Tesis sobre el tema "Contraintes professionnelles"
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Plouvier, Sandrine. "Lombalgies, âge et expositions professionnelles". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T014.
Texto completoSome biomechanical exposures at work are recognized short term risk factors for low back pain(LBP). However, long term effects, are not well known. In addition, occupational exposures seemto contribute to social inequalities in low back pain, but this contribution is less documented forolder subjects.In many developed countries, governments are now reconsidering retirement policies. In thiscontext, the objective of this work was firstly to provide additional knowledge about the linksbetween physical exposure and LBP among aging workers and retirees, and secondly to assesssocial inequalities in LBP in this age group and the contribution of occupational factors to suchinequalities.Two populations were studied : volunteers from the Gazel cohort and participants to a Frenchnational survey on health (EDS 2002). The same definition for LBP could be used in bothpopulations : LBP which lasted more than 30 days in the previous 12 months.LBP was associated with physical occupational exposures among aging workers and youngretirees in both populations. Results were consistent with the hypothesis of a persistence of effectsonce occupational exposure has ceased, except among the oldest retirees in the EDS 2002.Biomechanical exposures played a major role in social inequalities for LBP among aging workersand young retirees in the GAZEL cohort. Such inequalities were not observed among the retireesaged 60 to 74 years (men and women) from the EDS 2002.The results highlight the importance of past occupational exposures at retirement age
Flenghi, Dominique. "Capacités fonctionnelles lombaires, lombalgies et contraintes professionnelles : étude de la manutention manuelle, des vibrations et des postures prolongées". Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10469.
Texto completoCohidon, Christine. "Contraintes de travail et effets sur la santé : études à partir de données existantes à l'échelle de la France". Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28972.
Texto completoThe aim of this study is first to describe the stress at work in France and secondly to estimate its associations with French existing health data which are either exhaustive or representative. The first chapter identifies and describes the exposure to job stress among french active population, using a national survey on working conditions carried out by the Ministry of Labour in 1991. Exposure to job stress is expressed as a job exposure-matrix. The individualization of homogenous exposure groups is done using to 2 methods : first, a segmentation method (CART) using the age class, the sector of activity codes and the occupational categories 4 digits codes, secondly only 1 and 2 digits occupational categories codes. The second chapter relates the exposure to job stress to french mortality data. An ecological study design is used. The methodological finalization is done by the study of french inequalities in coronary heart diseases. The limitations on mortality data did not allow the complete study of the effects of job stress. The third chzpter studies the association between the exposure to job strain and french indicators of health effects stemmedfrom a national survey on health and medical cares, done in 1991. The effects of job stress on health vary according to the sex. The deleterious role of a low decision latitude on many symptoms is found among men. The study also shows the effect of other stressors, in particular the polyvalence at work. This stressor could induce, in women, chronic pains, peptic ulcers and addictive behaviors
Ferru, Marie. "La géographie des collaborations pour l'innovation : le rôle des contraintes de ressources et de mise en relation". Poitiers, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461260.
Texto completoRegarding the well known spatial concentration of innovation activities, the issue of partnerships dedicated to innovation has been widely studied for twenty years or so. But this research mainly focused on tacit knowledge exchanges as a determinant of these collaborations. The purpose of our work is to propose new explanations through testing scarcely studied determinants linked to the process of partnerships build up. Within that scope, we develop a theoretical framework which stresses constraints related to the search of complementary resources, on the one hand, and constraints linked to the possibilities to be in contact with partners (through social networks, institutions or past collaborations), on the other. We reveal how these two constraints, behind the problem of knowledge exchange, impact the geography of knowledge collaborations and its dynamic. Based on a qualitative analysis and an econometric treatment of relational data about knowledge collaborations, our work checks the multiscale dimension of innovation and exposes its inertia. We then measure the respective weights of the different determinants of these partnerships geography. We highlight both the structuring role of resources constraints and the spatial proximity effects. These latter effects are less due to constraints of knowledge exchange than to possibilities to connect with partners. More generally, the logics of contact, used in order to find a partner, play a structuring role in the geography of knowledge collaborations. This role happens to be different according to the very nature of these logics and the structural characteristics of the territories
Thomas, Jérémy. "Perceptions de contraintes et ressources professionnelles en télétravail : vers une meilleure compréhension de leur nature, leur mesure, leurs implications psychologiques et de potentiels leviers d'intervention". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIML006.
Texto completoDespite the expansion of remote work, knowledge regarding its psychological implications remains incomplete and inconsistent. This doctoral project aimed to extend knowledge on this issue. More specifically, it sought to refine the understanding of job demands and resources perceptions in remote work contexts, their nature, their measurement, their psychological implications, and of potential leverage points. These objectives were pursued through three research papers. The first paper relied on a mixed-method approach to enhance the understanding of the nature and measurement (through the validation of a questionnaire, the RJDR-Q) of the job demands and resources perceived by remote workers, and of their implications for psychological health and psychological adjustment at the work-home interface. The second paper relied on a person-centered longitudinal quantitative approach to provide new insights into the nature of combinations of job demands and resources perceived in remote work, their temporal stability, their managerial predictors, and their motivational, attitudinal, and behavioral implications. The third paper, based on an experimental method, partly supported the effectiveness of an intervention designed to help remote workers proactively act on their job demands and resources (job crafting). This article also showed the benefits of this intervention for remote workers’ psychological adjustment at the work-home interface
Hérin, Fabrice. "Approche des facteurs psychosociaux et organisationnels dans les douleurs d'origine musculo-squelettique, en particulier les aspects longitudinaux (caractère prédictif)". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2526/.
