Tesis sobre el tema "Contrôle de l’espace urbain"
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Baudry, Pagnac Héloïse. "L’intégration de la prévention de la malveillance aux démarches de qualité environnementale de l’espace public". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14868.
Crime prevention through urban design and planning includes specifically the feeling of safety and contributes to the users’ comfort in public spaces. Beyond, the quality of life in public spaces and sustainability are taken into account in crime prevention. Today, in a perspective of sustainability and green approach, this research shows that it is necessary to considerer crime prevention combined with a sustainable approach for public spaces. Crime prevention and sustainable design have different origins : one is based on criminology applied to urban design and the other is based on sustainability. However, they both work on the same case study : the city. We have developed a specific methodology which gathers crime prevention and a sustainable approach for urban design. This methodology therefore mixes different green approaches with the French law on crime prevention to analyse and improve the interventions in the urban areas
Ebilitigué, Ines. "Réseaux virtuels et commerces ethniques : une dynamique entre l’espace des flux et l’espace urbain". Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100152/document.
This research deals with the future of the urban space in a context marked by the Technologies of Information and Communication (ICT). This subject is approached by the prism of the ethnic businesses situated in three localities, Parisian and regional. The outlook is focused on these places to understand why ICT are included in those spaces open to the public.Three hypotheses are suggested. First, The ICT are included in the businesses thanks to the commercial message diffused through the setting up of goods. Then, the networking of businesses can be explained by the need which the migrants have to maintain the links with their cultural origins and their family, lastly through the membership of the storekeepers in the community of the migrants.The methodology favors the methods of qualitative investigation coming from the anthropology and the micro-sociology. The empirical data allows a validation of the hypotheses. The analysis of those data underline first that, in the network society, urban places don’t disappear. Among them, the ethnic shops are areas of socialization of the virtual networks by placing them at the same level as the offers of the goods and the trade services. Then, the space produced by those businesses offers to the main clientele the possibility of preserving its anchoring in the urban places while being mobile and virtually mobile. By this last idea, this research shows that the ethnic business and ICT are articulated tools which the migrants and their family situated abroad know how to seize to allow an evolution of their daily situations and projects. This analysis gives possibility to considered migrants out terms of the digital divide, and as integrated into the networks society. This new figure of migrant has overtaken the situation of double presence in their origin country and to their family living there, to actually know situations of multiple presences in this country and to their relatives
Redondo, Belinda. "Le partenariat art public/tramway : appréhender l’espace urbain autrement". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1156.
The implementation of a public art commission around the tram lines blooms in France. Present into the main french agglomerations, nobody can remain indifferent in front of the scale of such an approach, which besides raises many questions, including that of its own urbanistic relevance. This initiative certainly gives birth to an original partnership between a facelifted urban transport mode and a public art, which seems to aspire to be closer than ever towards city dwellers. But in front of contrasted results, it would be wise to examinate the future of such a partnership, in the light of an urbanistic, sensory, semiotic and philosophic study. Through a pluridisciplinary analysis of partnership projects (Paris, Nice among others), several lines of approach attempt to bring elements of answer. At the same times, this study proposes a new conceptual perspective for emphasize this partnership, which delivers a new way of seeing and perceiving the city. It redefines the primary functions of the public art and the tram, both urban elements which compose it
Chabi, Moïse. "Métropolisation et dynamiques périurbaines : cas de l’espace urbain de Cotonou". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100166/document.
Metropolisation is one of the processes responsible for the spatial reconstruction in West Africa. This process is underpinned by for pillars that the found a metropolitan system. We come to identify an approach that allows as to understand the different movements between the center and the periphery.Insert Cotonou in the network of the famous cities is the wish of the Benin political actors. But the desire to city play an more important role in the West Africa region is not always in line with approach of managers and the level of the organization of the urban community. First the difficulties of man live and in an environment inhospitable at the beginning, but forced to bear a heavy load make man’s relation with his environment at the tense. As the environment is not controlled and well managed, is negatively affects the process of metropolisation. Second, the policy of local actors is characterized by carelessness and the lack of strategically thinking about the the future and the role of the pole of the metropolitan area. The analysis of the evolution of the urban policy shows there phases, but the perception of political actors on the city has remained constant since independence. On the economic angle, Benin city is dominated by the informal, which causes problems to everything which is official and determines the morphology of the metropolitan area. Although the architectural and functional changes are obvious, you wonder if this type of economy is an affective pillar. On the contrary, the on which is on social values, such as affection, is not negligible in the reconstruction of urban society. They influence the decision of actors, encouraging either to act in favour of the one country or to abandon it. Production by a variety of situations including the affects of an unhealthy environment, the analysis of the affection for Cotonou and is periphery shows that it is an important element of the city’s axis which promotes suburbanization. The balances of power between these have spatial effects. Responsible for the current state of the Benin metropolis, they determine its spatial configurations. Moreover, Cotonou seems to be in a phase of passive or ‘’incomplete metropolisation”, will the actors have or will they provide the means to meet the challenges for a full or active metropolisation ?
Lisi, Cosimo. "Paris et l'origine coloniale de la ville contemporaine : accumulation primitive, production de l'espace, pratiques artistiques, production de subjectivité (XIXe et Xxe siècles)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080012.
In this research, I genealogically trace the progressive emergence of an articulation between artistical-cultural production and capitalist pro- duction in the urban shaping of Paris. I retain a long time (19th and 20th centuries) . At first, I consider how the early 2000s smart city model ab- sorbed and domesticated the radical claim by 1960s aesthetic movements to overcome art as a contemplative relationship. Whereas those move- ments posited the intimate connection between aesthetic and social pro- duction, the city following the capitalist restructuration present itself as a« fantasmagoric » unity. I then retrieve the deep conflicts structuring such apparent unity showing how contemporary urbanscape directly reorgan- ized colonial technologies, such as cartography and identification. The colonial matrix of urban governance highlights that segregating policies are at the heart of the aesthetic model of structuring both social partici- pation and neo-colonial exclusion within the contemporary urban space. Continuous primitive accumulation is a reading key of the process taken into consideration
Buchakjian, Gregory. "Habitats abandonnés de Beyrouth. Guerres et mutations de l’espace urbain : 1860-2015". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040080.
In a rapidly changing Beirut, neglected dwellings are places in abeyance, condemned to disappear as a result of land speculation. Our research aims at examining the transformations that these obsolete architectures undergo. The study, carried on site (nearly 750 buildings have been identified), based on archives, testimonies and oral history, also re-examines artistic endeavours and the way artists have viewed the city, which is particularly important considering that its trigger has been a photographic project undertaken by the author. Three chapters are devoted to belligerent activities. The first, on the “Battle of the hotels”, addresses contested space; the second explores the demarcation line and the third examines the military barracks, prisons, and torture centres. The fourth covers informal dwellings, squatted buildings and other reappropriations. It observes the background of entangled features stemming from migration flows that were triggered by the violence of war, or rather wars
Hillaire, Norbert. "Les machines de pensée : dans l’espace littéraire, artistique et urbain : travaux 1985-1995". Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA084173.
Gayon, Ngomané Clémentine. "Le contrôle juridique de l'aménagement urbain au Cameroun". Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT4024.
Leloutre, Gery. "La transformation moderne de Bruxelles: Processus d’agencement de l’espace urbain bruxellois entre 1949 et 1979". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/311995.
Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Brière-Haquet, Alice. "Il était une fois la ville : les réécritures des contes de Perrault dans l’espace urbain". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040194.
