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1
Rault, Wilfried. "L'invention du PACS : pratiques et symboliques d'une nouvelle forme d'union /". [Paris] : Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414278478.
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Brunet, Jean-Philippe. "La garantie des constructeurs en droit Franco-Québécois : perspective pour un modèle européen". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1068.
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La comparaison entre des systèmes civilistes et, plus particulièrement, la Province de Québec et la France, permet de confronter des expériences diverses au service de la construction de l'Union européenne. La méthode comparatiste peut, dans une approche régulatrice, permettre de réaliser une véritable intégration commune pour une matière comme la construction, au service des citoyens. Dans une perspective d'innovation législative, il s'agirait donc de modéliser des structures juridiques cohérentes pour une véritable Union européenne de la construction. La participation des constructeurs est requise aux débats, afin de faciliter l'intégration et l'application de la future norme commune, avec le concours d'une institution européenne dédiée. Mais comment respecter les diversités nationales, tout en cherchant à élaborer un principe « unioniste » dans l'objectif d'une harmonisation des délais au sein des États membres de l'Union européenne ? La trop grande diversité des délais spécifiques, dans le secteur de la construction, suscite en effet au sein de l'Union européenne la volonté de faire émerger un modèle européen, source future de stabilité et de prospéritéThe comparison between civil law systems and, more particularly, between the Province of Quebec and France, allows to confront diverse experiences in favor of the European Union's construction. The comparative method can, in a regulating approach, allow to realize a real common integration in such area as the construction, in favor of the citizens. In a perspective to innovate the legislation, it would be therefore a matter of modelling coherent legal structures for a real European Union of the construction. The participation of the builders in the debates is required, to facilitate the integration and the application of the future common standards with the support of a new European institution devoted for this mission.But how respect the national diversities, while seeking to set up a "unionist" principle keeping in mind the goal of full harmonization of the legal warranty periods settled down by the Member states of the European Union ? The very wide diversity of legal warranty periods in the construction's sector is an issue of real concern within the European Union to give rise to the new European model, a future source of stability and prosperity
3
Kiess-Moser, Paul Michael. "Labor union objectives under a multi-contract period time horizon". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26854.
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Most microeconomic models of Labor unions take the union's membership size as exogenous, and limit union members' time horizons to a single contract period. Particularly for unions allocating employment by means of a seniority system, and for unions facing stochastic demand for labor conditions, these limitations in current union models lead to unsatisfactory predictions of union behavior.
In this thesis, an n-period majority voting model of a monopoly union facing a fixed demand for labor schedule and allocating employment by seniority is developed to show the interdependence between the union's present wage choice, the size of the union's future voter pool and its future wage choices. Union members are assumed to predict the union's future voting behavior, and to account for the consequences of the retirement of senior union members. The optimal contract wage is shown analytically to be not lower than that wage which causes the layoff of twice the number of retiring workers per contract period in each contract period, and not to exceed the wage level at which half of the union's present voter pool would lose its union employment. Computer simulation solutions for various demand conditions suggest that after a potential sharp first-period increase in the contract wage, the union's contract wage path follows its analytically derived lower limit - with each contract, union employment declines by twice the number of retirees per contract period. The time path of union employment is shown to be largely independent of anticipated changes in demand for labor. A similar two-period model is developed for stochastic demand for labor conditions. For some cases, the union's wage choice can be shown to be lower when the consequences of this period's wage choice on next period's voter pool are taken into account. Majority voting instability problems cannot be ruled out for this type of model, and are interpreted as a potential cause for a union-internal political process.
These seniority-based models are then compared with models where union employment is allocated by a random draw among union members. With nonstochastic demand for labor, this allows for the analysis of discrete changes in union rules, and yields the principal prediction that the union will eventually replace an employment by random draw rule with employment according to seniority.
The economic approach to the analysis of union behavior is assessed critically, and put in some perspective by an informal discussion of other union-internal determinants of union behavior. In conclusion, it is suggested that the formal prediction of an ongoing gradual decline in union employment may be usefully amended by considering potential benefits from union size maintenance and union membership rejuvenation.Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate
4
Studnicki, Mickaël. "Droites nationales, genre et homosexualités en France. Des années 1870 aux années 2010". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL124.
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La thèse propose une histoire politique renouvelée des droites nationales françaises à travers l’étude de ses principales ligues (Action Française, Croix-de-Feu, Ligue des Patriotes), de ses mouvements (Front National), journaux et penseurs majeurs. Elle entend étudier les continuités, les mutations et les ruptures de ce courant politique en analysant la genèse, les variations et les évolutions de son discours sur les homosexualités sur la longue durée : des débuts de la Troisième République, lesquels correspondent à l'apparition de la catégorie de « l'homosexuel » et à la naissance des premiers mouvements nationalistes, jusqu'au début des années 2010 avec les débats sur le Mariage Pour Tous et la « théorie du genre »The thesis offers a renewed political history of the French national far right-wings through the study of its main leagues (Action Française, Croix-de-Feu, Ligue des Patriotes), its political movements (National Front), newspapers and major thinkers. It will study the continuities, transformations and breakings of this political trend while analyzing the genesis, changes and evolutions of its speech about homosexuality on a long time basis: from the beginnings of the Third Republic which match to the outbreak of the “homosexual” category and to the birth of the first national movements, until the early 2010s with the public debates about the Same Sex Marriage and the “gender theory”
5
Cheng, Chit-sum y 鄭哲琛. "The effectiveness of non-civil service contract staff in replacing civil servants". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46772509.
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Pérez, Hualde Alejandro. "The Public Services Concession Contract as a "Long Term" Contract". Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119148.
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In this article, the author highlights the benefits of incorporating the concepts “concession contract” and “long term contract” within the new Civil and Commercial Code of the Nation in Argentina. For the author, these contractual arrangements are fundamental in Administrative Law to understand the scope of the concession of public services, specifically in regard to the introduction of changes in the contract. This also means that foreign police concepts or theories as ius variandi, which only add authoritarian elements under the contract, are not longer required.En el presente artículo, el autor resalta los beneficios de la incorporación de los conceptos “contrato de concesión” y “contrato de larga duración” dentro del nuevo Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación argentina. Así, para el autor, estas figuras contractuales son fundamentales en el Derecho Administrativo para poder comprender los alcances del contrato de concesión de servicios públicos, específicamente, en cuanto a la introducción de variaciones en la ejecución del contrato. Ello conlleva, además, que ya no se tenga que recurrir a conceptospoliciales extraños o a teorías como la del ius variandi que únicamente añaden elementos autoritarios en el marco del contrato.
