Tesis sobre el tema "Construction durable – Gestion"
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Li, Hang. "Utilisation de matériaux bois intelligents pour la gestion durable des infrastructures". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30288/document.
Texto completoFor fifteen years, we restart to construct with wood, and particularly with glulam to respond to the new challenges imposed by the issues of sustainable development. However, degradation issues related to moisture content (MC) or wetting/drying cycles limit the development of timber structures. As a result, the MC monitoring in timber structures becomes a critical issue. Today, several solutions exist but they do not allow a local monitoring in the lamellas of glulam. Such a solution would improve the prediction of the service life of timber structures. In the light of this observation, we proposed to transform glulam into "smart material" by embedding a MC monitoring system in the lamellas, and this, considering the major constraints of fabrication of this material (small glue line thickness, important bonding pressure, etc.). To achieve this, we have conducted a bibliographic research, in order to select the monitoring methods which can satisfy these constraints. According to this research, two technologies turn out to be interesting: the electrical measurements and the ultrasonic measurements. Several measurement configurations were proposed and tested in this PhD work. Thereafter, we conducted preliminary tests to make sure of the good functionality of these measurement configurations, and also to verify the behavior of sensors throughout the glulam fabrication process. Afterwards, we moistened the specimens with two different moistening protocols in order to verify the feasibility of MC monitoring with embedded sensors. Results showed that all the measurement configurations are operational for the MC monitoring in glulam specimens. Moreover, for electrical measurements, our results show that we can adopt almost the same calibration models for the MC monitoring by resistive measurements, no matter the type of sensors used. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain complementary information by the realization of the resistive and capacitive measurements at the same time, using surface electrodes. Regarding the ultrasonic measurements, we have obtained the sensibility curves in frequency of several families of piezoelectric film sensors. On the other hand, the influence of bonding pressure and of sensor distance on the electrical/ultrasonic measurements was also investigated in this study. Future studies will consist in using these measurement configurations to perform in situ monitoring in timber structures, and also to establish a link between the durability of glulam structures and the wetting/drying cycles in order to predict the service life of timber structures
Levrel, Harold. "Biodiversité et développement durable : quels indicateurs". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128430.
Texto completoCette thèse cherche à évaluer la pertinence des indicateurs d'interactions existants ainsi que des méthodes de construction innovantes qui se fixent pour objectif de développer des outils de co-gestion adaptative de la biodiversité
Araujo, Maria Cristina. "La politique de l'eau et la construction d'une rationalité socio-environnementale : le cas du bassin du Rio Preto, District fédéral, Brésil". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070009.
Texto completoThis thesis consists 0f a case study about the Rio preto watershed in the federal district, brazil. It presents an analysis of the implementation 0f the brazilian water policies and its relation to the environment and, with the new policies, tries to identify if there is a new perception about the environment by brazilian public managers and water users. Taking into consideration the case of the Rio preto watershed in the federal district, brazil, the thesis discussed the concepts of sustainable water management, governance and the watershed as the management unit. The research focussed on the Implementation of the water policy and tried to understand the Main context for the conservation 0f environmental conditions for the protection 0f water ressources in the rio preto watershed, federal district, brazil. The research also carried out a study 0f the occupation of the rio preto watershed, by means of a multi-temporal analysis of land use change covering the period from 1973 to 2008. The relation between water consumption by irrigation systems for agriculture production and the reduction of natural vegetation areas was also identified. Participative governance was also studied, taking into consideration the social differences between groups of water users in brazil. Finally, this work puts in evidence the insufficiencies of the instruments implemented as a result of the water policies in the case of the Rio preto watershed, federal district, brazil
