Literatura académica sobre el tema "Controllo esterno"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Controllo esterno"
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Di Pentima, Lorenza, Alessandro Toni y Grazia Attili. "L'impatto della violenza assistita sui minori: attaccamento, locus of control ed esiti psicopatologici". MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, n.º 2 (agosto de 2021): 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2021-002006.
Texto completoResumen
Obiettivo del presente studio è stato esplorare l'impatto della violenza assistita in famiglia da parte di minori sull'emergere di eventuali quadri sintomatologici, sulla costruzione dei loro legami di attaccamento e sulla strutturazione del locus of control. I partecipanti allo stu-dio sono stati minori (n = 30), vittime di violenza assistita in famiglia (età media: 11.57 an-ni, DS = 2.01), confrontati con un gruppo di controllo (n = 60; età media: 11.03 anni, DS = 1.96). Le ipotesi verificate sono state le seguenti: 1) le vittime di violenza assistita nel con-fronto con il gruppo di controllo hanno più frequentemente un attaccamento insicuro, valu-tato mediante il Separation Anxiety Test (Attili, 2001); 2) le vittime di violenza assistita rive-lano un assetto psicopatologico più severo, valutato mediante le Scale Psichiatriche di Au-tosomministrazione per Fanciulli e Adolescenti (Cianchetti & Sannio Fancello, 2001); 3) le vittime di violenza assistita hanno un locus of control più esterno, valutato mediante la Sca-la di Nowicki-Strickland (1973). Dai risultati emerge che i minori, testimoni di violenza in famiglia, rispetto al gruppo di controllo, hanno più di frequente un legame di attaccamento insicuro, in particolare di tipo evitante e, a seguire, di tipo ambivalente. Mostrano un assetto sintomatologico che comprende le dimensioni di ansia, depressione, disturbi alimentari psi-cogeni e sintomi somatici. Rivelano, infine, la presenza di più elevati livelli di locus of con-trol esterno.
2
Marchi, Luciano. "Editoriale. Controllo interno-esterno nella valutazione dei rischi e delle performance aziendali". MANAGEMENT CONTROL, n.º 3 (febrero de 2014): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/maco2013-003001.
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Cippitani, Roberto. "Il controllo dei progetti di ricerca: l'auditing esterno come strumento di conoscenza per la gestione dei progetti". PROJECT MANAGER (IL), n.º 16 (diciembre de 2013): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pm2013-016009.
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McWilliams, Nancy. "Il caso dell'angelo della misericordia autodistruttivo". RICERCA PSICOANALITICA, n.º 2 (mayo de 2012): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rpr2012-002003.
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L'articolo descrive alcuni scambi avvenuti durante il trattamento analitico con una paziente borderline, dai pattern spiccatamente auto frustranti. Scopo principale del presente lavoro č quello di suscitare un dibattito su un argomento che poco teorizzato negli ultimi anni, su cui i terapeuti hanno comunque bisogno di confrontare le proprie esperienze cliniche. In particolare, si vuole mettere in luce quanto le persone con funzionamento borderline abbiano bisogno che il terapeuta comprenda e insieme affronti sia i significati cocostruiti all'interno del rapporto terapeutico, sia la visione idiosincratica del mondo esterno del paziente. L'autrice propone le sue riflessioni con lo spirito di iniziare un dialogo su un problema clinico particolarmente difficile che non puň essere sviluppato appieno attraverso il normale utilizzo di studi a controllo randomizzato su particolari tecniche e nemmeno attraverso scambi clinici che riguardo le problematiche piů generali del processo terapeutico.
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Di Pentima, Lorenza y Alessandro Toni. "Il paradosso del lockdown da COVID-19: cosa accade alle donne e ai minori nei contesti maltrattanti". MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, n.º 3 (enero de 2021): 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2021-003002.
Texto completoResumen
Nel 2020, a causa della pandemia dovuta al virus SARS-CoV-2, in tutto il mondo è stato attivato il lockdown, richiedendo di rimanere nelle proprie abituazioni per frenare il contagio. Se l'isolamento domestico ha rappresentato la misura più efficace per limitare la diffusione del virus, per le vittime di violenza domestica, soprattutto donne e minori, ciò ha costituito un aumento del rischio di subire violenze fisiche, sessuali, psicologiche ed assistite. Molte le ragioni all'origine di tale fenomeno: l'incertezza dell'evoluzione della patologia e la precarietà economica hanno rappresentato fattori di maggiore stress, a cui si sono aggiunti la convivenza forzata tra la vittima e il suo abusante, e l'aumentato controllo di quest'ultimo, elementi che hanno incentivato il ripetersi degli episodi di violenza. Inoltre, per le vittime è stato quasi impossibile richiedere aiuto, poiché con il lockdown non si poteva lasciare la propria abitazione e i servizi del territorio non hanno potuto garantire una vigilanza continuativa sulle situazioni più a rischio. Infine, in accordo con la letteratura, è stato riscontrato che la maggior parte delle vittime, per il loro assetto psicologico, derivante dall'aver subito a lungo violenze di ogni tipo, ritengono di avere poco controllo sugli eventi e di non poter ricevere aiuto da parte degli altri; così per lo più hanno rinunciato a richiedere un intervento esterno per uscire dalla spirale della violenza.
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CRISTALLI, G., G. MERCANTE, L. MARUCCI, A. SORIANI, S. TELERA y G. SPRIANO. "Radioterapia intraoperatoria nei tumori maligni avanzati estesi all’orecchio medio: valutazione da uno studio retrospettivo". Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 36, n.º 2 (abril de 2016): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-486.
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Obiettivo dello studio è stato quello di valutare la sicurezza, l’efficacia e i risultati funzionali della radioterapia intraoperatoria (IORT) seguita dalla radioterapia a intensità modulata (IMRT) nel trattamento di tumori maligni avanzati estesi all’orecchio medio. Sono stati inclusi nello studio in modo retrospettivo 13 pazienti consecutive affetti da tumore dell’orecchio esterno esteso all’orecchio medio. Il follow-up è stato in media di 33 mesi (range 6-133). Cinque pazienti (38%) erano di stadio III e 8 pazienti (62%) erano di stadio IV secondo la classificazione dell’Università di Pittsburgh. Una petrosectomia laterale (LTBR) è stata eseguita in tutti i pazienti, la LTBR è stata associata a parotidectomia in 5 (38%) casi e a svuotamento latero-cervicale associato a parotidectomia in 6 (46%) casi. In tutti i casi si è effettuata asportazione della malattia macroscopicamente evidente. Il trattamento chirurgico è stato completato da IORT (12 Gy) e IMRT (50Gy). Chemioterapia adiuvante è stata eseguita in 4 (30%) casi. Test audiometrici pre- e post-operatori sono stati eseguiti per valutare la perdita uditiva. Il tasso di controllo di malattia locale (LC) a 5 anni, di metastasi a distanza (DM) a 5 anni, la sopravvivenza libera da malattia (DFS) e la sopravvivenza globale (OS) a 5 anni sono state calcolate con il metodo di Kaplan-Meyer. Variazioni significative nella conduzione per via ossea sono state osservate dopo trattamento. Una necrosi parziale del lembo di ricostruzione è stata l’unica complicanza precoce osservata in 3(23%) casi, mentre una fistola meningea è stata osservata in un solo caso (7,6%) come complicanza tardiva. Il tasso di LC è stato del 68%. Il tasso di DM è stato del 90%. Il tasso di DFS è stato del 61%. Il tasso di OS è stato del 69%. La IORT seguita dalla IMRT nel trattamento dei tumori maligni avanzati dell’orecchio esterno e medio sembra essere sicuro. Nel nostro studio non sono riportati morti. La IORT può ridurre la dose di radioterapia postoperatoria a livello del tessuto residuo ottenendo la medesima dose a livello della sede del tumore. Non abbiamo osservato alcuna complicanza a livello dell’orecchio esterno residuo, mentre si è notato un peggioramento dell’udito anche a livello neurosensoriale. Sono necessari studi prospettici al fine di confermare quanto da noi osservato.