7
Houston, David. "Rethinking marriage : Vermont's Civil Union Bill". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32917.
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On April 26, 2000, Governor Howard Dean of the State of Vermont signed into law the Civil Union bill. The first of its kind in the United States, it extended the rights of marriage to same-sex couples. Holding that the rights of homosexual couples flowed from the Common Benefits clause of the State Constitution, this bill was the result of a contentious judicial and legislative process. Preceding as it did the state and national election contests later in the year, the Civil Union law generated anger, discord, elation and fear. In the year following its passage, Vermonters came to terms with this bill in many ways. This study considers the antecedents and the consequences of this bill.
8
Abdo, Mohamed Hassan. "Liquidated damages in multi-contract construction projects". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49998.
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Flynn, Matt. "Having a say in the union : the experience of non-civil servants in a civil service union". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421947.
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DORIS, Martin. "Dealing with divergence dispute avoidance and detrimental reliance in European contract law". Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7080.
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Defence date: 28 May 2007Examining board: Prof. Christian Joerges, European University Institute, Florence ; Prof. Jacques Ziller, European University Institute, Florence ; Prof. Horatia Muir Watt, Université Paris I ; Prof. Christoph Schmid, ZERP Bremen
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available
11
Ndekugri, Issaka E. "Construction contract information management : an integrated systems approach". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1986. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6731.
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Even by 1980 it was observed that software for construction management comprised many independent packages with different programming languages and hardware. By and large, not only were these packages stand alone systems but they were also not suitable for their individual functions. Not only do construction projects increase in complexity but competition and volatile markets also generate pressures for better management and that requires integrated and effective systems. The hypothesis of this research has been that computer technology and systems concepts can be used to develop the necessary tools that will make integration possible and effective. To that end, the following research has been undertaken: * an investigation of the causes of the lack of integration, *a survey of the operations of the management functions, * the specification, development and testing of a computer-based system called PLUS VAL to demonstrate the viability of integration, * an assessment of PLUS VAL. Causes of lack of integration revealed include: * segregated education, training and working of functional groups, * development of software by people without the relevant expertise, * inadequate research and failure to apply research findings due to the structure of the construction industry. A survey of the operations showed: * the various methods of carrying them out, * the flow of data among them, * their interdependencies. The major features of PLUS VAL are: * it assists valuations, purchasing management and cost control, * it can be linked to estimating, planninq and accounting, * it allows quick access to contract information. Its assessment which involved demonstrating it to and interviewing potential users, and comparisons with similar packages commercially available showed that: * It provides all the facilities that the users wanted * It covers all the methods of operations of companies contacted - * It is more comprehensive than those surveyed - * Integration is possible and provides such benefits as: . reduced costs of data capture, . better use of computer storage, . reduced turn around times of data processing, increased data consistency. The results of the research show that the application of computer technology and systems concepts can produce effective integrated systems which not only assists contractors in carrying out their obligations but also provide reliable information for decision-making.
12
Edwards, John Hairston. "Contract administration of Department of Defense environmental resoration contracts". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45733.
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Kalligeros, Konstantinos C. 1976. "Evaluation of construction contract termination as a control technique". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84806.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-97).
by Konstantinos C. Kalligeros.
S.M.
14
Pinto, Oliveros Sheraldine. "Critical remarks about simulation of contract in the Peruvian civil code". THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123859.
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Simulation is a complex legal operation in which the parties, with the aim of concealing their real intentions, have made two agreements: one apparent and the other one secret. Although simulation is dealt widely in Civil Law countries, the Civil Code of Peru shows some inconsistencies; especially, to employ a doctrinal classification, which describes different aspects of the fattispecie, as various fattispecie. Therefore, the author develops a critical and comparative analysis about simulation of contract in the Peruvian Civil Code.La simulación es una operación jurídica compleja caracterizada por el acuerdo de las partes para fingir un negocio jurídico o contrato, o para disimularlo, detrás de un negocio jurídico o contrato aparente.A pesar de que la simulación ha sido objeto de amplia atención en distintos ordenamientos jurídicos, el Código civil peruano posee numerosas incongruencias; especialmente, por elevar al rango de fattispecie diversas algunas de las clasificaciones doctrinarias que describen las distintas facetas de una misma fattispecie, es decir, la fattispecie simulatoria. Por ello, la autora desarrolla un análisis crítico de la simulación en el Código civil peruano desde el enfoque del derecho comparado.
15
Halvosen, Rick D. "Economic efficiency in transit service contracts : the role of contract structure". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12399.
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Hodder, Andrew John. "Trade union responses to civil service restructuring : organising in the Public and Commercial Services union". Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602977.
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This thesis explores the adoption of the organising model of union renewal by the Public and Commercial Services union (PCS) in response to membership decline and civil service restructuring. The neoliberal stance of successive UK Governments, together with the continuing decline of union influence and membership, have led unions to reassess their organisational and recruitment strategies. The growth in union renewal has seen many unions adopt both organising and partnership approaches since the formal re-launch of the TUC in 1994 (Heery, 1998). Despite organising now being a well-established tactic deployed by many unions, evaluating its effectiveness is problematic and requires further detailed research which transcends the extent to which organising fits the organising model. The central aim of this research is to: situate debates around union organising in a wider historical and political context; systematically examine the issues of structure and action in relation to union organising and union purpose; and provide a more holistic overview of one union's approach to organising by examining organising across different (horizontal and vertical) levels of union activity in a recognised environment. Hyman's (1994) model of internal union dynamics was adopted as a framework to examine the extent to which organising has been embedded in the structures of the PCS and the work of Simms (2007a) and Martinez Lucio and Stuart (2005) were applied where appropriate. The research findings extend and challenge the existing literature on union renewal with two case studies illustrating that different sections of the same union can be expected to engage with the organising agenda to varying degrees. This is dependent on the perceived purpose of the union amongst representatives, as well as structural factors such as the employer's organisation of services and employment, the union's own internal structures, and crucially bargaining locus and scope.
17
Buchanan, T. "British trade union internationalism and the Spanish Civil War". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381789.
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Cook, Deborah. "Civil society in Wales and European Union policy-making". Thesis, University of South Wales, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434813.
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Busschaert, Gautier. "Participatory democracy in the European Union : a civil perspective". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28976.
