre polimorfismos nestes genes e alterações nos níveis de cortisol. O presente trabalho testou a hipótese de que mulheres deprimidas no puerpério remoto apresentariam atenuação no funcionamento do eixo HHA, medido pelos níveis de cortisol em 30 minutos após o despertar (CAR) e ao longo da variação diurna (VD); e também que polimorfismos em um gene do eixo HHA, o gene promotor do receptor do tipo 1 do hormônio liberador de corticotrofina (CRHR1), estariam associados com sintomas depressivos no puerpério para prever os níveis de cortisol; e finalmente que as alterações verificadas no funcionamento do eixo HHA de puérperas deprimidas teriam relação com a neuroquímica do GCA. Os resultados indicaram que (1) ao redor do sexto mês após o parto, o CAR e a VD estavam atenuados em puérperas deprimidas comparadas com puérperas eutímicas, e com controles saudáveis não-puérperas; (2) os metabólitos presentes no GCA tinham correlação com as medidas do eixo HHA nas puérperas deprimidas; e (3) a presença de sintomas depressivos em associação com polimorfismos do CRHR1 previram alterações nos níveis de cortisol. No geral, estes resultados sugerem que as alterações do eixo HHA de puérperas deprimidas no puerpério tardio estão associadas com fatores genéticos e com a neuroquímica funcional do GCAPostpartum depression (PPD) has been associated with changes in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, but little is known about the involvement of brain structures, or other mechanisms underlying these changes. A key assumption is that stress inherent to the puerperal period, individual vulnerability, and especially the hormonal changes resulting from the end of pregnancy play an important causal role in the alterations of the HPA axis and in the incidence of PPD. Studies on major depressive disorder show that functional changes in brain areas, such as the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), are related to depressed mood, and other researchers investigated the relation between the neurochemistry of the ACG and the activity of the HPA axis. Research on the HPA axis genes of interest have also reported associations between polymorphisms in these genes and changes in cortisol levels. The present study tested the hypothesis that depressed women in the remote postpartum period would show attenuation in the functioning of the HPA axis, measured by cortisol levels 30 minutes after awakening (cortisol awakening response, CAR) and by diurnal variation (DV) throughout the day; and also that polymorphisms in a gene of the HPA axis, the promoter gene of the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor type 1 (CRH-R1), would present association with depressive symptoms in the postpartum period to predict the levels of cortisol; and finally that the changes in the functioning of the HPA axis of postpartum depressed women have a relationship with the neurochemistry of the ACG. Results indicated that (1) around the sixth month after delivery, CAR and DV were attenuated in depressed postpartum women compared with euthymic postpartum women and with non-postpartum healthy control women; (2) metabolites present in the ACG showed correlation with measures of the HPA axis in depressed postpartum women; and (3) the presence of depressive symptoms in association with CRHR1 polymorphisms predicted changes in cortisol levels. Overall, these results suggest that changes in the functioning of the HPA axis of depressed postpartum women in the remote postpartum period are associated with genetic factors and with the functional neurochemistry of the ACG
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Gómez, Miguel Mauricio Díaz. "Dinâmica de Marcadores Salivares de Atividade Autônoma e Adrenocortical em Resposta à Competição de Elite". Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2011. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15843.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCHAPTER 2: This study examined the variation in the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in relation to mood states and performance during professional swimming competition. Eleven athletes were examined during two consecutive days of competition. On each day salivary cortisol was determined upon awakening, 30 and 60 min post awakening, immediately before warming up for competition and 5, 20 and 60 min after competition. Psychometric instruments included the Profile of Mood States and self-reports of performance. CARs did not differ between competition and non-competition days and were not related to performance on any day. However, difference was observed in the concentration of cortisol prior to and after the contest between competition and non-competition days. Perceived demands of the day ahead might not reflect the same magnitude of variation in the CAR in well-trained men. Explanations for this include better coping mechanisms and response towards the phase and time of competition. CHAPTER 3: Objective: We investigated the response of salivary total protein (TP), alpha-amylase (sAA) and chromogranin A (CgA) to sporting competition and their relation with positive and negative affect. Methods: Eleven professional swimmers were examined during the first day of a national contest and on a recreated event that matched time-of-the-day and day-of-theweek assessments two weeks later. Total protein was determined by the Bradford method and sAA and CgA by western blotting upon awakening, 30 and 60 min post awakening, immediately before warming up for competition and 5, 20 and 60 min after competition. Psychometric instruments included the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule - X (PANAS-X). Results: The concentrations of TP, sAA and CgA differed from controls only prior to and 5 min after the event. We observed associations between higher negative affect scores with higher levels of TP, sAA and CgA prior to the event on the competition day. Areas under the curve did not differ from controls for TP, sAA or CgA. Conclusion: TP and CgA showed a similar reactivity to sporting competition than sAA, which may be attributed to the mechanisms responsible for protein secretion into saliva when collection is performed with no exogenous stimulation. Strong adverse psychological stimuli only seem to override the regular rhythm of salivary proteins moments before and after stressful situations.