Texto completoWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have a multifactorial aetiology that includes not only physical stressors, but also psychosocial and organizational factors. But it is unclear whether these factors contribute to specific regional musculoskeletal pain or to multisite pain. Musculoskeletal pain is a leading cause of disability among people of working age and has a substantial social and economic impact. The objective of this thesis was to assess the impact of work-related psychosocial and organizational factors according to the musculoskeletal pain. The data for two prospective cohort studies (ORSOSA and ESTEV) on general population of workers) were analyzed. We identified and assessed specific healthcare organisational factors by the self-rated Nursing Work Index - Extended Organisation (NWI-EO) that have an impact on nurses' upper limb symptoms, sometimes independently of ERI perception (Herin et al. Pain 2011). Shoulder pain is the third most common type of musculoskeletal pain, and can have a major impact on health-related quality of life. This work emphasises the multifactorial nature of chronic shoulder pain during a prospective 5-year follow-up in a large representative sample of workers. Our results suggest that psychosocial work-related factors (job demand and decision control) are predictors of chronic shoulder pain at work. (Herin et al. Pain 2012). The role of psychosocial and physical factors in the development of musculoskeletal pain has now been clearly demonstrated, but it is unclear whether these factors contribute to specific regional musculoskeletal pain or to multisite pain. This work emphasises the multifactorial nature of regional body site pain and multisite pain in a large representative sample of female and male workers. Our results support the hypothesis that some psychological work-related factors are predictive of regional or multisite musculoskeletal pain but differ according to gender (Herin et al. Pain 2014). Finally, we have clarified the role of psychosocial and organizational work-related factors on musculoskeletal pain
Charef, Rania. "Management interculturel : entre contraintes nationales, contraintes organisationnelles et particularismes locaux : études de cas chez Veolia Environnement". Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT3028.
Texto completoDespite the importance given to cross-cultural management, very little research has focused on tools for the management of cultural diversity. This thesis proposes a link between the theoretical framework of cross-cultural management and the management tools. Three cases studied were conducted in the same international company in France: Veolia Environment. This qualitative research, through longitudinal case studies and action research, was done thanks to a CIFRE agreement, and aims to answer the question: what is the role of management tools for managing cultural diversity? This research reveals that we can distinguish a multiplicity of visions of cultural diversity desired and promoted, sustained and denied, ambivalent, a screen for other problems, or a political opportunity. We have shown that the management tools have effects at the strategic, organizational, cognitive and relational levels. As a polymorphous phenomenon, cultural diversity is a political and organizational challenge for the actors who try to develop and transform diversity management tools. Thus, cross-cultural management tools need to be contextualized to the specific situation of each organization. All internal tensions do not necessarily fall under cultural differences. Indeed, they can mask difficulties related to the devaluation of jobs or the lack of career prospects
Viallon, Christian. "Les écrits professionnels des éducateurs spécialisés : des écrits sous contraintes". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10101/document.
Texto completoThe topic of this research is education specialists’ professional writing. It is generally assumed that education specialists feel rather uncomfortable with professional writings although language whether, oral or written, IS the work. Moreover, since the early 2000’s, along with the changes implied by the New Public Management reforms, a huge emphasis is put on written activities in this profession. This research examines the real issues hidden behind the claim of an oral tradition explanation from educators specialist. Starting with the constraints (natural, non-natural, narratives, linguistics) that are bearing upon these educators’ professional writing, this work is organized in two parts. The first part is setting up a conceptual frame based on history, words, knowledge and language of educational workers through authors like Michel Foucault, Georges Canguilhem, Paul Ricoeur. The second part focuses on what educators, employed in a non profit organization, actually say about their practices through a quantitative enquiry and on analysis of documents. This non profit organization (OVE) dedicated to persons with special needs, manages 60 institutions and services and employs 389 teachers. To the end this research opens new ways of considering relations between professionals and persons with special needs, connections between profession and writing and, through narrative method, renewed forms of professional writing. Through thinking a new articulation between praxis and the clinical of care, a reflection on the place of literacies and pratices’ analysis is therefore needed in the educational training of this professionals
Bailly, Evelyne. "Les ostéopathes face à la contrainte institutionnelle : genèse d'une professionnalisation". Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3021.
Texto completoJolivet, Grégory. "Mobilité volontaire et mobilité contrainte : étude des transitions entre emplois". Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010008.
Texto completoDauba, Caroline. "Le statut de l'élu local entre droits et contraintes". Avignon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AVIG2012.
