Tesis sobre el tema "Constructions – Environnement – La Réunion (France ; île)"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 21 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Constructions – Environnement – La Réunion (France ; île)".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Tibère, Laurence. "Constructions identitaires et créolisation alimentaire à l'île de La Réunion". Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20077.
Texto completoThe main originality of the society from Réunion lies in the diversity of the people involved in its population and in the cultural intersectings that ensued from it; the dynamics of the creolization continue today and make cohabit in a complex way unity and heterogeneousness. Because it is the support of the process of socialization and of the construction of the identities, food habits constitute a privileged access road to apprehend the cultural organization of this Creole society. The research leans on an approach mobilizing in a complementary way the survey thanks to questionnaires, interviews and observation. It allows to make people aware of the complexity of the identity process that underlie the creolization, thus confirming the idea according to which food is a first rate place of reading of those phenomena. But the most striking result lies in the bringing up to date of its founding part in the organization of the living together within this multicultural society
Ayagapin, Leslie. "L’Analyse de Cycle de Vie au défi de l’urgence climatique : une analyse multi-échelle de la qualité environnementale des bâtiments en milieu subtropical insulaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LARE0030.
Texto completoEnvironmental impacts from anthropogenic activities remain significantly present in the atmosphere. A large part of these environmental impacts is attributable to the construction sector. This thesis was developed in the context of the ecological transition at the scale of Reunion Island. The objective of this work is to understand the factors of the environmental quality of buildings in an insular subtropical environment and to propose alternative approaches to these assessments. The environmental performance of buildings can allow a significant reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at both structural and functional scales. In this thesis, a first evaluation of the environmental impacts of the built single-family houses (SFH) allowed us to identify and define the total ratios while considering the representative share of the structural, functional, and end-of-life scales. For this, it was necessary to build a regional database that regionalizes the emission factors (EF) specific to the island. This holistic approach allowed us to highlight the environmental over cost of the island due to its geographical location. Furthermore, we considered another constraint: the impact of the local electricity production mix, which contributes strongly to the operational phase. For this purpose, a prospective approach was carried out through decarbonization scenarios and allowed to determine the decrease of the impact of local electricity generation for the next to 2040, thanks to the integration of new technologies. Finally, the local database having been primarily developed, two approaches, "simplified" and "synthesized," were proposed : the simplified approach was initiated to make LCA affordable to professionals so that they have simplified tools for evaluating their projects. Then, the synthesized approach (ICE) allowed us to simplify the information and propose an impact threshold applicable to the constructions in an insular environment. Finally, given all these works, we bring to the first light the importance of integrating a new paradigm of building sustainability. This definition must incorporate the capacity of the building recycling capacity. But it must be considered a short economic chain of revalorization at the scale of India-Oceania
Vaillant, Zoé. "La Réunion, koman i lé ? : les constructions socio-territoriales de santé à l'île de la Réunion". Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100019.
Texto completoHow could the place where people live have a part in promoting (improving) or deteriorating their health ? The researcher analyse health socio-territorial constructions on La Réunion island. He tries to bring together the backdrop corresponding to the populations' "environnent", which would explain how, beside social or individual characteristics, risk exposure can be influenced by living locations. Local health constructions appear to be, in each location, specific combinations of all aspects of "the environnent", term including numerous and varied aspects of life (ecological and biological data, social and family relationships, health services supplying) which surrounds and "deterrnines" populations' health. Two quarter comparative monographs (exploration of the conditions of social relationships within the districts, the spatial representations and practical experiences, social and health support authorities appropriation modes, localized active and passive treatment methods) shows processes that are firmly-rooted and filled in a territorialized daily /ife, through which the inhabitants' health builds up or worsens
Samson, Guillaume. "Musique et identité à La Réunion : généalogie des constructions d'une singularité insulaire". Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://tel.univ.run.elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/06AIXSamson.pdf.