CAPÍTULO 2: O presente estudo investigou a variação da resposta do cortisol ao acordar (CAR) em relação com estados de humor e desempenho durante uma competição de natação profissional. Onze atletas foram examinados durantes dois dias consecutivos de competição. Em cada dia, a concentração de cortisol salivar foi determinada ao acordar, 30 e 60 minutos após acordar, imediatamente antes de aquecer para a competição e 5, 20 e 40 minutos depois da competição. O Perfil de Estados de Humor e reportes próprios de desempenho foram incluídos como instrumentos psicométricos. A CAR não foi diferente entre os dias de competição e controle e não houve relação com o desempenho em nenhum dos dois dias. No entanto, houve diferença antes de e após o evento entre os dias de competição e controle. A percepção de um desafio que irá acontecer durante o dia não necessariamente reflete a mesma magnitude de variação na CAR em sujeitos bem treinados. Isto pode ser devido a melhores mecanismos para lidar com o estresse e a fase e hora da competição em que os sujeitos foram avaliados. CAPÍTULO 3: O presente estudo investigou a resposta de proteína total na saliva (TP) alfaamilase (sAA) e cromogranina A (CgA) à competição esportiva e sua relação com estados de humor. Onze atletas profissionais foram examinados durante o primeiro dia de um evento nacional em natação e durante um evento simulado num dia de treinamento no mesmo dia da semana e no mesmo horário que a competição real. A concentração de TP foi determinada pelo método de Bradford e a de sAA e CgA por western blotting ao acordar, 30 e 60 minutos depois, imediatamente antes de aquecer para o evento e 5, 20 e 40 minutos depois do mesmo. A escala de estado de humor PANAS-X (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule) foi incluída como instrumento psicométrico. A concentração de TP, sAA e CgA foi diferente dos dias de controle unicamente antes e 5 minutos após a competição. Não houve diferença na área sob a curva do perfil diurno de cada marcador entre os dias de competição e controle. TP e CgA tiveram uma resposta similar à competição do que sAA. Isto pode ser atribuído aos mecanismos de secreção de proteína na saliva quando a coleta da mesma é feita sem estimulação exógena. Estímulos psicológicos adversos parecem alterar o ritmo regular de secreção destes marcadores só momentos prévios e posteriores a situações estressantes.
Mestre em Genética e Bioquímica
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Walsh, Anthony. "Negative affect mediates the relationship between the Cortisol Awakening Response and Conduct Problems in boys". Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3604.