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Eccher, Christian. "LA FUGA DALLA STORIA: OSVALDO RAMOUS". ZBORNIK ZA JEZIKE I KNJIŽEVNOSTI FILOZOFSKOG FAKULTETA U NOVOM SADU 2, n.º 2 (17 de diciembre de 2012): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/zjik.2012.2.329-343.
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Lo scopo di questo lavoro è l’analisi della poesia di Osvaldo Ramous, un artista fiumano che ha conosciuto tutte le fasi dello sviluppo del capoluogo quarnerino nel secolo scorso. Nato nella Fiume italiana, Ramous si ritrovò a vivere nella Rijeka jugoslava a partire dal 1945, quando la città passò sotto il controllo di Tito. Ramous si è sempre battuto per l’affermazione dei diritti della Comunità italiana dell’Istria e del Quarnero, ma nella sua poesia emerge il desiderio di fuggire dalla Storia. Il poeta fiumano vorrebbe trovare nella musicalità dei versi un riparo dalle tragedie che hanno scosso il Novecento, ma i tempi nuovi sembrano non lasciare più spazio a illusioni di sorta: la poesia non può più essere la parola innamorata avulsa dal contesto esterno, e proprio per questo la Storia sembra infilarsi sottilmente nelle poesie di Ramous sotto forma di improvvisi cambiamenti di ritmo e immagini che risvegliano il poeta stesso e il lettore dall’idillio della musicalità del verso. Tutte spie nevrotiche che segnalano traumi troppo forti per essere superati e diluiti nella creazione artistica.
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Oddo, Letizia. ""Quale mondo scelgo per me?" La scissione psichica come metafora politica." STUDI JUNGHIANI, n.º 52 (noviembre de 2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/jun52-2020oa9378.
Texto completoResumen
L'articolo prende spunto da un sogno, nel quale gli abitanti si trovano in un mondo improvvisamente spaccato in due, isolati gli uni dagli altri, per effetto di un cataclisma naturale. Come l'autrice cerca di evidenziare, la crescente tendenza della società occidentale contemporanea verso i processi dissociativi appare collegata alla dinamica di opposizione psichica fra naturale e artificiale, individuo e cosmo, soggetto e comunità.Il taglio, la scissione tra mondi, spazio interno e esterno, sono espressione di un paradigma economico volto al controllo, all'utile, al vantaggio competitivo, che nega il nesso di corrispondenza fra la sfera naturale e spirituale, politica e sociale. La coscienza individuale e collettiva, chiusa nella propria autoreferenzialità, sempre più incapace di integrare i contenuti dell'alterità e molteplicità, è soggetta a processi di scissione psichica, all'attivazione di emozioni, fantasie inconsce: ossessioni identitarie, fanatismi persecutori, infezioni psichiche. Si tratta, invece, di interrogarsi sulle possibilità di azione e collaborazione sociale e politica, di creatività psichica, là dove l'umano, il vivente, l'organico e l'inorganico si imprimono, si fanno natura e storia in una dinamica trasformativa, tra contraddizioni e generazioni.
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Oddo, Letizia. ""Quale mondo scelgo per me?" La scissione psichica come metafora politica." STUDI JUNGHIANI, n.º 52 (noviembre de 2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/jun2-2020oa9378.
Texto completoResumen
L'articolo prende spunto da un sogno, nel quale gli abitanti si trovano in un mondo improvvisamente spaccato in due, isolati gli uni dagli altri, per effetto di un cataclisma naturale. Come l'autrice cerca di evidenziare, la crescente tendenza della società occidentale contemporanea verso i processi dissociativi appare collegata alla dinamica di opposizione psichica fra naturale e artificiale, individuo e cosmo, soggetto e comunità.Il taglio, la scissione tra mondi, spazio interno e esterno, sono espressione di un paradigma economico volto al controllo, all'utile, al vantaggio competitivo, che nega il nesso di corrispondenza fra la sfera naturale e spirituale, politica e sociale. La coscienza individuale e collettiva, chiusa nella propria autoreferenzialità, sempre più incapace di integrare i contenuti dell'alterità e molteplicità, è soggetta a processi di scissione psichica, all'attivazione di emozioni, fantasie inconsce: ossessioni identitarie, fanatismi persecutori, infezioni psichiche. Si tratta, invece, di interrogarsi sulle possibilità di azione e collaborazione sociale e politica, di creatività psichica, là dove l'umano, il vivente, l'organico e l'inorganico si imprimono, si fanno natura e storia in una dinamica trasformativa, tra contraddizioni e generazioni.
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Del Baldo, Mara, Anna Maria Arcari y Marcantonio Ruisi. "Controllo di gestione nelle PMI e consulenti esterni". MANAGEMENT CONTROL, n.º 1 (marzo de 2019): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/maco2019-su1005.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Controllo esterno"
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DE, FERRARIIS ALESSANDRO. "Semplificazione ed effettività del sistema di controllo esterno nelle s.p.a". Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200967.
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Why a private matter, which is the s.p.a., should be compulsorily subjected to the
control of a third party, to the so-called external control?
In order to properly answer to this question it is necessary to analyze the interests
involved in the "life" of a corporation. In other words, if any irregularities in the
governance, reporting, accounting have only harmful effects with respect to those
persons who participating in that private business, there will be no reason for a
mandatory control that would only affect those who decide themselves to risk in
that private business. In that case, we could say that the external control, and in
particular the accounting control entrusted to the external auditor, should not be
mandatory, but it should be quite a free choice of the company, to be made at the
time of incorporation or in the course of the life of the company.
After a closer look, however, the interests involved in the life of a company are also
the interests of creditors and of third parties that have to choose whether to entertain
business relationships with that company.
In order to allow the shareholders, creditors and third parties to rely on the accuracy
of the data of the company, the lawmaker, over the years, has chosen to oblige the
company to appoint an external person (or entity) who, on his own liability, makes
a judgment on the regular bookkeeping. So if the auditor should make a positive
opinion, without remark, the third would have the assurance that the company’s
accounting data are true, correct and clear and, ultimately, for him reliable.
Historically, the audit has shown a substantial inefficiency, such as to determine,
or, in any case aggravate the crisis that in recent decades have affected the market.
In general, the activity of the auditor is to:
- checkout, at least quarterly, the regular bookkeeping and correct recording
process;
- verify the fairness of the financial statements.
The goal of our research is to understand if the external control system is currently
an effective control or if it is a mere formal control, with no real effect and therefore
devoid of any avail. At most, it is likely to be source of an increase in bureaucracy
and costs for the company.
Following the historical setting, we focused our attention, in particular, on the
statutory audit, as mandatory external control, set up in the 70s in the light of the
failure of the efficiency of the internal control board.
We quickly examined the US regulations and the different theories on liability of
gatekeepers expressed by overseas doctrine and jurisprudence.
In particular, we place our attention to the legislative changes that have affected
particularly the revision, in order to understand if the desired simplification of
controls is actually been achieved and whether these legislative changes permit –
i.e. oblige - effective control.
To our question, maybe we have to answer in the most disappointing way: the
external control system, as outlined in our regulation, is ineffective. The lawmaker
seems influenced by different interests, thus providing a discipline of compromise
between those interests. Once again, then, searching the inspiring principles of the
law reform, we will investigate the "interests inspirers".
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Spadaccino, Camilla <1996>. "La rappresentazione della maternità da parte delle artiste cinesi contemporanee: controllo esterno sul corpo delle donne e reazioni dall'interno". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21654.
