Tesis sobre el tema "Corrélation d'images numériques stéréoscopiques"
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Caron, Eddy. "Mesures stéréoscopiques à l’échelle de la microstructure : application aux phénomènes hors plan dans un polycristal métallique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CLIL0029.
Texto completoUnderstanding the mechanisms of plasticity and damage in materials represents a va-luable resource for the qualitative development of industry. This knowledge makes it possible to reducecosts, improve safety and anticipate short- and long-term material behavior. Based on behavioralmodels, it becomes possible to carry out numerical simulations capable of predicting the evolutionof materials. Today, these simulations are indispensable for the dimensioning of mechanical systems,whatever their field of application. Although the dialogue between experimental results and numericalpredictions makes it possible to refine these models, there are still singular behaviors, particularly atthe local level, which these models are unable to predict. Tools for measuring kinematic fields have beendeveloped to go down to fine scales and understand the mechanisms at the very heart of the micro-structure, in particular with the development of Digital Image Correlation (DIC). This technology canmeasure fields at pixel level, but does not take into account “out-of-plane” displacements in the cameraaxis. Yet these displacements appear to play a crucial role in the manifestation of plasticity mecha-nisms. The development of a stereoscopic measurement technique including DIC is therefore necessaryfor any further exploration. This study focuses on the development of multi-instrument experimentaltools. In particular, it focuses on the development of non-contact stereoscopic deformation field measu-rement software, enabling the assessment of “out-of-plane” movements. The software, named PyCaSo,was developed and evaluated in the first part of the project. In the second part, other measurementtechniques, such as profilometry, EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) and microscopy, were used tocarry out monotonic and cyclic experimental tests on a reference steel, austenitic stainless steel 316L
Chambon, Sylvie. "Mise en correspondance stéréoscopique d'images couleur en présence d'occultations". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011437.
Texto completoDans un premier chapitre, nous établissons un état de l'art des méthodes de mise en correspondance de pixels. Nous donnons un modèle générique des méthodes s'appuyant sur la définition d'éléments constituants. Nous distinguons alors quatre catégories de méthodes : les méthodes locales, les méthodes globales, les méthodes mixtes et les méthodes à multiples passages.
Le second chapitre aborde le problème de l'évaluation des méthodes de mise en correspondance de pixels. Après avoir donné un état de l'art des protocoles existants, nous proposons un protocole d'évaluation et de comparaison qui prend en compte des images avec vérité terrain et qui distingue différentes zones d'occultations.
Dans le troisième chapitre, nous proposons une taxonomie des mesures de corrélation regroupées en cinq familles : les mesures de corrélation croisée, les mesures utilisant des outils de statistiques classiques, les mesures utilisant les dérivées des images, les mesures s'appuyant sur des outils des statistiques non paramétriques et les mesures exploitant des outils des statistiques robustes. Parmi cette dernière famille, nous proposons dix-sept mesures. Les résultats obtenus avec notre protocole montrent que ces mesures obtiennent les meilleurs résultats dans les zones d'occultations.
Le quatrième chapitre concerne la généralisation à la couleur des méthodes de mise en correspondance à base de corrélation. Après avoir présenté les systèmes de représentation de la couleur que nous testons, nous abordons la généralisation des méthodes à base de corrélation en passant par l'adaptation des mesures de corrélation à la couleur. Nous proposons trois méthodes différentes : fusion des résultats sur chaque composante, utilisation d'une analyse en composante principale et utilisation d'une mesure de corrélation couleur. Les résultats obtenus avec notre protocole mettent en évidence la meilleure méthode qui consiste à fusionner les scores de corrélation.
Dans le dernier chapitre, pour prendre en compte les occultations, nous proposons des méthodes hybrides qui s'appuient sur l'utilisation de deux mesures de corrélation : une mesure classique dans les zones sans occultation et une mesure robuste dans les zones d'occultations. Nous distinguons quatre types de méthodes à base de détection de contours, de corrélation pondérée, de post-détection des occultations et de fusion de cartes de disparités. Les résultats obtenus avec notre protocole montrent que la méthode la plus performante consiste à fusionner deux cartes de disparités.
Doumalin, Pascal. "Microextensométrie locale par corrélation d'images numériques". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00503025.
Texto completoHachicha, Walid. "Traitement, codage et évaluation de la qualité d’images stéréoscopiques". Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132037.
Texto completoRecent developments in 3D stereoscopic technology have opened new horizons in many application fields such as 3DTV, 3D cinema, video games and videoconferencing and at the same time raised a number of challenges related to the processing and coding of 3D data. Today, stereoscopic imaging technology is becoming widely used in many fields. There are still some problems related to the physical limitations of image acquisition systems, e.g. transmission and storage requirements. The objective of this thesis is the development of methods for improving the main steps of stereoscopic imaging pipeline such as enhancement, coding and quality assessment. The first part of this work addresses quality issues including contrast enhancement and quality assessment of stereoscopic images. Three algorithms have been proposed. The first algorithm deals with the contrast enhancement aiming at promoting the local contrast guided by calculated/estimated object importance map in the visual scene. The second and the third algorithms aim at predicting the distortion severity of stereo images. In the second one, we have proposed a fullreference metric that requires the reference image and is based on some 2D and 3D findings such as amplitude non-linearity, contrast sensitivity, frequency and directional selectivity, and binocular just noticeable difference model. While in the third algorithm, we have proposed a no-reference metric which needs only the stereo pair to predict its quality. The latter is based on Natural Scene statistics to identify the distortion affecting the stereo image. The statistic 3D features consist in combining features extracted from the natural stereo pair and those from the estimate disparity map. To this end, a joint wavelet transform, inspired from the vector lifting concept is first employed. Then, the features are extracted from the obtained subbands. The second part of this dissertation addresses stereoscopic image compression issues. We started by investigating a one-dimensional directional discrete cosine transform to encode the disparity compensated residual image. Afterwards, and based on the wavelet transform, we investigated two techniques for optimizing the computation of the residual image. Finally, we present efficient bit allocation methods for stereo image coding purpose. Generally, the bit allocation problem is solved in an empirical manner by looking for the optimal rates leading to the minimum distortion value. Thanks to recently published work on approximations of the entropy and distortion functions, we proposed accurate and fast bit allocation schemes appropriate for the open-loop and closed-loop based stereo coding structures
Burie, Jean-Christophe. "Mise en correspondance d'images linéaires stéréoscopiques : application à la détection d'obstacles à l'avant des véhicules routiers". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10094.
Texto completoBaconnais, Maxime. "Méthode intégrée de corrélation d’images et de corrélation d’images virtuelles". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0069.