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Because representative democracy may be reaching its limits, the EU has turned to participatory democracy. The participatory turn is torn between a moderate and a radical version. The moderate version revitalises the Community Method (CM) by formalising the dialogue of European institutions with organised civil society, while the radical version celebrates its demise as a chance for national governments to coordinate their policies in partnership with civil society through the Open Method of Coordination (OMC). In order to assess the participatory turn, this thesis takes the view that civil society is a pluralist sphere of participation between state and market wherein deliberative democracy realises its full potential. Democratisation proceeds whenever civil society manages to assert influence over state and market without falling prey to their colonising tendencies. This emancipatory process has so far taken place within the context of national welfare states. The fundamental question raised by the turn to civil society is whether multilevel social Europe will be able to continue this trend. Therefrom arise three research questions which this thesis explores in detail. Firstly, does European economic law colonise civil society? Secondly, is social Europe democratic in the sense that it opens European governance to the democratic influence of civil society? And finally, is social Europe effective, that is, able to protect civil society from European economic integration? The first question is essential, for a civil society colonised by markets would be in no position to legitimise social Europe at a time where it more than ever needs its protection. The last two questions require that radical OMC be compared with moderate CM, so as to critically assess whether the former performs better than the latter.
20
Lin, Zhengping. "A decision support system for determining the optimal contract size in a construction superproject". Tokyo : Construction Management & Infrastructure Systems Lab., Dept. of Civil Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 1999. http://books.google.com/books?id=XpBRAAAAMAAJ.
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Cardoso, Luiz Philipe Tavares de Azevedo. "A onerosidade excessiva no Direito Civil brasileiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-19112010-082708/.
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Esta dissertação tem como tema a onerosidade excessiva no direito civil brasileiro. Primeiramente, fazem-se necessários uma noção inicial da figura, uma delimitação conceitual do problema e uma síntese de seu desenvolvimento histórico no direito civil brasileiro. Feito isso, são apresentadas as teorias utilizadas para sua fundamentação pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência brasileiras antes do advento de texto legal expresso sobre a matéria. Concluída essa fase preparatória, adentra-se no direito positivo vigente, precisamente no Código Civil, para explicar o conteúdo da onerosidade excessiva, de seus pressupostos e de suas conseqüências. São diretamente estudados os artigos 478, 479, 480, 317 e ainda outros específicos de alguns tipos contratuais. São abordados ainda alguns tópicos correlatos que finalizam o entendimento da matéria, como os pressupostos negativos da figura, sua incidência em contratos de sinalagma indireto e nos contratos aleatórios e as diferenças nos pressupostos para sua configuração no Código de Defesa do Consumidor.The theme of this dissertation is known in english as hardship, which means the fundamental alteration of the equilibrium of the contract. Firstly, it is necessary to make an introductional notion of the figure, a conceptual delineation of the problem and a summary of its historical evolution in the brazilian civil law. After that, it is presented the theories used by authors and courts to reason the solution of the problem before the existence of legal text about the issue. Then, we study the related articles of the Brazilian Civil Code to explain the content of hardship, the content of its requirements, and the content of its consequences. The articles 478, 479, 480, 317 are directly studied, and also other articles from particular named contracts. Some related issues finalize the understanding of the theme, as the negative requirements of the figure, its incidence in some particular categories of contracts, and the difference of its requirements in the Consumer Defense Code.
22
Toyama, Miyagusuku Jorge Luis. "Validity and efficacy of the labor contract". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116240.
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The validity and efficacy of the labor contract as well as cases of nullity and defeasibility import an analysis of scopes of the supplementary application of Civil Code taking into account the peculiarities of Labor Law. Labor contract, while legal business has as regulatory framework to the regulations of Civil Code but it is necessary to determine, in each case, whether to apply fully this normative body, or modulate its supplemental application, or simply conclude that it doesn’t result compatible its regulation due to the special nature of labor relations. Specifically, this issue will be analyzed from cases of nullity and defeasibility of the labor contract.La validez y eficacia del contrato de trabajo así como los supuestos de nulidad y anulabilidad importan un análisis de los alcances de la aplicación supletoria del Código Civil teniendo en cuenta las peculiaridades del Derecho del Trabajo. El contrato de trabajo, en tanto negocio jurídico, tiene como marco de regulación a las disposiciones del Código Civil pero es necesario apreciar, en cada caso, si corresponde aplicar plenamente este cuerpo normativo, o modular su aplicación supletoria, o simplemente concluir que no resulta compatible su regulación por la naturaleza especial de las relaciones laborales. Especialmente, este tema será analizado a partir de los supuestos de nulidad y anulabilidad del contrato de trabajo
23
Chong, Chi-ming y 莊智明. "Non-civil service contract staff in Hongkong Post: a study of recruitment policy". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50254960.
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Among all the human resources management and actions in a government department, recruitment plays a vital role in support of its daily operation and service delivery, where the Hongkong Post is no exception. In particular, the Hongkong Post is operated in a dual mode of a government department and business-like organization, thus the process of drawing in suitable employees through recruitment means to facilitate the department in meeting the organizational objectives, sustaining its financial viability and extending its service scope is above all important. Given the increasing workforce of non-civil service contract staff in the Hongkong Post, the traditional recruitment policy for civil servants is considered not applicable or feasible so that a tailor-made recruitment policy has to be formulated and implemented for employing non-civil service contract staff from managerial to non-managerial levels and at frontline and backend positions. This dissertation is going to study the characteristics and uniqueness of the recruitment policy of the Hongkong Post for employing non-civil service contract staff.
Upon close examination of the recruitment policy, it is identified that even though the Hongkong Post is conditioned by the service-wide requirements as laid down by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for recruiting non-civil service contract staff, it is able Upon close examination of the recruitment policy, it is identified that even though the Hongkong Post is conditioned by the service-wide requirements as laid down by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for recruiting non-civil service contract staff, it is able to develop its own features and put in place tailor-made arrangements in such recruitment policy to suit its operational needs and manpower requirements. On this, remarkable dynamics can be seen in the recruitment policy for non-civil service contract staff when it interacts with external environment and evolves within the department in the light of internal human resources process. It also reveals the fluid, ever-changing and adaptable nature of the recruitment policy, which stands peculiar to the Hongkong Post given its unique mode of operation.