Once upon a time there were rewritten fairy tales, a very dynamic product in today’s publishing world. Updated fairy tales are the most common type: many Little Red Riding Hoods or Pusses in Boots are now walking through cities, meeting wolves who drive cars or ogres running industrial empires. Though parodies may be amusing, fun is not their only function. Intercrossing the urban imaginary with the fairy-tale means putting two referential universes face to face, each one gauging the other: traditional plots, inherited from classic tales, are twisted and corrected to fit new ideologies, and meanwhile the wonderland judges reality, with its concrete, its traffic, and its capitalist logic, so that in the end, it is the city which is reborn of the fairy tale experience. But the phenomenon should be replaced within the history of the genre. Thanks to recent academic studies, we can re-contextualize the emergence of the fairy tale in the European literary stage, and we have to note that updating fairy tales is not a contemporary practice, but could indeed be a generic characteristic. Perrault, already, by the scenography of the old maid telling tales to young kids, offered his urban public falsely naive stories, inviting them to look above the illusion of fiction, in order to find the “Morale trés-sensée”, the very wise moral. Therefore, because of their intrinsically polyphonic nature, fairy tales exist less within a logic of transmission than within a logic of conversation between generations, and for that they should be considered myths of modernity
Funari, Fernando <1986>. "L’espace urbain indien dans la littérature européenne au XXème siecle. Pour une perspective post-orientaliste". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6853/1/funari_fernando_tesi.pdf.
The emergence of the Edward Said’s theory of "imaginative geography" (“Orientalism”, 1978), over the last thirty years, has imposed to textual criticism a purely socio-political (Gramscian and Foucauldian) orientation, offering a single interpretation of a heterogeneous corpus of texts (scientific and artistic, ancient and modern) having in common the characteristics of "representing the East". It follows that the European construction of the Oriental space is not just a misunderstanding, but a tendentious representation aiming to support Western imperialism. In particular, the "feminized" representation of eastern geography (as the theatre of the exploit of the white male) is supposed to allow the political subjugation and the economic exploitation of the countries to the East of Europe. If “Orientalism” has experienced mixed fortunes since its publication in the 80ies, in recent years, a real anti-saidian current has gained strength. The thesis a aims to show the limits of the saïdien theoretical approach through the analysis of about thirty French, Belgian, English and Italian works of the 20th century, focusing on examination of the representation of Indian urban space in contemporary European literature. More specifically, a study of the new models and structures of the Indian space’s feminization will try to contribute in filling the gap in the studies of the saidian perspective towards the approach of “post-orientalism”.
L'affermarsi della teoria della « imaginative geography » di Edward Saïd (Orientalism, 1978), nell'arco degli ultimi trent'anni, ha imposto un orientamento prettamente sociopolitico, gramsciano e foucaultiano alla critica del testo, proponendo un'unica soluzione interpretativa per un corpus eterogeneo di testi (scientifici e artistici, antichi e moderni) accomunati dal fatto di « rappresentare l'Oriente ». La costruzione europea dello spazio orientale, dice Saïd, non rappresenta solo un misconoscimento dell'Altro, ma una sua rappresentazione tendenziosa e finalizzata a sostenere la macchina dell'imperialismo occidentale. In particolare, la rappresentazione « femminilizzata » della geografia orientale (come luogo dell'exploit del maschio bianco) preparebbe e accompagnerebbe l'impresa di assoggettamento politico e di sfruttamento economico dei paesi ad Est dell'Europa. Se Orientalism ha conosciuto fortune alterne dall'anno della sua apparizione, negli ultimi anni una vera e propria corrente anti-saidiana ha preso forza, soprattutto in ambito francese. Attraverso l'analisi di circa trenta opere francesi, belga, inglesi e italiane del Novecento, questa tesi cerca di visualizzare i limiti teorici della prospettiva saidiana rivolgendosi a un esame della rappresentazione dello spazio urbano indiano nella letteratura europea contemporanea. Nello specifico, uno studio delle nuove strutture e dei nuovi modelli della femminilizzazione dello spazio orientale indiano cercherà di completare – superandolo in direzione di un « post-orientalismo » – il riduzionismo della prospettiva saidiana.
Funari, Fernando <1986>. "L’espace urbain indien dans la littérature européenne au XXème siecle. Pour une perspective post-orientaliste". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6853/.
The emergence of the Edward Said’s theory of "imaginative geography" (“Orientalism”, 1978), over the last thirty years, has imposed to textual criticism a purely socio-political (Gramscian and Foucauldian) orientation, offering a single interpretation of a heterogeneous corpus of texts (scientific and artistic, ancient and modern) having in common the characteristics of "representing the East". It follows that the European construction of the Oriental space is not just a misunderstanding, but a tendentious representation aiming to support Western imperialism. In particular, the "feminized" representation of eastern geography (as the theatre of the exploit of the white male) is supposed to allow the political subjugation and the economic exploitation of the countries to the East of Europe. If “Orientalism” has experienced mixed fortunes since its publication in the 80ies, in recent years, a real anti-saidian current has gained strength. The thesis a aims to show the limits of the saïdien theoretical approach through the analysis of about thirty French, Belgian, English and Italian works of the 20th century, focusing on examination of the representation of Indian urban space in contemporary European literature. More specifically, a study of the new models and structures of the Indian space’s feminization will try to contribute in filling the gap in the studies of the saidian perspective towards the approach of “post-orientalism”.
L'affermarsi della teoria della « imaginative geography » di Edward Saïd (Orientalism, 1978), nell'arco degli ultimi trent'anni, ha imposto un orientamento prettamente sociopolitico, gramsciano e foucaultiano alla critica del testo, proponendo un'unica soluzione interpretativa per un corpus eterogeneo di testi (scientifici e artistici, antichi e moderni) accomunati dal fatto di « rappresentare l'Oriente ». La costruzione europea dello spazio orientale, dice Saïd, non rappresenta solo un misconoscimento dell'Altro, ma una sua rappresentazione tendenziosa e finalizzata a sostenere la macchina dell'imperialismo occidentale. In particolare, la rappresentazione « femminilizzata » della geografia orientale (come luogo dell'exploit del maschio bianco) preparebbe e accompagnerebbe l'impresa di assoggettamento politico e di sfruttamento economico dei paesi ad Est dell'Europa. Se Orientalism ha conosciuto fortune alterne dall'anno della sua apparizione, negli ultimi anni una vera e propria corrente anti-saidiana ha preso forza, soprattutto in ambito francese. Attraverso l'analisi di circa trenta opere francesi, belga, inglesi e italiane del Novecento, questa tesi cerca di visualizzare i limiti teorici della prospettiva saidiana rivolgendosi a un esame della rappresentazione dello spazio urbano indiano nella letteratura europea contemporanea. Nello specifico, uno studio delle nuove strutture e dei nuovi modelli della femminilizzazione dello spazio orientale indiano cercherà di completare – superandolo in direzione di un « post-orientalismo » – il riduzionismo della prospettiva saidiana.
Cambone, Marie. "La médiation patrimoniale à l’épreuve du « numérique » : Analyse de dispositifs de médiation de l’espace urbain patrimonial". Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG1160/document.
At the beginning of our research in 2010, there was great interest in the advent of the digital era and its impact in the field of cultural heritage. In light of this and the increasingly numerous debates about it, we wondered what “digital phenomena” adds to (or detracts from) the cultural heritage experience. The change of support does not necessarily (rarely even) changes heritage mediation practices, therefore, for the purposes of this research, the term digital refers not to digital technology but the concept of “digital” as a social phenomenon with everything that this implies through speeches, imagination, practices and expectations. To move beyond the discussions about technology, we have chosen to study a limited number of fields (the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris and the Mont-Royal in Montreal) and opt for a socio-semiotic approach. This thesis shows that a same device, the interactive map, can offer multiple possibilities for cultural mediation, between documentary mediation and cultural mediation. It also calls into question a possible reconfiguration of the roles of mediator and visitor in the digital forum: far from upsetting the function and identity of heritage institutions, digital devices implemented in these two fields strengthen their legitimacy as cultural mediators
Yim, Dongkun. "Gouverner séoul : orgnisation de l'espace urbain et contrôle des populations". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070098.