Texto completoDigital Image Correlation (DIC) is now com-monly used in academic and industrial settings. In-deed, this method allows to measure the displace-ment field of a surface with high accuracy, good reso-lution and with a simple experimental setup. Howe-ver, image correlation does not allows accurate mea-surement in border areas, sample edges and cracks.The objective of this thesis is to use the VirtualImage Correlation (VIC) method to measure the po-sition of the edges and improve the accuracy of theDIC in these areas. The proposed strategy is basedon three points : the creation of a adapted measure-ment mesh to the geometry, the generation of a pixelmask to remove the edge pixels and the constrainedresolution of the DIC.Different test cases on synthetic images and ex-perimental data show the interest of the integra-ted method. First, the knowledge of the initial posi-tion of the border allows the automatic creation ofan adapted mesh. It is also shown that the simpleuse of a pixel mask reduces significantly the boun-dary error, both in synthetic and real cases. For thecase of constrained resolution, it is shown that itreduces measurement errors in synthetic cases. Ho-wever, this result could not be confirmed in the ap-plication cases, due to the quality of the boundarydoes not allows an accurate measurement and thusan improvement of the DIC results
Jovani, Théo. "Mesure des déformations de pièces par Corrélation d'Images Numériques pour un usinage intelligent". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0042.
Texto completoThe aeronautical industry is constantly aiming to optimise the weight of its aircraft while ensuring their structural rigidity. To this end, the raw parts used to make these structural parts are produced using a series of shaping and heat treatment processes which ensure high functional requirements but which induce residual stresses. These stresses are a major issue for manufacturers. Indeed, the machining of these parts causes a change in the equilibrium of the residual stresses, thus generating deformations during machining and after unmounting. These deformations, which are difficult to control, have a significant impact on the geometric quality of the parts obtained and lead to the implementation of time-consuming and costly reworking operations, or even scrapping. It is therefore essential to be able to characterise and measure the impact of these residual stresses on the deformation of parts during and after their machining in order to control their geometric quality.The present work focuses on the in-situ measurement of deformations and the identification of the initial residual stress distributions of parts during their machining. Tools based on Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and on Stereo Digital Image Correlation (S-DIC) measurements are developed. The application cases are Al7075-T6 aluminum alloy parts encountering either in-plane or three-dimensional deformations. The measurements made during their machining are used either to reconstruct the residual stress map or to supply numerical models to simulate the behaviour of the part in real time. The objective is to be able to modify the machining set-up in real time to compensate for the part deformations. This work is one of the building blocks for a future development of an intelligent machining cell
Clerc, Patrice. "Mesure de champs de déplacements et de déformations par stéréovision et corrélation d'images numériques". Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0066/these.pdf.
Texto completoTo determine displacement or strain fields from digital images, a classical technique consists of drawing a uniform grid on the surface of an object and measuring the displacement fields of these reference points. In order to get a marking method quicker and less expensive, the grid is replaced is by a random pattern. The numerical images are treated by a correlation method with an accuracy of 1/60th pixels. A method of 3D displacement and deformation fields by stereovision and using gray levels correlation method is proposed. Two CCD cameras on a stereo ring are used. All the steps for the measurement (paring, calibration, 3D reconstruction) use correlation. A proposed calibration method of the stereo ring doesn’t use a calibrating objet with a randomized pattern of which only the surface equation is known. The measurements of displacements and deformations fields shown are obtained from grids on a cube target. Once the calibration performed, the object's topographies before and after deformation are obtained from the calibration parameters and correlation between each pair of images and are compared to determine the displacement and deformation fields
Duvieubourg, Luc. "Analyse de séquences d'images linéaires stéréoscopiques : application à la réalisation d'un système de détection d'intrusions intelligent pour les transports guidés". Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10015.
Texto completoMeite, Mamadou. "Caractérisation des paramètres de fissuration par un couplage corrélation d'images et éléments finis". Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/fa00b703-3a94-44be-96df-a500c267ccd2/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4007.pdf.
Texto completoThe thesis work consists in developing a model allowing analyzing crack problems in materials in order to predict their integrity and structural durability. In this model, two techniques are coupled to exploit the experimental observation and numerical modeling by finite elements in order to determine the mechanical state and the fracture properties into crack tip vicinity. A first part is dedicated to the experimental analysis using Digital Images Correlation to calculate, in the crack tip vicinity, the kinematics fields of deformations. The experimental noise inherent to the experimental data and the uncertainty of the crack tip localization require developing a procedure for measurements fields’ optimization. This optimization consists in finding a good correlation between the experimental data and the Williams’ asymptotic analytical solution based on the development of mathematical series of weighting coefficients, by using Newton-Raphson iterative procedure based on nonlinear least squares. The consequence of this correlation allowed determining at the same time, the crack tip position and kinematics field of crack lips displacement nearest to reality. The kinematic analysis then allows characterizing the kinetics of cracking via the crack opening intensity factors. One second part deals with the development, into the computer finite elements code Castem, of a specific numerical algorithm to the mechanical and energy characterization. In the case of a stationary crack, although the experimental tests are monitoring under machine displacement (correlated with the crack opening), the numerical model is defined by imposing a load given by synchronization between the testing machine and the images acquisition. This approach, that we described as statics (piloting in force or stress), shows that the amplitude of the singularity, characterized by the stress intensity factor which is determined from the integral invariants formalism, is not only independent of the material behavior law, but also proportional to the loading amplitude. Lastly, a last stage allows rebuilding the totality of the cracking properties, as well as kinematic, static and energetic. This rebuilding passes by the bringing together of kinematics properties provided by images analysis and stress properties calculated by finite elements approach. Thus, the whole of the protocol disregards law of behavior. Moreover, the kinematic and static coupling allows deducing the energy release rate. This coupling allows finally characterizing the local elastic properties which can, at terms, being employed to feed a crack propagation law or to go back to the global elasticity properties of the employed material. The whole of work is accompanied by experimental and numerical applications for isotropic (PVC) and orthotropic (Douglas) materials, the samples being subjected to tension in opening (I) and mixed (I+II) modes loading
Pierré, Jean-Emmanuel. "Stéréo corrélation d'images numériques éléments finis : application à la validation de modèles de structures composites sous sollicitations complexes". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30291/document.
Texto completoVERTEX Project, to which this thesis belongs, aims to validate composite models by multi-axial static tests on specimens at the level of structural details. The positioning on this scale requires the development of both new instrumentation techniques and tools for the test/simulation dialogue, which are at the heart of this thesis. Given the complexity of this type of experiments, we focus here on Stereo Digital Image Correlation (SDIC) since it yields 3D displacement fields on the surface of the specimen. However, if we stick to conventional approaches, it is difficult to make quantitative comparisons between a measured field and a Finite Element (FE) simulated field. Thus, in this work, a framework is developed to make a measurement by SDIC in the physical coordinate system based on an FE model (calibration of non-linear camera models , FE shape measurement, FE field measurement). This method gives access to experimental displacement fields directly expressed both in the coordinate system and support of the FE simulation, which considerably simplifies validation. To validate a model at the scale of structural details, the question of boundary conditions is fundamental. This question is even more complex since the kinematic measurement is limited to the visible surface. In addition to this surface measurement, it is here envisioned to estimate additionally the boundary conditions in the thickness of the specimen relying on a plate/shell-like model (classic or volume). Different approaches are considered depending on the confidence giving to this model. This methodology is implemented in an academic software and is applied to synthetic tests. The development of a dedicated instrumentation also allowed the analysis of tests performed on the VERTEX bench
Coron, Xavier. "Etude expérimentale d'une flamme de prémélange stabilisée dans un écoulement turbulent à point d'arrêt". Poitiers, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426605.