Texto completoResumen
L’analisi alla base di questo elaborato parte dal presupposto che il controllo sulle scelte e sui corpi delle donne riguardanti le condizioni e i dettagli della gravidanza e dell'esperienza della maternità sia guidato da diverse forze: il Partito Comunista Cinese, la famiglia, il pensiero confuciano. Questi elementi hanno tuttora un peso nel contesto culturale cinese, avendo questi una storia e un’influenza rilevanti. Allo stesso tempo, le reazioni di chi ha vissuto queste dinamiche in prima persona sono importanti non solo in relazione alla conseguente produzione artistica da parte delle artiste cinesi, ma anche come empowerment, acquisito da donne e artiste grazie a un punto di vista, quando non un vissuto, diversi da quello della controparte maschile. È necessario prendere in considerazione la percezione e il significato dato alla maternità e al ruolo delle madri in Cina per cogliere il potere contemporaneo della rappresentazione della maternità. Tenendo in considerazione diversi elementi, tra cui quelli che continuano a definire standard e modelli della maternità, decostruire e ricostruire l'immagine delle madri in Cina sono una parte principale del discorso, a partire dalle teorie sociali e culturali fino al coinvolgimento del femminismo e all'arte contemporanea. Partendo da questa prospettiva, e citando anche artisti contemporanei cinesi, quando in relazione con la maternità, il mio elaborato si vuole concentrare sulla produzione successiva agli Ottanta del Novecento delle artiste cinesi contemporanee, in particolare di Lin Tianmiao, Xiang Jing, Yu Hong, Xing Danwen, He Chenyao, Patty Chang. Nel corso dello scorso secolo si è assistito a un crescente interesse per i diritti, le percezioni e le voci delle donne, ma mancano ancora rappresentazioni femminili e femministe di ciò che sappiamo essere tabù. Questo comprende anche la discriminazione di genere – affrontata in modo discontinuo nel corso del Novecento in Cina, ma sempre subordinata a questione di ordine e costruzione sociale ed economica del paese – e il pregiudizio per cui non vi possono essere madri femministe. Tenendo conto della storia delle madri cinesi e dei movimenti femministi globali, il tema della produzione contemporanea femminile cinese e della produzione di quest’ultime è ancora lontano dall'essere pienamente esplorato.
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Favaro, Riccardo <1991>. "Il nuovo sales manager: impatto delle Competenze e dei Comportamenti di Cittadinanza Organizzativa sul controllo interno ed esterno nella logica del channel management". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7314.
Texto completoResumen
Il sales manager ha il compito di esercitare il controllo consentendo al proprio team e all’azienda di raggiungere gli obiettivi prefissati. Tuttavia, a causa della dinamicità dell’ambiente di mercato globale, non è sufficiente che possegga le competenze necessarie a guidare il proprio team bensì deve saper estendere la propria influenza verso l’esterno al fine di creare politiche di sviluppo comuni per le aziende-partner di canale. Ciò ha condotto a una profonda modificazione del ruolo che ha progressivamente assunto una serie di connotazioni che lo rendono ibrido, frutto della commistione con varie aree aziendali e sempre più aperto verso il channel management. Le ultime tendenze prevedono che il sales manager sia un soggetto maggiormente dinamico, con una precisa valenza strategica e sempre più lontano dalla figura di semplice “supervenditore” legata ai modelli di sales management del passato. Questa tesi, partendo dalle indagini di Piercy et al. (2012) e Mehta et al. (2000), si pone l’obiettivo di verificare come venga esercitato il controllo interno ed esterno da parte dei sales manager operanti nei territori delle province di Padova e Treviso e intende far progredire il dibattito scientifico in materia di sales e channel management unendo e incrociando i risultati ottenuti rispondendo a inediti quesiti di ricerca.
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Pappalardi, Domenico. "Pharmaceutical filling machines: automated insertion for vials in tray using anthropomorphic robot and brushless motors". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17663/.
Texto completoResumen
L'attività di tesi è stata svolta su una riempitrice farmaceutica.
L’obiettivo di una macchina riempitrice farmaceutica è quello di processare prodotti farmaceutici. In particolare la macchina riceve in input le unità prodotto vuote e attraverso un processo automatizzato vengono effettuati su questi prodotti varie operazioni. L’obiettivo finale è quello di avere in uscita dalla macchina tutte le unità prodotto contenente il medicinale e pronte per essere utilizzate dal cliente.
La macchina in esame è suddivisa in varie unità. Ognuna di esse ha l’obiettivo di eseguire una certa operazione sulle unità prodotto.
Durante l’attività di tesi si è posta particolare importanza su un’unità della macchina. Questa unità ha il compito di estrarre tutte le unità prodotto che arrivano all'interno dei contenitori e depositarli su delle basi. Da queste basi l’unità a valle eseguirà la sua lavorazione.
In particolare, si è posta la maggior attenzione su unità prodotto contenuti in tray come ad esempio flaconi. Il problema è che questi flaconi si presentavano all’interno dei contenitori in maniera capovolta. L’ obiettivo era quello di fornirli all’unità successiva in maniera non capovolta.
Il problema è stato affrontato impiegando un robot antropomorfo a sei assi. È stato inoltre interfacciato per la prima volta al robot un asse esterno aggiuntivo che coordinandosi con il robot permette di effettuare il ribaltamento dei flaconi.
È stata infine sviluppata una soluzione capace di gestire e processare qualsiasi tipo di unità prodotto.
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Giner, Gil Marta. "Role of allyl esters in pest control". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/94147.
Texto completoResumen
Les propietats insecticides d’una sèrie d’esters d’al•lil va ésser avaluada en diferents insectes mitjançant diferents modes d’aplicació. L’acció per aplicació tòpica va variar en funció de l’ester d’al•lil aplicat. El cinamat i el naftoat d’al•lil van ser els compostos més actius front a ous i larves neonates de C. pomonella, G. molesta i L. botrana, mentre que el salicilat d’al•lil no va produir mortalitat a la major dosi assajada (10 mg/mL). El cinamat d’al•lil va ser l’únic ester actiu per aplicació tòpica en adults de A. pisum, mentre que tots els esters d’al•lil testatsvan ser actius en adults de T. castaneum.
Els esters d’al•lil assajats van produir una pèrdua de la viabilitat cel•lular en les línees cel•lulars d’insectes quan va èsser mesurda mitjançant dos metodologies diferents (MTT i Blau de tripà), degut a una disrupció de les membranes cel•lulars. El cinamat d’al•lil va ser el compost més actiu i les cèl•lules procedents de l’aparell digestiu de Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidòpter) les més sensibles. L’acció insecticida per ingestió va ser confirmada en larves de S. littoralis i C. pomonella, i en nimfes de A. pisum, senyalant l’aparell digestiu com a principal punt d’acció dels esters d’al•lil.
Els corresponents àcids i dicloropropilesters van mostrar una menor o igual acció insecticida que els corresponents esters d’al•lil, deguda també, a una acció en la membrana cel•lular. Les diferències en l’acció dels compostos seria deguda a diferències en les propietats lipofíliques dels compostos i la seva interacció amb les membranes cel•lulars.
Pel que fa a l’efecte dels esters d’al•lil en la comunicació química dels insectes, aquesta va tenir lloc en T. castaneum però no en A. pisum, el que es podria utilitzar per a mantenir els productes enmagatzemats lliures de T. castaneum. Pel que fa a C. pomonella i a L. botrana, tots els esters d’al•lil assajats van produir una resposta en les antenes dels mascles de C. pomonella, però tan sols el cinamat d’al•lil la va provocar en les femelles de C. pomonella i en mascles i femelles de L. botrana. Aquesta acció no es va veure reflexada en un increment de l’atracció de mascles cap a fonts amb l’ester d’al•lil i feromona en assajos en túnel de vent, però si en l’atracció de femelles. Aquest fet podria utilitzar-se per a incrementar el nombre de captures de femelles en trampes de feromona.