Cere, Arnaud. "L'influence du développement durable sur la gestion des risques dans l'entreprise : un cas dans le BTP". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30058.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the influence of sustainable development on risk management within a company, regarding the social responsibility of the latter. The rich literature about this topic establishes a distinction between the utilitarian and the deontological conception that can complete each other to know better about the risk management linked to the CSR. The analysis in the literature has then focused on the determinants of the modern risk management and the importance of the coordination in the reliability of companies. In this perspective, a particular attention has been paid to Weick’s work, highlighting thus the notion of culture and the interrelations between people as determinatives of reliability. The thoughts on the economy of conventions enables to see sustainable development as a transformation of the constituent conventions of the company, the representations of its employees, and not only the rules of the company, operating at the level of the sphere of actions.This leads to the consider the theory of the social representations (Moscovici, Vergès...) in an instrumental way, and to associate it the economies of worth of Boltanski and Thévenot, with the aim to make understandable the ways that enables to go beyond the conflicts of interests that define a common good and enable to establish stable modalities of coordination.We have chosen for the study a company of the CPW field. This is a subsidiary company of a French group, located in the three following regions: Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon. At the time of the study, around 3600 persons were working in it.Our empirical research approach is based on a method combining qualitative and quantitative approaches in order to strengthen the validity of the research. An analysis of the social representations has been led through a questionnaire and face to face interviews with members of the workforce. This work offers an original interpretative framework of the contribution of a sustainable development strategy to the control of risks, beyond the implementation of classical management systems.Our work contributes to the analysis of means that can ease conflicts and that can be brought by the sustainable development regarding the social risk management. We highlight understandable elements of the influence of the integration of sustainable development on the coordination of people facing risks
Soufflet-Freslon, Vanessa. "Résistance du pommier à la tavelure (Venturia inaequalis) : Recherche de nouveaux loci et construction de génotypes "prototypes" en vue d'une gestion durable de la résistance". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445904.
Texto completoWoillez, Mathilde. "Construction d'une gouvernance partagée pour une gestion durable du tourisme dans les territoires insulaires. : Conduite d'une recherche-action dans deux territoires insulaires en Corse et en Crète". Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0016/document.
Texto completoThe islands of the Mediterranean area are confronted to a massive tourism development which is not systematically well-controlled by their local societies. The issues and pressures related to the touristic development are various and significant, including land pressure linked to real estatespeculation, environmental damages, socioeconomic vulnerability, and the fragmentation of the socio-cultural cohesion due to the restructuration of local societies linked to migrations. Facing such important issues, we could expect from island communitiesthat they would react and organize themselves, especially since islands appear to be archetypical local territories if we consider their natural boundaries, their socio-cultural homogeneity, their cohesive identity and their traditional links and solidarity. However, major mutations in the last decades have resulted in distension of these links while fostering the emergence of new conflicts revealing differentiated appropriations and visions of the touristic future of their island territories.This PhD thesis aims to study the conditions for the emergence of a shared governance of tourism in two Mediterranean island territories, one in Corsica -the Castagniccia Mare è Monti -and one in Crete -the dimos of Sitia -, that could support the empowerment of local societies for the management of a touristic development that could be sustainable for their territories. The central action of the present research was to design and experiment a participative process in the study areas, for the identification, mobilization and coordinated action of the concerned persons. This action included three operational stages: the first step was to realize a cross-study of both tourist trajectories and organizational dynamics of our two study areas, within their insular regional context, to better understand what might be the challenges and conflicts linked to tourism development. The second step was to identify, collect and understand the point of views and positions of the concerned persons about tourism dynamics and perspectives of their territories. The third and final step was to start a negotiation process between the concerned persons in order for them to co-build a shared vision of the tourism future in their territories
Benfredj, Daniel. "L'eau dans les politiques d'aménagement et dans la construction territoriale en Isräel (1880-2000)". Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIML006/document.