Texto completoFlames in stagnating turbulence are well identified academic situations of turbulent reacting flows that allow a close coordination of experimental, theoritical and computational aspects of combustion research. In the present work, the local and mean characteristics of a stagnating turbulent premixed flame, obtained by impinging a flow against a solid flat surface, are investigated. The experimental situation is characterized by a weak turbulence as well as a flamelet regime, two features that allow the development of an asymptotic analysis of this reactive flow. The presence of the solid wall results in the existence of a mean rate of strain that influences the structure of the flame and may eventually lead to extinction. Morover, heat transfer through the solid wall may also interact with this rate of strain to facilitate this extinction mechanism. This latter situation corresponding to a non-isenthalpic reactive flow is an ongoing research subject. The present work is intented to measure simultaneously velocity and scalar fields, the scalar characterizing the progress of chemical reaction thoughout the flow. To this purpose, the Vestales experimental rig was developped : it consists of a nozzle burner providing a stream of reactive mixture (propane-air), fitted out with a perforated grid, facing a flat solid plate. The premixed turbulent flame is then stabilized in the diverging flow between the exit plane and the solid plate. Laser Doppler Anemometry (L. D. A. ) and Particle Image Velocimetry (P. I. V. ) system are used for velocity measurements. In order to determine simultaneously velocity and progress variable, P. I. V. Recordings are analysed as tomographic recordings. A great deal of attention has been paid to implement processing tools : we have shown that the proposed method based on region and edge segmentation combined with deformable models is well suited to extract a continuous front flame contour and to topological analysis purpose. The study concentrates on two mean strain rates (100 and 120 s{-1}) and two values of the equivalence ratio of the unburned mixture (0,89 and 0,99). Spectral and spatial analysis of flowfield turbulence statistics is proposed. Reynolds and Favre mean quantities of velocity and progress variable are obtained, including scalar turbulent flux, which allows comparison with results obtained through the theoritical asymptotic analysis as well as numerical simulation
Mathieu, Florent. "Analyse de la tenue mécanique d'un liner en titane : apport des mesures de champs cinématiques". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846252.
Texto completoDalémat, Marie. "Une expérimentation réussie pour l’identification de la réponse mécanique sans loi de comportement : Approche data-driven appliquée aux membranes élastomères". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0065.
Texto completoThe identification of the mechanical response of materials aims at finding a relationship between strain fields, stress fields, etc. Classically, this relationship consists in explicit equation(s) referred to as the constitutive equation(s). Considering the more and more complex phenomena, the derivation of new constitutive models and the corresponding fit of material parameters are complex tasks; it underlines the limitations of this approach. An algorithm called Data-Driven Identification recently developed by Leygue et al. (Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 331, 184-196 (2018)) has given birth to a new paradigm: representing the relation between strain and stress fields thanks to a cloud of points obtained from complex experiments. This method is based on the availability of measurements of (i) strain field obtained, for example, thanks to digital image correlation, and (ii) resulting forces. Then, stress fields can be derived without prescribing any constitutive equation, and the corresponding material database can be built. This thesis investigates the validity of this algorithm as applied to real data, in order to demonstrate its relevance. The method is first applied to altered synthetic data sets in order to adapt it to large strain problems, in which measurement information is often incomplete. Then, the algorithm is used with experimental data: an elastomeric perforated membrane is uniaxially stretched and the corresponding heterogeneous stress fields are “measured” without constitutive equation. Finally, two applications of the method are proposed: obtaining the mechanical response of a bimaterial membrane and taking into account really multiaxial loading conditions
Curt, Jordan. "Damage detection for wind turbine towers with Digital Image Correlation". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPAST008.
Texto completoWind turbine technology is mature and the market has become very competitive over time. A lever to reduce the costs of wind turbine operation lies in optimizing turbine maintenance. In this context, this study focuses on the wind turbine tower. The lifetime of the tower is influenced by uncertain parameters related to the environment and material hazards. This makes it very difficult to predict the tower lifetime, and large safety factors are used when dimensioning it. However, around the world, a few wind turbines have already collapsed, each time during extreme climatic episodes. The two identified ruin causes are the local buckling of the tower and the tearing off of its upper part. Academic and industrial sources have also reported the discovery of cracks on some turbines at the weld-material interfaces. An investigation of the criticality of a crack with respect to buckling and its fatal propagation has been carried out in the case where the tower is subjected to violent loads. Finite element simulations showed that the fatal crack propagation was the limiting phenomenon for the life extension of a cracked wind turbine tower.To ensure structural integrity, health monitoring techniques were developed over time. These are generally carried out using sensors extrapolating a global state of health from local data (accelerometers, strain gauges). The risk is that a defect remains invisible but is nevertheless critical for the structure. It is therefore essential to revisit the prediction tools based on site data. Within the framework of this work, methods based on imagery and more particularly Digital Image Correlation (DIC) have been developed. To address the problem, two approaches at different scales have been considered.The first, at structural scale, consists in reconstructing the wind turbine displacement field considered as a one-dimensional structure. The presence of damage will induce a loss of lateral stiffness, and thus a (quasi-)discontinuity in the field of rotation. The challenges for this part are twofold: the lack of contrast on the tower and the capture of outdoor photographs on a large structure. An integrated DIC technique was used in order to reduce the number of unknowns in the problem and to lower the measurement uncertainties. It was shown that the influence of a damage, especially a crack, would be too small regarding the measurement uncertainties. However, an innovative method of wind turbine tower modal analysis was developed and the first two natural frequencies could be determined accurately.The second strategy is focused on a mesoscopic scale. It is based on a low-cost camera system, inside the wind turbine, covering the circumferential welds in the regions of highest stress. The idea is to establish for each camera, when the structure is considered sound, a displacement modal basis using model reduction techniques. Over time, if an underlying or through defect appears, it will induce a disturbance in the displacement field which can be detected using global indicators such as displacement deviation or DIC residuals.In order to determine whether the detection of damage at both scales is feasible or not, it is essential to take into account the measurement uncertainty. Therefore, a mathematical framework of the optimal CIN with N fields has been proposed and validated
Guery, Adrien. "Développement d'une méthode de corrélation d'images numériques adaptée aux mesures cinématiques dans les polycristaux : application à l'identification de paramètres de lois de plasticité cristalline". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0038/document.