On the development of Seoul, from a city of the third world to an economic and political metropolis, scientific studies are few with difficulty in explaining the mechanisms and conditions of this remarkable evolution. The objective of this thesis is to study the development of Seoul in multidisciplinary and consistent ways. Foucault's lectures in the late 1970s, especially the idea of "dispositif' acting on the population, territory and security, we provide a geographic intuition as an issue of our thesis. A study of the city in the process of metropolization inevitably requires the analysis of mechanisms of power that controls the incessantly growing populations and the intervention of infrastructure construction. For the geography of Seoul, we begin with demographic studies, reflections on urban planning and "social" management of an urban environment by these governmental practices. It was the "genealogy" of the dispositifs of Seoul: evolution of the identification system, the development of urban administration, implementation of urban and regional planning and construction of housing for the middle class, which is the technique of the power to "agencer" the population. Our research work is therefore an explanation of the evolution of Seoul whose processes are based on dispositifs both disciplinary and libertarians. This results in enforcement of the ruling class and the mobilization of capital, but also by the emergence of the middle classes, now central phenqmenon in the metropolis
Gao, Zengrong. "Croisement entre l’espace réel et l’espace virtuel au sein des sociétés contemporaines européenne et chinoise en mutation : projet urbain à l'œuvre d'art pour réinventer les espaces publics". Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080021.
To survive, human beings have created their own “living environment” throughout their evolution to protect themselves from dangers and facilitate their existence. Cities were formed to fulfill these needs, to perform different spacial functions and to present the comfort for living. The continuing demand and expression have distinguished cities from each other, so that we can experience the beauty of difference. During the Renaissance, Europeans were inspired by ancient Greece with their public places' structures. The will of the designers and artistic movements then have given these urban areas various forms. With the development of new tehcnologies, we have various ways to enrich cities: the virtual space is now interconnected with the real space. Nowadays, virtual spaces has become an important channel to deliver urban art.This study aims to analyze this evolution path of city spaces, from basic human needs to how virtual space have figured modern world. The cross between real space and virtual space offers and also restrains a new dimension for expression. From Europe to China, public spaces are definitely artwork itself and also give each city its identity and its image. It also reflects its culture, architectural and artistic heritage
Gao, Zengrong. "Croisement entre l’espace réel et l’espace virtuel au sein des sociétés contemporaines européenne et chinoise en mutation : projet urbain à l'œuvre d'art pour réinventer les espaces publics". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080021.
To survive, human beings have created their own “living environment” throughout their evolution to protect themselves from dangers and facilitate their existence. Cities were formed to fulfill these needs, to perform different spacial functions and to present the comfort for living. The continuing demand and expression have distinguished cities from each other, so that we can experience the beauty of difference. During the Renaissance, Europeans were inspired by ancient Greece with their public places' structures. The will of the designers and artistic movements then have given these urban areas various forms. With the development of new tehcnologies, we have various ways to enrich cities: the virtual space is now interconnected with the real space. Nowadays, virtual spaces has become an important channel to deliver urban art.This study aims to analyze this evolution path of city spaces, from basic human needs to how virtual space have figured modern world. The cross between real space and virtual space offers and also restrains a new dimension for expression. From Europe to China, public spaces are definitely artwork itself and also give each city its identity and its image. It also reflects its culture, architectural and artistic heritage
Soares, de oliveira neto João. "Villes Intelligentes Inclusives : théorie et outils pour améliorer l'expérience des personnes en situation d’handicap dans l’espace urbain". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC106/document.
Cities have used technologies in anumber of areas to improve the delivery ofpublic services, meet the demands ofcitizens, and measure the consumption ofnatural resources. Known as Smart Cities,these initiatives aim to improve the qualityof life of citizens and have already had apositive impact on how citizens interactwith urban spaces, services and with eachother. On the other hand, urban spaces canbe considered as a threat to theindependence and autonomy of people withdisabilities. We used a multi-instrumentapproach to collect data from differentstakeholders - people with disabilities,professionals working with people withdisabilities, accessibility experts and policymakers - to understand the barriers faced bypeople with disabilities. We first developeda definition of the Smart Inclusive City, aswell as proposed tools to supportpractitioners and researchers engaged in thedevelopment of digital assistivetechnologies: an implementation andoperation methodology, a conceptual model,a business model, and a system architectureare proposed in this thesis
Paré-Bourque, Marie. "Gestion des eaux pluviales : qualité des eaux et contrôle en temps réel". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20657.
Lachhab, Abdelkader. "Le rôle de l’eau de la source Ain Asserdoun dans l’organisation de l’espace agricole et urbain de Beni Mellal". Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN21007.
Scoccimarro, Rémi. "Le rôle structurant des avancées sur la mer dans la baie de Tôkyô : production et reproduction de l’espace urbain". Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/scoccimarro_r.
During the so-called Bubble Economics in Japan (1985-1991), the large coastal landfills and reclaimed lands in the Tokyo bay area have been particularly affected by huge urban projects. The proximity to the city center (the toshin) and the special property structure of Japanese reclaimed lands (umetatechi) put it at the immediate private and public urban planners’ disposal. These large urban projects (more than 400 ha. For some of these), designed in the 1980s, started to be built only in the middle of the 1990s, after the collapse of the Bubble, which means in a context of land prices deflation while its funding was adapted to the faith of a never-ending land prices growth in Japanese cities. The biggest of these operations are Rinkaifukutoshin in Tôkyô, Minato Mirai 21 in Yokohama and Makuhari Shintoshin in Chiba. These operations were the starting point of the renewal of the Japanese megacities’ port areas. We focused on the most important one, in space and spending, the Rinkaifukutoshin. How, beyond its chaotic development, it started an actual renewal of Tôkyô port’s reclaimed lands. How does this lead today to the reorganization of the urban core of the world largest city? What kinds of urban spaces it produces at the end? After the introduction of our field of work, Tôkyô and its bay, we attempt to demonstrate how the Rinkaifukutoshin operation is to be understood as a result, in its conception, of the globalization of Tôkyô megacity in the 80s. We then analyze the effects of the collapse of the Bubble on the planning and the nowadays urban product due to the successive adaptations of the development method. Second, we show how the redevelopment of the inner part of Tokyo harbor correspond to a real urbanization process, matching with a model resulting in some part of the experience of the Rinkaifukutoshin, but also of the background of more than 15 years of land prices deflation. It enables us to explain clearly how this redevelopment has a key role in the restructuration of the central quarters of the Japanese capital, in the context of the toshinkaiki, the “return to the city center” of urban populations. At least, we deal with the question of the urban nature of all these new constructions and the emergence of a new kind of space in the Japanese megacities: the wôtâfuronto, glocal translation of waterfront. This leads us to tackle the question of the future of newly constructed and planned reclaimed lands in the Tôkyô bay. It faces new resistances, based on environmental protection but more than that, the problem of surproduction of raw space in Tokyo area, while the production system is still in function with the disposal in the sea of urban wastes and refuses
Zéphir, Stéphane. "Des différentes modalités de l’expérience minoritaire dans l’espace urbain d’une Zone d’Education Prioritaire : les effets paradoxaux d’une action positive". Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE2011.
