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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Contaminated milk"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 20 de febrero de 2023

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1

JORGENSEN, KAREN V., DOUGLAS L. PARK, SAM M. RUA, and RALPH L. PRICE. "Reduction of Mutagenic Potentials in Milk: Effects of Ammonia Treatment on Aflatoxin-Contaminated Cottonseed." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 777–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.9.777.

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Milks obtained from cows fed rations containing aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed, ammonia-treated aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed, and uncontaminated cottonseed were tested for mutagenic potential using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. Standard assay protocol was used with S-9 liver homogenate added. Samples including whole milk, nonfat dry milk powder, cream, and reconstituted whole milk were applied directly to the plates in triplicate. As a control, samples of whole milk, reconstituted whole milk, and nonfat dry mi
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2

Keck, Frédéric. "The Contaminated Milk Affair." China Perspectives 2009, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.4780.

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3

STANFIELD, JOHN T., GEORGE J. JACKSON, and C. C. G. AULISIO. "Yersinia enterocolitica: Survival of a Pathogenic Strain on Milk Containers." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 947–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.11.947.

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A strain of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from a patient in a milk-associated yersiniosis outbreak in Tennessee, Mississippi and Arkansas in the summer of 1982 was used to contaminate the exterior of refrigerated milk containers. The bacteria survived on the containers for as long as 21 d, as shown by recovery on MacConkey agar plates or in veal infusion broth. Y. enterocolitica was not detected in milk poured from the contaminated containers.
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GARRIDO, M. D., M. JODRAL, and R. POZO. "Organochlorine Pesticides in Spanish Sterilized Milk and Associated Health Risks." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.3.249.

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Organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, β-HCH, lindane, γ-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, clordane, pp'-DDE, op'-DDD, pp'-DDD, op'-DDT, pp'-DDT endrin and methoxychlor) were investigated in Spanish sterilized milks. Ninety percent of the milk samples were found to be contaminated. Thirty-two percent of the samples were contaminated by clordane and showed levels which exceeded the maximum residue limit permitted in the Directive 86/386/EC for organochlorines in milk as calculated on a lipid basis. Aldrin was only found in one sample, while 89.9% of the samples were contaminated
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5

Greenwood, M. H., W. L. Hooper, and J. C. Rodhouse. "The source ofYersiniaspp. in pasteurized milk: an investigation at a dairy." Epidemiology and Infection 104, no. 3 (June 1990): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800047373.

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SUMMARYPasteurized bottled milk supplied by a single dairy was frequently found to be contaminated withYersiniaspp. Investigations were carried out at the dairy in an effort to pinpoint the source of these organisms. Viable counts obtained from milk bottle rinses indicated that bottle washing was often unsatisfactory, and on one occasionY. frederikseniiwas isolated from the pooled rinse water of six bottles. Samples of milk were taken on arrival at the dairy and at various stages following pasteurization. Heat resistance tests carried out on strains of yersinia isolated from pasteurized milk i
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6

MELAS, DIMITRIOS S., DEMETRIOS K. PAPAGEORGIOU, and ANTONIOS I. MANTIS. "Enumeration and Confirmation of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas sobria Isolated from Raw Milk and Other Milk Products in Northern Greece." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.5.463.

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A total of 138 raw cow's and 57 raw ewe's milk samples; 80 pasteurized cow's milk samples; 39 Anthotyros cheese, 36 Manouri cheese, and 23 Feta cheese samples; and 15 rice pudding samples were examined for the presence and any countable population of Aeromonas species. Twenty-two (15.9%) of the 138 cow's milk samples analyzed were contaminated with A. hydrophila. In 13 of these samples, populations of 3.0 × 102 to 5.0 × 103 CFU/ml were counted in starch ampicillin agar (SAA). Eighteen cow's milk samples (13.0%) were contaminated with A. caviae, and in eight of these samples, populations of 2.0
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7

Gern, James E., Evelyn Yang, Helen M. Evrard, and Hugh A. Sampson. "Allergic Reactions to Milk-Contaminated “Nondairy” Products." New England Journal of Medicine 324, no. 14 (April 4, 1991): 976–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199104043241407.