The study on the recruitment policy of the Hongkong Post will be based on a solid academic ground which is formed by different but relevant concepts and theories of studying recruitment policies and actions of government departments under the New Public Management and other associated development, which touches on both the closely intertwined aspects of the external environment and internal process. It is delightful to note that while the Hongkong Post meets the advocacies of a majority of the available academic framework, it can supplement the academic reference through its practical experience and implementation. All these facilitate the in-depth analysis of the topic at the moment as well as shed lights for the future study of similar subjects in similar organizations.published_or_final_version
Politics and Public Administration
Master
Master of Public Administration
24
陳嘉詠 y Ka-wing Ada Chan. "A review of the non-civil service contract scheme of the HKSAR Government". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41014832.
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Chan, Ka-wing Ada. "A review of the non-civil service contract scheme of the HKSAR Government". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41014832.
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Henderson, Hermanus Johannes Cornelius. "Expectations and obligations of the member-union relationship : a psychological contract perspective / Hermanus Johannes Cornelius Henderson". Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3721.
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This qualitative research paper employs psychological contract theory, in order to determine the existence of a psychological contract between trade unions and their members. This is accomplished through identifying the underlying expectations and obligations that govern this relationship. The identified expectations and obligations are categorised into themes according to similarity, and motivated through literature on psychological contract theory and other relevant theories. This article proposes and tests a psychological contract measure specifically designed for the member-union exchange relationship. The study expands on previous research, and motivates the findings of this article through relevant literature. A high level of validity and reliability is maintained throughout the article by complying with the criteria set out by Freese and Schalk (2008) for the effective measurement of the psychological contract. The article concludes that the questionnaire compiled for this study, is in fact an accurate, reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of the Member-Union Psychological Contract, and also indicates the current emotional state of the member-union relationship in the education sector in South Africa.Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Ferriani, Carlos Alberto. "Responsabilidade civil na empreitada". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6707.
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Carlos Alberto Ferriani.pdf: 1190065 bytes, checksum: 8249a834665b5203c46a0d18bcd5c40c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015-02-25The paper was carried out as a Master Civil Law Degree conclusion and was compared with the civil liability from a contract job result. Therefore, it is not just a question of civil responsibility to the contractors, but also his. It is composed of 3 parts: the first one regarding the main features of a contract job, with reference to obligations originated from an agreement between the parties; the second regarding civil liability as a whole, either contractual or extracontractual, aiming at spotting, on the whole, aspects which might be related to any transaction of a contracting part at issue, as well as any casual aftermath that may reach third parties; the last one, aimed at highlighting the public works contractor civil liability who represents considerable proportions and what oftentimes happen; As an analysis, it was aimed at demonstrating that despite the fact that there are only few literal amendments occurred along with 2012 code edition, any contract must, nowadays, be finished and implemented in accordance with ethics, sociability and practicality principles. Instead of individualistic conceptions, the collaborationist one was applied, that means, instead of personal interest antagonism, this argues in favors of altruist spirit of cooperation, in order to obtain satisfactory results to the involved parties. Whether any change happened with the contracts, also related to civil liability, nowadays, some advances were seen and required, it is also important to mention the article 927 broad questions insertion, civil code sole paragraph. The contract job is not unfamiliar to this innovative influence. On the contrary, as any transaction, it must be celebrated, appreciated and implemented in the light of law general rules and principles which face north to pursue this process it is not an exaggeration to claim the common good and the neminem laedere. Some foreign degree texts were analyzed, pursuant to article 618 of the Brazilian Civil Code. It is also highlighted two ways of a contractor liability for a considerable work, one regarding the one who requests, and the other regarding third parties. Another concern is the analysis of each one s liability basics. At last, it was sought to show some reflexes in transactions not only between the contracting parts, but also among themselves and strangers, under changes focus have been taking place
O trabalho que está sendo apresentado como conclusão do curso de mestrado em direito civil comparado versa sobre a responsabilidade civil decorrente do contrato de empreitada. Logo, não trata apenas da responsabilidade civil do empreiteiro, mas também da dele. Está constituído de três partes: uma dedicada à análise das características principais do contrato de empreitada, com alusão às principais obrigações provenientes da convenção entre as partes; outra alusiva ao tema da responsabilidade civil em geral, tanto contratual quanto extracontratual, com vistas a localizar, neste contexto generalista, os aspectos que se relacionam com os contratantes do negócio jurídico em causa, bem como os efeitos que podem eventualmente alcançar terceiros; e a última, em que se procurou dar destaque especial para a responsabilidade civil do empreiteiro de obras de construção civil de proporções consideráveis, que é a que mais freqüentemente tem lugar no mundo dos fatos. Ao examinar a empreitada, visou-se a demonstrar que não obstante as poucas alterações literais que ocorreram com a edição do Código de 2002, qualquer contrato deve, na atualidade, ser concluído e executado em conformidade com os princípios da eticidade, da socialidade e da praticidade. No lugar da concepção individualista, instalou-se decididamente a colaboracionista, isto é, em vez do antagonismo dos interesses, impõe-se o espírito altruísta de cooperação, para que se alcance o resultado que mais plenamente satisfaça aos propósitos das partes envolvidas. Se com os contratos ocorreram mudanças, também com relação à responsabilidade civil, foram apontados avanços que os tempos atuais exigiram, bastando lembrar a inserção da regra de cunho geral do artigo 927, parágrafo único do Código Civil. O contrato de empreita não ficou alheio a esta influência inovadora. Ao contrário, como qualquer negócio jurídico, há de ser celebrado, apreciado e executado à luz destas regras gerais e dos princípios que servem de norte para esse processo que persegue, de modo obstinado --- não é exagero afirmar ---, o bem comum e o neminem laedere. Analisaram-se alguns textos de diplomas estrangeiros, correspondentes ao artigo 618 do Código Civil brasileiro. Destacaram-se também as duas espécies de responsabilidade do empreiteiro de obras consideráveis, uma com relação àquele que a encomenda, outra em relação a terceiros. Também constituiu preocupação a análise do fundamento de cada uma dessas espécies de responsabilidade. Enfim, procurou-se mostrar os reflexos desse negócio jurídico não só entre as partes contratantes, mas entre elas e estranhos, sob o foco das mudanças que estão acontecendo
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Reinhardt, Markus. "Civil-military relations in the European Union and "Innere Fuehrung"". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FReinhardt.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Abenheim, Donald ; Rogalski, Dirk (German Air Force, Visiting Lecturer). "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Civil-military relations, European Union, Innere Fuehrung, European Security and Defense Policy, ESDP, Common Security and Defense Policy, CSDP, citizen in uniform, EU Military Integration. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-69). Also available in print.
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Arkan, Seda. "The Effects Of European Union Funding On Turkish Civil Society". Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608152/index.pdf.