Aquests resultats suggereixen un paper dels esters d’al•lil en el control de plagues, especialment del cinamat d’al•lil.La acción insecticida de varios esteres de alilo fue testada en diversos insectos y mediante distintos modos de aplicación. La actividad por aplicación tópica varió en función del éster de alilo. El cinamato de alilo y el naftoato de alilo fueros los compuestos más activos en huevos y larvas neonatas de C. pomonella, G. molesta y L. botrana, mientras que el salicilato de alilo no produjo mortalidad a la dosis más alta testada (10 mg/mL). El cinamato de alilo fue el único éster activo por aplicación tópica en A. pisum mientras que todos los esteres testados lo fueron para T. castaneum. Los esteres de alilo estudiados produjeron pérdida de viabilidad celular en todas las líneas celulares de insectos cuando dicha viabilidad fue analizada mediante dos metodologías distintas (MTT y Azul de Tripano), y siendo ésta debida a la disrupción de la membrana celular. El cinamato de alilo fue el producto más activo, y las células del aparato digestivo de Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera) las más sensibles. La acción insecticida por ingestión en larvas de S. littoralis y C. pomonella, y en ninfas de A. pisum, fue confirmada y el aparato digestivo fue señalado como principal punto de acción de los esteres de alilo. Los correspondientes ácidos y dicloropropilesteres presentaron una menor o igual acción insecticida que los esteres de alilo siendo dicha acción también debida a un efecto en la membrana celular. Las diferencias en la acción de los distintos compuestos podrían ser debidas a diferencias en las propiedades lipofílicas de los compuestos y su interacción con las membranas celulares. Los esteres de alilo produjeron un efecto en la comunicación química de T. castaneum pero no en A. pisum, lo que podría utilizarse para mantener los productos almacenados libres de T. castaneum. En cuanto a C. pomonella y L. botrana, todos los esteres de alilo probados produjeron una respuesta en las antenas de los machos de C. pomonella, mientras que tan solo el cinamato de alilo la produjo en las antenas de hembras de C. pomonella y en machos y hembras de L. botrana. Esta respuesta no se tradujo en un aumento de la atracción de machos hacia cebos con mezclas de ester de alilo y feromona en ensayos de túnel de viento, pero si aumentó el número de hembras atraídas. Este hecho podría utilizarse par incrementar el número de hembras capturadas en trampas de feromona. Estos resultados, sugieren el papel de los esteres de alilo en el control de plagas, especialmente del cinamato de alilo.
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Papiano, Elena <1968>. "I controlli esterni e il coordinamento della finanza pubblica". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3331/1/TESI_DEF_PDF.pdf.
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Papiano, Elena <1968>. "I controlli esterni e il coordinamento della finanza pubblica". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3331/.
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Cardoso, Elba Guerrieri [UNESP]. "Estudo da atividade acaricida de ésteres de sacarose em ácaros (Acari) de Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87600.
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Visando analisar a atividade acaricida de ésteres de sacarose em organismos presentes em seringueiras, foram estudados os ácaros fitófagos Calacarus heveae (Eriophyidae), Tenuipalpus heveae (Tenuipalpidae) e Eutetranychus banksi (Tetranychidae), e predadores Euseius concordis, Euseius citrifolius e Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Phytoseiidae). Os resultados obtidos são promissores, pois as concentrações de ésteres de sacarose testadas foram capazes de controlar e alterar o ciclo de desenvolvimento dos fitófagos estudados. Houve diminuição da viabilidade dos ovos e alta taxa de mortalidade de larvas e indivíduos adultos. Quanto aos predadores, as concentrações de sucroésteres que foram eficientes para o controle dos fitófagos, não afetaram de forma significativa o seu desenvolvimento, porém causaram sua dispersão. Além de serem produtos biodegradáveis e de baixo impacto ambiental, os ésteres de sacarose mostraram-se eficientes no controle dos fitófagos sem causar alta mortalidades aos predadores estudados, o que viabiliza a utilização desses produtos em programas de manejo integrados de pragas.
Aiming to investigate the acaricid activity of sucrose esters in rubber trees organisms, the present study analyzed the phytophagous mites Calacarus heveae (Eriophyidae), Tenuipalpus heveae (Tenuipalpidae) and Eutetranychus banksi (Tetranychidae), and the predators Euseius concordis, Euseius citrifolius e Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Phytoseiidae). The results obtained were promising, since the tested concentrations of sucrose esters controlled and altered the developmental cycle of the phytophagous mites studied. The viability of the eggs was reduced and the mortality of larvae and adult individuals was high. The sucrose esters concentrations that were efficient to control the phytophagous mites didn t affect significantly the development of the predator ones, although the product caused their dispersion. Apart from being biodegradable products with low environmental impact risks, the sugar esters showed to be efficient to phytophagous mites control, without causing high mortalities to the predator ones, what viabilyzes the use of these products in integrated pests management program.
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Sabetti, Michela. "Controlli di qualita in radioterapia a fasci esterni con pellicole Gafchromic EBT3". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9434/.
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Il lavoro svolto per questa tesi è stato effettuato presso il reparto di Fisica Medica dell’Ospedale Bellaria di Bologna, e ha lo scopo di mettere in evidenza l’efficacia dell’utilizzo di pellicole Gafchromic EBT3 nei controlli di qualità effettuati sull’acceleratore lineare LINAC SynergyS per radioterapia a fasci esterni.
L’utilizzo continuo e prolungato dell’acceleratore durante i trattamenti radianti può causare nel tempo una perdita della calibrazione iniziale dei suoi componenti meccanici e dosimetrici: per questo è necessario controllarne periodicamente lo stato di funzionamento.
Lo scopo dei controlli di qualità è quindi quello di verificare che tale fenomeno non sia avvenuto, per garantire precisione e sicurezza durante l’irradiazione del paziente (essenziale per i trattamenti ad alta precisione come l’IMRT e il VMAT), richiedendo che il fascio erogato colpisca il tessuto malato e riducendo al minimo l’errore per evitare il danneggiamento dei tessuti sani circostanti.
I test effettuati sull’acceleratore lineare rientrano nel programma di assicurazione di qualità elaborato ed implementato a cura dei reparti di Fisica Medica e Radioterapia dell' Ospedale Bellaria di Bologna. Tale programma di assicurazione di qualità, è attuato per garantire che i risultati dei test rientrino nelle tolleranze meccaniche e dosimetriche previste dal protocollo dei controlli di qualità per le prove di stato e periodiche sull’acceleratore lineare in vigore all' AUSL di Bologna.
In particolare in questo lavoro di tesi sono state effettuate prove dosimetriche, quali la verifica dell’omogeneità e della simmetria del fascio radiante, e prove meccaniche quali la verifica della corrispondenza tra isocentro meccanico ed isocentro radiante.
Per queste verifiche sperimentali sono state utilizzate le pellicole radiocromiche Gafchromic EBT3; si tratta di dosimetri bidimensionali particolarmente adatti alla verifica dei trattamenti ad intensità modulata (IMRT, VMAT) che consentono un’accurata stima della distribuzione e dei gradienti di dose assorbita.
L'utilizzo delle pellicole Gafchromic EBT3 insieme al software FilmQA Pro si è rivelato uno strumento dosimetrico preciso, accurato e pratico per effettuare i controlli di qualità di base su un acceleratore lineare per radioterapia.
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Burns, Matthew. "Iterative reagent-controlled homologation of boronic esters". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658620.