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8

FERREIRA, Cláudio Santos, Prazeres Conceição MARTINHO, Vicente AMATO NETO, and Roseana Rodrigues Bressane CRUZ. "Pasteurization of human milk to prevent transmission of Chagas disease." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 43, no. 3 (June 2001): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652001000300008.

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Although admittedly transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection through breastfeeding is a rare event, it involves serious risks. To test the effectiveness of pasteurization in preventing this mode of infection, three sets of samples of human milk were tested: a - contaminated with T. cruzi and pasteurized; b - contaminated with T. cruzi and non-pasteurized; c - non-contaminated and pasteurized. Samples from all sets were orally and intraperitoneally administered to 90 BALB/c mice. The animals inoculated with contaminated, non-pasteurized samples, got the infection. Controls and the animals in
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9

Fagnani, Rafael, Vanerli Beloti, Ana Paula P. Battaglini, Karen da S. Dunga, and Ronaldo Tamanini. "Organophosphorus and carbamates residues in milk and feedstuff supplied to dairy cattle." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31, no. 7 (July 2011): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2011000700009.

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Considering acute and chronic toxicity effects on human and animal health caused by pesticide residues in food, this study aimed to analyze organophosphorate (OP) and carbamate (CB) in feedstuff and water destined for dairy cattle, as well as in the milk produced by these animals, through gas chromatography (GC). In the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil, 30 raw milk samples and all components of the animals' diet were collected from several farms. Out of the 30 milk of milk analyzed, six (20%) were contaminated with OP, five (16.7%) with CB, and one sample with both pesticides. From 48 anal
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10

MARRAKCHI, A. EL, A. HAMAMA, and F. EL OTHMANI. "Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in Milk and Dairy Products Produced or Imported Into Morocco." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.3.256.

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Examination of 227 samples of milk and dairy products for Listeria monocytogenes showed that raw milk and some Moroccan traditionally made dairy products such as Iben and raib (fermented milks) and jben (fresh cheese) were contaminated with this pathogen. L. monocytogenes was the only Listeria species isolated except in one case in which it was associated with Listeria innocua. Pasteurized milk, fresh cream, and fresh and ripened cheeses (industrially made) were free from L. monocytogenes.
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11

YOUSEF, AHMED E., and ELMER H. MARTH. "Degradation of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk by Ultraviolet Energy." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 697–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.8.697.

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Raw whole milk was artificially contaminated with 0.5 or 1 ppb aflatoxin M1. Contaminated milk was exposed to UV-irradiation from different sources and under different experimental conditions. In all instances, exposure to UV-irradiation caused aflatoxin M1 in milk to degrade. The magnitude of degradation (3.6 to 100%) depended on time of exposure (2 to 60 min) of milk to UV-energy, volume of treated milk and design of the experiment. Presence of hydrogen peroxide (1%) in milk greatly enhanced degradation (100% in 10 min) of aflatoxin M1 by UV-irradiation.
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12

SELA, SHLOMO, RIKY PINTO, UZI MERIN, and BARUCH ROSEN. "Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia coli in Camel Milk." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.9.1708.

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Camels subsist and produce milk in desert pastures not utilized by other domesticated herbivores. Developing the camel milk industry can improve the economy of desert inhabitants. To comply with sanitary ordinances, camel milk is pasteurized by procedures specified for bovine milk. It is widely accepted that milk composition might affect bacterial thermal death time (TDT). Camel and bovine milks markedly differ in their chemical composition, yet data regarding TDT values of bacteria in camel milk is missing. As a first step toward developing specific heat treatments appropriate for camel milk,
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13

DEVECİ, ORGUN, and EMEL SEZGİN. "Changes in Concentration of Aflatoxin M1 during Manufacture and Storage of Skim Milk Powder." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.682.