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The thesis explores the impact of European Union funding on
Turkish non-governmental organizations in the post-Helsinki
period. The European Union financial aids in the post-Helsinki
period is analysed with a specific emphasis on civil society and how Turkish civil society is affected from these financial aids. The search for impact analysis is done through case studies of three different civil society organisations at several levels. The organisations studied are, Women Entrepreneur&rsquos Support Foundation of Turkey (KAGiDER), Mother-Child Education Foundation (AÇ
EV) and Southeast Anatolia Project- Entrepreneurs Development Centres (GiDEM) The importance of these three cases is being representative of different strata of civil society and operating in priority areas in such as, women, entrepreneurship and basic education the pre-accession stage. The effects of EU funding will be analysed in different subject areas and levels, such as organisational changes, operational changes, mission differentiations and changes in relations with third parties. The study concludes with the analysis if these impacts have a permanent effect on Turkish civil society and civil society organisations, together with the critiques of the extent EU funds can be utilised by an average NGO.
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Ziebarth, Kurt W. "Civil-military relations in the Soviet Union : poised for conflict". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28029.
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Vorster, J. P. "Implied terms in the law of contract in England and South Africa". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234071.
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This thesis examines the bases for the implication of terms, the relation between interpretation and implication as well as the relation between the bases for the implication of terms and the theories of contract formation. There is authoriative support in England and South Africa for the following bases for the implication of terms: (a) unexpressed subjective consensus; (b) the reasonable expectation principle; (c) logic and/or the rational construction of the contract; (d) legal rules or incidents governing particular kinds of contractual relationships; and (e) the Moorcock doctrine. It is submitted the the Moorcock doctrine should be discarded, because it involves an artificial approach to the resolution of cntractual disputes which obscures the true reasons for the implication of terms in individual cases and is conducive to much uncertainty. The law will be none the poorer if the doctrine is abandoned, because the courts' powers to interpret contracts and to recognise novel legal rules governing particular kinds of contractual relationships are adequate tools for the resolution of contractual disputes. It is shown that the courts frquently manipulate the principles of the Moorcock doctrine in the interest of justice. This practice has obscured the emergence of a principle to counter-balance the doctrine of sanctity of contract. It is argued that the appropriate counter-balancing principle is that the courts have the power to adopt and apply rules governing particular kinds of contractual relationships after an evaluation of the competing considerations of policy attending the kind of relationship in question. Examples of specific policy considerations which may be of assistance in this regard are supplied. The influence of English law on the South African law relating to implied terms is examined.
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Van, den Berg Marijn. "Barriers and the success factors for the implementation of the NEC within the civil engineering industry of South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96666.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: After its introduction in 1993, the use of the NEC is still limited in the civil engineering industry of South Africa. The benefits of the NEC however appear to be promising. This research identifies the barriers of a NEC adoption. Moreover, in order to recommend strategies and measures to achieve a better NEC adoption, required success factors for a NEC implementation are investigated. Beneficial insights for South Africa are gained from the Dutch UAV-GC introduction experiences. A literature study is conducted to define the research needs and focus. Both contracts are analysed and compared. These findings are then used to validate the assumed advantages of the NEC by correlating them to the contract content. Subsequently, expert interviews are conducted in which the advantages, disadvantages, barriers for adoption and success factors for implementation of the NEC are explored. Interviews with seven South African experts also contained a short-questionnaire. The short-questionnaire gave a quantitative context as validation for the qualitative advantages. In addition, three interviews with Dutch experts were conducted. In this manner the Dutch UAVGC introduction experiences were explored. In the research synthesis, findings from the various sources are validated. This is achieved through a comparison of the different methods applied in the study. The barriers identified as the main cause of obstruction to the NEC adoption are a lack of knowledge, understanding, education, effective training courses and skills in procurement strategy, contract management and general project management. Furthermore, there is a resistance from industry because of the preference for the South African contract forms. Another resistance is from employers, due to the desire for some grey area in their contract form. Principal success factors necessary for the implementation of the NEC are education, training, promotion, and a proper understanding of the NEC as well as its philosophy and benefits. Consequently, a culture change towards collaborations would be necessary. In addition employers must apply and improve their procurement strategies. As a result, the NEC would be identified as their best tool for procurement. A helpful success factor, extracted from the Dutch experience, is the requirement for knowledge sharing between governmental bodies in order to guide innovations. For optimum industry performance by the more frequent use of the NEC, this research has resulted in the following recommendations: • The industry should not be afraid to question tradition and to initiate the required cultural change towards increasing collaboration • An in uential South African institute should take responsibility for the promotion, monitoring and training of the NEC • Educate students on the NEC and other contracts based on all possible procurement strategies • An adoption strategy should be applied for inexperienced NEC parties • NEC should be used as the stimulator for improvement of South African project management practices in construction projects • Organize regular knowledge sharing meetings between governmental departments to stimulate and improve innovations • Employers should improve their procurement practices.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Na sy bekendstelling in 1993, is die gebruik van die NEC steeds beperk in die Suid- Afrikaanse ingenieursbedryf. Die voordele vir die gebruik daarvan blyk egter tog belowend te wees. Hierdie navorsing identifiseer die hindernisse wat gepaard gaan met die gebruik van die NEC in die bedryf. Die studie ondersoek ook die faktore wat 'n rol speel by die implementering van die NEC, om sodoende strategieë vir 'n meer omvattende gebruik van die NEC aan te beveel. Lesse om 'n nuwe kontrakdokument in die bedryf in te bring word geleer uit die Nederlandse ervaring met die UAV-GC. 