This research, based on an extended period of fieldwork and empirical, inductive observations in an Educational Priority Area, analyzes the different educational modalities used in the creation and educational treatment of otherness among students and families by education professionals. The analyse aims to take into account the diverse schooling experiences of certain students, using a phenomenological approach, while taking care to recreate the interaction dynamic that governs relationships between different parties. Emerging the principle of normative neutrality of the universalist model of the Ecole Républicaine and the interactive dynamics observed in the field, one observes pragmatic adjustments that give rise to phenomena of reification and ethnicization of certain populations. The present analysis seeks to describe, based on a corpus collected during this research, the way these adjustments emerge, are redefined and sometimes contested even within interactive situations. From these descriptions, it is possible to draw conclusions regarding the significant changes to the educational experience in this context, namely the degradation of relationships between education professionals and students. This deterioration has led to a process of delegitimization of the educational process in this Educational Priority Area by some middle-school students and a loss of confidence in the school’s supposed effectiveness in protecting students from social relegation
Dargahi, Malellou Esmaeil. "L’espace public à Téhéran : analyse comparée de trois quartiers (ancien, moderne et informel)". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20013/document.
The problematic that guides this research is as follows: what are the main dimensions of the public space in Iran and what are the variations of this public space between old, modern and informal neighborhoods in Tehran? In order to compare the characters of the public spaces, we chose the 3 types of old neighborhood (Bazar), modern (Shahrak-e-Gharb) and informal (Khak Sefid) present in Tehran. Examination according to the method presented (documents, personal observations, questionnaires and interviews), allowed us to conclude that the answers obtained from this work confirm that the Bazar district is characterized by important interactions, because of its commercial and religious influence, despite its antiquated structure. The modern district of Shahrak-e-Gharb provides functionality for planned public spaces, but the omnipresence of the automobile and the lack of superior functions limit the exchanges on a neighborhood scale. Finally, despite the lack of developed spaces, the informal Khak Sefid neighborhood is not devoid of social interaction. The challenges of planning public spaces therefore necessarily differ according to their specific physical, economic and socio-cultural characteristics that we have tried to highlight in this thesis
Ouafi, Rachid. "Analyse et contrôle des réseaux de trafic urbain par la méthode de Frank-Wolfe". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066453.
Faye, Sébastien. "Contrôle et gestion du trafic routier urbain par un réseau de capteurs sans fil". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0061/document.
Road traffic has a significant effect on metropolitan activities, especially during peak hours when it impacts on areas such as the economy and the environment. Road infrastructure is typically coordinated from a control centre that is responsible for maintaining not only its equipment but also their initial settings and incident management (both material and human). During the past few years, new technologies in the fields of information and communication have led to the introduction of intelligent transportation systems. Using multiple measurement points distributed across a country, an operator can count road users and calculate the network load. However, the centralization of information has a number of drawbacks. The aim of this thesis is to study the use of distributed systems in order to implement intelligent transportation systems via a wireless sensor network. Coupled to a detection unit (e.g., a magnetometer), the interconnected sensors can respond to the passage of a vehicle when deployed, for example, along the road. They can also work together without recourse to a central entity - rendering all or part of an urban area totally independent. Furthermore, these networks can operate autonomously and are less susceptible to breadown, because the overall running of the system is not affected by the failure of individual components. Finally, components are small and cheap, and they operate wirelessly, which means they can be deployed and redeployed both rapidly and densely
Faye, Sébastien. "Contrôle et gestion du trafic routier urbain par un réseau de capteurs sans fil". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0061.
Road traffic has a significant effect on metropolitan activities, especially during peak hours when it impacts on areas such as the economy and the environment. Road infrastructure is typically coordinated from a control centre that is responsible for maintaining not only its equipment but also their initial settings and incident management (both material and human). During the past few years, new technologies in the fields of information and communication have led to the introduction of intelligent transportation systems. Using multiple measurement points distributed across a country, an operator can count road users and calculate the network load. However, the centralization of information has a number of drawbacks. The aim of this thesis is to study the use of distributed systems in order to implement intelligent transportation systems via a wireless sensor network. Coupled to a detection unit (e.g., a magnetometer), the interconnected sensors can respond to the passage of a vehicle when deployed, for example, along the road. They can also work together without recourse to a central entity - rendering all or part of an urban area totally independent. Furthermore, these networks can operate autonomously and are less susceptible to breadown, because the overall running of the system is not affected by the failure of individual components. Finally, components are small and cheap, and they operate wirelessly, which means they can be deployed and redeployed both rapidly and densely
Le, Deschault de Monredon-Duplantier Marie-Raphaëla. "La qualité de service dans l'offre de transport public urbain". Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002133330204611&vid=upec.
The goal of the study is to consider the quality as a tool of the modernisation of the public transportation companies which are now in a very competitive market due to the car owners use and the European liberalisation of the public transportation markets. This study concentrates more particularly the diffusion of the quality in the offer constitution of the urban public transportation, i. E. Both in the evolution of the technical enterprise culture and the contract production. We'll show how the introduction of the quality managed by the public transportation systems intervening parties will change the companies & the owners from a production feeling to a production of service with customers
Cui, Junjing. "Plastiques urbaines, entre paysage et culture : recherche sur les aménagements urbains intégrant l’art dans l’espace public des villes de la province du Guangdong, Chine". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100059.
In a context of urban development at full speed in Guangdong (South of China), especially its capital Guangzhou, the rapid and radical transformation of landscapes raises a number of questions about the relationship between societies and their environment, the local peoples and the living places, art and the city. Faced with political and economic issues related to urban change, what is the role and work of art on the city layout? In what forms and in what ways the art it does integrity? With artistic interventions in public space, the artist is capable of restoring it in situ, mutual communication between people and places? What approaches and possible ways to address these issues?Since there are many western buildings built in Guangzhou last thirty years, face to face traditional Chinese sculptures that do not fit the Western style, how can we find the subchannels reconciling two polarities - the modern westernized form and the traditional Cantonese spirit - in the creation of urban sculpture? It therefore becomes necessary to rebuild a modern version of the old system by providing a local contemporary urban form using the traditional skills of artisans who exceed the dissonance between westernized architectural context and Cantonese regional sculpture
Cordeil, Maxime. "Exploration et exploitation de l’espace de conception des transitions animées en visualisation d’information". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0044/document.
Data visualizations allow information to be transmitted to users. In order to explore and understand the data, it is often necessary for users to manipulate the display of this data. When manipulating the visualization, visual transitions are necessary to avoid abrupt changes in this visualization, and to allow the user to focus on the graphical object of interest. These visual transitions can be coded as an animation, or techniques that link the data across several displays. The first aim of this thesis was to examine the benefits and properties of animated transitions used to explore and understand large quantities of multidimensional data. In order to do so, we created a taxonomy of existing animated transitions. This taxonomy allowed us to identify that no animated transition currently exists that allows the user to control the direction of objects during the transition. We therefore proposed an animated transition that allows the user to have this control during the animation. In addition, we studied an animated transition technique that uses 3D rotation to transition between visualizations. We identified the advantages of this technique and propose an improvement to the current design. The second objective was to study the visual transitions used in the Air Traffic Control domain. Air Traffic Controllers use a number of visualizations to view vast information which is duplicated in several places: the Radar screen, the strip board, airplane lists (departures/arrivals) etc. Air traffic controllers perform visual transitions as they search between these different displays of information. We studied the way animations can be used in the Air Traffic Control domain by implementing a radar image prototype which combines three visualizations typically used by Air Traffic Controllers
MOREAUX, MICHEL PHILIPPE. "EXPRESSIONS ET IMPRESSIONS DU CORPS DANS L’ESPACE URBAIN: ÉTUDE DES PRATIQUES D’ARTS DE RUE COMME RUPTURES DES RYTHMES DU QUOTIDIEN DE LA VILLE". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23823@1.