Texto completoThe issue about water and territory is the heart of the present problem in this country. How has water shaped the development policies in Israël? How has it become a decisive factor of regional development and peace? As the essential cause of territory and regional development in this country, water will be a determining peace factor in all the area. It seemed to me interesting to analyze this question as it explains the present resources situation, which means a more and more integrated and sustainable management of the Jordan water, with its numerous implications both for Israël and for its neighbors. Moreover, a diachronic analysis of the resource management is liable to relate the israelian territory political development evolution. On this account, the analysis of Beth Shean valley and of the Harod stream, an affluent of Jordan River right bank, gives an example of the territory development evolution and of water control. We should point out the question about the validity of the management of resource in this example and wonder whether it has allowed a harmonious and lasting development of the area. This example was very close to the model of national territory development in Israël and it corresponded fits the aim for the building of a new state and total resource management. What happens to this type of management today? Can it cope with the needs of an ever-growing population? Isn't necessary to envisage a sustainable management of the resources to meet with the needs of all and generate peace and freedom for the people in this area?
Azari, Elahe. "Quels types d'éco-quartiers pour l'Iran ? : recherche sur la faisabilité des écoquartiers en Iran : application à l'étude de la création et construction d'un écoquartier en campagne de Téhéran et ses effets sur les citoyens et leurs modes de vie : Téhéran-Hashtgerd". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH016/document.
Texto completoWe enter in the new level of urban planning that promotes eco-district, which is part of the objective of sustainable development and reduction of the ecological footprint, usually associated with a strong involvement of residents. Recall that an eco-district is a district that reduces energy consumption by using renewable energy; highlights gentle movements; limit the production of waste and the use of resources such as water; also involved in the choice of building materials.The development of eco-neighborhoods is very recent in the Western world, and has seen little application elsewhere. A country like Iran has not yet integrated accurate reflection on eco-neighborhoods and their development, even though it is now entering a new stage of sustainable development. Our project is to research and focus on the acceptability and feasibility of eco-neighborhoods which are adapted to the Iranian world, and whose results could revolutionize, or at least to change the urban design of cities in Iran. In a first point we briefly consider the general problem of the eco-district, before dealing in second place this issue in the context of Iran and, more specifically Tehran ; for final question the feasibility of eco sustainable neighborhoods in Iran
Daudigeos, Thibault. "Rendre l'entreprise néolibérale responsable. Rôle des logiques institutionnelles et des experts fonctionnels. Etude de la gestion du risque accident du travail dans le secteur de la construction". Phd thesis, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485050.
Texto completoHoxha, Valter. "Quelles méthodes pour la gestion durable de la ressource des plantes aromatiques et médicinales ? : Analyse des inventaires historiques en Albanie, modélisation des habitats à partir des traces GPS des cueilleurs et construction d’un observatoire". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30069.
Texto completoMedicinal and aromatic plants in Albania is an economic sector that exerts great pressure on the natural resource and causes the deterioration of the habitats of plants and even puts them at risk of extinction. The overall aim of the thesis is to provide new complementary approaches to improve the knowledge base on PAM resource in Albania. The first part of the thesis deals with the work that had to be made on the existing (inventories and studies) to draw lessons and identify potential gaps. The Work on the Albanian archives covering the period from 1920 to 1986 and various studies conducted between 1988 and 2010 have made it possible to identify the various devices of resource management. A harvestable part was collected as historical data and structured as a database. The second part of the thesis proposes a method of habitat modeling operated from GPS traces of the gatherers using mainly concepts from the "Time Geography." The collection of information is based on a participatory approach (crowdsourcing) involving gatherers as information contributor. GPS tracks are processed and analyzed by a model that uses a set of filters to select only those portions that belong to trace's action of picking in strict sense. Determine the action of gathering come back to indirectly detect the location of a plant. The successive application filters of the instantaneous speed, of the spatio-temporal density, of the surface and the mean variation of angles used to model the collection area (zc) that the aggregation at the different scales used to reconstruct the exploited habitat. The construction of the theoretical model has been translated into the SQL language and implemented in a spatial database to facilitate automated data processing. This model has been tested on three herbs: sage, rosemary and linden. Comparison of the results of modeling, represented as synthetic maps on one side, with the land data (photos georeferenced) on the other, have helped to change the model initially and validate results a second time. Building a database that can integrate the treatment outcome of GPS tracks and historical data archives, while restoring the form of map views or statistics used to demonstrate that it is possible to integrate and crossing data from sources of different nature and origin. Despite a limited number of experimenting, the coupled to the database "BD OPAM" model, laying the first foundations of a monitoring foreshadowing adaptive management of PAM
Dinh, Van Binh. "Méthodes et outils pour le dimensionnement des bâtiments et des systèmes énergétiques en phase d'esquisse intégrant la gestion optimale". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT092/document.