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This thesis is concerned with developing a protocol for the reagent-controlled iterative homologation of boronic esters. Initial work focused on the synthesis of the highly enantioenriched Grignard reagent (5)-261 generated from sulfoxide (-)-anti-250 using a sulfoxide ligand exchange reaction. Grignard reagent (5)-261 has been successfully applied in the homologation of boronic esters 175 and (R)-176. However, it was found that Grignard reagent (5)-261 did not possess sufficiently high reactivity to homologate the sterically more hindered boronic ester 177. We therefore explored the use of highly enantioenriched Iithio derivatives as reagents for the homologation of boronic esters. Methods to generate Iithiated benzoates through a sulfoxide ligand exc~ange reaction proved fruitless as competing deprotonation occurred instead. A successful protocol was ultimately found in utilising the tin - lithium exchange reaction. A twostep procedure was developed that enabled the synthesis of either enantiomer of stannane 328 in 99.9 : 0.1 e.r.. Subjecting stannane 328 to a tin - lithium exchange generated Iithiated benzoate 272 which proved to be a highly effective reagent for the iterative homologation of boronic esters. Using Iithiated benzoate 272 we were able to rapidly construct molecules with ten contiguous stereocentres through an iterative homologation sequence. By choosing to use either (5)-272 or (R)-272 we have developed a system where any diastereoisomer can be synthesised. To demonstrate the potential of the methodology we have synthesised boronic esters 339,350 and 353. We have shown that by controlling. the configuration of the stereoecentres along a branched carbon chain we are able to control the conformation of the carbon backbone in the solid state. The alternating syn-anti diastereoisomer 350 causes the molecule to adopt a linear conformation in the solid state in order to minimise destabilising syn-pentane interactions. The all syn diastereoisomer, boronic ester 353 was successfully synthesised using our methodology. Additionally, we have shown that the crystalline derivative 355, adopts a helical conformation in the solid state, again to minimise destabilising syn-pentane interactions.
Libros sobre el tema "Controllo esterno"
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Istituto superiore di sanità (Italy). Gruppo di studio "Assicurazione di qualità in radioterapia.", ed. Controlli di qualità essenziali in radioterapia con fasci esterni. Roma: Istituto superiore di sanità, 1999.
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Libertà e dominio: Il sistema politico genovese : le relazioni esterne e il controllo del territorio. Roma: Viella, 2011.
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Li͡u, B. N. Fiziko-khimicheskie i biokiberneticheskie aspekty onkogeneza. Alma-Ata: "Gylym", 1991.
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Nisco, Attilio. Controlli sul mercato finanziario e responsabilità penale. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg245.
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Scandali finanziari e crisi più e meno recenti pongono un fondamentale interrogativo: a che servono molteplici meccanismi di controllo innanzi ad un ineliminabile rischio di “abusi di mercato” e di frodi nei confronti dei risparmiatori? La risposta del legislatore è rappresentata da un consistente moto di riforme intese a conferire nuovi doveri, poteri e, soprattutto, credibilità ai controlli, interni ed esterni alle società, nonché all’autorità di vigilanza sul mercato. È dato supporre che una simile palingenesi della funzione di controllo non possa non incidere sulla responsabilità penale dei suoi titolari, in particolare, per l’omesso impedimento dei reati commessi dagli organi esecutivi di una società, in danno di un interesse collettivo di recente emersione: il “risparmio”. Questo volume ricostruisce tale problematica, rivisitando temi classici, quali il reato omissivo improprio e la compartecipazione omissiva, alla luce delle questioni sollevate dall’assurgere delle organizzazioni societarie ad apparati procedurali complessi, entro i quali lo schema gerarchico e i tradizionali equilibri di potere subiscono una significativa metamorfosi. L’indagine costituisce occasione di riflessione sul concetto di “posizione di garanzia” e sulle sue possibilità di impiego, a tutela dei risparmiatori, nello scenario organizzativo delineato dal diritto delle società azionarie e del mercato finanziario.
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Quality Time for Quality Kids. New View Publications, 1995.
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Trimellitic Anhydride Health and Safety Guide (Health & Safety Guide). World Health Organization, 1992.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Controllo esterno"
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Fornari, François Xavier. "Control optimization and hardware translation of Esterel programs". En IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 183–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34920-6_18.
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Peters, John C. "Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester (Olestra)". En Weight Control and Slimming Ingredients in Food Technology, 43–54. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813819679.ch3.
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Mondière, Régis y Fides Benfatti. "Pyrethroid Esters for the Control of Insect Pests". En Bioactive Carboxylic Compound Classes: Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals, 453–66. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693931.ch34.
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Dufour, J. P., P. H. Malcorps y P. Silcock. "Control of Ester Synthesis During Brewery Fermentation". En Brewing Yeast Fermentation Performance, 213–33. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470696040.ch21.
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Gergely, Ildiko, Csaba Hegedüs, Jozsef Bakos, Frederik Menges, Andreas Pfaltz, Pier Giorgio Cozzi, Jing Wu et al. "Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Alkenes, Enones, Ene-Esters and Ene-Acids". En Regio- and Stereo- Controlled Oxidations and Reductions, 35–86. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470090244.ch2.
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Fogaça, R., M. A. Ouimet, L. H. Catalani y K. E. Uhrich. "Bioactive-Based Poly(anhydride-esters) and Blends for Controlled Drug Delivery". En ACS Symposium Series, 27–37. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1135.ch003.
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Wang, H. T., H. Palmer, R. J. Linhardt, D. R. Flanagan y E. Schmitt. "Controlled Release of Protein and Vaccines from Poly(Ester) Microspheres in Vitro". En Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Applications of Polymers, 239–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3858-5_25.
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Moad, Graeme, Albert G. Anderson, Frances Ercole, Charles H. J. Johnson, Julia Krstina, Catherine L. Moad, Ezio Rizzardo, Thomas H. Spurling y San H. Thang. "Controlled-Growth Free-Radical Polymerization of Methacrylate Esters: Reversible Chain Transfer versus Reversible Termination". En ACS Symposium Series, 332–60. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0685.ch021.
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Ydens, Isabelle, Philippe Degée, Jan Libiszowski, Andrzej Duda, Stanislaw Penczek y Philippe Dubois. "Controlled Synthesis of Amphiphilic Poly(methacrylate)-g-[poly(ester)/poly(ether)] Graft Terpolymers". En ACS Symposium Series, 283–98. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0854.ch020.
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Fellman, John K. y James P. Mattheis. "Ester Biosynthesis in Relation to Harvest Maturity and Controlled-Atmosphere Storage of Apples". En ACS Symposium Series, 149–62. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0596.ch014.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Controllo esterno"
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Brykczynski, Henriette y Eckhard Floter. "Crystallization of wax esters - a prerequisite to understand wax-based oleogels". En 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/aawe2824.
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From the range of oil structuring systems, waxes are a prime candidate to be taken into further consideration for product applications. In order to evaluate the structuring potential and tailor the properties of oleogels, it appears necessary to understand the mechanism of structuring and establish a relationship between composition, structure and functionality of the gels. Therefore, it is crucial to consider complex mixed gelators not as a ‘pure component’ but rather on a level of their molecular composition. Most natural waxes contain substantial amounts of wax esters being assigned to be decisive for the three-dimensional crystalline network waxes form when used as oleogelators. Diligent study of pre-existing XRD-data revealed that wax esters crystallize in two different crystal structures related to the position of their ester bond (symmetry). Wax esters with different total carbon numbers and symmetries were studied and characterized as neat component as well as in oleogels formed in medium-chained triglyceride oil at inclusion levels of 10 % (w/w). Regarding their thermal (DSC), viscoelastic (oscillatory rheology) and microstructural (BFM, cSEM) properties, single wax esters behave systematically, linked to their molecular make-up. Studying the behavior of oleogels structured by binary mixtures of wax esters revealed that chain length differences drive the solid phase mixing behavior. However, small chain length differences appear to induce crystallization in mixed structures, whereas large chain length differences induce separate crystallization of the wax esters. During storage, additional thermal events occur at specific mixing ratios, being related to compound formation or recrystallization of different crystal structures. To unravel the crystallization of wax esters and their contribution to the gelling behavior of natural waxes is necessary to control and to exploit their full potential as oleogelators in practical applications.
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Jakobsen, J. H. y M. R. Hansen. "Synthetic Esters and Dynamics of Pressure Compensated Proportional Directional Control Valves". En BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2018-8933.