Texto completoThe central problem of our research aims at estimating and at redefining the concept of musical creolisation and its application in the complex musical cultures of the Mascareignes. According to diachronical and comparative processes, we shall then delimit the methods through which the sega musical genre in Reunion Island set up and changed in all its diversity thanks to the correlation of socio-historical, musicological, linguistic and anthropological data. Indeed, this term ‘sega' first appeared in the eighteenth century to denote the music of the African slaves up to its last meanings as a specifically creole music, linked to the local identity and musical economy. We shall eventually try to understand the modalities through which musics at first associated with specific groups of people go from the strictly community sphere — often connected with religious practices claimed as having a Malagasy or Indian origin in particular — to the global society as well as the local and even international media sphere
Lorion, David. "Inondations et aménagements à l'île de la Réunion". Paris 10, 2000. http://thesesenligne.univ.run/H/2000pa100125_lorion.pdf.
Texto completoAvice, Bertrand. "L'écotourisme sur la façade orientale du massif du Piton de la Fournaise, Île de la Réunion-océan Indien : définition, enjeu et stratégie d'aménagement dans le cadre d'un développement durable". La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_02_Avice.pdf.
Texto completoQueste, Jérôme. "Concertation et changements : le cas du recyclage desdéchets organiques à la Réunion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH009.
Texto completoImproving the interactions between economic activities and the environment is a contemporary challenge and has been a major research topic for the last decades. Current trends recommend to implement dialogue processes to contribute to adaptive governance systems, ensuring both sustainable use of natural resources and protection of ecosystems. Despite growing empirical case studies, political ideologies and emerging analytical framework, the relationships between dialogue processes and effective observed changes in the human-nature interactions still remain unclear.This research explored the mechanisms through which a dialogue process may contribute to effectives changes in the way human-nature interactions were organized. To address this question, we did apprehend human-nature interactions as economic activities and focused on the organization of the markets involving natural resources. Two hypothesis of contribution of dialogue processes to market organization change based on literature were set: The improvement of organizations and individuals actors skills, knowledge and information through collective learning and the evolution of market organization through institutional change.Our research was conducted using the Girovar project as a case-study. In la Réunion, this project implemented a dialogue process to explore collectively large-scale recycling scenarios to solve a growing environmental issue of organic waste treatment. Parallel ethnographic studies were conducted to analysis both the dialogue process and evolutions of effective economic transactions involving two types of organic wastes: poultry litter and green-waste compost.Our main results are that dialogue processes provide resources to operational actors but do not trigger change. These resources include knowledge exchange and technical learning but exclusively to dialogue participants. At a broader scale, assessing the credibility, saliency and legitimacy of the recycling solution provides a “rational myth” that contributes to institutional change at both institutional and operational level. These mechanisms, whose genericity should be further assessed, qualify dialogue processes as a relevant component of a broader adaptive governance system
Baret, Stéphane. "Mécanismes d'invasion de Rubus alceifolius à l'île de la Réunion : interaction entre facteurs écologiques et perturbations naturelles et anthropiques dans la dynamique d'invasion". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646471.
Texto completoPerrau, Antoine. ""Influence de la ventilation naturelle dans l'évolution de l'architecture tropicale". "Évaluation de cette influence au travers un regard d'architecte et d'urbaniste exerçant à La Réunion"". Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0045.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes an approach based on the study of the influence of natural ventilation in the evolution of tropical architecture, past, present and future. This work starts from the observations related to the energy crisis and its consequences, global warming and the excessive use of air conditioning. It focuses on the tropical environment, which is experiencing rapid demographic, economic and therefore energy growth. First, it answers the question: Could a common, humid tropical climate have produced original and common architectural typologies, despite a strong geographical and temporal dispersion, at a time when the physics of buildings was not in use? In a second step, we tried to characterize thermal comfort and by which devices (architectural and technical) it is obtained for a traditional representative Reunionese "hut". Thirdly, we asked ourselves: How can we transpose these old concepts into contemporary projects, respecting which principles, with which tools and to obtain which results? This is based on an evaluation of two case studies, L'Ilet du Centre and Collège Bouéni, the tools used, their context of use and the efficiency of these devices. Finally, we have recently become aware of the need for a change of scale. Through a case study, we studied the ZAC Cœur de ville de La Possession, how to propose the transcription and ensure the sustainability of the natural ventilation chain, studied in the first three parts, in order to make the concept of a wind city applicable, enforceable, and therefore reproducible. Results: In terms of results, the study of these examples showed the importance of natural ventilation in the tropical zone, the impact on built forms, the solutions allowing comfort to be obtained in a traditional Reunionese hut, the role of the distant and nearby context, the risk of dysfunction in the event of modification of it, the interest of the appropriate use of new design tools, including aerothermal engineering and their adaptation to the geographical, climatic and programming context. We then proposed to ensure the sustainability of these devices on a building scale by moving to an urban scale. This thesis work made it possible in particular to make proposals for the regulatory transposition of these rules into the PLU. To this end, we have established constructability rules in the Cœur de ville project of La Possession, which preserves the potential for natural ventilation of buildings in the urban fabric through an integrated airflow engineering approach. The regulatory transposition of these rules into the PLU has finally made it possible to define a right to natural ventilation. This is a first applied example of regulatory wind energy planning while highlighting the need for rigorous operational monitoring to ensure its complete success
Savidan, Lise. "L'appropriation du modèle de quartiers durables sous climat tropical : mise en place d'une grille d’indicateurs de durabilité urbaine appliquée au quartier de Ravine Blanche sur l'île de La Réunion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0028.