'n Literatuurstudie is uitgevoer om die behoeftes en fokus van die navorsing te definieer. Beide kontrakvorms is geanaliseer en met mekaar vergelyk. Hierdie bevindinge is daarna gebruik om die voor- en nadele wat die NEC inhou te bevestig, deur dit te vergelyk met die inhoud van die kontrak. Onderhoude is gevolglik gevoer met industriedeelnemers waarin die voordele, nadele, hindernisse vir en die suksesfaktore vir die implementering van die NEC ondersoek is. Die sewe onderhoude wat met Suid-Afrikaanse deskundiges gevoer is, het elk 'n kort vraelys ingesluit. Die kort vraelys verleen 'n kwantitatiewe bevestiging van die bevindinge. Aansluitend is daar ook drie onderhoude met Nederlandse deskundiges gevoer. Op hierdie wyse is die Nederlandse ervarings ondersoek met die inlywing van die UAV-GC. In die navorsingsintese word die bevindinge van die verskillende bronne bevestig. Dit word bereik deur 'n vergelyking van die resultate van die verskillende metodes wat in die studie gebruik is. Hindernisse wat geïdentifiseer is as die hoof oorsaak vir die beperkte inlywing van die NEC in die bedryf, is die tekort aan kennis, begrip, opvoeding, effektiewe opleidingskursusse, vaardighede in aankoopstrategieë, tekort aan kennis oor kontrakbestuur en ook algemene projekbestuur. Boonop is daar teëstand van die bedryf weens die voorkeur vir Suid-Afrikaanse kontrakvorms. Verdere teëstand word verkry deur werkgewers vanweë die behoefte na grys area in hul kontrakte. Die belangrikste faktore wat benodig word vir die suksesvolle implementering van die NEC is opleiding, kennis en begrip van die NEC, asook begrip van sy filosofie en voordele. 'n Kultuur verandering, met die fokus op samewerking tussen partye, is noodsaaklik. Werkgewers moet verder hul aankoopstrategieë verbeter. 'n Nuttige faktor vir die suksesvolle inlywing van die NEC, verkry uit die Nederlandse ervaring, is die vereiste vir die uitruil van kennis onder staatsdepartemente om sodoende die veranderinge te lei. Om die gebruik van die NEC optimaal by die Suid-Afrikaanse ingenieursbedryf in te lei, het die navorsing tot die volgende gevolgtrekkings gelei: • Die bedryf moet nie huiwer om tradisie te bevraagteken nie. Dit is nodig dat kultuurveranderinge gemaak word om samewerking tussen partye te bewerkstellig • 'n Invloedryke Suid-Afrikaanse instituut moet verantwoordelikheid neem vir die bevordering, die monitering en opleiding vir die gebruik van die NEC • Studente moet opgelei word met blootstelling aan die NEC asook blootstelling aan 'n verskeidenheid van aankoopstrategieë • 'n Strategie moet ontwikkel word om partye wat onbekend is met die NEC daarvan bewus te maak • Die NEC moet gebruik word as bron wat die Suid-Afrikaanse projekbestuurs- en kontrakbestuuromgewings kan verbeter • Daar moet skakeling wees tussen staatsdepartemente om sodoende verandering te bevorder en te verbeter in aankoopstrategieë • Werkgewers moet hulle aankoopstrategieë en praktyke verbeter.
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Fung, Dominic Chi Ho 1978. "Strategy for penetrating engineering & construction markets in Southeast Asia for Singapore through BOT contract". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8161.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-116).
Singapore's economy is currently making structural adjustments resulted by the Financial Crisis of 1997, the burst of the Internet bubble in 2000, and the emergency of different powers in the region. Its export-oriented manufacturing and trading model, which has served the city-state well in the last decades, has gradually added a new driver in services. Yet, Singapore still faces the problem of having much of its success dependent on its export-oriented manufacturing. At the same time, privatization of public infrastructures has just started to take shape in Southeast Asia. The concept of privatization will unlock an unlimited amount of engineering & construction business potential. Together, these two major economic forces present a special opportunity for Singapore to use Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project delivery method to not only capture a solid share in the privatization market, but also secure a long-term demand for its engineering & construction services, and facilitate the city-state's dependence on manufacturing and trading. The goal of this paper is analyzing the prospect of this proposal, and to provide strategic planning that will maximize the gains for both Singapore and Southeast Asian countries, as well as minimize the risks they have to take.
by Dominic Chi Ho Fung.
S.M.
34
Chiang, Risharng. "Agency and incentive contract in private investment of transport project : an exploration of fundamental relationships". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8375.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-177).
This thesis codifies and relates critical incentive-design and financial-contracting issue to the unique principal-agent circumstances generated from private investment of transport infrastructure and provides a framework for designing incentive contract and increasing future economic efficiency gains (or minimizing loses). In the mathematical form, we uniquely integrated multitask agency and common agency into our modeling. The outcome could be simplified as: the equilibrium with n principals is exactly as if there is just one hypothetical principal with an objective function that is the sum of all the separate principals' objectives, but the agent's risk aversion is multiplied n-fold. Remember that the more risk averse the agent, the lower the power of the incentive scheme. Thus, the Nash equilibrium incentive scheme with n principals has, roughly speaking, only (/n)-th the power of the second-best scheme that would be offered by one truly unified principal. With promotion of incentive competition among the Government and the Board the incentives can be more powerful than those in the second-best. The reason is that each must now use a positive coefficient on the component of output that is of direct concern to him in order to divert the CEO from tasks that benefit the other. This competition among the Government and the Board leads them to raise those coefficients to higher levels. The most important predictions of the theoretical model are as follows. First, when transport service consumers view the output of tasks as complementary, CEOs should be given lower-powered incentives from the Board and higher-powered incentives from the Government.
(cont.) For government, to encourage efforts allocated to primary transport service, less complementary second activity should be discouraged. Second, when uncertainty across tasks is highly correlated, CEOs should also be given lower powered incentives. Indeed, a positive relationship increases the CEO's risk and therefore her need for insurance. A negative relationship, in contrast, is a source of risk diversification. From incentive regulation perspective, higher-powered incentive should be given when the relationship is positive and lower when it is negative. All of these predictions are confirmed by the empirical data.
by Risharng Chiang.
Ph.D.
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Howell, David Evan. "Aspects of general conditions of contract which give rise to dispute". Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1026.
