Literatura académica sobre el tema "Contact sponge water absorption test"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Contact sponge water absorption test"
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Cui, Zhengshan, Wanxia He, Jun Liu, Wei Wei, Liang Jiang, Jun Huang y Xiaomeng Lv. "Fabrication of polysiloxane-modified polyurethane sponge as low-cost organics/water separation and selective absorption material". Water Science and Technology 74, n.º 8 (9 de agosto de 2016): 1936–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.348.
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Through sol-gel and dip-coating processes, commercial polyurethane sponge modified by polysiloxane was fabricated under low temperature (60 °C) and atmosphere. The contact angle of the obtained polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge is 145 ± 5°. Hence, the polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge could float on water and selectively absorb organics from the surface of the water, indicating simultaneous properties of hydrophobicity and oleophilicity. The absorbent maximum value is 50–150 times of its own weight. The polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge exhibited excellent recyclability, which could be reused by squeezing the sponge due to its high mechanical stability and flexibility. Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis test indicated that the polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge exhibited good thermal stability and the stable contact angle of samples tested under increasing temperature indicated its good weather resistance. Due to the commercial property of polyurethane sponge and easy-handling of polysiloxane, the polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge can be easily scaled up to recover a large-area oil spill in water and further work based on the designed equipment has been under consideration.
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Prompawilai, Arisa, Supan Yodyingyong y Darapond Triampo. "Effects of Tetraethyl Orthosilicate on Improving Adhesion Between Polyurethane Sponge/Hydrophobic Silica Gel Composite Materials for Oily Wastewater Treatment". Science of Advanced Materials 12, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2020): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3626.
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The environmental disposal of oily wastewater is a challenge to household and food industries. Cost-effective oil absorbent materials for oily wastewater treatment have been developed by various methods, one of which, the modification with hydrophobic particles. However, the oil absorbents still suffer high cost and low reusability because of the insufficient adhesion between supported material and the hydrophobic particles. Herein, a low cost and simple method to fabricate oil absorbents were reported by immersing commercial polyurethane (PU) sponge in hydrophobic silica gel. The adhesion between hydrophobic silica gel to the 3D surface of PU was assisted with the use of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a silane coupling agent. Only 0.5% TEOS was required for up to 73% improvement of adhered calculated from % silica loading. The use of TEOS showed adhesion enhancement between the surface of PU and the silica which in turn improve reusability. Reusability test mimics the real situation of squeezing the PU/silica sponge to demonstrate good mechanical properties and flexibility. Furthermore, the PU/silica sponge displayed good and rapid absorption capacity. Results from Water Contact Angle (WCA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were also used to confirm successful modification of PU with hydrophobic silica gel.
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DIANA-IRINEL, Băilă, Păcurar RAZVAN y Păcurar ANCU?A. "Moisture Absorption Behavior of CP5 Composite Materials Used in Industry". Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics 18 (20 de octubre de 2022): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1192332.
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In engineering practice, perhaps the most interesting aspect of woodworking deals with the relationship between wood and moisture. The plywood composite presents hygroscopicity characteristic, as the wood and reaction almost like a sponge, will gain or lose moisture from the air based upon the conditions of the surrounding environment. When the tree is in the green state, is first felled, it contains a very large amount of moisture existing in two different forms: as free water that is contained as liquid in the pores or vessels of the wood itself and as bound water, trapped within the cell walls. After that the wood is exposed to the air and immediately loose free water and the wood does not contract or otherwise change in dimension, it is in the state of drying and it is called the fiber saturation point. The moisture content in each piece of CP5 composite material is expressed as a percentage of the weight of the water and oven-dry weight of CP5 composite material. The moisture absorption depends on the wood type, density of wood and it is influenced by the environmental temperature, this is an aspect very important in the furniture industry. The moisture absorption test is generally used for quality control purposes and to measure the degradation of the quality for the wood and composite materials.
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Visco, Annamaria, Antonino Quattrocchi, Davide Nocita, Roberto Montanini y Alessandro Pistone. "Polyurethane Foams Loaded with Carbon Nanofibers for Oil Spill Recovery: Mechanical Properties under Fatigue Conditions and Selective Absorption in Oil/Water Mixtures". Nanomaterials 11, n.º 3 (15 de marzo de 2021): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030735.