Texto completoA digital image correlation procedure adapted to kinematic measurements in polycrystals has been developed in this work to identify parameters of crystal plasticity laws. 2D kinematic measurements are performed on the surface of 316LN austenitic steel polycrystals from a sequence of images acquired using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) during in-situ tensile tests for various mean grain sizes. To enable digital image correlation, a speckle adapted to the microscopic scale is deposited onto the specimen surface by a microlithography process. Spatial distortions resulting from both patterning and SEM imaging techniques are quantified. The knowledge of the microstructure at the surface by electron backscattered diffraction allows for kinematic measurements to be performed using an unstructured finite element mesh taking as support the grain or twin boundaries. This same mesh is then used for the simulation of each tensile test on the experimental microstructure with the measured nodal displacements prescribed as boundary conditions with their time evolution. Two local crystal plasticity laws are considered to simulate the observed strain heterogeneities, namely, the Méric-Cailletaud model and the DD-CFC law developed at EDF R&D. Comparisons between measurements and simulations are performed in terms of displacements, strains but also activated slip systems. Last, an inverse identification method is proposed for the identification of the sought constitutive parameters based on both the local displacement fields and the material homogenized behavior. The parameters associated with isotropic hardening of Méric-Cailletaud law are thus identified for various mean grain sizes. It is also shown that some of the interaction parameters of slip systems can be estimated
Husseini, Hassan Al. "Adaptation de la méthode de corrélation d'images numériques pour la gestion des discontinuités du milieu et de la transformation". Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2270/document.
Texto completoThe development of the digital image correlation method (DIC) for the management of discontinuities of the material and the transformation is discussed in this thesis. As we know, the framework for the use of the optical measurement methods i.e. of continuum mechanics requires a continuity of: i) domain and ii) transformation. To treat those discontinuities, we can consider a piecewise continuity (material and transformation). In the case of DIC method, this can be done by adapting locally the shape and size of the correlation subsets to the zone of interest and its kinematics. A novel way to do it, is by using masks: an object mask to process material discontinuities and a discontinuity mask to process transformation discontinuities. However before the implementation of masks in the correlation process, several experimental displacement tests on models reproducing the two types of discontinuity at small scale were performed. Those tests proved the influence of discontinuities on the degradation of the measurement accuracy by DIC. Then, tensile tests were conducted on a polycarbonate made specimen knowing a mode I opening or closing crack. After implementing masks in the correlation software Correla, the calculation of displacement and deformation fields was successfully performed on the surface of this specimen for all its edges, demonstrating the effectiveness of the adapted DIC
Grennerat, Fanny. "Hétérogénéités de déformation au cours du fluage transitoire de la glace polycristalline. Mesures par corrélation d'images numériques et modélisation". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728174.
Texto completoBoudarel, Heloïse. "Caractérisation in situ du développement d'un biofilm par suivi de microbilles à l'aide d'une méthode de corrélation d'images numériques". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC061/document.
Texto completoThe control of biofilm formation constitutes an important challenge in many industrial and biomedical applications. In this context, BioFilm Control is a pioneer thanks to its test named BioFilm Ring Test. Based on the immobilisation of magnetic microbeads by adherent cells, the assay allows to detect the presence of biofilm at a given time. The aim of this phD project is to translate the BioFilm Ring Test® into a dynamic, non-destructive and microscopic examination of the biofilm state. Whithin the biofilm, the matrix provides a strong cohesion between cells and therefore increases their resistance against chemical or mechanical stress in comparison to their planktonic counterparts. The mechanical properties of the matrix are therefore an indicator of the local state of the biofilm. The search for these parameters makes it possible to predict and control the formation, accumulation and spread of bacteria that propagate infections and/or biofouling. Nevertheless, the determination of the mechanical properties of biofilms requires precautions and the use of an homogenized vocabulary and methods that are unified within the community. To this end, a first part of this thesis work consists in proposing a guide of good practices for the mechanical characterization of biofilm material. In the second part of this work, a methodology for tracking of micrometric particles within a living material is developed. The use of full field measurement method such as digital image correlation makes it possible to trace the kinematics of the motion of each particle, which is a probe of the local environment. This method is then applied to the study of the biofilm formation, by non-contact measurement. The originality of this work is based on the characterization of the change in the microbeads movement during the biofilm formation steps. The aim is to discriminate bead behaviours that reveal the genesis of a biofilm. By taking advantage of the observation of the movement of inert microbeads embedded into the bacterial environment, we detect changes of type of trajectories which seem to be correlated to the activity of sessiles bacteria, adhesion or formation of extracellular material. The results show that the various stages of the biofilm formation are characterized by a non-destructive test. Especially, It allows to appreciate the efficiency of an antibiotic. In the last part, research still in a development phase is presented. It concerns the behaviour of biofilm under mechanical solicitation. This involves observing the biofilm in the far field and following the displacement or deformation of a pattern consisting of an agglomerate of microbeads immersed in a magnetic field. This initial work can be used as a draft for future work to quantitatively characterize the biofilm material
Charlès, Sylvain. "Contribution of quantitative imaging to the mechanical, thermal and calorific characterization of rubber". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1S126.
Texto completoThe thermal dependence of the mechanical behavior, coupled with the numerous thermomechanical couplings present in elastomers, implies that the use of field methods to investigate the thermomechanical response of elastomers gives lot of information on physical phenomena which occurs in the material. The aim of this PhD thesis is to develop a method using both infrared thermography and digital image correlation to extract all information possible during mechanical testing of elastomeric materials
Crambuer, Romain. "Contribution à l'identification de l'amortissement : approches expérimentales et numériques". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957320.
Texto completoVialettes, Pierre. "Simulation numérique et expérimentale du comportement mécanique des ballons pressurisés stratosphériques". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0034.
Texto completoGras, Renaud. "Identification de champs de propriétés élastiques fondée sur la mesure de champs : application sur un composite tissé 3D". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845752.
Texto completoLachambre, Joël. "Développement d'une méthode de caractérisation 3D des fissures de fatigue à l'aide de la corrélation d'images numériques obtenues par tomographie X". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0050/document.
Texto completoThis manuscript describes a methodology used to compute Stress Intensity Factor values along the curved front of a fatigue crack inside a nodular cast iron. An artificial defect is introduced at the surface of a small sample. The initiation and growth of a fatigue crack from this defect during constant amplitude cycling is monitored in situ by laboratory x-ray tomography. The method for processing the 3D images in order to compute SIF values is described in detail. The results obtained show variations of the stress intensity factor values along the crack front
Cosseron, Kévin. "Identification des chargements exercés par un pneumatique sur une roue d'aéronef". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN036.