Texto completoIn the context of elected roles, this thesis explores the issues surrounding the status of locally elected officials. Examination of accessibility and the exercise of the various elective duties reveals that the rights of elected officials have in fact hardly progressed. The question of remuneraion is at the centre of the debate. Some suggest that currently this is too high for what is in effect a voluntary role and which therefore is overly costly of local democracy. Others the majority, resent the fact that remuneration is often insufficient to compensate the loss of salaried income which arises from the sacrifice of time given over to civil duties. Caught in the cross fire, the level of remuneration is re-evaluated infrequently and all other forms of benefit deriving from the exercising compatible with carrying out normal professional duties (leave of absence, overtime, return to wor. . ), pension benefits or indeed the protection of elected officials in the carrying out of their duties. And because at the same obtaining the right talent is insufficiently rewarded, it is apparent that the total remunerative package awarded to locally elected officials in order to carry out their duties is insufficient. This package relates not only to material benefits but also institutional benefits. In fact, over and above the simple fact of carrying out duties, the question arises over the ability of all elected officials to participate in local issues. The key objective of consultative meetings, is that they are intended to guarantee the right of freedom of information and the right of participation. These rights are inalienable in the context of elected roles, and although the intention is that candidates carry out majority decisions, they seem insufficient to give elected officials the power to oppose a real issue. In parallel with the slow progression of the rights of elected officials, the constraints of office by contrast are in fact increasing. These constraints begin during the candidacy phase. In fact, in order to alleviate the legitimate concern of access to elected functions, the legislative powers have complicated electoral procedure to such a point that recourse to a legal process is more and more frequent and allows now and again a direct contradiction of the decision of the ballot fox. There fire today an electoral campaign can appear to carry certain annoyances in the eyes of the general public, the whole experience is judjed to be time-consuming, sometimes violent in terms of human relations, costly, and legally extremely complex. The problems continue of course well beyond the election itself. To be a locally elected official today means to carry out one's duties under the control of the State - a level of control that influences both actions and people. But without doubt the heaviest weight on the local official is the personal sacrifice in carrying out his duties
Soussi, Sonia. "L’apprentissage en milieu clinique des étudiants futurs professionnels de la santé : entre l’autonomisation et les contraintes pédagogiques". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1181/document.
Texto completoIntroduction: taking into account the particularities of learning in clinical environment, the evolution of scientific knowledge, the needs of 21st century students, the expectations of society, the empowerment of learning becomes a necessity. Goals: Mainly: to compare the quantitative results of the items and the overall scores of Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) by following the systemic approach tested, to the results of the conventional objective approach. Type and study quote: we opted in our study for the mixed approach (quantitative qualitative) and an explanatory sequential estimate. We start with the collection and analysis of quantitative data to follow up after the educational intervention with the collection and analysis of qualitative data. Population of the study: A number of 172 students participated in the first data collection (pretest), 162 students at the second data collection (post-test) and 12 students for the « Focus group ». Pedagogical intervention: the systematic approach (AS), inscribed in the socio-cognitive current, has been experimented. It is based on the principles of the competency-based approach. This approach imposes new pedagogical practices different from the conventional approach. Data collection tools: for the quantitative data collection tool, the MSLQ questionnaire, translated and validated according to Vallerand (89), was used for the collection of data before (pre-test) and after the pedagogical intervention (post-test). For the collection of qualitative data, the focus group interview method was conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Data analysis methods: for the quantitative data, we used the software "Statistical Package for the Social Sciences", version 20.0, for the qualitative data we carried out a thematic analysis. Results: our study showed a female predominance, the average age is 21.2 standard deviations of 0.7. For the results of MSLQ except for the "test anxiety" scale, all results from the motivation section showed an improvement in the post-test. The overall mean score of the motivation is much better with AS. This score was of the order of 3.93 following the APO to reach a score of 4.94 following the AS. The students' comments confirmed the statistical results with the emergence of the sub-themes as: commitment, regulation identified the feeling of improvement of performances and results. For learning strategies, with the exception of the time and environmental management scale, the results showed an increase in all items and mean post-test scores. The sayings students have argued and confirmed the quantitative results through a judicious deepening especially reflection in action and action, clinical reasoning, mobilization of knowledge and recognition of the expertise of others. The overall score of the learning strategies was of the order of 4.11 in pre test to reach a score of 4.56 in post-test. MSLQ's overall score showed a favorable improvement for AS. It was 4.02 following the APO to evolve to 4.75 by adopting AS. Finally, the students' comments show that the current conventional APO, applied in the context of the CMA, poses pedagogical constraints to take charge of its own learning. Conclusion: The experienced systemic Learning model in the competency-based approach is likely to have a positive impact on both the Motivational Profile and Learning Strategies and on the empowerment of Learning
Germain, C. "Le Conducteur routier, gestionnaire de contraintes". Paris, CNAM, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CNAM0095.
Texto completoBell, Lucy. "Les établissements du second degré et la lutte contre le décrochage scolaire : le cas des élèves de lycée professionnel en orientation contrainte". Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2042.