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Marine pollution due to spillage of hydrocarbons represents a well-known current environmental problem. In order to recover the otherwise wasted oils and to prevent pollution damage, polyurethane foams are considered suitable materials for their ability to separate oils from sea-water and for their reusability. In this work we studied polyurethane foams filled with carbon nanofibers, in varying amounts, aimed at enhancing the selectivity of the material towards the oils and at improving the mechanical durability of the foam. Polyurethane-based foams were experimentally characterized by morphological, surface, and mechanical analyses (optical microscopy observation, contact angle measurement, absorption test according to ASTM F726-99 standard and compression fatigue tests according to ISO 24999 standard). Results indicated an increase in hydrophobic behavior and a good oleophilic character of the composite sponges besides an improved selective absorption of the foam toward oils in mixed water/oil media. The optimal filler amount was found to be around 1 wt% for the homogeneous distribution inside the polymeric foam. Finally, the fatigue test results showed an improvement of the mechanical properties of the foam with the growing carbon filler amount.
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Lettieri, Mariateresa, Maurizio Masieri, Marika Aquaro, Debora Dilorenzo y Mariaenrica Frigione. "Eco-Friendly Protective Coating to Extend the Life of Art-Works and Structures Made in Porous Stone Materials". Coatings 11, n.º 11 (20 de octubre de 2021): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111270.
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The application of hydrophobic treatments to stone surfaces is the most common proven method to prevent, or at least limit, the degradation of stone-made constructions and artworks brought about by the ingress and action of water, in particular in the case of very porous stone materials. To avoid the use of protective products containing harmful solvents, new green products have been proposed. In this paper, an eco-friendly hydrophobic coating, based on a fluorine polymer dispersed in water, was deeply analyzed to evaluate its protective properties, especially for very porous stone substrates. To this aim, a wide characterization of treated and untreated Lecce stone elements, i.e., a stone typical of the Apulia region, was carried out to assess the optimum required amount, the effectiveness and the protective capability, even against graffiti staining, of the green hydrophobic treatment, still allowing the stone to retain adequate vapor permeability. The efficacy of the eco-friendly product was analyzed also after a short time (four weeks) of outdoor exposure. Suitable performance and short-term durability of the green hydrophobic coating were found, comparable or even greater than those reported in the current literature for other widespread commercial products, confirming the capability of the product to preserve porous stone surfaces even in absence of solvents in its formulation. The study also allowed to experiment with the “contact sponge” test as an appropriate method for evaluating the water absorption properties of the stone.
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Arumugam, Soundhar, Jayakrishna Kandasamy, Ain Umaira Md Shah, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid, Adi Azriff Basri y Faizal Mustapha. "Investigations on the Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Sisal Fiber/Chitosan Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Sandwich Composite Scaffolds for Bone Fracture Fixation Applications". Polymers 12, n.º 7 (6 de julio de 2020): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071501.
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This study aims to explore the mechanical properties of hybrid glass fiber (GF)/sisal fiber (SF)/chitosan (CTS) composite material for orthopedic long bone plate applications. The GF/SF/CTS hybrid composite possesses a unique sandwich structure and comprises GF/CTS/epoxy as the external layers and SF/CTS/epoxy as the inner layers. The composite plate resembles the human bone structure (spongy internal cancellous matrix and rigid external cortical). The mechanical properties of the prepared hybrid sandwich composites samples were evaluated using tensile, flexural, micro hardness, and compression tests. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were studied to analyze the failure mechanism of these composite samples. Besides, contact angle (CA) and water absorption tests were conducted using the sessile drop method to examine the wettability properties of the SF/CTS/epoxy and GF/SF/CTS/epoxy composites. Additionally, the porosity of the GF/SF/CTS composite scaffold samples were determined by using the ethanol infiltration method. The mechanical test results show that the GF/SF/CTS hybrid composites exhibit the bending strength of 343 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 146 MPa, and compressive strength of 380 MPa with higher Young’s modulus in the bending tests (21.56 GPa) compared to the tensile (6646 MPa) and compressive modulus (2046 MPa). Wettability study results reveal that the GF/SF/CTS composite scaffolds were hydrophobic (CA = 92.41° ± 1.71°) with less water absorption of 3.436% compared to the SF/CTS composites (6.953%). The SF/CTS composites show a hydrophilic character (CA = 54.28° ± 3.06°). The experimental tests prove that the GF/SF/CTS hybrid composite can be used for orthopedic bone fracture plate applications in future.
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Eka Putri, Niken Aprilia, Arif Tjahjono y Perdamean Sebayang. "Analysis of Superhydrophobic-Superoleophilic Properties on Modification of Polyurethane Sponge for Selective Oil-Water Separation". Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics 4, n.º 1 (25 de junio de 2021): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/fiziya.v4i1.19697.