Texto completoThe predictive character of numerical simulations run to design a structure critically depends on the accuracy with which the boundary conditions prescribedon the structure are introduced. For aircraft wheel manufacturers, the loadings applied to the wheel during ground maneuvering by various tires that are mounted play an important role. However, they are hardly known apart from the resultant force between the ground and the tire. Aircraft wheel manufacturers do not control the tire, which is a complex intermediate component, but must still work with it to design their products. Because tire-ground loads are transmitted to the wheel through the tire at the tire-rim interface, assumptions on the deformation behavior of the tire are to be made to determine the correct applied loading to the wheel and many experiments are often requiredto evaluate the wheel structural response. The knowledge of tire-rim interface loadings would thus provide an invaluable help to shorten aircraft wheel design processes. To tackle this challenge, an inverse identification procedure of tire-rim loadings for several cases is proposed herein. The aim is to identify the loadings applied by a tire on an aircraft wheel via the measurement of thewheel deformation and to allow the wheel manufacturer to better understand and model the interaction between the wheel and the tire. First, an objective parameterization of tire-rim loadings, which is as robust and compact as possible, is defined. Then, non-intrusive measurements (e.g., displacement fields obtained by Digital Image Correlation analyses, strains at gauge locations) obtained during a previous postdoctoral research are used to calibrate the loading parameters. A finite element model updating algorithmis used to solve this inverse problem. Last, the optimal sensor placement problem is considered to define an instrumentation that yields the most accurate estimâtes of the loading parameters
David, Christoph. "Identification de paramètres mécaniques de matériaux composites à partir de corrélation d’images numériques multi-échelles". Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMAC0012/document.
Texto completoImproving the prediction of numerical simulations requires a better control of constitutive models. Identification methods exploiting full-field measurements have been developed in order to validate models and to identify a set of constitutive parameters from a reduced number of heterogeneous tests. The results of those methods largely depends on measurement uncertainties. In this PhD thesis, a strategy is proposed and developed for the identification of constitutive parameters from full-field measurements obtained by multiscale finite element digital image correlation (FE-DIC). A Regularised Finite Element Model Updating method (FEMU-R) is adapted to this multiscale approach. It exploits displacement fields measured by FE-DIC at a structural scale (in order to obtain the boundary conditions for FE simulation)and at a local scale (giving a better resolution on the displacement field for the comparison between experiment and simulation). An image registration algorithm is developed to bridge these scales. First validated on synthetic images, the multiscale approach is then applied to an open-hole tensile test of a glass/epoxy composite laminate. It is shown that such a strategy allows to reduce not only the measurement uncertainties but also the identification uncertainties. Finally the question of a speckle pattern suitable for this approach is discussed and some first technical solutions are proposed and tested
Mguil, Siham. "Une technique de corrélation directe d'images numériques : application à la détermination de courbes limites de formage et proposition d'un critère de striction". Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0062.
Texto completoFor industrials working in metal forming process, the knowledge of Forming Limit Diagram (F L D) is important. These curves give the ultimate use of a sheet without risk of necking. In order to obtain a FLD an experimental test could be done. Nevertheless improvements, this work remains long and difficult. Also numerical necking criterion could be used. But, the metal forming process is complex and the given results are not coincident. In this thesis, two approaches are proposed for the determination of FLD. The first one is experimental: a correlation technique was developed for the displacement field measurement on a sheet. The second approach is numerical: a necking criterion based on the Swift assumption is proposed; it includes the modified Gurson-Tvergaard damage model taking account the Hill’s or Borlat and Lian’s anisotropy. With the correlation technique, the displacement field is obtained with a good accuracy: 1/60th of a pixel and the measured strain could reach 80% between two pictures. Classical marking were replaced by a randomize pattern put down, in few seconds, on the sheet with a paint spray: the determination time of a FLD is strongly reduced. The proposed necking criterion is based on the fact the strain state becomes a plane strain state in the neck localized by the damage variable. The criterion is written in an intrinsic form where the angle of the orthotropic axes with respect to the principal stresses axes in introduced. The given criterion is both applicable to linear and non-linear strain paths
Handika, Nuraziz. "Multi-fissuration des structures en béton armé : analyse par corrélation d'images et modélisation". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0001/document.
Texto completoThe modelling of cracking of reinforced concrete using the finite element method requires taking into account, in addition to the concrete damage, three phenomena: the specificity of the steel-concrete bond, the self-stress due to shrinkage, and the probabilistic scale effect due to the heterogeneity of concrete. This research is based on an experimental campaign to obtain the behaviour of the bond and the characteristics of the cracks on structural elements. The technique of digital image correlation was used to observe the spacing and opening of the cracks.The steel-concrete bond is considered in modelling using elastoplastic interface elements based on the experimental results of the pull-out tests. The effects of shrinkage are taken into account via a poro-mechanical framework. Finally, the probabilistic scale effect is integrated into the modelling via a random field method and then a weakest link one. Modelling is applied to the reinforced concrete structural element studied in the laboratory, which makes it possible to quantify the relative importance on cracking of the steel-concrete bond, the stresses induced by shrinkage, and the tensile strength heterogeneity of the material
Charbal, Ali. "Mesure de champs thermomécaniques pour l'étude de la fatigue par chocs thermiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN007/document.
Texto completoThermal fatigue occurs in nuclear power plant pipes. The temperature variations are due to the turbulent mixing of fluids that have different temperatures. Many experimental setups have been designed but the measured temperatures have only been punctual and out of the zone of interest (e.g., via thermocouples). The equivalent strain variation in the crack initiation region is calculated with numerical thermomechanical simulations. In many cases, the comparisons between numerical and experimental results have shown that the crack initiation predictions in thermal fatigue are non-conservative. A new testing setup is proposed where thermal shocks are applied with a pulsed laser beam while the thermal and kinematic fields on the specimen surface are measured with infrared (IR) and visible cameras, respectively. Experimental testings are performed and different measurement techniques for temperature and kinematic fields are used. IR camera and pyrometers allow to measure the temperature variations in the zone impacted by the laser beam. To estimate the absolute temperature, the surface emissivities at the respective wavelengths are determined by different methods. The absolute temperature field is then used to apply the actual thermal loading in a decoupled FE model after an identification process of the parameters of the laser beam. Once the thermal loading is generated based upon the experimental data, the stress and strain fields can be computed in the region of interest with an elastoplastic law.The experimental strain variations calculated from the DIC measurements are compared with the predictions obtained with the FE simulation
Segouin, Valentin. "Développement d’un outil de Corrélation d’Images Numériques pour la caractérisation du comportement piézoélectrique et ferroélectrique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC110/document.