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In this study, skim milk powder was produced from cow's milk contaminated artificially with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) at two different levels, 1.5 and 3.5 μg/liter (ppb), and the effects of process stages on the AFM1 contents were investigated. Pasteurization, concentration, and spray drying caused losses of about 16, 40, and 68%, respectively, in AFM1 content of the milk contaminated with 1.5 μg/liter AFM1, and losses of 12, 35, and 59%, respectively, in the milk contaminated with 3.5 μg/liter AFM1. These losses were found to be statisticially significant at the level of P < 0.01. After 3- a
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14

Meena, Anita, and Ravinder Kaur. "Human health risk assessment for heavy metals via intake of contaminated milk and milk products." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.1008.

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The present study was conducted to assess the risk of human health against heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd) through the intake of milk and milk products produced by animals which are feeding the fodder produced by polluted irrigation water. The milk samples contained amounts of Fe (10.43 ppm) Cu (1.23 ppm), Mn(0.60 ppm ), Zn (2.32),Cr (0.05 ppm), Ni (0.17 ppm) Pb (0.28 ppm ) and Cd (0.13 ppm ) than MAL in buffaloes milk and Ni (0.16 ppm ) and Pb (0.41 ppm) than MAL in cow milk. The milk samples from the small animals (goat) were associated with only Fe (11.24ppm,), Zn (2.47 ppm ),
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15

Shaikh, Badar, Pat Schermerhorn, Laura A. Adam, and Jurgen D. Von Bredow. "Application of Microbial Receptor Assay to Quantitation of Residues of Spectinomycin in Bovine Milk and Comparison with Liquid Chromatographic Analysis." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 4 (July 1, 1999): 1002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.4.1002.

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Abstract Spectinomycin-contaminated bovine milk samples were assayed by liquid chromatographic (LC) and microbial receptor methods. LC involved a newly developed analytical method to quantitate the concentration of spectinomycin in the contaminated milk samples. The receptor assay used reagents and the reaction system used for the Charm II spectinomycin assay. Three standard curves (selected range, full range, and second-order polynomial) were plotted for the receptor assay and used to quantitate spectinomycin in contaminated milk samples. The levels of spectinomycin obtained by the receptor a
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16

Smajlovic, Ahmed, Mehmed Muminovic, Indira Mujezinovic, and Vitormir Cupic. "Investigation of aflatoxin M1 degradation in milk." Veterinarski glasnik 66, no. 5-6 (2012): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1206387s.

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Aflatoxin M1 is a highly toxic 4-hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxins B1 and B2. It is one of the most potent hepatocarcinogens, mutagens, teratogens and immunosuppressors. Feed is often contaminated with aflatoxigenic moulds and aflatoxins with a high possibility of contaminating milk and dairy products with aflatoxin M1. Samples of artificially contaminated milk were exposed to the effects of physical conditions (temperature of -18oC and for microwaves in a microwave oven), time (during the period from 1 to 12 months) and a combination of the above mentioned conditions. Following this, leve
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17

Steuer, Pamela, Carlos Tejeda, Manuel Moroni, Cristobal Verdugo, Michael Thomas Collins, and Miguel Salgado. "Attempted Control of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Calves by Only Changing the Quality of Milk Fed to Calves." Animals 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 2569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092569.

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One of the important routes of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) transmission in dairy calves is milk. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of milk treatments to prevent MAP infection transmission to calves. A one-year longitudinal study was carried out. Newborn calves were assigned to one of four experimental groups: 5 calves received naturally MAP-contaminated milk, 5 calves received copper treated milk, 4 calves were fed calf milk replacer, and 3 were fed UHT pasteurized milk. MAP load in milk was estimated. Infection progression was monitored monthly. Aft
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18

Karim, Q. N., and R. H. Maxwell. "Survival of Campylobacter pylori in artificially contaminated milk." Journal of Clinical Pathology 42, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.42.7.778-a.

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19

Olsen, Sonja J., Michelle Ying, Meghan F. Davis, Marshall Deasy, Ben Holland, Larry Iampietro, C. Michael Baysinger, et al. "Multidrug-resistantSalmonellaTyphimurium Infection from Milk Contaminated after Pasteurization." Emerging Infectious Diseases 10, no. 5 (May 2004): 932–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030484.