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Thesis ( Masters Diploma(Civil Engineering))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1991The incidence of disputes has long frustrated effective management and completion of Construction Contracts. Very little material is available on the causes of disputes and how the respective General Conditions of Contract used in this country handle circumstances relating to these areas of dispute. Causes of dispute can be divided into two categories, namely Primary Causes and Secondary Causes. The Primary Causes are Time, Cost and Quality and the Secondary Causes are Risk. Variations and Alterations, Delays, Claims, Adverse Physical Conditions, Extensions of Time and Payment. All the secondary causes of dispute are risk related and a consideration of risk is therefore of utmost importance with regard to avoidance of disputes. To avoid disputes. risk has to be fairly allocated amongst the parties involved in the Contract. Before this can be done, however, risk first has to be identified and an attempt has to be made to reduce it. For a long time General Conditions of Contract have been used in this country which have been closely allied to British General Conditions. The General Conditions of Contract (1982) (Blue Book) is very closely allied to the I.CR General Conditions of Contract (4th edition). The latter contract was revised in 1979 and was generally considered to be more favourable toward the Contractor. It has become known as the LCE. General COnditions of Contract (5th edition). Both the General Conditions of Contract (1982) and the ESKOM General Conditions of Contract have recently been reVised, and on comparison of the clauses relating specifically to the major causes of disputes mentioned preViously, were found to be more biased in favour of the Employer and more closely allied to the C.S.R.A. General Conditions of Contract 1986, also widely used in South Africa The major reason for having drawn this conclusion is that in the case of GC C '90 and ESKOM '90, all claims have to be made in accordance with a general claims clause which involves a procedure which subjects the Contractor to unfair requirements and allocates risk unfairly on him. The General Conditions of Contract 1990 do, however, represent improvements in certain respects, namely with respect to clauses relating to Care of Works, Excepted Risks, Valuation of Variations, Monthly Payments, Time of Payments and Correction or Withholding of Certificates. No set of General Conditions can provide a completely equitable situation and each has its pros and cons. This thesis should provide an easy reference as to which are the major causes of disputes and as to how the respective General Conditions of Contract in this country handle the circumstances relating to these areas of dispute. It will also put forward recommendations on how disputes can be avoided and how certain clauses of the relevant documents can be improved.
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Ip, Bonnie Wai Yue. "Morale of the non-civil service contract staff in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region". access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-sa-b21431267a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006."A capstone project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Public Policy and Management at City University of Hong Kong." Title from title screen (viewed on Oct. 26, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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Klaser, Klaudijo. "Three Economic Extensions of John Rawls's Social Contract Theory: European Fiscal Union, Tax Compliance and Climate Change". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367793.
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In my thesis I apply the ethical model developed by John Rawls (1999) to three systems which have an economic dimension: European Union, tax compliance and environmental sustainability. With this task my purpose is to answer to the following overarching research question: is an impartial and non-binding agreement, conceived in a Rawlsian frame, sufficient to generate fair and stable redistributive institutions? This general research question is then addressed and inflected according to the specific economic domains mentioned above.
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Klaser, Klaudijo. "Three Economic Extensions of John Rawls's Social Contract Theory: European Fiscal Union, Tax Compliance and Climate Change". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2019. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/3697/1/PhD_thesis_Klaudijo_Klaser.pdf.
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In my thesis I apply the ethical model developed by John Rawls (1999) to three systems which have an economic dimension: European Union, tax compliance and environmental sustainability. With this task my purpose is to answer to the following overarching research question: is an impartial and non-binding agreement, conceived in a Rawlsian frame, sufficient to generate fair and stable redistributive institutions? This general research question is then addressed and inflected according to the specific economic domains mentioned above.
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Wolf, William K. "The Soviet Union and the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War". Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261320710.
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Деревянко, Богдан Володимирович, Bogdan Derevyanko y Богдан Владимирович Деревянко. "Окремі суперечливі моменти у § 1.1 концепції оновлення Цивільного кодексу України". Thesis, Київ-Ірпінь: НАН України; ДУ «ІЕПД імені В.К. Мамутова НАН України», 2021. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11491.
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У тезах доповіді показано, що наявні у § 1.1 концепції оновлення Цивільного кодексу України положення про визнання таким, що втратив чинність Господарського кодексу України, виходять за межі предмета оновлення самої концепції, є недоведеними та такими, що у випадку реалізації призведуть до колапсу в економіці і зашкодять тисячам українських підприємств, установ, організацій, їх обʼєднанням, негативно вплинуть на і без того не надто стабільний інвестиційний клімат. Концепція оновлення Цивільного кодексу України повинна містити положення, покликані саме оновити Цивільний кодекс України. І тільки у такому випадку від неї буде значна користь.В тезисах доклада показано, что существующие в § 1.1 концепции обновления Гражданского кодекса Украины положения о признании утратившим силу Хозяйственного кодекса Украины, выходят за пределы предмета обновления самой концепции, являются недоказанными и такими, что в случае реализации приведут к коллапсу в экономике и навредят тысячам украинских предприятий, учреждений, организаций, их объединениям, негативно повлияют на и без того не слишком стабильный инвестиционный климат. Концепция обновления Гражданского кодекса Украины должна содержать положения, призванные обновить именно Гражданский кодекс Украины. И только в таком случае от нее будет значительная польза. In the abstracts of the report it is shown that the provisions in § 1.1 of the concept of updating the Civil Code of Ukraine on recognizing as invalid the Economic Code of Ukraine go beyond the subject of updating the concept itself, are unproven and that in case of implementation harm thousands of Ukrainian enterprises, institutions, organizations, their associations, negatively affect the already not very stable investment climate. The concept of updating the Civil Code of Ukraine should contain provisions designed to update the Civil Code of Ukraine. And only in this case it will be of great benefit.
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Xavier, Jose Tadeu Neves. "A nova dimensão dos contratos no caminho da pós-modernidade". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13169.
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A sociedade atual passa por uma fase de transição entre o modelo moderno e o pósmoderno, criando um novo paradigma para o convívio social, o que acaba por se refletir no pensamento jurídico. Assim, o contrato, na condição de instrumento essencial para a realização das trocas econômicas e tutela de interesses jurídicos experimenta os reflexos dessas transformações sociais, o que acarreta modificações em sua formulação teórica e nos princípios que lhe servem de referência. Neste contexto a pós-modernidade impõe ao contrato a adoção de mega princípios, como o da função social e da boa-fé, além da necessidade de revisão dos seus postulados tradicionais, moldados agora sob a ótica dos valores constitucionais e buscando servir como meios adequados de enfrentamento da complexidade pós-moderna.Society nowadays goes through a transition between the Modern and Post-Modern models raising a new paradigm for sociabilization which means interfering on the juridical belief. Thus the Contract, in the condition of essential instrument to fulfill all the economic trades as well as a tutor of juridical interests, experiences the reflextions of these transformations which leads in adaptations on it’s theoretical formulation and also in the principles that are being used as reference. In this context, Post-Modernity imposes to the Contract, the adoption of mega principles as Sociability and Good Will, above all, commands the necessity of reviewing all traditional postulates now moulded over the constitutional values and looks for fitting in as a proper way of facing the Post-Modern complexity.
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Cheng, Yuen-fung Andy. "A study of the employment of non-civil service contract staff in the HKSAR government". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38597895.
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Cheng, Yuen-fung Andy y 鄭元峰. "A study of the employment of non-civil service contract staff in the HKSAR government". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38597895.