Texto completoPiezoelectric and ferroelectric materials exhibit a coupled electromechanicalbehaviour. This property allows a use in various kinds of applications such as sensors,actuators, harvesting devices or converters. In addition, due to their non-linear and dissipativebehaviour, ferroelectric materials are increasingly used in electronic applications such astunable capacitors, non-volatile memory, oscillators and filters. The performance andreliability of such devices depend on the material electromechanical properties, whichconsequently need to be characterised. In the past decades, such characterisation was largelydeveloped and the piezoelectric, ferroelectric, ferroelastic and dielectric properties offerroelectrics were the subject of numerous studies. Yet the test conditions are difficult tocontrol due to the strong interplay between thermal, mechanical and dielectric properties.In this work, a full-field measurement apparatus has been designed to characterise thepiezoelectric and ferroelectric strain behaviour of ferroelectric ceramics. This apparatus usesan optical setup and a 2D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) algorithm named CorreliRT3. Thealgorithm is based on a global approach and reduces the displacement field errors using thebalance equations of solid mechanics. It is shown that piezoelectric and ferroelectric strainscan be measured with an uncertainty around 10-5 by using the developed setup. Thisuncertainty is reached under uncoupled or coupled loading (electric field and/or stress). It isalso shown that the experimental setup can control the test conditions by characterising thestrain heterogeneity during the test.In the two last chapters, a ferroelectric material is characterised under electric field andstress. The material behaviour is presented and discussed in the different loadingconfigurations. Material properties, such as the longitudinal and transverse piezoelectriccoefficients (d33, d31) are extracted and analysed as a function of the electric field and stress.The results show that the DIC technique is able to measure and characterise the behaviour andthe properties of ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials. The main benefits of this techniqueis that, contrary to classical measurement techniques, the measurement does not alter the testconditions. Moreover, DIC is able to detect test anomalies such as strain heterogeneities
Bodelot, Laurence. "Étude couplée des champs cinématiques et thermiques à l'échelle de la microstructure des matériaux métalliques". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347987.
Texto completoL'objectif de ces travaux est donc de développer les moyens expérimentaux nécessaires à la réalisation de telles analyses mécaniques et énergétiques à l'échelle microstructurale. Pour accéder simultanément aux informations cinématiques et thermiques à l'échelle la plus fine possible actuellement, celle des grains d'un polycristal, des mesures de champs de température par thermographie infrarouge et de champs de déformation par corrélation d'images numériques sont donc mises en œuvre au sein d'un dispositif original de couplage des deux techniques. Ce dispositif permet alors une étude simultanée des champs de température et de déformation d'un acier inoxydable austénitique 316L sous sollicitations uniaxiales monotones et cycliques.
Dang-Hoang, Thong. "Rupture et endommagement d’un assemblage boulonné : approche expérimentale et simulation numérique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10066/document.
Texto completoThis study focuses on the study of fracture and damage of a bolted assembly made up of thin sheets of aluminum alloy 6082 T6, thickness e= 2 millimeters, in single recovery. Several configurations of assemblies (number and arrangement of fasteners) are studied in monotonous solicitations, analyzing the effects of board. The influence of torque and clearance will be considered for the study of the behavior of the link. An experimental approach was implemented to analyze the sequence of damage mechanisms simultaneously using the technique of acoustic emission (AE) and measurement of fields by digital image correlation (DIC). EA Technology has tracked the evolution of acoustic activities by planar localization to better identify the initiation and propagation of cracks. The DIC technique confirms the damage scenarios evaluating, the deformation field at any point near the fastener. The finite element technique was used to predict the overall behavior of these assemblies. The calculations are performed in a 3D computer code using solid elements, shell elements and and are undertaken both in élastoplasticité without and with damage. The prediction of damage has been done using two models : modeling decoupled depending on the model of Latham and Cockroft and coupled modeling based on the model of Gurson modified
Racine, Aude. "Influence de l'orientation des hydrures sur les modes de déformation, d'endommagement et de rupture du Zircaloy-4 hydruré". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002307.
Texto completoRobert, Thierry. "Modélisation continue de signaux non-stationnaires à ruptures brutales". Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT009H.
Texto completoBruzy, Nicolas. "Couplage entre plasticité et transformation de phase dans le Fer : Étude par corrélation d’images et modélisation". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0056/document.
Texto completoMechanical properties of iron-based alloys are largely conditioned by their microstructure and the population of local defects inside this microstructure. As it is a moment of massive interplay between these two elements, the study of the α-γ and γ-α transformations in iron is of particular interest. Besides a change from a body-centered cubic to a face-centered cubic crystal structure – and thus a change in compacity –, they lead to a lattice parameter reduction. The corresponding change in volume is responsible for local mechanical deformations around transformation sites. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique has been proven reliable to compute kinematic fields at the scale of a few grains. In the present work, an adaptation of this technique to the observation of strain localizations induced by the formation of a new phase is proposed. A home-made device is designed to obtain high resolution images and to control heating and cooling. Tests are first conducted on industrial iron to assess the viability of the procedure. High-purity iron samples are then submitted to α-γ-α transformation cycles and the associated strain fields are computed. In combination with the acquisition of initial and final orientations they are used to validate transformation mechanisms proposed in the literature. In parallel, a model, written under the small strain format, is built by incorporating transformation related components into a power functional whose stationarity conditions are equivalent to the thermomechanical problem. In accordance with variational principles, the evolution of internal variables,including plastic slip increments and fraction of the material locally transformed, are computed through the minimization of the functional
Loqmane, Hicham. "Études des champs cinématique et thermique pour l’analyse des effets dissipatifs associés à l’endommagement sous des sollicitations statiques et dynamiques simples et multiaxiales des matériaux composites stratifiés". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10095.
Texto completoIn this thesis the original approach for laminated composite materials (glass / epoxy) of developing experimental protocols adapted to test conventional fatigue and self-heating tests in multiaxial for three types of loading: traction, pure shear and combined tensile shear using Arcan mounting. This method has been adapted to rapid determination of damage threshold of laminate composites. These protocols allow to deal with local energy balance and are based on qualitative and quantitative image processing techniques. It combines two image processing techniques: Infrared thermography method and digital image correlation. The Infrared thermography method through 2D smoothing allowsstudying separately dissipative effects which are related to for fatigue damage of the structure and thermoelastic effects accompanying self-heating tests. While the digital image correlation gives access to kinematic fields and estimation of the strain energy locally into play on a loading cycle, and compare it to the energy dissipated. A qualitative study was made under tomography to characterize the mechanisms of damage during fatigue testing for the three types of stress
El-Hajjaji, Abdellah. "Traitement numérique en 3D d'un couple d'images stéréo du satellite SPOT". Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES028.
Texto completoThe aim of our research was to extract the level h of a precise landscape taken over two differents angles by the satellite SPOT. To do so, we have modelised the movement of the satellite and his optical system to transform the two first images in another one, epipolar which will allow us to reduce the matching time and to find with success the equivalent pixels. For the pairing, we have utilised a technic wich is based on the corrolation and of the dynamic programming. This method was very satisfactory and allow us to match 96 % of the equivalent pixels, with an error of less than 5 meters, but the original problem is still a matter of research for complimentary studing
Elmeguenni, Mohamed. "Effet de la triaxialité sur le comportement et la rupture du polyéthylène haute densité : approches expérimentales et numériques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10035.