Texto completoIn order to be efficient, French poli-cies tackling school dropout tend to prioritise prevention, which requires for schools to be ac-tively involved. Vocational high schools are par-ticularly concerned, having the highest rates of student dropouts. This is due in part to the fact that entering a vocational high school is a default choice for a lot of students. The quantitative study that constitutes the first part of this research analyses the effect a voca-tional high school’s climate has on the experi-ence of students whose orientation was restrict-ed. The qualitative study concerns vocational high school actors’ representations of how to tackle school dropout. We analyse wether the predomi-nant conception amongst members of a school is the result of negociations by different actors, or if it is imposed by a group, and what the conse-quences are in terms of the measures and prac-tices’ efficiency to limit school dropout
Mejhed, mkhinini Meriem. "Ingénierie des connaissances et gestion de contraintes sémantiques. Application au cycle de vie du packaging". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK038.
Texto completoTo remain competitive and dynamic, companies try to circulate the knowledge of employees within their structure. The transfer of skills between employees is one of the major challenges for small and large companies.In this thesis work, we propose an approach combining the analysis of work enviroment and the semantic representation of know-how.This approach makes it possible to create a knowledge base in the company from experts. This database provides an answer to the problems of loss of expertise, and to the detection of previously resolved business constraints. The complete system helps the organization to optimize the feedback and the time spent in the various processes implemented. This system named PIKI is the result of an in-depth study on work psychology, the collection of know-how and its modeling
Riff, Jacques. "La planification comme stratégie d'adaptation aux contraintes de la tâche de l'enseignant d'EPS". Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON14001.
Texto completoMinko, Anton. "Evaluation qualitative des erreurs dans un système tuteur intelligent basé sur la simulation. : Application à la formation aéronautique". Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3026.
Texto completoThis thesis studies the general problems of information systems design and, more particularly, the Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). The human errors are current but often neglected phenomena, in the process of development of the interactive systems for human training. This memory aims at the improvement of training's quality by explicitly taking into account of the errors. We apply our study to the critical case of the automated risky systems and in particular to the aeronautical systems, for which the human errors can have very heavy consequences. Within this framework, we propose to classify the errors in three main categories (knowledge, ergonomy, psychology) according to their origins in order to offer a better management of them. The use of the formalism of qualitative simulation founded on an analysis of learner's history enables us to obtain an adaptive evaluation method usable in real time. A Pedagogical Agent belongs to a Multi-Agent System (SMA) enabling to design a modular and distributed architecture, and which can embark multiple expertises as well as the capabilities to manage several types of errors. The SMA ensures the immediate and differed feedback on the learner's actions, as well as the contact with the human instructor. The professional application (European project ASIMIL "Aero user-friendly SIMulation based dIstance Learning", aiming at designing a whole range of computer-assisted tools for the distance training to the personnel of the civil aviation) enabled us to implement our approach of design based on the cognitive aspects and to highlight the contribution of the qualitative methods for a cognitive approach of the Pedagogical Agent to manage the learner's feedback using an enriched model (knowledge, human engineering, psychology)
Proulx, Isabelle. "Définitions, conditions et défis de l'alliance parent-intervenant en contexte d'aide contrainte : points de vue des parents et des professionnels en centre jeunesse". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6672.
Texto completoGarnier, Annie. "Le rapport au savoir du professeur : entre contrainte et autonomie, une étude de cas lors d'un cycle d'enseignement de la gymnastique au collège". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30164.
Texto completoFouquereau, Nicolas. "Effet de conformité et gestion de contraintes en conception web : impact sur l’utilisabilité des sites et sur la perception de l’esthétique : études auprès de concepteurs professionnels et d'utilisateurs". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100130/document.
Texto completoThis thesis work proposes to study first the role of the fixation effect, which involves reworking of the existing features in the design activity, and then study its effects on the assessment aesthetic web pages made by users. Our general hypotheses are, firstly, that the fixation effect, described by much of the literature as a negative and repressible can be optimized by the conditions of consultation of the inspiration sources and thus improve the usability of web pages. Furthermore, we hypothesize that improving the usability of web pages can have a significant impact on user experience and influence factors that compose it, such as aesthetics and perceived usability. The results of six experiments conducted with professional web designers and web users have shown firstly that it is possible to constrain the fixation effect and how, in an application perspective, use this influence to optimize the consideration of usability. And secondly that the improvement of usability influence, to a certain extent, the aesthetic appreciation of web pages by users
Manceau, Corinne. "La formation professionnelle en prison : la transposition institutionnelle et l'environnement didactique en question". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0488.
Texto completoThis research concerns vocational training in a penitentiary context and what both prevents and promotes the diffusion of knowledge in this unusual training facility. The research is based on the framework of the anthropological theory of didactics and more particularly on the notion of institutional and personal relations. We examine, through socioeconomic data and legal texts, the influence of relations with prisons and prisoners on vocational training and, in some prisons, the nature of the conditions and constraints that drive the functioning of educational systems. The results of the research based on an interview survey as well as a questionnaire survey, reveals the incongruity of attempting to reproduce in prison what is happening in the free environment and invites us to rethink the didactic organization of vocational training so that it is more effective in terms of the prison's reintegration mission to which it contributes
Nicolas, Frédéric. "Entrer en agriculture biologique : sociologie politique d’une professionnalisation sous contrainte (1945-2015)". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCF006.