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Ce mémoire débute avec deux chapitres portant sur les problèmes des conduites et la régulation du stress, notamment sur l’axe hypothalamique-pituitaire-surrénal (HPS). Ensuite, la littérature est résumée et nous voyons que les études qui cherchent à établir un lien entre les problèmes des conduites et l’axe HPS ont trouvé des résultats différents et parfois contradictoires. Le chapitre suivant illustre les problèmes méthodologiques qui pourraient expliquer ces résultats différents. Vient ensuite l’étude présentée dans ce mémoire qui cherche à établir un lien entre la réponse cortisolaire à l’éveil (RCE), considérée comme un bon indice du fonctionnent de l’axe HPS, et les problèmes de conduites chez l’enfant. De plus, les émotions négatives ont été associées avec les problèmes des conduites ainsi qu’aux dysfonctions de l’axe HPS, notamment le RCE. L’étude présentée dans ce mémoire cherche aussi à établir si les émotions négatives pourrait être une variable médiatrice dans la relation potentielle entre la RCE et les problèmes des conduites. L’étude révèle que pour les garçons mais pas pour les filles, une RCE réduite est associée avec les émotions négatives, ce qui est successivement associé avec les problèmes des conduites. Le dernier chapitre du mémoire examine les implications théoriques de cette médiatisation et propose également des pistes psychobiologiques pour expliquer les différences sexuelles observées.This thesis begins with two chapters which discuss conduct problems and stress regulation, with a focus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Subsequently, the literature is reviewed and we see that with regards to the relationship between conduct problems and HPA axis activity, the findings are inconsistent. It is possible that methodological considerations underlie the inconsistency found in the literature and the following chapter is concerned with methodology. This is followed by the featured study presented in this thesis which examines the link between the cortisol awakening response (CAR), which is considered a good indicator of HPA axis functioning, and conduct problems in children. Further, negative affect has been linked to both conduct problems and the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR). Thus it was hypothesized that negative affect acts as a mediator in the cortisol-conduct problems relationship. The featured study found that a reduced CAR was associated with both negative affect and conduct problems, however only in boys and not in girls. Further, the mediation hypothesis was supported in boys. The last chapter in this thesis discusses the implications of this mediation finding for theories of conduct problems as well as proposing some psychobiological mechanisms to explain the sex differences found.
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Tyrholm, Martin. "Cortisol awakening response in association with depression status during pregnancy". Thesis, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-216574.
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Jones, Brett. "Serial Measures of the Cortisol Awakening Response during Treatment for Depression in an Inpatient Setting". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42976.
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Goal:
To determine whether the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) associates with treatment response and course in hospital for inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD).
Methods:
The CAR was measured at admission and discharge in patients completing a four-week inpatient program for MDD. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess changes in depression, anxiety, and perceived stress.
Results:
Over the four week hospital stay measures of CAR reactivity (Delta, AUCi) decreased, but there was no significant correlation between the change in CAR reactivity and change in clinical symptoms. Cross-sectional measurements of the CAR reactivity at both admission and discharge were strongly correlated with the drop in depression scores in hospital. Furthermore, poor treatment responders had a significantly lower CAR reactivity at both admission and discharge than did good responders.
Conclusion:
Individuals with higher CAR reactivity at admission and discharge had the greatest reduction in depression over the course of treatment.
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Schweisthal, Olaf Walter [Verfasser]. "Der Cortisol-Awakening-Response in der Diagnostik stressbezogener Erkrankungen / vorgelegt von Olaf Walter Schweisthal". 2007. http://d-nb.info/986326941/34.
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Chui, Helena, C. A. Hoppmann, D. Gerstorf, R. Walker y M. A. Luszcz. "Cumulative Load of Depressive Symptoms Is Associated With Cortisol Awakening Response in Very Old Age". 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7156.
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This study examined links of cumulative and present depressive symptoms with present cortisol diurnal profiles in oldest-old adults. Five waves of data from 50 older adults (M age = 89.05 years; 64% women) who participated in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing were used to combine 15 years of longitudinal data with seven cortisol samples per day over a one-week period. Findings revealed that individuals with more past depressive symptoms showed a lower cortisol awakening response (CAR). Interestingly, present depressive symptoms were not associated with the CAR. These findings inform our understanding of distal health factors in very old age.