Texto completoIn a first part of this thesis, an experimental approach based on macroscopic measurements and microscopic observations (SEM and OM) led to a better understanding of damage mechanisms in high density polyethylene (HDPE) and its stress triaxiality sensitivity. In order to examine higher stress triaxiality values, cracked samples were experimentally examined in a second part. Based on the obtained results, the relevance of the fracture mechanics concepts to characterize the fracture toughness of HDPE was critically discussed. The investigation was performed using two well-known approaches of the fracture mechanics – J-integral and EWF – using different specimen configurations (SENB, CT and DENT). To gain insight into the strain field around the crack tip, digital image correlation method was used. The third part was focused on the demonstration of the relevance of ductile damage models (based on the void volume evolution as indicator of damage) to predict the mechanical and damage behaviour of HDPE and that, until complete failure. A special attention was paid on the stress triaxiality effects. Two failure criteria using complementary approaches were examined. These approaches were found relevant in the case of HDPE. Indeed, a good agreement was found between the numerical simulations and the experimental results in terms of overall response of axisymmetric samples (true stress-strain-volumetric response) and of cracked samples (load-displacement response) and in terms of local response corresponding to kinematics fields
Toulouse, Tom. "Estimation par stéréovision multimodale de caractéristiques géométriques d'un feu de végétation en propagation". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26472.
Texto completoThis thesis presents the geometrical characteristics measurement of spreading vegetation fires with multimodal stereovision systems. Image processing and 3D registration are used in order to obtain a three-dimensional modeling of the fire at each instant of image acquisition and then to compute fire front characteristics like its position, its rate of spread, its height, its width, its inclination, its surface and its volume. The first important contribution of this thesis is the fire pixel detection. A benchmark of fire pixel detection algorithms of the litterature and of those that are developed in this thesis have been on a database of 500 vegetation fire images of the visible spectra which have been characterized according to the fire properties in the image (color, smoke, luminosity). Five fire pixel detection algorithms based on fusion of data from visible and near-infrared spectra images have also been developed and tested on another database of 100 multimodal images. The second important contribution of this thesis is about the use of images fusion for the optimization of the matching point’s number between the multimodal stereo images. The second important contribution of this thesis is the registration method of 3D fire points obtained with stereovision systems. It uses information collected from a housing containing a GPS and an IMU card which is positioned on each stereovision systems. With this registration, a method have been developed to extract the geometrical characteristics when the fire is spreading. The geometrical characteristics estimation device have been evaluated on a car of known dimensions and the results obtained confirm the good accuracy of the device. The results obtained from vegetation fires are also presented. Key words: wildland fire, stereovision, image processing segmentation, multimodal.
Puyo-Pain, Matthieu. "Comportement mécanique d'assemblages de composites 2D SiCf/SiC brasés par un joint à base-silicium : mesures de champs par corrélation d'images numériques en conditions extrêmes". Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12905.
Texto completoWang, Linlin. "Micromechanical experimental investigation and modelling of strain and damage of argillaceous rocks under combined hydric and mechanical loads". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/79/49/00/PDF/these_linlin_WANG.pdf.
Texto completoThe hydromechanical behavior of argillaceous rocks, which are possible host rocks for underground radioactive nuclear waste storage, is investigated by means of micromechanical experimental investigations and modellings. Strain fields at the micrometric scale of the composite structure of this rock, are measured by the combination of environmental scanning electron microscopy, in situ testing and digital image correlation technique. The evolution of argillaceous rocks under pure hydric loading is first investigated. The strain field is strongly heterogeneous and manifests anisotropy. The observed nonlinear deformation at high relative humidity (RH) is related not only to damage, but also to the nonlinear swelling of the clay mineral itself, controlled by different local mechanisms depending on RH. Irreversible deformations are observed during hydric cycles, as well as a network of microcracks located in the bulk of the clay matrix and/or at the inclusion-matrix interface. Second, the local deformation field of the material under combined hydric and mechanical loadings is quantified. Three types of deformation bands are evidenced under mechanical loading, either normal to stress direction (compaction), parallel (microcracking) or inclined (shear). Moreover, they are strongly controlled by the water content of the material: shear bands are in particular prone to appear at high RH states. In view of understanding the mechanical interactions a local scale, the material is modeled as a composite made of non-swelling elastic inclusions embedded in an elastic swelling clay matrix. The internal stress field induced by swelling strain incompatibilities between inclusions and matrix, as well as the overall deformation, is numerically computed at equilibrium but also during the transient stage associated with a moisture gradient. An analytical micromechanical model based on Eshelby's solution is proposed. In addition, 2D finite element computations are performed. Results are discussed in relation with experimental observations
Barkia, Bassem. "Viscoplasticité à l'ambiante du titane en relation avec ses teneurs en oxygène et hydrogène". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01137807/document.
Texto completoThe aim of the thesis is to study at the macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic scales, the effects of interstitials contents (oxygen and hydrogen) on titanium viscoplasticity at room temperature. At the macroscopic scale, the behavior was studied by tensile tests, strain rate jumps, relaxation and creep tests along to the rolling direction and the transverse direction. The materials show an anisotropic behavior due to a marked crystallographic behavior and a variation of the deformation modes when changing the loading direction. We note a hardening effect of oxygen and a discrete effect of hydrogen especially in the beginning of the plastic flow and during creep. The activated deformation mechanisms were observed in real time during in-situ tensile tests under an optical microscope or under SEM preceded by EBSD measurements of crystal orientations and accompanied by measures of local deformation fields and strain heterogeneity by digital image correlation. The tests highlight the predominance of prismatic glide. A solicitation along the transverse direction and an increase in the oxygen content promotes the basal glide and twinning. The critical resolved shear stresses of different slip systems increases with increasing oxygen contents. The analysis was also based on TEM observations of dislocations arrangements and twinning. The experimental data were used to identify a mean-field crystal viscoplasticity model
Tran, Thi Phuong Huyen. "Étude expérimentale de la localisation de la déformation par corrélation d’images sur un analogue de roche soumis à différentes conditions de chargement triaxiaux". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4083/document.
Texto completoThis work presents an experimental characterization of the strain localization and the rupture on a granular rock analogue material under different conditions of axisymmetric loading. The evolution of the strain localization was characterized by the two-dimensional image correlation technique. Two series of triaxial compression and extension tests were carried out at different confining pressure Pc. Taking advantage of the DIC technique and detailed characterization of GRAM1’s constitutive properties by Mas and Chemenda (2014, 2015), we show that the initiation of deformation localization bands is preceded by the uniform elastic and then elasto-plastic deformation. The strain localization is initiated in the dilatant regime (positive dilatancy factor β) and strain-softening (negative hardening modulus h). During the band evolution, the deformation within it becomes compactive (β<0) and is accompanied by the material hardening (h>0), which causes the band to widen and new bands to form successively. The formation of new bands causes a slowing down the deformation within the prior bands, which makes the progressively densified band network to continuously evolve. In axisymmetric extension tests, the fractures are formed perpendicular to the minor principal stress σ3 in an extensive stress state at low Pc then compressive when Pc increases. Our results show a continuous transition from the extensive fracture to shear fracture with an increase of compressive stress. This is suitable of the results obtained for extension tests performed on natural rocks (Ramsey and Chester, 2004; Bobich, 2005)
De, Freitas Alves Talita. "Thermomechanical behaviour of bituminous lavers containing rigid inserts for eRoads". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03920982.