Cette étude se situe dans la lignée des études urbaines influencées notamment par les réflexions d’Henri Lefebvre autour de sa critique de la vie quotidienne et de la production de l’espace. Nous nous approprions de la rythmanalyse, présentée plus en détail dans un ouvrage posthume de l’auteur. Cette approche nous permet de considérer des pratiques sociales spécifiques, celles reliées aux arts de rue, comme l’impression de rythmes singuliers dans la polyrythmie de l’espace urbain. Nous portons ainsi une attention spéciale à l’expression des corps, à même de concevoir comment les interventions d’arts de rue ont le potentiel d’instaurer des moments de rencontre qui modifient l’espace relationnel et l’imaginaire urbain. La rythmanalyse nous permet, selon nos termes, d’appréhender la respiration – des spectateurs et des artistes, parfois en synchronie – dans le tissu urbain ainsi que la résonnance des rythmes. Nous considérons que ces pratiques permettent la restitution momentanée de l’urbain. Elles se situent dans un théâtre plus ample d’actions qui cherchent à repenser la ville et réinventer le politique en agissant concrètement sur les trames de l’espace social.
Nossa inquietação se situa na linha dos estudos urbanos influenciados, em particular, pelas reflexões de Henri Lefebvre acerca da sua crítica da vida cotidiana e da produção do espaço. Nós apropriamos da ritmanálise, apresentada com maior profundidade no livro póstumo desse autor, Éléments de rythmanalyse: Introduction à la connaissance des rythmes. Essa abordagem nos permite considerar práticas sociais específicas, as práticas de artes de rua, como impressão de ritmos singulares na polirritmia do espaço urbano. Levamos especialmente em conta a expressão dos corpos, que nos faz conceber como as intervenções de artes de rua têm o potencial de instaurar momentos de encontros e de festa que modificam o espaço relacional e o imaginário urbano. A ritmanálise nos permite, segundo nossos termos, apreender a respiração - de expectadores e artistas, às vezes de forma sincrônica - no tecido urbano e a ressonância dos ritmos. Consideramos que essas práticas constituem uma restituição momentânea do urbano. Situam-se num teatro mais amplo de ações que buscam repensar a cidade e reinventar o político, agindo concretamente nas tramas do espaço social.
Defrance, Camille Adrien. "Réguler les sonorités de l’espace public nocturne : le cas d’un quartier parisien en gentrification, Oberkampf". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100022/document.
This study deals with the different modes of noise control in a bustling neighbourhood of historical Paris city centre, busy by day and night, and with its resident’s perception of noise. Our definition of noise is restricted to human and non mechanical sound sources. Our analysis is concerned both with public and private space related arrangements. This thesis research started as a campaign against nighttime noise pollution was brought onto Paris political agenda. Our work comes up within a debate on city centre planning, between urban attractivity and residential comfort issues, which could be generalised to any lively nightlife areas attracting young crowds in globalised cities. We offer to examine the anti-noise pollution policy at the city level, and more specifically at the level of a few bustling streets, and to analyse the way the residents of these streets react to their sound environment. With regards to the complexity of the sound phenomenon and because of the specificity of the fieldwork, we have opted for a cross-circular approach at the intersection between urbanism, public action sociology, gentrification studies, social history, anthropology and psychoacoutics. Our methodology also relied on a number of tools such as a set of interviews with different local agents (residents, shopkeepers, elected representatives, etc.), archival research and micro-sociological observations
Lepelley, Marie-Charlotte. "Production du geste dans l’espace tridimensionnel : du mouvement dansé au guidage tactile du geste de pointage". Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2006.
The main goal of our study is to gain an insight into the motor control in 3-dimensional space. As a first step, the coordinative structure of a complex body movement performed by skilled ballet dancers is studied. As a second step, we have tested the possibility of using tactile information for motion guidance via an electro-tactile-stimulator. In the first study, a kinematic analysis was combined with an other analysis of the activity of multiple skeletal muscles. The result is consistent with the hypothesis that movements of the body result from centrally induced changes in the muscle recruitment thresholds influencing the referent configuration of the body. The second study allows to validate our prototype of electro-tactile stimulator for motion guidance. The long term perspectives of this work is to relate dancing and new technologies
Ouedraogo, Djibrihina. "L’autonomisation des juridictions financières dans l’espace UEMOA : étude sur l’évolution des Cours des comptes". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40035/document.
After the access in their independence, the French-speaking African states have taken the device of control of public finances inspired by the French organic ordinance of January 2, 1959. But, The system implemented has not produced the expected results. In fact, most institutions of control have been ineffective or inefficient.The Chambers of Auditors of Supreme Courts, which had to fulfill the functions of the French Court of Auditors, have had a theoretical and textual existence.To boost financial jurisdiction, the WAEMU treaty signed in 1994 obliges the Members States to the creation of an independent Court of Auditors instead of the Chambers of Auditors of the Supreme Courts. This organic empowerment of the judicial institution of control would allow him to get a status and adequate resources to fulfill its mission of judicial control of public finances. A decade after creation of the first Courts of Auditors, the aim of this study is to get an overview of the reform
Bortolato, Thais. "L’espace urbain entre le public et le privé : stratégies d'intervention pour la préservation et la réhabilitation urbaines : les cas de Paris et de São Paulo". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040213.
Based on the objectives that guided public politics inside Marais in Paris over the last four decades, for example the preserving and reinforcing of historical and architectural heritage, as well as the activities, urban form and environment qualities, our research intends to analyze the possible preservation strategies by putting the examples of two big cities side-by-side : Paris and São Paulo.São Paulo, space of attraction and heart of innovation, seems to be a battlefield between old and modern, public and private in terms of urban design and daily life dynamics in a way that always benefits private spaces and therefore the already privileged social sectors and upside sites. State market and urban policies over time in São Paulo, while being one of the reasons that cause social inequality, have left their prints in the configuration and the management of the specific heritage of this territory.Urban Politics and Spatial Dynamics over time in São Paulo have been so oppressive in terms of social and landscape inequality that they created a considerable number of abandoned and degradated spaces as well as defined a deficient notion within the popular belief about preservation and collective land use..Heritage is treated based on the concept of public space in terms of legislation, Urban Design and as a means of democratic expression of political power in this StudyIn summary, with this research we intend to identify the real and most contemporary possibilities and factors that can stimulate an effective movement for urban restoration, public management and use of space in São Paulo
Tik, Sovanna. "Contrôle d'un système intégré d'assainissement urbain basé sur la qualité de l'eau vers des stratégies tolérantes aux fautes". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40351.