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Langel, Anne Katharina. "Basale Speichelcortisolkonzentration und Cortisol Awakening Response - Einfluss psychiatrischer Erkrankungen und schlafbezogener Faktoren bei Kindern und Jugendlichen". 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A37020.
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In dieser Arbeit wurde bei 137 Probanden im Alter zwischen 8 und 14 Jahren untersucht, inwiefern sich die Basalcortisolsekretion sowie die Cortisol Awakening Response bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit internalisierenden oder externalisierenden Störungsbildern von gesunden Kindern und Jugendlichen unterscheiden. Außerdem wurde der Einfluss schlafbezogener Faktoren wie Schlafdauer, Zeitpunkt des Erwachens, Grad der Erholung und Schlafqualität auf die beiden Parameter untersucht. Diagnosegruppe, Schlafqualität und Grad der Erholung zeigten dabei keinen Einfluss auf die Cortisolparameter. Eine kurze Schlafdauer, frühes Erwachen, weibliches Geschlecht und höheres Alter der Probanden, zeigten eine signifikante Assoziation mit höheren Cortisolparametern. Die Interpretation einer HPA- Achsen- Dysregulation als diagnostischer Marker für psychiatrische Störungsbilder im Kindes- und Jugendalter sollte daher kritisch betrachtet werden. Co- Faktoren wie Geschlecht, Alter des Probanden, Schlafdauer und Zeitpunkt des Erwachens scheinen sowohl die basale Cortisolsekretion, als auch die CAR in signifikantem Maße zu beeinflussen und sollten in zukünftigen Studien zur Rolle der HPA- Achsen- Funktion im Rahmen psychiatrischer Störungsbilder sorgfältig kontrolliert werden.
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"Future Time Perspective, Socio-emotional Regulation, and Diurnal Cortisol Patterns in Post-secondary Engineering Students". Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.45519.
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abstract: Built upon Control Value Theory, this dissertation consists of two studies that examine university students’ future-oriented motivation, socio-emotional regulation, and diurnal cortisol patterns in understanding students’ well-being in the academic-context. Study 1 examined the roles that Learning-related Hopelessness and Future Time Perspective Connectedness play in predicting students’ diurnal cortisol patterns, diurnal cortisol slope (DS) and cortisol awakening response (CAR). Self-reported surveys were collected (N = 60), and diurnal cortisol samples were provided over two waves, the week before a mid-term examination (n = 46), and the week during students’ mid-term (n = 40). Using multi-nomial logistic regression, results showed that Learning-related Hopelessness was not predictive of diurnal cortisol pattern change after adjusting for key covariates; and that Future Time Perspective Connectedness predicted higher likelihood for students to have low CAR across both waves of data collection. Study 2 examined students’ future-oriented motivation (Future Time Perspective Value) and socio-emotional regulation (Effortful Control and Social Support) in predicting diurnal cortisol patterns over the course of a semester. Self-reported surveys were collected (N = 67), and diurnal cortisol samples were provided over three waves of data collection, at the beginning of the semester (n = 63), during a stressful academic period (n = 47), and during a relaxation phase near the end of the semester (n = 43). Results from RM ANCOVA showed that Non-academic Social Support was negatively associated with CAR at the beginning of the semester. Multi-nomial logistics regression results indicated that Future Time Perspective Value and Academic Social Support jointly predicted CAR pattern change. Specifically, the interaction term marginally predicted a higher likelihood of students switching from having high CAR at the beginning or stressful times in the semester to having low CAR at the end the semester, compared to those who had low CAR over all three waves. The two studies have major limits in sample size, which restricted the full inclusion of all hypothesized covariates in statistical models, and compromised interpretability of the data. However, the methodology and theoretical implications are unique, providing contributions to educational research, specifically with regard to post-secondary students’ academic experience and well-being.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Family and Human Development 2017
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Leclaire, Sarah. "Sommes-nous de bons juges de notre stress? Marqueurs subjectifs et physiologiques de stress chez de jeunes adultes se disant ‘zen’ versus très stressés". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22146.
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