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20

Hamad, Gamal M., Hussein A. El-Makarem, Marwa G. Allam, Osama S. El Okle, Marwa Ibrahim El-Morsy Ibrahim El-Morsy El-Toukhy, Taha Mehany, Yasser El-Halmouch, et al. "Evaluation of the Adsorption Efficacy of Bentonite on Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Contaminated Milk." Toxins 15, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020107.

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The existence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk results in economic losses and public health risks. This research aims to examine the capability of bentonite to adsorb and/or eliminate AFM1 from various raw milk types. In addition, the effects of numerous bentonites (HAFR 1, 2, 3 and 4) on the nutritional characteristics of the milk were studied. Our findings revealed that goat milk had the highest value of AFM1 (490.30 ng/L) in comparison to other milks. AFM1 adsorption was influenced by applying bentonite (0.5 and 1 g) in a concentration-dependent manner for different time intervals (from 0
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21

Kra, KAS, RM Mégnanou, EE Akpa, NE Assidjo, and LS Niamké. "Evaluation of physico-chemical, nutritional and microbiological quality of raw cow's milk usually consumed in the central part of Côte d'Ivoire." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 13, no. 58 (July 10, 2013): 7888–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.58.12165.

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Cow’s milk is by far the principal type of milk used throughout the world. Three systems of husbandry in Côte d’Ivoire produce raw milk. This production is always consumed directly by people, mainly children (orphans) although it presents real sanitary risks. In order to evaluate quality of these cow’s milks, several samples were collected during a three month period (April to June 2009) at three cattle farms from where consumers got supplies. Physicochemical, nutritional, microbiological properties of the milks were studied. Results showed that viscosity, dry matter, fat and chloride contents
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22

Elnager Ahmed Ibrahim, Mirghani, Mohammed Ismail Humaida, and Ahmed Subahi Ahmed Kassar. "DETECTION OF INDICATORS ORGANISMS IN BOILED MILK VENDED IN THE MARKETS OF EL-OBIED CITY-NORTH KORDOFAN STATE - SUDAN." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12585.

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Background: This study was conducted within the markets of Elobeid City- North Kordofan State-Sudan, to detect the presence of indicator organisms (coliform and E.coli bacteria) in boiled milk, during the amount from October 2012 to October 2015. Methodology: The study covered all the places for the boiled milk sale found within the markets of Elobeid City, which are 84 places. Data were collected from all milk handlers who were 87 by observation- checklist. The info were analyzed manually and therefore the results presented in tables and figures showing for the odds. 84 samples of boiled milk
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23

Seyoum, Eyasu Tigabu, Daniel Asrat Woldetsadik, Tesfu Kassa Mekonen, Haile Alemayehu Gezahegn, and Wondwossen Abebe Gebreyes. "Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and milk products from central highlands of Ethiopia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2015): 1204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6211.

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Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is of major significance in human and veterinary medicine. Most human Listeria infections are foodborne and the association of contaminated milk and dairy produce consumption with human listeriosis is noteworthy. In Ethiopia, there is limited data regarding the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and dairy products. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and dairy produce. Methodology: A total of 443 milk and milk product samples were microbiologically analyzed following methods
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Sahputra, Dedy, T. Reza Ferasyi, Ismail Ismail, Razali Razali, Sulasmi Sulasmi, and Darmawi Darmawi. "ISOLASI BAKTERI COCCUS GRAM POSITIF DI DALAM SUSU ULTRA HIGH TEMPERATURE (UHT) 6 DAN 3 BULAN MENJELANG KEDALUWARSA (Isolation of Gram-Positive Cocci Bacteria in Ultra High Temperature (UHT) Processed Milk at 6 and 3 Months Prior to Expiration)." Jurnal Medika Veterinaria 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/j.med.vet..v10i1.4038.