Regulation concerning urban wastewater management is evolving towards a holistic approach which leads stakeholders to increasingly consider the integrated urban wastewater system(IUWS), including the sewer system and the water resource recovery facility (WRRF), as a whole. This change of paradigm opens doors to new collaborations between the traditionally separated fields of urban drainage and wastewater treatment operation and research. In this context of innovation and integration, modelling is going to be a key tool, granting a better understanding of the complexity of interactions between the different parts of the IUWS. At the same time, the IUWS has to become more resilient to face the impacts of climate change, the long-term effects of which are difficult to quantify. Still, climate change experts agree on the increasing probability of occurrence of high intensity rain events, reaching the limits of current wastewater infrastructure operational capacities. In order for these infrastructures to continue to provide adequate performance with respect to current norms and regulations, while limiting costs and budgetary needs, flexible solutions, such as implementing real-time control (RTC) systems, should be considered. Especially since recent technological developments bring new and more reliable tools to measure water quality, and also to analyse and manage large quantities of data.This study focuses on the behaviour of the particulate pollution in the IUWS, an important water quality indicator, commonly measured as the total suspended solids (TSS) concentrationand highly correlated with turbidity measurement. As turbidity sensors are readilyavailable with increasing reliability, their operational use can be envisioned. The objective of this thesis is to develop and assess water quality-based control strategies for the IUWS. An integrated - sewer and WRRF - model, using the particle settling velocity distribution (PSVD) approach, has been proposed. This approach improves the description of particle settling and resuspension in the whole system, allowing a better forecast of TSS concentration dynamics, especially during rain events. Based on this integrated model, innovative water quality-based control strategies, aiming at reducing overall discharge of particulate pollutants (and the heavy metals, pathogens, etc. that come with it) to the receiving water during wet weather, have been proposed and successfully tested. Experimental studies demonstrated that turbidity sensors installed in the IUWS are subject to harsh conditions, leading to faulty sensor signals. The performance loss due to the use of water quality-based control strategies affected by a faulty turbidity signal has been evaluatedin detail and this has demonstrated the need for fault detection tools. When a faulty signal is detected, alarms will allow operators to decide which operating mode should be used instead of the one using the now faulty sensor. Alternatively, automatic responses and changes could be implemented to counteract the effects of a faulty signal. This last option, called downgraded operating mode, which implies reverting to a control strategy that does not use the faulty signal, has been simulated and tested. If the fault is detected within reasonable time (which depends on the system dynamics), these simulations have shown that part of the increase of performance gained with the water quality-based strategy using the good signal, can be maintained. The results of this study thus present a strong case for optimizing wastewater infrastructure operations, especially when they are considered as an integrated system, instead of autonomous and mutually exclusive systems. Furthermore, the developed integrated model may be use as a decision support tool to help determine the best possible (integrated) controlstrategy. Keywords : chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT); integrated modelling; integratedurban wastewater system (IUWS); real-time control (RTC); stormwater management.
Parisot, Pierrick. "Le contrôle de l’espace européen par les rois de Macédoine, des origines à la fin de la monarchie (VIe siècle av. J.-C. – 168 av. J.-C.)". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0374/document.
For several years, the Macedonian kingdom enjoys a growing interest on the part of historians and archaeologists to explore different aspects of its history and greatly renewing our knowledge on the subject. This thesis proposes to renew once again our gains on Macedonia. If the institutions of the kingdom and its history are now widely known through the publication of many specialized monographs, means exercised by the Macedonian rulers to control their European possessions remain a marginal issue, which has not yet been studied completely. Whether civilian or military control, successive kings disposal many tools necessary for effective takeover : setting up of representatives of royal power enforcement decisions locally, punitive expeditions against rebel populations, population displacement for burst the opposition groups, but above all, establishing strongholds networks assigned to monitor the territory and its borders. These fortresses, particularly numerous on Macedonian kingdom, form one of the main characteristics of an effective territorial control. Through their study, it is possible to understand the development of Macedonia over the territorial conquests and annexations, and fully explain how it was controlled
Kanhoush, Yasmin. "L’habitat urbain de Syrie au Bronze moyen : analyses technique, fonctionnelle et sociologique". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2122.
Whilst houses are certainly a work of architecture, they are also Man’s lived environment that reflect their technical expertise, home comforts, customs, way of life and their relationship with death. However, this type of vestige is often overlooked in favour of large, prestigious buildings of greater interest. Furthermore, Syria's Middle Bronze Age habitat has not yet been the subject of any detailed study, despite the strategic importance of this region and the period from an urban development perspective. In fact, the end of the third millennium (or Early Bronze) saw the abandonment of many sites, or at least a very significant reduction in their size and complexity, whereas the Middle Bronze II (between 1800 and 1500 B.C.), the period which concerns us, appears to have been a flourishing time.Our thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The first focuses on a thorough and critical analysis of the available materials from 36 sites located in four separate regions, these being Northwest Syria, the Middle Orontes Valley, the Middle Euphrates Valley and Northeast Syria. This research has been enriched by unpublished data from previous German excavations on the site of Tell Halawa A on the Middle Euphrates valley, and archaeological work that we conducted on the site of Tell Mishrifeh / the ancient Qatna in Western Syria.All the available archaeological data has been used (architectural surveys, excavation photographs, field notes, articles already published, etc.), as well as certain pieces of textual data (notably those found in Area T at Qatna). These were interesting points of comparison that helped us to reconstruct more fully the history and the volumetry of the ancient houses.The second part of our work is based on the comparison and cross-referencing of the various results obtained, which enabled us to uncover the main technical, typological and functional characteristics of the houses of that period. We have highlighted regional differences and a possible evolution of the types of buildings and their uses. We have also sought, as far as is possible, to consider housing in its urban environment and to restore the social dimension of domestic architecture through the hierarchy and neighbourhood relations that it is likely to reveal
Boulmakoul, Azedine. "Vers un système à base de connaissances distribué & temps réel pour la surveillance et le contrôle du trafic en site urbain". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10222.
Quéva, Stephen. "Méthode d'évaluation de la réactivité et de l'adaptabilité humaines dans le contrôle des risques : Application à la conduite de transport urbain guidé". Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2e3780ab-ab18-42cd-8e6b-1ec112784e8f.
Urban guided transport systems evolution places the human operator in front of dynamic control context. This thesis responds to the problematic regarding adaptability and reactivity of operating staff who have to be versatile, may pursue their task on different line, with different rolling stock, in different driving mode or in a different driving context (integral site or urban site). This study proposes a model called MAdRéH (for model of the human adaptability and reactivity) and an assessment method of the human reactivity and adaptability. The goal of the study is to improve the analysis of factors in relation with the safety of transport system operating. Validation reasoning was made. It consists in the application of the human adaptation and reaction assessment methodology to an incident database and to experimental data. These data were obtained by experimentation on a simulation platform called CoR&Gest (for railway driving and traffic control) of the LAMIH. Finally, this reasoning is able to integrate the human operator contribution in urban guided transport driving. His contribution is described as a factor of degradation or improvement of the system performance criteria such as safety, quality or workload
Attard, Guillaume. "Impacts des ouvrages souterrains sur l’eau souterraine urbaine : Application à l’agglomération lyonnais". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET002/document.
Urban subsoil provides space, groundwater, geothermal energy and geomaterials, and the importance underlying the management of this strategic space is well-known. In the context of vertical urban growth, groundwater management, is a crucial issue. The aim of the PhD thesis was to improve the knowledge related to the impacts caused by underground structures on groundwater resource in order to provide a basis for the decision making dedicated to urban planners. The understanding of the role played by numerous types of underground structures was improved at the decision-making scale. Underground structures involving pumping devices were shown to be responsible for the fragmentation of flow systems, which can modify the urban groundwater regime. Under low gradient conditions, impervious structures were confirmed to have a nonsignificant effect on water table elevation. Regarding quality, reservoir theory was applied to assess the impact of underground structures on groundwater quality. This theory allows to take into account the advective and dispersive part of groundwater flow. A dispersive piston effect is shown to occur under the structures, favoring the vertical spreading of pollutants. In addition, the impacts of underground structures on urban groundwater temperature were investigated. The annual heat from underground structures were computed deterministically, highlighting the significant thermally affected zones. Finally, the impacts of underground structures on groundwater flow quality and temperatures were analyzed in order to prevent risks and disturbances : flood risk, degradation of groundwater quality, jeopardizing geothermal potential
Zoumpoulis, Christos. "Aspects juridiques et fiscaux de la mobilité des sociétés dans l’espace régional européen". Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020028.