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The purpose of this paper is to help reduce the uncertainty in behavior introduced when changing hydraulic oil from mineral oil (HLP) to biodegradable oil (synthetic esters - HEES) by comparing the behavior of proportional valves with HLP and with HEES at various temperatures. The focus of this article is on classic proportional valves used in the industry. The study is based on tests and modelling with characterization of dynamic behavior in mind. The characterization is based on tests of two pressure compensated proportional valves, one with closed loop control of the spool position, and one without. The two ester types tested are one based on a saturated, fully synthetic ester and a regular fully synthetic ester. The tests consist of steps and frequency responses. Both valves are tested at oil temperatures 20°C, 40°C and 60°C. The adopted models are based on a third order linear model with parameters identified using frequency responses from actual valve tests. The variation of amplitude and bias has some influence on the resulting frequency response especially at lower temperatures. But the general tendencies are unaffected by amplitude and bias. As expected a clear tendency for both valves of increasing dampening at decreasing temperatures is seen regardless of oil type, but the increase in dampening is similar for all oil types. The saturated ester leads to less bandwidth at lower temperatures for both valves, but the overall variations between all oil types stay within 1.66Hz of each other when tested with the same test parameters. The investigation indicates that the difference in dynamic characteristics at 20°C caused by the different oil types can not be explained with variations in any single one of the classic liquid properties density and viscosity and more investigations are needed to identify the cause.
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Kaminski, Martin. "MCPD and glycidyl esters - presentation of a modular analysis method for oils and fats as well as compound foods". En 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/fplf3753.
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3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) are processing contaminants mainly formed during the deodorization of refined vegetable and fish oils and pose a serious health risk due to their potential genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. In recent years, numerous standards have been published to analyze these contaminants by robust and accurate analytical methods in oils and fats (seven AOCS methods, four ISO standards), oil-based emulsions (one AOCS method), and infant formula (two AOAC first action methods). In addition, more and more additional food categories are coming into the focus of food safety and thus also of EU legislation. Therefore, a standardization group was established in Germany in 2019 with the aim to develop a method for the analysis of MCPD + GE in all relevant compound foods. This presentation will describe in detail how the method originally developed for compound foods can also be successfully used for the analysis of oils and fats. The method is based on slow basic ester cleavage followed by a cleanup and the detection by GC-MS/MS. Due to the modular design of the method for compound food, by simply omitting the extraction step, the method can be used for the analysis of oils and fats without further adaptations. The method meets all current performance requirements of the official food control in the EU. Limits of quantification are below 10 µg/kg for all three analytes. Laboratories using the method are thus able to analyse oils and fats as well as compound foods with a single established method, which significantly reduces the validation effort in the laboratory.
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Reinders, J. H., C. L. Verweii, J. A. V. Mourlk y Ph G. de Groot. "PERTURBATION OF CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ALTERS CELLULAR VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR DISTRIBUTION". En XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642912.
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Endothelial cells, cultured from human umbilical veins, synthesize von Willebrand Factor (vWF), that is stored by the cells in Weibel-Palade bodies, secreted into the medium and incorporated into the extracellular matrix underneath the cells. We have studied the influence of perturbation by phorbol esters and thrombin on the cellular distribution of vWF. Short-term (< 1 hour) treatment of endothelial cells with phorbol ester PMA or thrombin resulted in the release of cellular stored vWF. Long-term treatment with perturbants evoked a distinct change in the endothelial cell distribution of vWF, evident 24 to 48 hours after exposure. While the contents of the vWF storage vesicles were gradually restored within 48 hours, enhanced amounts of vWF were secreted into the medium. However, PMA did not increase the endothelial cell contents of mRNA encoding for vWF. The number as well as the size of vWF storage granules in the cells increased after exposure to perturbants. The perturbed cells responded to stimuli in releasing stored vWF, the amounts secreted were even greater than those in control cells. The extracellular matrix lost its vWF contents as the result of PMA or thrombin treatment, by blocking deposition of vWF in the matrix, not by enhancing degradation of matrix vWF. In perfusion experiments, the adhesion of washed platelets onto the isolated matrix of perturbed cells was considerable less than that in controls. Addition of vWF to the perfusate overcame this impairment. Thus, perturbation of endothelial cells changes the cellular distribution of vWF.Supported in part by ZWO grants 13-30-31 and 13-90-91 and Netherlands Heart Foundation grant 28.004.
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Bai, Xin-Lai, Yi-Yan Yang, Tai-Shung Chung, Steve Ng y Jorge Heller. "CONTROLLED RELEASE OF PROTEIN DRUG FROM POLY(ORTHO-ESTERS) MICROSPHERES". En Processing and Fabrication of Advanced Materials VIII. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811431_0021.
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Afseena, A., Joyce Jacob y P. Preetha. "Temperature Dielectric Spectrum Analysis of Soybean Ester Nanofluid, Mineral Oil and Soybean Ester Impregnated-Papers". En 2018 International Conference on Control, Power, Communication and Computing Technologies (ICCPCCT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccpcct.2018.8574272.
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Stevenson, Anna L., Allen J. Parker, Shawn A. Reggeti, Ajay K. Agrawal y Joshua A. Bittle. "Sooting Behavior of Commercial and Bio-Derived Butyl-Acetate/N-Heptane Blends in High-Pressure Spray Combustion Experiments". En ASME 2022 ICE Forward Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2022-90634.
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Abstract The desire to use diesel blended with biofuels has accelerated in an effort to reduce reliance on non-renewable resources as well as reduce emissions from the heavy-duty portion of the transportation sector. Of particular interest are oxygenated compounds, notably esters, which have the potential to reduce the sooting tendency of diesel fuel. Butyl-acetate (BA) is one such ester with favorable properties as a fuel additive though perhaps not an obvious choice for a mixing controlled compression ignition engine due to its low cetane number. Despite this, if demonstrated to be able to reduced soot emissions when blended with diesel this blend candidate may be worth more study as a new bio-derived, low-energy, microbial fermentation process for production of BA shows promise for cost effective, high volume production. In this study, a constant-pressure flow chamber is utilized to observe fuel injection, mixing, ignition and combustion characteristics of commercial- and bio-BA blended with diesel surrogate n-heptane as a first study of its kind in a diesel-like fuel spray. Rainbow schlieren deflectometry, OH* chemiluminescence, and two-color pyrometry are utilized to quantify global parameters including ignition delay time, liquid length, vapor penetration, lift-off length, and soot mass. The results presented show that blending BA into n-heptane is effective at reducing soot emissions; moreover, the commercial-BA blend and the bio-BA blend are equally effective at reducing soot emissions. Future work will explore more test conditions, different blend ratios, and engine operation.
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Anikina, L. M., O. R. Udalova y G. G. Panova. "Effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds with silicon-containing chelate microfertilizer on the growth and development of seedlings". En CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-2.
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The influence of pre-sowing seed treatment of spring wheat varieties ‘Ester’ and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ with silicon-containing chelate microfertilizer (SCM) on the seedlings’ growth and development was studied. Varietal differences of spring wheat in response to pre-sowing seed treatment with SCM were revealed. For both wheat varieties, this fertilizer stimulates the germination energy and germination itself. Thus, after SCM treatment at a concentration of 5 mg/l, there was a significant increase in ‘Ester’ seed germination energy (by 19 %) compared to control, as well as by 20–27 % in ‘Leningradskaya 6’ variety. More pronounced stimulating effect of SCM was observed for ‘Ester’ at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l; the same for ‘Leningradskaya 6’ – at a concentration of 3.0 and 5.0 mg/l.
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Rao, U. Mohan, Y. R. Sood y R. K. Jarial. "Transformer insulation technology with esters based dielectric fluids-bibliography survey". En 2016 IEEE 1st International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpeices.2016.7853406.
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Lazarus, Jay. "Fracture-controlled ground-water distribution adjacent to Los Esteros Reservoir, Guadalupe County, New Meixco". En 36th Annual Fall Field Conference. New Mexico Geological Society, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/ffc-36.325.