Texto completoHow does one get into organic farming? Even though it has gained its autonomy as a segment, organic farming is not free from the structural constraints imposed to farmers as an occupational group. To produce food without any pesticides is not only a technical matter. Behind that lies a struggle to define and control who is licensed to be a farmer. This struggle takes place both at an institutional and interpersonal level and revolves around the definition of farming. In that matter, the definition inherited from the “modernisation” period (from the 1950s onwards) still has consequences on the way farmers are selected, on the way extension services work and on the way farmers are represented by professional organisations. Our main aim is therefore to understand the effects of “professional farming” on the way people come to organic farming, practice it and talk about it, and on how it creates social and professional differentiation between organic farmers. First, we consider the effects of this new moral economy on the way organic farmers are represented. By analysing the archives of Raoul Lemaire, one of the first advocate of organic farming in France, we show that his moral crusade to represent small scale farmers – and organic farmers in particular – doesn’t succeed because the personal domination he wants to build his power on tends to be replaced by a less personal and more bureaucratic domination embodied by “la profession” : therefore, organic farming lacks visibility from the very beginning of its existence in France in the end of the 1950s. Then, relying on semi-structured interviews and on a survey, we emphasize that the institutional control of who is allowed to be an organic farmer doesn’t depend entirely on organic organisations. By focusing on the way people are recruited and work in specialised and non-specialised research and extension organisations, we show that the selection of the people who select farmers is paramount in reproducing the definition of the occupational territory inherited from the “modernisers”. Finally, relying on qualitative material (observations and semi-structured interviews mainly), we show that there are multiple ways to get into organic farming but also unequal means to resist to the modernisers’ moral economy: thus, being from a farmer’s background and/or being trained as an agronomist and/or having local social capital tend to differentiate some organic farmers form others. Therefore, the technical and symbolic unification of the farming occupational group that took place after 1945, still has important effects on the way the group, the organic segment and rural areas more generally are socially stratified
Salameh-Ayanian, Madonna. "L'évolution de la carrière des femmes cadres entre choix ou contraintes : le cas du secteur bancaire libanais". Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020041.
Texto completoWomen have always been an inherent part of the workforce. They have been playing a fundamental role throughout history; however, they have been considerably underrepresented in top management positions. The existent barrier between middle and top management positions entitled “Glass Ceiling” remains almost as impassable as it has been 20 years ago, even though the number of educated women who have entered the labor market has substantially increased. The purpose of this research is to identify why the number of women in the top management positions of the Lebanese banks remains minim. As such, the primary object lies in analyzing the correlation between the aspiration and ambition of women to access the highest levels in the organization’s hierarchy and the glass ceiling phenomena. Moreover, this study focuses on the leadership styles adopted by these women; it aims at measuring the impact of the adopted style on the hierarchical advancement in the chosen career. In Lebanon, the banking sector is eager to reduce professional discrepancies; however, these gaps remain existent between men and women. Several factors, some of which are explicit – such as training & development and mobility, others implicit such as the working schedules and the maternity leaves, interact and interrelate to explain the less favorable career paths that women face. A close-ended questionnaire has been communicated throughout a secured website to middle management women in 6 banks operating in Lebanon in order to determine the relationship between the identified dependant and independent variables. The hypothesis statements were accepted as true; stipulating that several factors affect the perpetuity of the glass ceiling
Godard, Paul. "Parallélisation et passage à l'échelle durable d'une chaïne de traitement graphique pour l'impression professionnelle". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2019/Godard_Paul_2019_ED269.pdf.
Texto completoThe strong and continuous improvements in the professional printing field have led to the ubiquity of printed objects in our daily life. The flexibility introduced by the digital printing process promises to associate extensive customization with mass production. The quick growth of printing usages and technologies, illustrated by wider printer farms and faster digital presses, leads to original challenges for the computer system in charge of driving them. In this thesis, we explore new approaches inspired by the high performance computing field to speedup the graphics processing necessary to digital printing. To achieve this goal, we introduce a distributed system which provides the adequate flexibility and performance by exploiting and optimizing both processing and synchronization techniques. We present our architecture up to the subtle parts of its implementation which allows our solution to meet the specific constraints on generating streams for printing purpose. We perform a complete evaluation of our solution and provide experimental evidence of its great performance and viability
Voisin, Samuel. "L'enseignement de la proportionnalité en segpa : contraintes, spécificités, situations". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22087.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate the teaching of proportionality to 11 to 16-year old pupils registered in special-needs schools including pupils with more severe learning disabilities.Studies related to the teaching of mathematics have shown that the understanding of proportionality by pupils up to middle school age and more particularly by children with significant learning difficulties is often inappropriate. In order to find out if an adjustment can be made without any impact on the knowledge requirements, we experimented a teaching plan concerning the learning of proportionality by children with special-needs in the context of our study. We insist on the importance of the organization of the different types of knowledge within this teaching plan and also on the relevance of backgrounds and values of numerical didactical parameters. Analysis of our observations is carried out with statistical implicative analysis, Theory of Didactical Situations and with the frame of the double approach used to analyse the practices of teachers.The implementation of such a teaching plan requires, for teachers, mathematical knowledge. In order to reactivate this knowledge, we propose a symbolic scheme for each resolving technique applied to problems involving direct proportionality
Voisin, Samuel. "L'ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA PROPORTIONNALITÉ EN SEGPA Contraintes, spécificités, situations". Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939795.