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Al-Anzy, Sami. "Unfair contract terms under the Kuwaiti Civil Code : a critical analysis and suggestions for reform". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5452/.
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The fundamental aim of this doctoral thesis is to appraise the protection model critically against unfair contract terms in Kuwait and propose solutions for its reform. The thesis examines the Kuwaiti Civil Code (KCC) provisions that regulate unfair terms in the context of the standard form of contracts (i.e., adhesion) and relevant case law. It primarily seeks to address two main issues: (i) why the Kuwaiti control model for the protection against unfair terms has failed and (ii) how it can be reformed. It argues that the existing control model has failed considerably in providing adhering parties with an adequate level of protection for two reasons. First, the regulation of unfair terms in the context of adhesion contracts is fraught with ambiguities and legal lacunae that render it flawed and ineffective. Second, the courts’ restrictive interpretation of what constitutes an adhesion has limited the protection to only a few types of contracts. The thesis explores how the protection model can be overhauled and, where relevant, uses European Union Council Directive 93/13/EEC on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts as a normative framework to offer proposals for law reform. To achieve this end, the thesis is divided into an introduction, five chapters, and a conclusion. It starts with a brief introduction, focusing mainly on the statement of the problem, motivation for the research, research objectives and methodology. Chapter one seeks to explore whether, in the light of the statutory deficiency, the general principles of contract law can be employed to counter unfair terms. The aim is to confirm the main hypothesis of the thesis and explain why legislative intervention is needed. Chapter two deals with the scope of protection and discusses the notion of adhesion contracts, their regulation in the KCC and how they have been interpreted by the courts. Chapter three explores the connotations of the concept of unfair terms and seeks to determine whether the ambiguous concept of contractual unfairness can be explained with reference to the theory of abuse of rights. Chapter four assesses the court’s role in disputes involving unfair terms. Chapter five highlights the need to introduce a parallel enforcement mechanism and suggests the establishment of a public body entrusted with the task of eliminating unfair terms from the market. The final segment of the study presents concluding remarks and suggests recommendations for law reform.
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Ergelen, Emrah. "Strategic planning for Turkish contracting companies in the former Soviet Union". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37533.
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Kataoka, Eduardo Takemi Dutra dos Santos. "Elementos para a eficácia jurídica da pluralidade contratual". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2005. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6528.
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A presente tese de doutorado procura mostrar que a coligação contratual, entendida como sendo a possibilidade de interferências recíprocas entre contratos, dá-se por força da conjunção do ordenamento jurídico com os fatos, não bastando a simples integração econômica entre negócios subjacentes para caracterizar a coligação do ponto de vista jurídico. A primeira das fontes da coligação contratual é a vontade das partes, através de cláusulas contratuais. As partes, por meio de acordos privados podem fazer com que efeitos decorrentes de um contrato produzam efeitos em outro. A segunda fonte é a lei. Muitas vezes o legislador quer que dois ou mais contratos se conectem de modo a que produzam alguns efeitos entre si. Nestes casos afasta-se a vontade das partes e prevalece a determinação do legislador. Por último, a coligação contratual pode ser uma aplicação do princípio da boa-fé. A confiança despertada, nas relações onde haja uma elevada integração econômica deve ser protegida.This thesis aims to show that the contractualbinding, understood as the possibility of mutual interference between contracts, occurs by virtue of the conjunction of the law to the facts, not just by the simple economic integration between the underlying businesses, to characterize such binding from a legal point of view. The first source of contractual binding is the intention of the parties through contractual clauses. The parties, through private agreements may cause effects arising from a contract to interfere in another one. The second source is the law. Often the legislator or two or more contracts to connect so that together produce some effects. In these cases deviates from the will of the parties and supersedes the determination of the legislation. Finally, the contract binding can be an application of the principle of good faith. The confidence awakened in relationships where there is a high economic integration must be protected.
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Pfarr, Mag Dietmar. "Civilian control of armed forces: challenges for the European Union". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/931.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedSince 1989 the study of democratic civil military relations has undergone a revival of the formation of new theory. These concepts deal with civilian control of armed forces at a national level. Since after the end of the Cold War, the European employment of military forces within a multinational framework became a regularity, it is now pertinent to ask whether and how these concepts fit at the international level. The construction of Europe and the rise of new security challenges raises the issue of democratic civil military relations in the European Union. The present thesis analyses classical and new theories of civil military relations and applies these to the current issue of security policy and the formation of strategy for a supra-national European Union.
Lieutenant Colonel, Austrian Army
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Wayson, Donald. "Woodrow Wilson's diplomatic policies in the Russian Civil War /". Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1241638204.
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Thesis (M.L.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Liberal Studies." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 58-66.
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Jensen, Todd L. ""Gimmie Shelter": Union Shelters of the Civil War, a Preliminary Archaeological Typology". W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593092168.
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Jones, Ian S. "Trade union policy and new technology: the Civil and Public Services Association". Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12222/.
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The introduction of a micro-electronic based technology to the workplace has had a far reaching and widespread effect on the numbers and content of jobs. The importance of the implications of new technology were recognised by the trade unions, leading to a plethora of advice and literature in the late 70s and early 80s, notably the TUC 'Technology and Employment ' report. However, studies into the union response have consistently found an overall lack of influence by unions in the introduction of technology. Whilst the advent of new technology has coincided with an industrial relations climate of unprecedented hostility to union activity in the post-war period, there are structural weaknesses in unions in coming to terms with the process of technological change. In particular was the identification of a lack of suitable technological expertise. Addressing itself to this perceived weakness of the union response, this thesis is the outcome of a collaborative project between a national union and an academic institution. The thesis is based on detailed case studies concerning technology bargaining in the Civil Service and the response of the Civil and Public Services Associations (CPSA), the union that represents lower grade white collar civil servants. It is demonstrated that the application of expertise to union negotiators is insufficient on its own to extend union influence and that for unions to effectively come to terms with technology and influence its development requires a re-assessment across all spheres of union activity. It is suggested that this has repercussions for not only the internal organisation and quality of union policy formation and the extent, form and nature of collective bargaining with employer representatives, but also in the relationship with consumer and interest groups outside the traditional collective bargaining forum. Three policy options are developed in the thesis with the 'adversarial' and 'co~ operative' options representing the more traditional reactive and passive forms of involvement. These are contrasted with an 'independent participative ' form of involvement which was a 'pro-active i policy option and utilised the expertise of the Author in the CPSA's response to technological change.