Texto completoInformes sobre el tema "Controllo esterno"
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Mudge, Christopher, Bradley Sartain, Benjamin Sperry y Kurt Getsinger. Efficacy of florpyrauxifen-benzyl for eurasian watermilfoil control and nontarget Illinois pondweed, elodea, and coontail response. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septiembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42063.
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This research evaluated low concentrations and short exposure times of the recently registered aquatic herbicide florpyrauxifen-benzyl (4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-benzyl ester) on the target plant Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L., hereafter referred to as EWM) as well as selectivity towards the nontarget submersed species Illinois pondweed (Potamogeton illinoensis Morong), elodea (Elodea canadensis Michx.), and coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.)
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Dudareva, Natalia, Alexander Vainstein, Eran Pichersky y David Weiss. Integrating biochemical and genomic approaches to elucidate C6-C2 volatile production: improvement of floral scent and fruit aroma. United States Department of Agriculture, septiembre de 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696514.bard.
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The specific objectives of approved proposal include to: 1. Elucidate the C6-C2 biochemical pathways leading to the biosynthesis of phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethyl alcohol and phenylethyl acetate in floral tissues of ornamentally important plants, pefunia and roses. 2. Isolate and characterrze genes responsible for the production of these C6-C2 compounds and those involved in the regulation of the pathway using genomic and transcriptomic tools. 3. Determine whether altering the expression of key genes of this pathway can result in changing the aroma characteristics of flowers. Aldehydes are intermediates in a variety of biochemical pathways including those involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, vitamins, steroids, amino acids, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, hormones, and lipids. In plants they are also synthesized in response to environmental stresses such as salinity, cold, and heat shock or as flavors and aromas in fruits and flowers. Phenylacetaldehyde along with 2-phenylethanol and its acetate ester, are important scent compounds in numerous flowers, including petunias and roses. However, little is known about the biosynthesis of these volatile compounds in plants. We have shown that the formation PHA and 2-phenylethanol from Phe does not occur via trans-cinnamic acid and instead competes with the key enzyme of phenypropanoid metabolism Pheammonia-lyase (PAL) for Phe utilization. Using functional genomic approach and comparative gene expression profiling, we have isolated and characterized a novel enzyme from petunia and rose flowers that catalyzes the formation of the Ca-Czcompound phenylacetaldehyde (PHA) from L-phenylalanine (Phe) by the removal of both the carboxyl and amino groups. This enzyme, designated as phenylacetaldehyde synthases (PAAS), is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the unprecedented efficient coupling of phenylalanine decarboxylation to oxidation, generating phenylacetaldehyde, CO2, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide in stoichiometric amounts. Down-regulation of PAAS expression via RNA interference-based (RNAi) technology in petunia resulted in no PHA emission when compared with controls. These plants also produced no 2-phenylethanol, supporting our conclusion that PHA is a precursor of 2-phenylethanol. To understand the regulation of scent formation in plants we have also generated transgenic petunia and tobacco plants expressing the rose alcohol acetyltransferase (RhAAT) gene under the control of a CaMV-35S promoter. Although the preferred substrate of RhAAT in vitro is geraniol, in transgenic petunia flowers, it used phenylethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol to produce the corresponding acetate esters, not generated by control flowers. These results strongly point to the dependence of volatile production on substrate availability. Analysis of the diurnal regulation of scent production in rose flowers revealed that although the daily emission of most scent compounds is synchronized, various independently evolved mechanisms control the production, accumulation and release of different volatiles. This research resulted in a fundamental discovery of biochemical pathway, enzymes and genes involved in biosynthesis of C6-C2s compounds, and provided the knowledge for future engineering plants for improved scent quality.
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Carpita, Nicholas C., Ruth Ben-Arie y Amnon Lers. Pectin Cross-Linking Dynamics and Wall Softening during Fruit Ripening. United States Department of Agriculture, julio de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585197.bard.
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Our study was designed to elucidate the chemical determinants of pectin cross-linking in developing fruits of apple and peach and to evaluate the role of breakage cross-linkages in swelling, softening, and cell separation during the ripening. Peaches cell walls soften and swell considerably during the ripening, whereas apples fruit cells maintain wall firmness but cells separate during late stages of ripening. We used a "double-reduction" technique to show that levels of non-methyl esters of polyuronic acid molecules were constant during the development and ripening and decreased only in overripe fruit. In peach, methyl and non-methyl esters increased during the development and decreased markedly during the ripening. Non-methyl ester linkages in both fruit decreased accompanied fruit softening. The identity of the second component of the linkage and its definitive role in the fruit softening remain elusive. In preliminary examination of isolated apples cell walls, we found that phenolic compounds accumulate early in wall development but decrease markedly during ripening. Quantitative texture analysis was used to correlate with changes to wall chemistry from the fresh-picked ripe stage to the stage during storage when the cell separation occurs. Cell wall composition is similar in all cultivars, with arabinose as the principal neutral sugar. Extensive de-branching of these highly branched arabinans pre-stages softening and cell-cell separation during over-ripening of apple. The longer 5-arabinans remain attached to the major pectic polymer rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) backbone. The degree of RG I branching, as judged from the ratios of 2-Rha:2,4-Rha, also decreases, specially after an extensive arabinan de-branching. Loss of the 4-Rham linkages correlated strongly with the softening of the fruit. Loss of the monomer or polymer linked to the RG I produce directly or indirectly the softening of the fruit. This result will help to understand the fruit softening and to have better control of the textural changes in fruit during the ripening and especially during the storage. 'Wooliness', an undesirable mealy texture that is induced during chilling of some peach cultivars, greatly reduces the fruit storage possibilities. In order to examine the hypothesis that the basis for this disorder is related to abnormality in the cell wall softening process we have carried out a comparative analysis using the resistant cultivar, Sunsnow, and a sensitive one, Hermosa. We investigated the activity of several pectin- and glycan-modifying enzymes and the expression of their genes during ripening, chilling, and subsequent shelf-life. The changes in carbohydrate status and in methyl vs. non-methyl uronate ester levels in the walls of these cultivars were examined as well to provide a basis for comparison of the relevant gene expression that may impact appearance of the wooly character. The activities of the specific polygalacturonase (PGase) and a CMC-cellulase activities are significantly elevated in walls of peaches that have become wooly. Cellulase activities correlated well with increased level of the transcript, but differential expression of PGase did not correspond with the observed pattern of mRNA accumulation. When expression of ethylene biosynthesis related genes was followed no significant differences in ACC synthase gene expression was observed in the wooly fruit while the normal activation of the ACC oxidase was partially repressed in the Hermosa wooly fruits. Normal ripening-related loss of the uronic acid-rich polymers was stalled in the wooly Hermosa inconsistent with the observed elevation in a specific PGase activity but consistent with PG gene expression. In general, analysis of the level of total esterification, degree of methyl esterification and level of non-methyl esters did not reveal any major alterations between the different fruit varieties or between normal and abnormal ripening. Some decrease in the level of uronic acids methyl esterification was observed for both Hermosa and Sunsnow undergoing ripening following storage at low temperature but not in fruits ripening after harvest. Our results support a role for imbalanced cell wall degradation as a basis for the chilling disorder. While these results do not support a role for the imbalance between PG and pectin methyl esterase (PME) activities as the basis for the disorder they suggest a possible role for imbalance between cellulose and other cell wall polymer degradation during the softening process.
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Zhao, Jing-yi, Zi-xiang Zhan, Meng-juan Lu, Fang-biao Tao, De Wu y Hui Gao. A systematic review of epidemiological studies on the association between organophosphate flame retardants and neurotoxicity. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, mayo de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0083.
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Review question / Objective: This study aims to collect published or unpublished related studies systematically and comprehensively, and screen out the articles that meets the quality standards for qualitative combination, so as to draw a relatively reliable comprehensive conclusion on the relationship of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) with neurodevelopmental toxicity. Eligibility criteria: In brief, epidemiological studies including cohort study, case-control study and cross-sectional survey were screened. Studies regarding relationships between human exposure to organophosphate esters and neurotoxicity were possible eligible for the present systematic review. The adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes included development of cognition, behavior, motor, brain change, emotion, etc. Studies that did not meet the above criteria were not included in this systematic review.