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This research was aimed to isolate the Gram-positive bacteria that contaminated milk processed with ultra high temperature (UHT) at 6 and 3 months before the date expires. A number of 3 different UHT milk products at 6 and 3 months before expire date were used as sample. Milk samples were taken from several supermarket in Banda Aceh. The identification was conducted using Gram staining method. One ml milk sample was transferred into 18 tubes containing nutrient broth (NB) media and incubated at 37 C for 24 hrs. The sample was then culture on 18 petri discs containing manitol salt agar (MSA) a
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Zheng, Nan, Li Min, Dagang Li, Sheng Tan, Yanan Gao, and Jiaqi Wang. "Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Cow, Goat, Buffalo, Camel, and Yak Milk in China in 2016." Toxins 14, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120870.

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In this present study, 195 cow milk, 100 goat milk, 50 buffalo milk, 50 camel milk, and 50 yak milk samples were collected in China in May and October 2016. The presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. For all cow milk samples, 128 samples (65.7%) contained AFM1 in concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.191 µg/L, and 6 samples (3.1%) from Sichuan province in October were contaminated with AFM1 above 0.05 µg/L (EU limit). For all goat milk samples, 76.0% of samples contained AFM1 in concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.135 µg/L, and 9 samp
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26

Peterz, Mats, Sophie Butot, Balamurugan Jagadeesan, Douwe Bakker, and John Donaghy. "Thermal Inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Artificially Contaminated Milk by Direct Steam Injection." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 9 (March 4, 2016): 2800–2808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.04042-15.

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ABSTRACTThe efficiency of direct steam injection (DSI) at 105°C for 3 s to inactivateMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin milk at a pilot-plant scale was investigated. Milk samples were artificially contaminated withM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisand also with cow fecal material naturally infected withM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis. We also tested milk artificially contaminated withMycobacterium smegmatisas a candidate surrogate to compare thermal inactivation betweenM. smegmatisandM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis. Following the DSI process, no viableM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisorM. smeg
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27

MCKILLIP, JOHN L., LEE-ANN JAYKUS, and MARYANNE DRAKE. "Nucleic Acid Persistence in Heat-Killed Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Contaminated Skim Milk†." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.8.839.

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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR using primers targeting 16S rRNA sequences in Escherichia coli O157:H7 were applied to monitor the stability of rDNA and rRNA in cells killed by mild heat treatment (60°C) in skim milk. Serial dilutions of purified RNA and DNA from E. coli 0157:H7 in skim milk were amplified by RT-PCR or PCR, respectively, before heat treatment and at time points 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after heating. In general, DNA-PCR provided stronger amplification signals compared to RT-PCR at the corresponding time points with the same PCR primer set, indi
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28

Andriani, A., and W. Suwito. "The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in milk of Ettawa Grade goat." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 43, no. 2 (May 24, 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.43.2.140-148.

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Ettawa Grade (PE) are potentially developed goats to produce milk and meat. Milk is food of animal that is rich in nutrients, but it is a perishable food easily contaminated by microorganisms. Contaminated pathogenic bacteria in milk can decrease the quality and has an organoleptic effect on milk, as well as endangers human health. Milk contaminated with bacteria antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in which is resistant to antibiotics, may adversely affect the response to treatment with antibiotics in humans when suffering from infectious diseases and using antibiotics in therapy. In this study Ett
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Caetano, Danúbia R., and Maike Taís Maziero Montanhini. "Microbiological analysis of milk unfermented kefir produced with milk contaminated by Escherichia coli." Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Alimentos 5, no. 1 (November 20, 2014): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v5i1.158.

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<p><em>The fermented milk by kefir grains is a probiotic dairy product that provides to the consumer several health benefits, and can also be consumed by lactose intolerant people. These grains contain in their microbiota acid-lactic bacteria able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. This research aimed to evaluate the </em>Escherichia coli<em> inhibition by the kefir fermentation, contaminated during its manufacturing. Thus, were used the standard strain ATCC 11229 </em>E. coli<em>, inoculated in the milk for the kefir production. After the f
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Dominguez, Lucas, Jose L. Blanco, Esperanza Gomez-Lucia, Elias F. Rodriguez, and Guillermo Suarez. "Determination of Anatoxin M, in Milk and Milk Products Contaminated at Low Levels." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 3 (May 1, 1987): 470–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.3.470.