Texto completoThe urban sustainability is a contemporary preoccupation, because of the international environnemental & social events which take place at the end of the 20th century. Sustainable neighbourhoods are solutions proposed to take in account the new societal stakes into the urban sphere. The intervention scales seems to be adequate to test new conceptions solutions. This phd tried to describe how the concept is adapted into tropical field. In a first part we propose to describe the general concept of sustainability, its emergence conditions, its majors principles and the subjects that gathered or drove apart the scientific community. In a second part we present some specificities of tropical cities, we propose conceptions principles adapted to the climate. We create a tool to evaluate urban sustainability in tropical neigbourhoods. Composed of fifty urban indicators separated into three majors axis, this tool allows to evaluate the durability nivel of urban projects at a quarter scale. We propose three nivel of performance to evaluate durability: Basis, Performant, Very Performant. In a third part of the document, we apply the tool on Ravine Blanche quarter, located into a humide tropical climate, in Reunion island (Indian Ocean). According to the results, thanks to sustainable project of renovation applied on the quarter, Ravine Blanche reaches a Basis level of durability.This phd, allows to evaluate in tropical territories how the concepters take in account the sustainability, comparing to the general concept. It proposes to the urban concepters adapted solutions to deal with the hot climate
Vidot, Émeline. "La construction d'une identité réunionnaise de 1959 à nos jours : représentations culturelles et constructions discursives". Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0009/document.
Texto completoThis research paper questions the identity claims (territorial and political, individual and collective) in a corpus of engaged speeches. The decision was to work from speeches of progressive parties, engaged novels from the 1970s-1980s, life stories and accounts from “the Children of Creuse”. The analysed texts highlight the construction of a political model of state supervision and blame a process of decolonisation that stifles particularities and stigmatises the Creole identity. The claims focus on empowering the making of political decisions and considering the regional specificities. These local particularities, either geographic, linguistic or cultural, are defended as defining elements of Reunion's identity. However, the Reunionese identity is represented in a conflictual process in which the cultural elements are organised in a hierarchy. The analysis of the issue of the building of identities during the postcolonial era shows an inevitable correlation with the organisation of the colonial society. The structures of domination, transformed after 1946, correlated to the effects of the departmentalisation and globalisation, hinder the construction of an assertive identity. In this context, the literary speech becomes a means of resistance and allows the subordinates to claim the speech back to themselves and bring another version of the history. This thesis questions the concerns of the building of the Reunionese identity in the context of social and political transformations and by considering its consequences on individuals. It also emphasises the absence of consideration of colonialism and its contemporary impacts in France
Jean, Aurélien. "Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes végétalisées : évaluation de la performance énergétique globale en climat tropical humide". Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0028.