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Gao, Hui, Chen Gong, Shi-chun Shen, Jia-ying Zhao, Dou-dou Xu, Fang-biao Tao, Yang Wang y Xiao-chen Fan. A systematic review on the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and childhood glycolipid metabolism and blood pressure: evidence from epidemiological studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, junio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0111.
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Review question / Objective: The present systematic review was performed to obtain a summary of epidemiological evidence on the relationships of in utero exposure to phthalates with childhood glycolipid metabolism and blood pressure. Condition being studied: Childhood cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure, lipid profile (e.g., triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL−C, LDL−C) and glucose metabolism (e.g., insulin, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, glucose) were the interested outcomes. Eligibility criteria: In brief, epidemiological studies including cohort study, case-control study and cross-sectional survey were screened. Studies regarding relationships between human exposure to organophosphate esters and neurotoxicity were possible eligible for the present systematic review. The adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes included development of cognition, behavior, motor, brain change, emotion, etc. Studies that did not meet the above criteria were not included in this systematic review.
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Joshi, Navalkishore N., Chongsuh Pyun, Verinder K. Mahindroo, Bakthan Singaram y Herbert C. Brown. Chiral Synthesis via Organoboranes. 33. The Controlled Reaction of B- Alkydiisopinocampheylboranes with Aldehydes Providing a Convenient Procedure for the Enantiomeric Enrichment of the Boronic Ester Products Through Kinetic Resolution. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, junio de 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238257.
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Rouseff, Russell L. y Michael Naim. Characterization of Unidentified Potent Flavor Changes during Processing and Storage of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. United States Department of Agriculture, septiembre de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585191.bard.
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Citrus juice flavor quality traditionally diminishes after thermal processing and continuously during storage. Our prior studies found that four of the five most potent off-aromas formed during orange juice storage had not been identified. The primary emphasis of this project was to characterize and identify those potent flavor degrading aroma volatiles so that methods to control them could be developed and final flavor quality improved. Our original objectives included: 1 Isolate and characterize the most important unidentified aroma impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization and storage. 2. Determination of thiamine and carotenoid thermal decomposition and Strecker degradation pathways in model solutions as possible precursors for the unidentified off-flavors. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an "electronic nose" to differentiate the headspace aromas of from untreated and heat pasteurized orange and grapefruit juices. 4. Use model systems of citrus juices to investigate the three possible precursor pathways (from 2) for flavor impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization or storage. RESULTS - The components responsible for citrus storage off flavors and their putative precursors have now been identified. Certain carotenoids (b-carotene) can thermally degrade to produce b-ionone and b-damascenone which are floral and tobacco smelling respectively. Our GC-O and sensory experiments indicated that b-damascenone is a potential storage off-flavor in orange juice. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) degradation produces 2-methyl-3-furan thiol, MFT, and its dimer bis(2- methyl-3-furyl) disulfide which both produce meaty, savory aromas. GC-O and sensory studies indicated that MFT is another storage off-flavor. Methional (potato aroma) is another off flavor produced primarily from the reaction of the native amino acid, methionine, and oxidized ascorbic acid (vitamin C). This is a newly discovered pathway for the production of methional and is more dominant in juices than the classic Maillard reaction. These newly identified off flavors diminish the flavor quality of citrus juices as they distort the flavor balance and introduce non-typical aromas to the juice flavor profile. In addition, we have demonstrated that some of the poor flavor quality citrus juice found in the market place is not only from the production of these and other off flavors but also due to the absence of desirable flavor components including several potent aldehydes and a few esters. The absence of these compounds appears to be due to incomplete flavor volatile restoration after the making of juice concentrates. We are the first to demonstrate that not all flavor volatiles are removed along with water in the production of juice concentrate. In the case of grapefruit juice we have documented which flavor volatiles are completely removed, which are partially removed and which actually increase because of the thermal process. Since more that half of all citrus juices is made into concentrate, this information will allow producers to more accurately restore the original flavor components and produce a juice with a more natural flavor. IMPLICATIONS - We have shown that the aroma of citrus juices is controlled by only 1-2% of the total volatiles. The vast majority of other volatiles have little to no direct aroma activity. The critical volatiles have now been identified. The ability to produce high quality citrus juices requires that manufacturers know which chemical components control aroma and flavor. In addition to identifying the critical flavor components (both positive and negative), we have also identified several precursors. The behavior of these key aroma compounds and their precursors during common manufacturing and storage conditions has been documented so manufacturers in Israel and the US can alter production practices to minimize the negative ones and maximize the positive ones.
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Hefetz, Abraham y Justin O. Schmidt. Use of Bee-Borne Attractants for Pollination of Nonrewarding Flowers: Model System of Male-Sterile Tomato Flowers. United States Department of Agriculture, octubre de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586462.bard.
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The use of bee natural product for enhancing pollination is especially valuable in problematic crops that are generally avoided by bees. In the present research we attempted to enhance bee visitation to Male Sterile (M-S) tomato flowers generally used in the production of hybrid seeds. These flowers that lack both pollen and nectar are unattractive to bees that learn rapidly to avoid them. The specific objects were to elucidate the chemical composition of the exocrine products of two bumble bee species the North American Bombus impatiens and the Israeli B. terrestris. Of these, to isolate and identify a bee attractant which when sprayed on M-S tomato flowers will enhance bee visitation, and to provide a procedure of the pheromone application regime. During the research we realized that our knowledge of B. impatiens is too little and we narrowed the objective to learning the basic social behavior of the bees and the pattern of foraging in a flight chamber and how it is affected by biogenic amines. Colonies of B. impatiens are characterized by a high number of workers and a relatively small number of queens. Size differences between queens and workers are pronounced and the queen seems to have full control over egg laying. Only about 9% of the workers in mature colonies had mature oocytes, and there were no signs of a "competition phase" as we know in B. terrestris. Queens and workers differ in their exocrine bouquet. Queen's Dufour's gland possesses a series of linear, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons whereas that of workers contains in addition a series of wax-type esters. Bees were trained to either visit or avoid artificially scented electronic flowers in a flight chamber. Since bee also learned to avoid scented non-rewarding flowers we attempted to interfere with this learning. We tested the effect of octopamine, a biogenic amine affecting bee behavior, on the choice behavior of free-flying bumblebees. Our results show that octopamine had no significant effect on the bees' equilibrium choice or on the overall rate of the behavioral change in response to the change in reward. Rather, octopamine significantly affected the time interval between the change in reward status and the initiation of behavioral change in the bee. In B. terrestris we studied the foraging pattern of the bees on tomato flowers in a semi commercial greenhouse in Yad Mordechai. Bee learned very quickly to avoid the non- rewarding M-S flowers, irrespective of their arrangement in the plot, i.e., their mixing with normal, pollen bearing flowers. However, bees seem to "forget" this information during the night since the foraging pattern repeats itself the next morning. Several exocrine products were tested as visitation enhancers. Among these, tarsal gland extracts are the most attractive. The compounds identified in the tarsal gland extract are mostly linear saturated hydrocarbons with small amounts of unsaturated ones. Application was performed every second day on leaves in selected inflorescences. Bee visitation increased significantly in the treated inflorescences as compared to the control, solvent treated. Treatment of the anthers cone was more effective than on the flower petals or the surrounding leaves. Methanol proved to be a non-flower-destructive solvent. We have shown that bumble bees (B. terrestris) can be manipulated by bee-borne attractants to visit non-rewarding flowers. We have further demonstrated that the bees learning ability can be manipulated by applying exogenously octopamine. Both methods can be additively applied in enhancing pollination of desired crops. Such manipulation will be especially useful in tomato cultivation for hybrid seed production.