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Abstract A new method is described for the determination of aflatoxin M, in milk and dairy products by thin layer chromatography. The main characteristic is the extraction system using an alkaline solution. Lipids are removed by centrifuging at low temperatures, and the aflatoxins are then extracted with CHC13. The method has 2 options: Technique II (detection limit 0.02 ppb) requires cleanup on a chromatographic column; this is not necessary in Technique I (detection limit 0.1 ppb). The recovery rate in both techniques is over 92.8% in milk and yoghurt. This method may also be used for other
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31

Yadav, N. P., R. K. Yadav, and B. Pokhrel. "Qualitative analysis of milk available in local market of Janakpurdham, Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology 5 (September 26, 2018): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v5i0.22321.

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Objective: To determine the microbial quality of milk available in market of Janakpurdham, Nepal.
 Methods: Total 20 samples of milk were collected aseptically from the market and processed for MBRT test as per standard protocol given in a monograph. Reduction time test for each sample of the milk was recorded in a specified format and analysed statistically.
 Result: Out of 20 samples, 2 (10%) samples were found excellent quality, 3 (15%) were of good quality, 6 (30%) were of fair quality and 9 (45%) were of poor quality. Among these 20 samples, 6 samples were of processed milk, 5 s
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32

Mooijman, K. A., A. H. Havelaar, J. A. Hoekstra, and N. G. W. N. van Strijp-Lockefeer. "Production and Control of Reference Materials for Water Microbiology." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (July 1, 1991): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0029.

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Reference materials for water microbiology were prepared by spray-drying milk, artificially contaminated with a known test strain. The resulting highly contaminated milk powder was mixed with sterile milk powder to a contamination level of 2000-3000 cfu/g. Gelatin capsules were filled with the mixture (0.2 g/capsule) to produce the reference materials. Test strains used were: WR1 Escherichia coli, WR3 Enterobacter cloacae, WR63 Enterococcus faecium and WR51 Staphylococcus spec. Optimalization of the mixing procedure and aging of the highly contaminated milk powder resulted in relatively homoge
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33

STEELE, MARINA L., W. BRUCE McNAB, CASE POPPE, MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS, SHU CHEN, STEPHANIE A. DEGRANDIS, LYNNE C. FRUHNER, CAROLYN A. LARKIN, JOHN A. LYNCH, and JOSEPH A. ODUMERU. "Survey of Ontario Bulk Tank Raw Milk for Food-Borne Pathogens." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.11.1341.

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Raw (unpasteurized) milk can be a source of food-borne pathogens. Raw milk consumption results in sporadic disease outbreaks. Pasteurization is designed to destroy all bacterial pathogens common to raw milk, excluding spore-forming bacteria and possibly Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, but some people continue to drink raw milk, believing it to be safe. Current methods for assessing the bacteriological quality of raw milk, such as aerobic plate counts, are not usually designed to detect specific pathogens. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of pick-ups (loads of raw milk
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34

Michaëlsson, Karl, and Liisa Byberg. "Mixing of Apples and Oranges in Milk Research: A Cohort Analysis of Non-Fermented Milk Intake and All-Cause Mortality." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051393.

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Mortality in relation to type of milk intake is unclear. We present mortality rates by intake of non-fermented milk fat content type and examine the degree of bias when other fat content types of non-fermented milk are kept in the reference category. For this purpose, we used a longitudinal cohort consisting of 61,433 women who had been administered food frequency questionnaires in 1987–1990 and in 1997, and analyzed time to death. Non-fermented milk consumption was divided into low ≤0.5%, medium 1.5%, or high fat 3%. For each specific type of milk, the first analysis (A) is restricted to thos
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35

Rocchetti, Gabriele, Francesca Ghilardelli, Paolo Bonini, Luigi Lucini, Francesco Masoero, and Antonio Gallo. "Changes of Milk Metabolomic Profiles Resulting from a Mycotoxins-Contaminated Corn Silage Intake by Dairy Cows." Metabolites 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11080475.