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In this research, a modification of polyurethane (PU) sponge material has been made to obtain superhydrophobic-superoleophilic properties. The PU sponge was coated with several nanomaterials such as ZnO, Fe3O4+TEOS, and stearic acid by dip-coating and drop-coating methods. The tests include selective separation of oil and water with a magnetic response. Several types of oil and organic solvents were tested for absorption capacity. The results showed that the PU@ZnO@Fe3O4@SA sponge has a good absorption capacity, from 4.37 mL to 7.37 mL. The fabricated PU sponge could selectively separate oil from water with a separation efficiency above 99%. The fabricated PU sponge also could be magnetically driven by external magnetic fields. From the characterization using 3D OM, the water contact angle was 153.38°, which indicates that the PU@ZnO@Fe3O4@SA sponge is superhydrophobic. And from surface morphology obtained an average pore size diameter of 167.475 μm.
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Hong, Peng, Zhu Liu, Yang Gao, Yubin Chen, Mingxun Zhuang, Lijuan Chen, Xiaoxuan Liu y Hongping Xiang. "Fabricated of Superhydrophobic Silanized Melamine Sponge with Photochromic Properties for Efficiency Oil/Water Separation". Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (13 de noviembre de 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9536320.
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Superhydrophobic sponge as potential absorbing material for oil/water separation is attracting great attention recently. However, there are still some challenges to feasibly fabricate superhydrophobic sponge with large scale and low cost. Herein, a novel photochromic superhydrophobic melamine sponge (PDMS-SP sponge) is fabricated by facilely dip-coating and thermocuring of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes mixed with photochromic spiropyran. FT-IR, EDS, and XPS results confirm the successful coating of PDMS-SP upon melamine sponge. The resultant sponge not only possesses excellent water repellency with a contact angle of 154.5° and oil-water separation efficiency with an oil absorption capacity of 48–116 folds of itself weight, but also shows photochromic phenomenon between colorless and purple when it is successively exposed to UV irradiation and visible light.
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Vandevoorde, Delphine, Marisa Pamplona, Olivier Schalm, Yves Vanhellemont, Veerle Cnudde y Eddy Verhaeven. "Contact sponge method: Performance of a promising tool for measuring the initial water absorption". Journal of Cultural Heritage 10, n.º 1 (enero de 2009): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2008.10.002.
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Liu, De, Shiying Wang, Tao Wu y Yujiang Li. "A Robust Superhydrophobic Polyurethane Sponge Loaded with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient and Selective Oil-Water Separation". Nanomaterials 11, n.º 12 (9 de diciembre de 2021): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123344.
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The influence of different coupling agents and coupling times on the wettability of a polyurethane (PU) sponge surface were optimized. Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) was selected as the optimal coupling agent to prepare the superhydrophobic sponge. The superhydrophobic sponge was prepared in one step, which has the advantages of simple operation and enhanced durability. The superhydrophobic sponge was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Teclis Tracker tensiometry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry. The water contact angle increased from 64.1° to 151.3°, exhibiting ideal superhydrophobicity. Oils and organic solvents with different viscosities and densities can be rapidly and selectively absorbed by superhydrophobic sponges, with an absorption capacity of 14.99 to 86.53 times the weight of the sponge itself, without absorbing any water. Since temperature affects the viscosity and ionic strength of oil, and influences the surface wettability of the sponges, the effect of temperature and ionic strength on the oil absorption capacity of the superhydrophobic sponges was measured, and its mechanism was elucidated. The results showed that the absorptive capacity retained more than 90% of the initial absorptive capacity after repeated use for 10 times. Low-cost, durable superhydrophobic sponges show great potential for large-scale oil-water separation.
Tesis sobre el tema "Contact sponge water absorption test"
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MARTELLI, MILA. "Problematiche della Conservazione Programmata applicata agli apparati decorativi e scultorei dell'architettura monumentale Il caso dei protettivi idrorepellenti". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1153832.
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La presente ricerca prende le mosse dalla vivace discussione intorno al tema della 'conservazione programmata' dei beni culturali e dalla constatazione di come la strada della programmazione sia ancora piuttosto difficile da percorrere, specie per quanto riguarda gli interventi sulle superfici di pregio dell'architettura.
Le ragioni di questa 'resistenza' sono già da tempo sotto osservazione; questo studio si è focalizzato sugli aspetti più operativi: la Conservazione Programmata contempla e comprende la ciclicità di interventi, ma quali dati abbiamo realmente a disposizione per poter programmare la ciclicità di questi interventi? Lo stato dell'arte ne evidenzia la mancanza; paradossalmente, il problema non risiede tanto nella carenza di studi o sperimentazioni, quanto piuttosto nella loro estrema specificità, nell'assenza di un quadro di insieme e nel mancato trasferimento di informazioni tra i campi più specialistici della ricerca e quelli dell’operatività.