Texto completoThe aim of this article is to present a vulgarized introduction to the vegetated complex partitions field, called VCP. To reach this goal, the green roof notions, their uses and implications are defined. The theory is illustrated by a Reunion Island case study, which allows to list several impacts of the green walls utilization
Déodat, Vincent. "Évaluation du gisement éolien dans un contexte insulaire complexe : le cas de l'île de La Réunion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0057.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis proposes a methodology to identify and quantify the wind power resource in a context characterized by a complex topography and a strong competition for land use, and then it applies it to the case of Reunion island. Our approach is interdisciplinary by using in turn law, geography, statistics and physics to quantify the wind power resource in Reunion Island, then economics to cost the mining of this deposit and to formulate public policies to support wind power generation. The first part of the thesis assesses the impact of land regulatory framework on the wind power resource defined in terms of installable peak power. This regulatory framework is defined in terms of scenarios depicting the social and environmental challenges associated with wind power generation in Reunion Island. A methodology based on Geographic Information Systems is developed to identify the spatial distribution of installable wind farms and to assess the impact of an evolution of land legal framework in Reunion. The second part of the thesis aims at quantifying the wind power on sites accessible from a regulatory point of view. The thesis presents a methodology to study the joint distribution of horizontal wind speed and direction based on the analysis of its seasonal and daily variations, and identifies the different wind regimes in force in Reunion. The thesis supports the use of Weibull distribution model on ground of probability theory, and provides evidence of superiority of using a mixture of Weibull distributions conditional on wind direction to quantify the wind power resource of an accessible site with respect to the use of the conventional marginal two parameters Weibull model. The thesis also provides a methodology to construct the geographical information regarding ground obstacles necessary for profiling the vertical wind shear profile in Reunion. Then, the thesis proposes two spatial prediction methods to assess the spatial distribution of wind resource allowing its estimation from the observations recorded at the available weather stations, and uses these methods to model the spatial evolution of the wind speed mean and variation coefficient. The last part of the thesis provides a method to cross assess the regulatory public policy and the public subsidy policy for wind power generation through feed-in-tariff schemes. For each regulatory scenario, we identify the wind power plants which are profitable under existing feed-in-tariff schemes. For each regulatory scenario, we also evaluate the level at which the feed-in-tariff must be set to reach public objectives of wind power development in Reunion, which allows to assess the amount of public subsidy needed to achieve these objectives
Dumoulin, François. "Évaluation environnementale d'un projet de symbiose industrielle territoriale : application à un projet de gestion territorialisée de résidus organiques valorisés en agriculture dans l'ouest de la Réunion". Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0029/document.
Texto completoEfficient use of by-products is essential as natural ressources are increasingly scarce. Industrial strategies to adress this issue are more efficient when they are developed on a system-based level, such as with regional industrial symbioses,rather then with individual or isolated approaches.Regional industrial symbiosis projects involve different industrial activities based on a territory and that are to be engaged collectively in order to make structural changes within the regional metabolism. This kind of project might be promoted by individuals or organisations legitimated by the whole of industrial symbiosis'actors. A facilitator group initiates the project, catalysing changes, based on a plausible promise of benefits. Those considered changes are gradually adapted and refined by the involved actors. In such a way, plausible benefits must match to their model of choice that comprises environmental, among others, dimensions.While methods and tools dedicated to environmental assessment of product were developped under strong research effort, the issue of environmental assessment fo regional industrial symbioses so far as has been weakly studied. For that purpose Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is presented as an ultimate environmental assessment method. However, LCA was not elaborated in oder to account for individual environmental perspective, nor to address structural system changes induced consequently to the implementation of a regional industrial sysbiosis nore its temporal effects on the environment, but instead LCA addresses global environmental issues related to a product. Starting from this analysis, and dealing with outcomes from social sciences, we propose to adopt an anthropocentric conception of the environment, as a system of complex subject-object relationships, for which we identify key elements of the perception of environemental consequences. Those key elements enable to build a logical basis composed of three environments that enable to cover, and thus to consider, actors' perception of environmental consequences related to the project. We present a participatory method that embeds this logical basis and suggests successively to 1) identify the environmental phenomena of interest related to the project, 2) design corresponding indicators considering concomitantly available data about the biophysical characteristics and scientific knowledge about the impact chains, 3) assess the environmental consequences. We illustrate the method and its epistemological foundations with a case study: a project that aims to recycle organic residues in agriculture in Réunion Island