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In this study, an untargeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) was used for investigating changes in chemical profiles of cow milk considering diets based on mycotoxins-contaminated corn silages. For this purpose, 45 milk samples were classified into five clusters according to the corn silage contamination profile, namely (1) low levels of Aspergillus- and Penicillium-mycotoxins; (2) low levels of fumonisins and other Fusarium-mycotoxins; (3) high levels of Aspergillus-mycotoxins; (4) high lev
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36

FROBISH, R. A., B. D. BRADLEY, D. D. WAGNER, P. E. LONG-BRADLEY, and H. HAIRSTON. "Aflatoxin Residues in Milk of Dairy Cows after Ingestion of Naturally Contaminated Grain." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.10.781.

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Thirty-two lactating Holstein cows, blocked according to level of milk production, were fed cottonseed meal contaminated with aflatoxin B1, (AFB1) (0, 94, 241 and 500 μg/kg) as 20% of their ration (equivalent to 0, 20, 48 and 104 μg/kg in complete feed). Within 12 h, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) appeared in the milk of all cows receiving contaminated feed. The mean AFM1 concentrations in the milk approached steady-state conditions (0.35, 0.63 and 1.61 μg/L for treatments of 20, 48 and 104 μg AFB1/kg, respectively) at 24 h and returned to the Food and Drug Administration action level of 0.5 μg/L or lowe
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37

Averaimo, Daniela, Fabrizio De Massis, Giovanni Savini, Giuliano Garofolo, Flavio Sacchini, Anna Abass, Manuela Tittarelli, Giacomo Migliorati, and Antonio Petrini. "Detection of Brucella abortus Vaccine Strain RB51 in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Milk." Pathogens 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070748.

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The isolation of B. abortus RB51 vaccine strain from a milk sample in a water buffalo farm in southern Italy emphasizes the risk to public health of consuming contaminated milk or milk products following illegal vaccination.
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38

Najim, Najim Hadi. "The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk, soft cheese and yoghurt in Baghdad Province by Using ELISA Test." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 38, no. 2 (December 28, 2014): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v38i2.216.

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Milk and dairy products are fundamental components in the human diet and may be the principle way for entrance of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in to the human body. All milk and dairy products samples were tested for the occurrence of AFM1 by the competitive ELISA technique. Out of 32 bovine raw milk samples that were collected from eight villages around Baghdad province, 32 samples (100 %) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.15 to 86.96ng/kg with mean value of 42.37±26.07 ng/kg, of which 17 samples were contaminated with concentrations < 50 ng/kg and 15 samples exceeded the maximum acceptabl
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39

Wanjiku Philip, Sheridan, Vincent Madadi Odongo, Shem Oyoo Wandiga, Duke Gekonge Omayio, and Mitchel Otieno Okumu. "Estimation and human health risk assessment of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residues in raw milk collected in Kenya." F1000Research 11 (January 7, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.74748.1.

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Background: This study determined the levels of organochlorine (OCPs) and organophosphate (OPPs) pesticide residues in cow milk from Kiambu and camel milk from Isiolo and Laikipia. The human dietary intake and the potential consumer health risks were also evaluated. Methods: In total, 90 cow and 82 camel milk samples were collected and analyzed using gas chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy to determine the levels of OCPs and OPPs. The levels were compared to the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the Codex Alimentarius (CA), EU Pesticides Database (EUPD), and the United States De
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40

Paraffin, Annah S., Titus J. Zindove, and Michael Chimonyo. "Effect of Structural Condition of Milk Processing Facilities and Food Safety Systems on Escherichia coli and Coliforms Presence in Cultured Buttermilk." Journal of Food Quality 2019 (September 24, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7365983.