In questo quadro generale, l’indagine sull'efficacia residua dei trattamenti conservativi delle superfici decorate dell'architettura è apparsa appropriata per affrontare alcune delle problematiche della programmazione ed è quindi diventata l’oggetto specifico di questo studio. Banco di prova il complesso Cattedrale di San Zeno e Battistero di San Giovanni in Corte in Pistoia, dove il metodo dell’Assorbimento capillare di acqua tramite spugna di contatto (UNI 11432:2011) è stato utilizzato non tanto come test trattato/non trattato, quanto piuttosto come confronto tra trattamenti con ‘anzianità’ diverse e note. Lo studio è stato quindi incentrato sulla possibilità di ‘misurare’ e ‘quantificare’ l’efficienza residua dei trattamenti protettivi dopo un determinato lasso di tempo dalla loro applicazione, e quindi la loro 'durabilità'.
Sul piano generale questa tesi porta un contributo alla riflessione e alla sistematizzazione dei dati in vista di una reale utilità per la manutenzione dei beni monumentali affrontando inoltre con una diversa prospettiva la nozione di durabilità per la conservazione dei beni monumentali e richiamando al confronto sulle diverse scelte conservative.
The present research is placed in the lively discussion around the theme of preventive conservation of cultural heritage and is motivated by the observation of how the road to temporal planning of interventions is still rather difficult to pursue, especially with regard to interventions on decorated architectural surfaces. The reasons for this 'resistance' is still under observation; this study focused on the most operational aspects: preventive conservation contemplates the cyclical nature of interventions, but what data do we really have at disposal to program the repetition of these interventions? The literature review highlights their lack; paradoxically, the problem does not lie so much in the lack of studies or experiments, but rather in their extreme specificity, in the absence of an overall picture and in the failure to transfer information between the most specialized fields of research and those of operations. In this general framework, the investigation into the residual effectiveness of conservative treatments of decorated architectural surfaces appeared appropriate to address some of the problems of programming and has therefore become the specific object of this study. The test stand has been the Cathedral complex of San Zeno and the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Corte in Pistoia, where the Contact sponge water absorption test (UNI 11432: 2011) was used not so much as a treated / untreated test, but rather as a comparison test between treatments with different, and known, aging. The study therefore focused on the possibility of "measuring" and "quantifying" the residual efficiency of protective treatments after a certain period of time from their application, and therefore their "durability". At a general level this thesis brings a contribution to the issue and to the systematization of data with the objective of a real utility for the maintenance of monumental assets; it also addresses, providing a different perspective, the notion of durability for the preservation of monumental assets and finally calls back to the comparison between different conservative choices.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Contact sponge water absorption test"
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Saddem, Mourad, Ahmed Koubaa y Bernard Riedl. "Properties of High-Density Polyethylene-Polypropylene Wood Composites". En Biocomposites. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101282.
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We investigated the effects of polymer blend variation on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of wood-polymer composites (WPC). We used high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) and a combination of 80% PP, 20% HDPE, and 80% HDPE, 20% PP as polymer blends for WPC formulations to simulate recycled plastics. We used black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) hammer milled fibers (75–250 μm) at 35 wt% as a filler for all the formulations. A two-step process was used for WPC manufacturing; pellet extrusion followed by test samples injection. Tensile and three bending tests characterized the WPC mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterized the WPCs’ thermal properties. Water absorption and contact angle measurements assessed the composite dimensional stability. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron scanning microscopy (SEM) investigated the WPCs’ surface chemistry and microstructure. Mechanical properties and dimensional stability varied according to polymer composition, with better performance for WPC containing higher PP proportions. Thermal properties varied with the polymer composition in the WPC, with better thermal stability for the formulation containing higher HDPE proportions. Surface chemistry analysis did not reveal any chemical changes on the WPCs surface. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed distinct phases in all WPCs without evidence of interfacial adhesion.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Contact sponge water absorption test"
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Laborel-Préneron, Aurélie, Clara Ampe, Laurent Labonne, Camille Magniont y Philippe Evon. "Thermal Insulation Blocks Made of Sunflower Pith Particles and Polysaccharide-Based Binders: Influence of Binder Type and Content on Their Characteristics". En 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.43.