Bigot, Dimitri. "Contribution à l’étude du couplage énergétique enveloppe / système dans le cas de parois complexes photovoltaïques (PC - PV)". Thesis, La Réunion, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LARE0024/document.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a thermal and electrical modelling of PV walls integrated to buildings. The particularity of this model is that the heat transfer that occurs through the panel to the building is described so that both building and PV thermal modelling are fully coupled. This has the advantage of allowing the prediction of the impact of PV installation on the building temperature field and also the comfort inside it. The aim of this study is to show the impact of the PV panels in terms of level of insulation or solar protection for the building. Moreover, the study has been conducted in La Reunion Island, where the climate is tropical and humid, with a strong solar radiation. In such conditions, it is important to minimise the thermal load through the roof of the building. The thermal model is integrated in a building simulation code and is able to predict the thermal impact of PV panels installed on buildings in several configurations and also their production of electricity. Finally, the experimental study is used to give elements of validation for the numerical model and a sensitivity analysis has been run to put in evidence the governing parameters. It has been shown that the radiative properties of the PV panel have a great impact on the temperature field of the tested building and the determination of these parameters has to be taken with care. Results of sensitivity analysis are used to optimize the PV thermal model using the GenOpt optimization program
Malet-Damour, Bruno. "Contribution à l'étude des dispositifs de guides lumineux tubulaires (D.G.L.T.) appliqués au bâtiment : expérimentation, modélisation et validation". Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0026/document.
Texto completoDesigning a building with comfort and energy conservation concerns is a key issue. In the alarming global context, both on energy-climate that the building sector is singled out. In France, the lighting is among the poor performers compared to other European countries. The country lags behind in quality tertiary or residential lighting in terms of energy performance, visual comfort or health. The organization of "2015, Année de la Lumière en France" by the ONU, UNESCO and the CNOP shows a change which tends to take place in the popular consciousness. Reunion Island, considering its strong solar radiation, is a land of choice to experiment with innovative devices in the contribution of daylight in buildings. For this purpose, the physical approach of the phenomenon provides prediction prospects, where the theoretical study of today will be tomorrow's building. Starting with a generalist approach, this PhD thesis aims to be as comprehensive as possible in the literature review, experimental and modelling study of the TDGS (Tubular Daylight Guide Systems) applied to the building. Our bibliographic survey has revealed that, this process is commonly marketed and installed internationally on the buildings concerned about their environmental impact or well-being of their occupants. However, the literature also shows they are poorly studied, and the approaches cannot be applied to all types of climates. In this context, a full-scale experimental study, including many scenarios was conducted to understand the phenomena involved.The semi-empirical modelling has both strengths and weaknesses. With simplicity, it remains limited to a configuration or a particular climate. In this issue, this research offers a solution: a numeric tool of dedicated modelling environment, ensuring the generation of the models according to need, called HEMERA. It uses the power of genetic algorithms to provide an effective solution to a local problem. The computer code CODYRUN is the support of the validation of the model developed as part of this work, and adjusted specifically for the climate of Reunion Island. This software profits an experience and a development of over 20 years in the PIMENT laboratory
Holstein, Philippe. "La soutenabilité des économies insulaires coloniales et postcoloniales : le cas de l’île de La Réunion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0021.
Texto completoSmall, isolated and vulnerable, islands have become symbols in current debates on the sustainability of economic systems. This is no coincidence. For colonial and insular experiences have played a key role in the emergence of political economy, which, initially focused on the creation of wealth as much as on its durability. Conversely, political economy nurtured the development of a new “art of government” which has deeply influenced islands trajectories and engendered new relations of power that persist today. In particular through the concept of (sustainable) development that naturalizes a contingent, utilitarian, view of sustainability. By bringing together the paradigm of complexity, ecological economics and poststructuralist works, this thesis aims to deconstruct this concept and reframe it through an institutionalist and interdisciplinary approach that fully integrates ecological, symbolic and social factors as well as the multiplicity of economies. It then studies the formation and evolution of plantation economies, both in Reunion Island and the Caribbean, to question the paradox of “durable unsustainability”: why and how can an economy grounded on destruction and unable to satisfy the ends it was designed for, maintain itself on the long term? A third part queries the sustainability of the “departementalisation” project, i.e. decreeing development: turning a ruined colony in a modern economy, able to reach European standards through self-sustained growth. It thus emphasizes the retroactions that wiped this utopia out to give birth to an original, yet fragile, model of resilient dependence
Marc, Olivier. "Étude expérimentale, modélisation et optimisation d'un procédé de rafraîchissement solaire à absorption couplé au bâtiment". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867005.