Cross-border company mobility principally involves two main sets of State norms. Firstly, mobile companies continuously encounter conflict of laws questions. Therefore, mobility implies a necessary passage from the fundamental question of recognition of foreign companies, the application of conflict of laws rules determining the lex societatis and, more generally, the consultation of all the rules delineating the normative jurisdiction of the State in corporate matters, namely the conflict of laws rules (whether they stem from positive law or from judicial precedents) or the mandatory rules (lois de police) likely to be implemented in cross-border M&As, reorganizations and take-overs. Secondly, company mobility brings inevitably into play the national or international tax rules which constitute the national systems of international taxation of companies, namely tax rules emanating either from national tax legislation or from international treaties on avoidance of double taxation. These two aspects of the matter of company cross-border mobility shall not be examined separately, given that the formation of conflict of laws rules and tax jurisdiction rules that delineate a state’s tax jurisdiction depends on each State’s hierarchically superior imperatives of a political, economic and social nature, these two body of rules being, therefore, interdependent. The study of their historical evolution within the legal systems examined in our thesis (French, English, German and Belgian) from the early 19th century to date, demonstrates that their current state constitutes the result of their mutual influence. Through an interdisciplinary analysis, we emphasize, in the first part of our thesis, on the crossing points of these two sets of rules in order to explain the complex mechanics of cross-border mobility of companies and point out the legal and tax considerations that dominate the matter. We further explore their transformation by EU law which is intended as a meta-order aimed at orchestrating national government and economic agents’ behaviors according to and towards a new model of market regulation susceptible to the creation of a European single market. The second part of our thesis is dedicated to the study of the impact of secondary EU legislation and European Court of Justice jurisprudence –that act jointly to achieve the European single market objective- on the aforementioned bodies of national rules, that leads to the conclusion that the recent and anticipated developments on the mobility of companies within the EU both on national and European level, fall within the broader framework of the overall development of the transition process of national legal orders from a traditional capitalist model of market regulation inspired by the theories of M. Keynes towards a neo-liberal model which is accelerated by the pressure of the contemporary trend of economic globalization. Addressing the subject of cross-border mobility of companies within the EU both from a historical and an interdisciplinary perspective, we endeavor to identify trends and patterns and to assess the progress achieved since the early 19th century
Lu, Di. "Conception et contrôle d'un générateur PV actif à stockage intégré : application à l'agrégation de producteurs-consommateurs dans le cadre d'un micro réseau intelligent urbain". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586393.
Lu, Di. "Conception et contrôle d’un générateur PV actif à stockage intégré : application à l’agrégation de producteurs-consommateurs dans le cadre d’un micro réseau intelligent urbain". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0021/document.
The integration of PV power generation in a power system reduces fuel consumption and brings environmental benefits. However, the PV power intermittency and fluctuations deteriorate the power supply quality. A solution is proposed by adding energy storages, which are coordinated by a local controller that controls the power flow among all sources and implements an inner energy management. This PV based active generator can generate power references and can provide ancillary services in an electric network. Then micro grid concepts are derived to design a central energy management system of a residential network, which is powered by PV based active generators and a gas micro turbine. A communication network is used to exchange data and power references. An energy management system is developed with different time-scale functions to maximize the use of PV power. An operational daily planning is designed by a determinist algorithm, which uses 24 hour-ahead PV power prediction and load forecasting. Then power references are refreshed each half of an hour by considering the PV power availability and the states of energy storage units. Prediction errors and uncertainties are compensated by primary frequency controllers. Simulation and testing results validate the design of the PV active generator local controller and the central energy management system of the studied residential network
Roubieu, Frederic. "Réalisation d'un micro-robot autonome, inspiré du contrôle de vistesse et d'évitement d'obstacles observés chez l'abeille". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4114/document.
In this work, we present for the first time a bio-inspired motion vision-based navigation strategy embedded on a miniature fully-actuated hovercraft allowing it to navigate safely on the horizontal plane of an unknown corridor. The design of this autopilot, called LORA, follows the ethological findings made on honeybees these last decades, which led us to elaborate the principle of the optic flow regulation which might be used by insects to control their flight. The bee-inspired LORA autopilot is a dual optic flow regulator which consists in two intertwined visuomotor feedback loops which control jointly the forward speed of the robot and its clearance to the obstacles. The keystone of this bio-inspired guidance system is a heading-lock system enabling the robot to move in translations and therefore experience a purely translational optic flow which depends only on the ratio speed/clearance to obstacles thanks to a micro-gyrometer and a micro-magnetic compass. The estimation of optic flow is made by a minimalist compound eye, made of two or four Elementary Motion Detectors (only 4 or 8 pixels). The hovercraft is therefore able to cross without crashing a straight or a tapered corridor, presenting a frontal sloping terrain, a bend, a textureless wall, or even a non-stationary section by automatically adapting both its forward speed and its clearance to the walls imitating the honeybee. This bio-inspired visual strategy not only provides an elegant navigation solution in an unknown environment aimed to equip fully-actuated miniature vehicles but also to explain how a 100mg honeybee can navigate with few computational ressources, i.e., without any SONAR, RADAR, LIDAR or GPS
Sellami-Khelif, Jouda. "Espace naturel, espace urbain, espace sacré : écriture et perception de l’espace dans le texte épique aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles (Le Siège de Barbastre, La Prise de Cordres et de Sebille, La Chanson d’Antioche et la Chanson de Jérusalem". Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030076.
We propose to study the representation of space in the epic text through a comparative study between two epics of the Narbonne cycle – Le Siège de Barbastre and La prise de Cordres et de Sebille – and two epics of the first crusade cycle – La chanson d’Antioche and La chanson de Jérusalem. These four texts emanate from the same source of inspiration: the crusades. But if the first two, precisely located in the space of Moorish Spain, refer to the Carolingian period ; the two others, which story takes place nearly entirely in the Middle East, stick very close to historical reality, because less than one century separates their composition from the events that they report. These epics thus make it possible to compare an " Eastern " space born more from the phantasm than from a real knowledge and another space which is meant to be " realistic " as it refers to places actually crossed and mentioned by the warriors of the first crusade. The study of the poetics of space in both types of texts leads back to a reflection on the adaptation to the new spatial data of the crusade epics
Bin, Ahmad Khairol Amali. "Surveillance de la fiabilité du positionnement par satellite (GNSS) pour les applications de véhicules terrestres dans les milieux urbains". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0007/document.
This thesis addresses the challenges in reliability monitoring of GNSS aided navigation for land vehicle applications in urban environments. The main objective of this research is to develop methods of trusted positioning using GNSS measurements and confidence measures for the user in constrained urban environments. In the first part of the thesis, the NLOS errors in urban settings are characterized by means of a 3D model of the urban surrounding. For the second part of the thesis, the work proposes a reliability monitoring technique in the range domain for urban environ ment using a trusted velocity sensor. Finally, the research developed a novel experimental scheme in integrity monitoring for positioning in urban environment. By monitoring the test statistic against a specific threshold, the positioning integrity and continuity are met at a certain level of confidence. In addition, the Horizontal Protection Level (HPL) computation using a composite approach has also been proposed
Jassionnesse, Christophe. "Contrôle de la déformation du massif renforce par boulonnage au front de taille d'un tunnel : étude d'un cas réel en site urbain : exploitation des mesures et modélisation par une méthode d'homogénéisation". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0057.