Texto completoNguyen, Thi hai yen. "Multiple exposures and co-exposures to chemical neurotoxic agents and intense physical constraints among male blue-collar workers in the agriculture, manufacturing, and construction sectors in France Multiple Exposures and Co-exposures to Occupational Hazards among Agricultural Workers: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies". Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0065.
Texto completoA wide range of studies has demonstrated the relationships between diverse types of occupational exposures,taken independently, and adverse health outcomes. Yet, the prevalence and impact of multiple occupational exposures or co-exposures have rarely been explored despite the ubiquity of numerous hazards. Therefore, multiple occupational exposures/co-exposures and their impact on health are considered as a major challenge of epidemiologic research inthe occupational health and safety area. A systematic review concerning the agriculture sector was carried out based on the titles, abstracts and fulltexts screening of 36,404 initial articles from 5 well-known databases and 2 North American complementary sources. The findings from the 15 papers finally included suggested that multiple chemical exposures were significantly associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases, cancers, DNA and cytogenetic damages. Multiple physical exposures were shown to increase the risk of hearing loss while co-exposures to physical and biomechanical hazardswere associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders. However, no studies included in the systematic review explored either occupational co-exposures to both physical and chemical factors or occupational co-exposures to biomechanical and chemical factors.The results described in the systematic review raised the necessity to conduct further studies multipleoccupational exposures and co-exposures among workers. Therefore, multiple occupational exposures and coexposures’ prevalences to chemical neurotoxic agents (CNAs) and intense physical constraints (IPCs) were examined among 5,587 French male blue-collar workers (BCWs) in the agriculture, manufacturing, and construction sectors based on the cross-sectional and national SUMER 2010 survey. About 6% of male BCWs were co-exposed to IPCs andCNAs in these three sectors (p=0.29). Multiple exposures to IPCs was predominantly observed (35%, p <0.001), while multiple exposures to CNAs was much lower (2%, p <0.001) among male BCWs in three sectors.The findings highlight the necessity to carry out further studies on multiple occupational exposures/coexposures to diverse hazards and their impact on workers’ health. These further researches are required to improve occupational safety and the efficiency of health care surveillance and occupational disease prevention
Javerlhiac, Sophie. "Pouvoir et vouloir se former : Les Sportifs de Haut Niveau face au processus de reconversion : entre stratégies individuelles et contraintes institutionnelles, personnelles et systémiques". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00568916.
Texto completoNeyret, Robert. "Contraintes et déterminations des processus de formation des enseignants : nombres décimaux, rationnels et réels dans les Instituts universitaires de formation des maitres". Grenoble 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10081.
Texto completoDeltreil, Guillaume. "Matrices emplois expositions biomécaniques et troubles musculosquelettiques : comment modéliser au mieux les contraintes physiques par matrice dans la prédictivité des troubles musculosquelettiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2023. https://dune.univ-angers.fr/documents/dune17781.
Texto completoMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent a major occupational health issue. The growth in the number of workers affected by these pathologies is a marker of the worsening of working conditions. Job-exposure matrices area tool for assessing the impact on the relationship between these conditions and these disorders. The objective of this thesis was to study, from a lifetime perspective,musculoskeletal disorders based on data from job-exposure matrices and using statistical tools.The CONSTANCES job-exposure matrix was used as a source of exposure across this work. It is based on the cohort of the same name and gathers personal and work-related data concerning the general population. Through the development of a tool, it was possible to select a logistic regression model linking the interaction between the duration of exposure and the level of exposure with the appearance of the pathology within the framework of the study of knee pain. It was showed that the level of exposure was the most strongly impacting factor (1.34-2.81) on the onset of disorders, although the duration also increased (0.83-1.10) the risks. Secondly, it was possible to found that this same model should also be selected for the study of low back pain and severe hand pain, with similar results. Finally, using a machine learning tool, it was possible to adapt our model within the framework of the study of the imbalance data. Tor the carpal tunnel surgery, the impact of the duration (1.29) was more important than in the other studies but it is the level of intensity (1.31) which remained the most determining.In conclusion, the job-exposure matrices made it possible to obtain an assessment of the impact of different factors on the occurrence of several disorders, even in a context of data imbalance, although many more studies are needed before it can be applied by practitioners
Huret, Audrey. "La gestion du risque pénal par les établissements de santé". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10005/document.
Texto completoThe health is a particular domain within which the human interests are confronted with the reality of the cost of the delivery of care. In this context, it is then necessary to wonder about a particular question that is the management of the penal risk by the establishments of health. This problem is essential because the protection of the health and the conservation of the physical integrity of the patient, but also the staffs and every outside person, are at the heart of their activity. Their objective is then to look after by facing a large number of constraints, sanitary but also economic, by avoiding the realization of the penal risk, and same by maintaining the level of the latter at least and so avoid the commitment of any penal responsibility
Paris, Nancy. "La pratique infirmière en milieu psycho-légal : vers une compréhension des rapports sociaux de genre". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37039.