Texto completoIn general, four factors need to be accurately and simply accounted for on the design of flexible pavements: traffic and loading, environmental conditions, materials properties and failure criteria (HUANG, 2004). The inclusion of charge-while-drive technologies inside road infrastructures modifies not only the common disposal of layers, but also the overall response of the structure to thermal and mechanical loadings. In order to quantify the impact of these inclusions on the performance of flexible pavements, this study proposes both numerical and experimental methodologies to measure temperature, stress and strain evolutions within electrified roads (eRoads). By means of transient 2-D FEM thermo-viscoelastic simulations, traditional and electrified road profiles were subjected to daily temperature fluctuations and to traffic.The eRoad studied contains electrified rails embedded in the bituminous wearing course, a case of particular interest due to its direct exposure to traffic and climate. The response of the structures was analysed and compared to admissible values commonly assessed to predict distresses. In laboratory, a thermal test was proposed to evaluate eRoad specimens undergoing warm and cold cycles by means of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The strain fields measured numerically and experimentally lead to the same conclusion: the rigid inserts generate additional strain along the interface of the charging unit and the bituminous layer solely due to daily temperature fluctuations. The thermos-viscoelastic model proposed and the experimental set-up have a great potential to assess innovative pavement profiles (inductive and conductive eRoads)
Christnacher, Frank. "Etude de l'adaptation d'un système optique de reconnaissance de formes à un environnement sévère". Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0242.
Texto completoAkiki, Rana. "Développement d'un outil numérique pour la prévision de la fissuration d’une structure en béton de fibres sous impact". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN056/document.
Texto completoThe research work falls within the framework of the transportation and handling safety of radioactive waste containment packages. The goal is to develop a numerical tool capable of simulating the overall behaviour of a fiber concrete structure subject to a dynamic loading. It also gives access to more local information such as cracking, both in terms of path and opening. To do this, a set of mechanical tests is carried out in order to better understand the mechanisms of damage and cracking of the material under quasi-static and dynamic loading. The model capable of capturing on a global scale the non-linearities related to the cracking of the structure in a continuous framework is detailed. The parameters associated with the material constitutive law are identified via an identification procedure based on the experimental data of the conducted tests. The determination of dynamic cracking energy is investigated and the structural inertial part of this is underlined. Two numerical methods used to post-process the results of the global numerical simulations, giving access to finer information at the local scale, in terms of path and crack opening, are detailed. The study of a fiber-reinforced concrete beam subjected to a dynamic 1-point bending loading, post-processed with the two approaches, is presented. The results of the numerical post-processing are compared with those obtained experimentally by correlation of digital images
Fauchille, Anne-Laure. "Déterminismes microstructuraux et minéralogiques de la fissuration induite par dessiccation dans les argilites de Tournemire : apports couplés de la pétrographie quantitative et de la corrélation d'images numériques". Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2252/document.
Texto completoThis study is included in the issues of a nuclear waste storage in deep geological clay formations. It concerns the cracking phenomenon due to desaturation and saturation processes of the argillaceous medium on gallery walls of the Underground Laboratory of Tournemire (Aveyron, France). The work presented here aims to identify in laboratory the different mineralogical factors which control the cracking generated by humidity variations, coupling two methods: the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).Two clay rock samples were submitted to swelling/shrinkage processes by fast bumps or gradual humidity variations. The DIC method enabled to reveal the influence of humidity and water content on crack widths and deformations intensity to different scales. This study highlighted the part of humidity variations on evolution and width of crack networks while comparing the results obtained by different conditions of humidity variations.A mineralogical map was investigated on a millimeter field with high resolution on two clay rock samples. It allowed to: quantify the microstructural anisotropy of the rock, and estimate the size of a representative elementary surface of a microstructural system composed of coarse grains and clay matrix, for argillaceous areas.The DIC-SEM approach has shown the closed relation between the location of microstructural heterogeneities such as local proportion of coarse grains and clay matrix, medium size, length ratio and orientation of coarse grains, with the position of the hydric cracks
Heinzmann, Raphael. "Acoustic and mechanical responses of stable and unstable crack propagation in PMMA". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0028.
Texto completoTo provide valuable information for the design of robust and reliable non destructive testing (NDT) algorithms, combined time resolved Acoustic Emission (AE), Digital Image Correlation (DIC), and in-volume measurements with post-mortem fracture surface analysis are applied to tensile cracking experiments fort he purpose of AE localization, crack tip detection,and determination of crack front complexities and kinematics, respectively. The complete picture of the link between AE activities, state variables, fracture mechanisms, and finger printson the post-mortem fracture surface is established during controlled model experiments producing AE events of different physical phenomena.Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), conventionally deemed an exemplary model material,presents an ideal material of interest dueto its distinctive feature: the capability to exhibitan alternative mode of failure through a single crack propagation, leading to the developmentof two distinct controlled crack growth patterns.Furthermore, for the first time, such material/structural cyclic fracture behavior is examinedthrough the lens of linear elastic fracturemechanics (LEFM) by using in-situ High-Speed(HS) and Ultra-High-Speed (UHS) DIC. Energyrelease rates and crack velocities during fracture experiments are derived from full-field measurements using Williams’ series expansion. Fracture surfaces of post-mortem samples have been systematically analyzed using optical microscopy.This work provides key experimental data regardingt he improved understanding of a unified theoretical framework of crack instabilities
Affagard, Jean-Sébastien. "Identification des propriétés hyperélastiques des muscles de la cuisse à l'état passif : couplage des techniques de corrélation d'images aux techniques d'imagerie médicale". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975741.
Texto completoJailin, Clément. "Projection-based in-situ 4D mechanical testing". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN034/document.
Texto completoThe quantitative analysis of 3D volumes obtained from tomography allows models to be identified and validated. It consists of a sequence of three successive inverse problems: (i) volume reconstruction (ii) kinematic measurement from Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) and (iii) identification. The required very long acquisition times prevent fast phenomena from being captured.A measurement method, called Projection-based DVC (P-DVC), shortens the previous sequence and identifies the kinematics directly from the projections. The number of radiographs needed for tracking the time evolution of the test is thereby reduced from 500 to 1000 down to 2.This thesis extends this projection-based approach to further reduce the required data, letting faster phenomena be captured and pushing the limits of time resolution. Two main axes were developed:- On the one hand, the use of different spatial and temporal regularizations of the 4D fields (space/time) generalizes the P-DVC approach (with a known reference volume) to the exploitation of a single radiograph per loading step. Thus, the test can be carried out with no interruptions, in a few minutes instead of several days.- On the other hand, the measured motion can be used to correct the reconstructed volume itself. This observation leads to the proposition of a novel procedure for the joint determination of the volume and its kinematics (without prior knowledge) opening up new perspectives for material and medical imaging where sometimes motion cannot be interrupted.end{itemize}The development of these two axes opens up new ways of performing tests, faster and driven to the identification of key quantities of interest. These methods are compatible with the recent ``hardware" developments of fast tomography, both at synchrotron beamlines or laboratory and save several orders of magnitude in acquisition time and radiation dose