Texto completoDéodat, Vincent. "Évaluation du gisement éolien dans un contexte insulaire complexe : le cas de l'île de La Réunion". Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0057/document.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis proposes a methodology to identify and quantify the wind power resource in a context characterized by a complex topography and a strong competition for land use, and then it applies it to the case of Reunion island. Our approach is interdisciplinary by using in turn law, geography, statistics and physics to quantify the wind power resource in Reunion Island, then economics to cost the mining of this deposit and to formulate public policies to support wind power generation. The first part of the thesis assesses the impact of land regulatory framework on the wind power resource defined in terms of installable peak power. This regulatory framework is defined in terms of scenarios depicting the social and environmental challenges associated with wind power generation in Reunion Island. A methodology based on Geographic Information Systems is developed to identify the spatial distribution of installable wind farms and to assess the impact of an evolution of land legal framework in Reunion. The second part of the thesis aims at quantifying the wind power on sites accessible from a regulatory point of view. The thesis presents a methodology to study the joint distribution of horizontal wind speed and direction based on the analysis of its seasonal and daily variations, and identifies the different wind regimes in force in Reunion. The thesis supports the use of Weibull distribution model on ground of probability theory, and provides evidence of superiority of using a mixture of Weibull distributions conditional on wind direction to quantify the wind power resource of an accessible site with respect to the use of the conventional marginal two parameters Weibull model. The thesis also provides a methodology to construct the geographical information regarding ground obstacles necessary for profiling the vertical wind shear profile in Reunion. Then, the thesis proposes two spatial prediction methods to assess the spatial distribution of wind resource allowing its estimation from the observations recorded at the available weather stations, and uses these methods to model the spatial evolution of the wind speed mean and variation coefficient. The last part of the thesis provides a method to cross assess the regulatory public policy and the public subsidy policy for wind power generation through feed-in-tariff schemes. For each regulatory scenario, we identify the wind power plants which are profitable under existing feed-in-tariff schemes. For each regulatory scenario, we also evaluate the level at which the feed-in-tariff must be set to reach public objectives of wind power development in Reunion, which allows to assess the amount of public subsidy needed to achieve these objectives
Guichard, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes intégrant des matériaux à changements de phase : modélisation, expérimentation, et évaluation de la performance énergétique globale". Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0008/document.
Texto completoThis Ph.D thesis focusses on energy control in buildings in order to reach high energetic performances by the use of passive means. One of the proposed solution is based on the use of Phase Change Materials (PCMs). Located into walls, PCMs allow to stock thermal energy into latent heat. The aim of the study is thus to put in evidence PCMs actual impacts on the thermal field of a building and its role as thermal insulation. For these considerations, a thermal model has been developed and validated. An experimental device has been set-up for the collection of data in field environment and for a human scale. The measurement sequence has been conducted at Reunion Island, for a hot and humid tropical climate. For the determination of the thermal behaviour of a commplex wall included PCMs, we proposed a generic model, able to predict many configurations. The model has been implemented in a multizone building simulation code (ISOLAB), for the prediction of wall temperature profiles and PCMs impact on the thermal comfort. Following a combined metholodogy, including modelling and experimentation for validation, we were able to validate the model for actual conditions and to evaluate the model's prediction accuracy
Junot, Amandine. "Passion pour des activités de pleine nature et comportements environnementaux : influence de la passion pour une APN sur la motivation environnementale". Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0014/document.
Texto completoIn La Réunion, outdoor activities are at the core of environmental issues. Increasingly, these activities are presented as passionate practice. According to the kind of passion, engagement in the activity is different and the degree of opening to nature and environment would be impacted. Therefore, passion could be a key factor in pro-environmentalism development following outdoor activities practice. The objective of this thesis is to study the role of passion for outdoor activity on nature affiliation and conflict toward environmental protection and their influence on environmental motivation, while emphasizing the role of emotions and place attachment as mediators