Texto completoNawaz, Shamaila. "Sex and the city : gender gaps in labor markets and economic geography". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1074.
Texto completoThis dissertation explores the geographical dimension of the gender gaps in the labor market. The investigated issues include the variation of urban wage premium across genders (chapter two), exploration of different mechanisms behind stronger location effects for females' labor market gains (chapter three), and the gender gap in the urban returns to experience (chapter four). The second chapter undertakes a cross-sectional analysis by using French data to estimate the urban wage premium and its variation across genders. The findings confirm the existence of an urban wage premium that is significantly higher for women. A twofold increase in employment density of an area results in a 2.4 percent reduction in the gender wage gap, which increases to 4 percent when we exclude manual workers occupational category. Contrary to the rest of the occupations, the density effect favors men in the manual workers category. The third chapter seeks to find the mechanisms behind the stronger location effects on labor market gains for women by employing the within estimate approach. Results suggest that half of the urban wage premium is contributed by the sorting of workers according to skill type across different areas. However, in addition to skill sorting other individual heterogeneities also contribute to the excess urban wage premium for females. Firm level agglomeration effects attribute a minor part to the excess urban wage premium for females. The left over premium is a result of pure urban effects (lower discrimination, better matching, urban amenities)
Richard, Frève Emilie. "Du bâton de berger à la souris d’ordinateur : les bergers ovins transhumants du sud-est de la France aux prises avec la bureaucratisation d’un métier-passion (2000-2020)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0188.
Texto completoThis dissertation examines how transhumance shepherding in Provence was transformed from the early 2000s to 2020 by a series of reforms to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) that increasingly normalized and bureaucratized the profession. Early in the 2000s, the policy focus placed on the “multifunctional” character of agriculture combined with the “decoupling” of agricultural aid increased shepherds’ economic dependance on “premiums” that were linked to stricter rules and norms. This shift changed shepherds’ work by requiring cross-compliance with environmental standards. These “public norms”cut across multiple sectors (transportation, health, environment) at different levels of governance (local, national, European), which often overlapped and contradicted one another. Shepherds responded to these norms not only as individuals working alone but also as part of a “localized professional group” (LPG) (Darré 1985) that includes shepherds with differing professional statuses (farmers, salaried workers). This Pastrille covers a vast area of transhumance and knowledge-sharing that spans the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region and its borderlands. The group includes shepherds of diverse social backgrounds and career paths who collectively define who shepherds can be and determine what work shepherds can do by establishing professional norms. This research focuses on how the confrontation between the “public norms” and the professional norms affected shepherds torn between the double bind of their desire for a specific work ethos that promoted the preservation of tradition and the demand to comply with new norms that undermined it.This research was conducted in immersion as a shepherd over a period of 15 years. I analyzed change in the ethos of this “localized professional group” and identified three phases of normative confrontation. An initial phase of incomprehension and rejection of measures deemed absurd was followed by a phase of violent confrontation when inspections and sanctions tightened. The final phase of relative appeasement came when shepherds chose to internalize new norms or resigned themselves to doing so. I considered the active and passive strategies implemented by shepherds to deal with the confrontation of norms and look at how representations and professional practices were reconfigured.How did a group that placed preservation of the community above self-affirmation change with time, leaving greater individual latitude in managing imposed “public norms”? How did greater economic dependence on premiums influence shepherds’ practices, by acceptance or by choice, to the detriment of the prior professional ethics? Furthermore, how did younger generations of shepherds adapt to them differently than their elders? How did a career pursued passionately by shepherds close to their herds progressively become a more professionalized occupation taken up by breeders who distance themselves from their livestock? How did development-driven changes, formerly perceived as external to the group, become more familiar and internal as the group’s structure and the contours of its identitychanged and “public norms” were internalized? By examining shepherds in the PACA region, this dissertation contributes to debates on bureaucratization of contemporary societies and considers the impact of rapidly cumulating norms and standards on professional groups and the meaning of work
Benseghir, Chama. "Les limites contemporaines à la liberté de distribuer les crédits bancaires". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB243.