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Co-product of sunflower cultivation, pith of stem has a little exploited insulating potential. Blocks in which pith particles are glued together using a starch-based binder have already been obtained. However, they are highly water-sensitive. Replacing this binder with others has been considered here. Polysaccharide-based binders were tested, chosen for their more hydrophobic character: sodium alginate, chitosan, Citrus pectin, and a modified starch. Like starch, these binders are physically binding. They are first solubilised in water (except chitosan, dissolved in 2% acetic acid). The solution is then mixed with pith particles before cold compression molding for 90 s. A 10% binder content was initially considered. The blocks were all cohesive with a dry density from 36 to 42 kg/m3). Their performances were assessed through water absorption capacity and resistance via capillary absorption tests on wet sponges, mechanical test and thermal conductivity. Chitosan and pectin-based blocks show the best properties, particularly concerning water resistance and mechanical properties. The pectin-based block has improved its elastic modulus by 40% compared to a starch-based block. The pectin-based block in its case absorbs 2.7 times less water than starch. Finally, thermal conductivities of pectin and chitosan-based pith blocks are in the same order of magnitude as for starch (39.8-40.1 mW/m.K), and close to values from commercial materials (e.g., polystyrene). Pectin and chitosan were also tested at three rates (5%, 10% and 15%). A significant improvement in the blocks' compressive strength was observed with the increase in binder rate, while thermal conductivities varied little.
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Abouhashem, Azza, Ali Al-Maadeed, Abdulaziz Almohannadi, Hemalatha Rajajothi y Jolly Bhadra. "Super-hydrophobic Membrane based on PVDF/ZnO Composite Electrospun Nanofibers for wastewater & Oil spill treatment". En Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0049.
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Industrial development releases plenty of oil/dyes wastes to water making unsafe the environment to live in. This project aims to solve the problems associated with environmental pollution and discharge of industrial effluents to water bodies. This is very important in the global scenario as water is the basis of life. The problem of leaking oil and dyes in water bodies is one of the biggest problems that cause instability in the ecosystem since, it has a negative impact on marine creatures that live in these water bodies. In addition, this damage is transmitted to humans in an indirect way. The current project aims to develop ZnO/PVDF composite nanofibers using electrospun technique. The fabricated nanofibers were analyzed mainly for their morphology by using scanning electron microscope, X-Ray diffraction, mechanical tensile strength, UV light spectroscope and oil separation experiments was mainly targeted for the proposed research and photocatalytic performance. Using these nanoparticles oil absorption was done for the water contaminated with oil and dye. The novelty of this particular proposal is defined by the nontoxic material fabrication method in the form of membrane, the fabricated membrane can be used for both absorbing oil & separating dyes from water. We have successfully synthesized the flower-like ZnO architectures by hydrothermal method, developing oil and dye absorbing membrane using electrospinning techniques. It can absorb oil and dyes from water wastes, can be reused many times. The observed results suggest that the fabricated flexible electrospun nanofibers are suitable for the wastewater treatment. Our future recommendations to test different types of dyes not mentioned in this research involve, mixing two dyes together and check testing by the fabricated membrane, testing mixture of both oil and dye wastes together and develope the membrane to be as a sponge, which can hold the oil then collecting this oil and reusing it again.
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Gorthala, Ravi. "Tri-Sol (Building-Integrated, Three-in-One Solar) Technology Development". En ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49437.
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A unique solar technology that can be building-integrated, which harnesses both visible and infrared spectrums of solar radiation, utilizes direct and diffuse radiation to produce electricity and hot water, and delivers daylight, has been conceptualized. This technology is a three-in-one (named Tri-Sol), low/medium-concentration, building-integrated, skylight system for commercial buildings. However, this technology can be utilized for building facades and other building envelope components. A key component of the technology is linear Fresnel lenses. These lenses can be designed to be thin and light-weight. Sunlight, concentrated by the linear Fresnel lenses with a low-cost single axis tracker, focuses on a high-efficiency, thin Photo Voltaic (PV) strip that is in contact with a thermal absorber. Electricity produced by PV strips can be processed and distributed from an electric power management system. The thermal absorber houses a sealed heat pipe for cooling the PV strip and producing hot water. The water-cooled condenser section of the heat pipe is external to the skylight so that there is no issue of water leakage through the skylight. Hot water produced can be used for end-use, space heating, or absorption cooling. All diffuse light that cannot be concentrated by Fresnel lenses is delivered into the building interior space. A pre-prototype of Tri-Sol technology was designed and built at University of New Haven (UNH). Solar Testing and Training Laboratory (STTL) at UNH houses solar thermal collector equipment with a capability to perform Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC) tests. The Tri-Sol module was mounted on the SRCC test equipment at UNH and was tested outdoors to identify any issues or design enhancements.