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The study investigated the effect of structural conditions of milk processing facilities and food safety systems on E. coli and coliform presence in buttermilk. Milk records collected by Dairy Services Zimbabwe (DSZ) from large-scale dairy milk processors (n=12) and small-scale farms (n=15) were analysed. Binomial logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of E. coli or coliforms being present in cultured buttermilk as a function of the hygiene level and structural adequacy of the processors. The likelihood of having E. coli and coliforms in cultured milk from processors with poor
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41

COUSINS, DAVE L., and FRAN MARLATT. "An Evaluation of a Conductance Method for the Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in Milk." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.7.568.

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A method for the quantitative detection of Enterobacteriaceae in raw milk utilizing automated, conductance monitoring of a selective medium was studied. The levels of pure Enterobacteriaceae cultures as well as Enterobacteriaceae levels in naturally contaminated raw milk were accurately measured using the conductance method when statistically compared to results obtained by an agar plating method. The correlation coefficient (r-value) for naturally contaminated raw milk samples was 0.92. Using a pass/fail limit of 100 CFU/ml, additional raw milk samples were analyzed and 90% of these samples w
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42

Kosikowski, F. V., and R. Jimenez-Flores. "Removal of Penicillin G from Contaminated Milk by Ultrafiltration." Journal of Dairy Science 68, no. 12 (December 1985): 3224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(85)81231-5.

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43

McEvoy, J. D. G., H. C. Higgins, D. G. Kennedy, and C. S. Mayne. "Transfer of chiortetracycline from contaminated feedingstuff to cows' milk." Veterinary Record 146, no. 4 (January 22, 2000): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.146.4.102.

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44

Marchant, J., and A. Nisbet. "Landspreading as a waste disposal option for contaminated milk." Radioprotection 37, no. C1 (February 2002): C1–1301—C1–1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2002164.

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45

Elliott, A. J., B. T. Wilkins, and P. Mansfield. "On the Disposal of Contaminated Milk in Coastal Waters." Marine Pollution Bulletin 42, no. 10 (October 2001): 927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(01)00051-0.

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46

Watts, Jonathan. "tokyo Contaminated milk scare leaves sour taste among consumers." Lancet 356, no. 9229 (August 2000): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)73956-8.

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47

HIGUERA-CIAPARA, INOCENCIO, MARTIN ESQUEDA-VALLE, and JOSE NIEBLAS. "REMOVAL OF SULFAMETHAZINE FROM ARTIFICIALLY CONTAMINATED MILK BY ULTRAFILTRATION." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 21, no. 1 (March 1997): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1997.tb00769.x.

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48

Yorifuji, Takashi, Toshihide Tsuda, Hiroyuki Doi, and Philippe Grandjean. "Cancer excess after arsenic exposure from contaminated milk powder." Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 16, no. 3 (September 29, 2010): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12199-010-0182-x.

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49

Tonamo, Andualem, István Komlósi, and Ferenc Peles. "Bacteria in the milk of sheep with or without mastitis- mini Review." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/2369.

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From a nutritional point of view, sheep milk is more valuable than cow and goat milk and the interest for sheep milk is increasing in many countries. However, sheep milk is easily contaminated during milking, handling, and transport and it is an ideal medium for bacterial propagation. Consequently, sheep milk spoils quite quickly. The proper, clean handling of milk is not only of sanitarian interest, but it also serves the farmers’ interests, because contaminated milk may not be distributed, and is unsuitable for producing good quality products. Following this technological trend, this review
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50

Naser, Hassan Hachim. "Use of PCR technique for direct detection of Brucella spp. from milk of sheep and cattle." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v38i1.247.

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Brucella spp are important food pathogen those can be infected the human-being during consumption of contaminated milk and milk products from sheep, goats, and cattle with Brucella spp. In this study the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for direct detection of Brucella spp. from milk of sheep and cattle were employed to amplify 233bp product of highly conserved regions of BCSP31 gene encoding a 31-KDa cell surface protein in B. melitensis and B. abortus. The results showed that the sheep were more frequent for shedding of Brucella spp in their milk, where appeared (6/50 samples) at (12%). Where
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