Texto completoThe latest financial crisis and successive sovereign debt crises have highlighted the major challenge of framing the market for the distribution of bank credit. The main question was whether or not it would be appropriate to give up on a bit of freedom for more security in the credit distribution process. In this respect, two paths have basically cohabited in the establishment of limits to total freedom. On the one hand, legislators and regulatory bodies have undertaken, from the internal level to the international level, and also the Community level, to frame the intrinsic characteristics of the players in the credit market and their legal environment. This framework has been driven by international bodies, which are quicker to react in the event of a crisis, but has gradually been adapted and integrated into positive law. This integration has had the primary effect of giving it a normative character. Thus, normative, legal or regulatory provisions have become a major instrument to limit individual risks and prevent systemic risk. As such, the standard, in the broad sense of the term, has been applied whenever a risk has been proven or suspected. The almost natural pitfall has been a near-exponential inflation of standards and a juxtaposition of levels of normativity. Awareness of this situation has led to the coexistence of "hard law", which is both binding and rigid, with a more flexible and pragmatic law. As a result, positive law has seen the emergence of so-called "professional" obligations which govern not the person of the credit grantors, but their behaviour when they establish a contractual credit relationship. The almost natural pitfall has been a near-exponential inflation of norms and a juxtaposition of levels of normativity. The awareness of this situation has led to the coexistence of hard law, binding and rigid, with a more flexible and pragmatic law. Therefore, the positive law has seen the appearance of so-called "professional" obligations, which govern not the person of the credit providers, but their behavior when establishing a contractual credit relationship. Professional obligations are not intended to fulfill the same purpose as the norm in the literal sense, they are intended to provide guidance and information in order to establish flexible, pragmatic and flexible standards for credit agreements. The credit agreement is becoming more complex, requiring the intervention of a flexible and easily adaptable right, the primary motivation of which is not coercion or punishment, but support in the life of the contract. The professional obligation is to be seen as a "standard of behaviour".Thus, this study attempts to demonstrate how the duality of intervention between prudential standard and professional obligation undoubtedly preserves the integrity of the credit distribution market, but that this duality also risks, in certain situations, to call into question its operating principles
Therriault, Pierre-Yves. "Effets des changements organisationnels et technologiques sur la santé mentale de machinistes". Thèse, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14172.
Texto completoNguyen, Thi-Hai-Yen. "Multiple exposures and co-exposures to chemical neurotoxic agents and intense physical constraints among male blue-collar workers in the agriculture, manufacturing, and construction sectors in France". Thesis, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0065.
Texto completoA wide range of studies has demonstrated the relationships between diverse types of occupational exposures,taken independently, and adverse health outcomes. Yet, the prevalence and impact of multiple occupational exposures or co-exposures have rarely been explored despite the ubiquity of numerous hazards. Therefore, multiple occupational exposures/co-exposures and their impact on health are considered as a major challenge of epidemiologic research inthe occupational health and safety area. A systematic review concerning the agriculture sector was carried out based on the titles, abstracts and fulltexts screening of 36,404 initial articles from 5 well-known databases and 2 North American complementary sources. The findings from the 15 papers finally included suggested that multiple chemical exposures were significantly associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases, cancers, DNA and cytogenetic damages. Multiple physical exposures were shown to increase the risk of hearing loss while co-exposures to physical and biomechanical hazardswere associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders. However, no studies included in the systematic review explored either occupational co-exposures to both physical and chemical factors or occupational co-exposures to biomechanical and chemical factors.The results described in the systematic review raised the necessity to conduct further studies multipleoccupational exposures and co-exposures among workers. Therefore, multiple occupational exposures and coexposures’ prevalences to chemical neurotoxic agents (CNAs) and intense physical constraints (IPCs) were examined among 5,587 French male blue-collar workers (BCWs) in the agriculture, manufacturing, and construction sectors based on the cross-sectional and national SUMER 2010 survey. About 6% of male BCWs were co-exposed to IPCs andCNAs in these three sectors (p=0.29). Multiple exposures to IPCs was predominantly observed (35%, p <0.001), while multiple exposures to CNAs was much lower (2%, p <0.001) among male BCWs in three sectors.The findings highlight the necessity to carry out further studies on multiple occupational exposures/coexposures to diverse hazards and their impact on workers’ health. These further researches are required to improve occupational safety and the efficiency of health care surveillance and occupational disease prevention
Pelletier, Karine. "Le harcèlement sexuel et la discrimination fondée sur le sexe et la grossesse : les tribunaux d'arbitrage et le Tribunal des droits de la personne". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17814.
Texto completoCloete, Adrian. "Situated Information and Communication Moralities : An Investigation into the Personal Use of the Internet in the Office Workplace". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19522.
Texto completoThis case-study investigation challenges the negative perception by organizations and researchers towards the personal use of the Internet in the workplace. While confirming that office employees in the field site were breaking explicit rules governing the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), this thesis provides evidence of informal relations between managers and their staff built on a tacit toleration of rule-violation. Their daily practices and interactions revealed a relationship that was shown to satisfy the conditions of a situated morality in promoting desired occupational identities and relaxing organizational constraints. Survey results, interview responses and observations of about 80 office workers and supervisors in a Canadian government department uncovered a desire to appear professional in spite of the non-work-related activity; Internet use as an informal compensation for time and effort; and a shared sense of trust to foster job satisfaction and productivity. Through these findings, answers are offered to explain how office workers negotiate what is acceptable in terms of non-work-related Internet use, and how supervisors justify their subjective enforcement of rules. Lastly, the research showed that personal Internet use in the workplace can yield positive outcomes and should not always be seen as “cyber-loafing” or “time banditry” as the literature has predominantly portrayed it since the Internet age entered the workplace. Lastly, this thesis raises questions as to the value of employee monitoring and organizational restrictions amid the increasing blurring of work and personal lives of 21st Century office workers.