In the framework of a real case study, the report tackles the design of underground works in urban areas from the two complementary points of view which are the induced ground movement’s limitations and the technical arrangements for the supporting process in difficult ground conditions. In the first part, an analysis of the phenomenon known as « induced movements » is introduced by a critical review of existing field measurement techniques. Then, the development steps of a borehole system for strains measurement in the ground mass ahead the tunnel face are presented. Afterwards, the principles of the « stationary analysis » of displacements in the face vicinity are formulated, taking in account measurement on the mass borders, i. E. The upper surface and the tunnel walls. These principles are applied to a large volume of collected data what conducts us to a final statement of ground loss sources and ground movements. In the second part, we study a particular technical arrangement, known as« tunnel face bolting ». This technique is defined in a more general framework as a « pre-confinment » tunneling method and as a « ground reinforcement » supporting technique. Next, in order to propose a mechanical modeling, a homogenization theory is presented by a review of its principles, basic assumptions and recent advances. Afterwards, we show how a simple formulation of interactions between ground matrix and reinforcement by a « load transfer limit criterium» leads us to a realistic improvement of the previous homogenized approaches. Based on these hypotheses, a model is intended to the tunnel face bolting through an equivalent problem, mostly simplified by geometric assumptions. Finally, a basic parametric study shows some aspects of the reinforcement work and its practical limitations
Diouf, Djibril. "Partenariats Public-Privé au Sénégal : analyse institutionnelle, contractuelle et conflictuelle du contrôle public dans l’hydraulique urbaine et périurbaine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1134.
Through this PhD thesis, our initial objective was to understand the control exercised by the government on their private partners in the Public-Private Partnerships. This was necessitated by the differences in objectives of the partner institutions and their different characteristics.This is why it has been the question for us to understand how the authorities through the institutional and contractual arrangements exercised this role of control over the private partner.On the basis of such an approach, it was subscribed to qualitative methods including case study to understand the control on the PPP.On the institutionalization, axis such as the inclusion of all the stakeholders, the differences in objectives, the roles and responsibilities, the lack of hierarchy were alternately analyzed. This allowing to make them prerequisites to PPPs.With respect to contracting, we had to look at the control models which were based on the need to correct the system and on those which create the conditions of accountability. To conclude this point, it will appear that contracts should be based on elements of performance.Finally, on the treatment of the differences between partners, the differences in goals, values and characteristics, the opportunism of partners especially the private ones, the need for an alliance and cooperation, the pragmatism of partners have been highlighted. In other words in the PPP, it is necessary to manage such differences
Moncharmont, Olivier. "Contestations rhétoriques et rivalités normatives à la Conférence du désarmement : Le discours diplomatique de la République populaire de Chine en matière de prévention d’une course aux armements dans l’espace de 1998 à 2009". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20121.
The People’s Republic of China foreign policy is subject to doxic explanations which, in accordance with a rationalist positivist problem-solving theory, see it as secretly determined by “security interests”. The symbolic world space power rank that China has gained until 2003, behind the United States and Russia, was set out by realist International relations experts as further evidence of Chinese political power ambiguity towards its possible application of military technologies in outer space. The purpose of this research is to put forward a constructivist approach of the Chinese foreign policy related to the Prevention of an arms race in outer space. Primary sources of its position must be identified in order to understand the way the Chinese political power develop it. The Geneva Conference on Disarmament (CD) diplomatic discourse produced by Chinese diplomacy between 1998 and 2009 is the material of the study. The discourse materiality is constituted by working papers and statements through which numerous narratives are produced in order to legitimate norms and to problematize the representations of social reality. Discursive production of international norms shapes an idealized ethos of the political power in People’s Republic of China. Discursive production is also constitutive of coercion and contestation strategies, designed to force the discursive production of the other State members representatives about related negociated issues. Since 1998, these strategies have resulted in the CD deadlock
Lakshmanan, Vinith Kumar. "Cooperative control of eco-driving trajectories for a fleet of electric connected and autonomous vehicles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST068.
Electric Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) that maximize energy efficiency can be considered an integrated approach to meet the various trends, mainly green and digital transition, in the automotive industry. Energy-saving strategies for CAVs on the vehicle level can be categorized into Eco-Routing (ER) and Eco-Driving (ED). With increased penetration of CAVs, such vehicles can cooperate rather than compete for right of way, giving rise to Cooperative Connected and Automated Vehicles (CCAVs). Based on the level of information shared and the motivation for energy efficiency, the behavior of CCAVs can be categorized into Non-Cooperative (NC), Cooperative (C), and Centralized Cooperative (CC) ED strategies. Each CCAV optimizes for itself in NC-ED and shares only its instantaneous states with its neighbors, while in C-ED, it shares its future intentions. Each CCAV's control action optimizes for the entire group in the CC-ED.The main objectives of this thesis are to experimentally assess a known baseline NC-ED strategy for a single CAV; to obtain analytical eco-driving solutions for a fleet of electric CCAVs, with varying levels of cooperation, for platooning and un-signalized intersection scenarios; and to evaluate the influence of the varying levels of cooperation, namely, NC-ED, C-ED, and CC-ED, on fleet energy consumption. The thesis first introduces a known NC-ED strategy for a single CAV that forms the basis for this thesis. ED is formulated as an optimal control problem for an unconstrained and car-following scenario and solved using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP). The baseline NC-ED car-following strategy predicts the lead vehicle's motion under Constant Acceleration (CA) to facilitate analytical closed-form solutions. In a chapter of this thesis, more sophisticated lead vehicle prediction models, namely Constant Acceleration-Average Braking (CA-AB) and EDM-LOS based Predictor (EDM-LOSP), are developed in the absence of V2V communication. The results distinguished the performance of the predictors in urban routes, where the ego vehicle using EDM-LOSP performed better than CA-AB with 4 % energy gain, while CA-AB had 4.5 % over the baseline CA. The baseline NC-ED car-following scenario is extended to a platooning ED scenario. An OCP is formulated for the three levels of cooperation, and analytical solutions are obtained using PMP. Platoons with the three cooperative strategies are evaluated against a baseline using Adaptive Cruise Control in a simulation environment. The results indicate higher energy saving with increased levels of cooperation. The CC-ED platoon performed best with 2.5 % energy saving over the NC-ED platoon on a WLTC High cycle. This thesis further presents an OCP formulated for a set of CCAVs safely crossing an un-signalized intersection while minimizing energy consumption. The OCP is formulated for two levels of cooperation: NC-ED and C-ED. The conflicts that arise in an intersection are analyzed and transformed into constraints. The OCP with the constraints is solved using PMP, and analytical solutions are presented. The two strategies are evaluated against Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) as a baseline for various flow rates. The results indicate that C-ED performs best, with 23.7 % energy gains over IDM. Finally, this thesis presents an experimental implementation of the baseline NC-ED strategy in a Renault Zoe electric car. The ED solutions are implemented via a tablet, that displays the computed optimal speed for the driver to follow in the next second. The implementation of the algorithm consists of two parts: an ED speed profile predicted at the trip's start under certain assumptions and an ED speed profile computed in real-time advising the driver. In this work, the driven profiles are analyzed a posteriori to study the impact of the assumptions made at the start of a trip. The results indicate the importance of having accurate information on traffic and traffic light behavior
Ponton, Martin. "Diagnostic et perspectives d'un système de gestion des déchets domestiques urbains : le cas de Santiago de los Cabaileros en République Dominicaine". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11451.