Texto completoIn order to reduce the energy consumption and to increase the use of renewable energy, the optimal design of future buildings (smart-buildings) appears as an important factor.This thesis aims to develop models, innovative methods aiding decision-making during the design of buildings. Our approach of design is a global and simultaneous optimization of envelope, energy systems and their management strategies from the sketch phase, which takes into account multi-criterions of costs (investment et exploitation) and comforts (thermal, visual, aeraulic). The multi-objective optimization problem is so a strong coupling problem of large scale with a lot of variables and constraints, which leads to difficulties to solve.After the tests, an optimization method of order 1 is chosen in combination with analytical models formally derived automatically. Our methodology is applied to the design of individual houses, especially positive energy houses. The results of this global approach provide important information to designers to help make choices from the preliminary phase of the design process
Androšević, Renata. "Vers les systèmes constructifs à faible production de déchets : l'enveloppe des bâtiments résidentiels du XXIème siècle en Bosnie-Herzégovine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC1005.
Texto completoThis research is inspired by the visionary projects which are trying to find the way to create built environment with low impact on the nature and all living creatures, especially human beings. It will help decision making process for all stakeholders to choose the best option when considering the materials, building technologies and building systems, which will have the lowest negative environmental impact, providing all necessary data.Analysing the existing methods and tools with their barriers and opportunities, the research attempts to find the way to overcome observed obstacles.Existing methodologies point out the importance of environmental impact predictions and they can show the differences between compared systems. Existing tools give precise numerical data of environmental impact.The approach proposed here shows that symbiosis of methodologies and tools can give the result that reaches the goal - to achieve low or no waste building construction.The new method includes building system evaluation (with comparison and ranking) and quantification of environmental impact. This provides a picture of the chosen system's impact and facilitates decision making. At the end of the process, it is evidently clear what could and should be changed and upgraded in order to have better performance and lower impact.This new method provides comparison, evaluation and quantification in terms of generation of the construction waste and contributes in lowering negative environmental impact
Ndoumbe, Berock Isaac Bernard. "Construction de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises (RSE) dans les pays en développement : une application dans les entreprises d'exploitations forestières au Cameroun". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2017. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2017/Ndoumbe-Berock_Isaac-Bernard_2017_ED221.pdf.
Texto completoIn an uncertain environment that is also marked by a growing instability, firms try to seek a global and sustainable performance which is considered as a lever not only for longevity but also for competitive advantage (Porter and Kramer, 2006; Crane and Matten, 2004). Thus, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is perceived as a unifying topic in management science and, by its societal dimension, in the economic and social sciences. Considered as an extension to the consideration of sustainable development in its managerial implications (Brundtland report, 1987), CSR has been at the attention of a large number of researchers for several decades now, in particular for twenty years in its social, environmental and normative dimension (ISO 14000) and since the 2000’s in its societal nature.While the concept of CSR is still under debate in its rather large literature, it should also be noted that this literature is usually silent on the construction mechanisms of CSR practices and even more on the role that stakeholders play in this construction.In this context, and relying on stakeholder theory (Freeman, 1984; Oliver, 1991; Clarkson, 1995; Mitchell et al., 1997; Sethi, 1995; Rowley, 1997), the present analysis of the collected data from an eight-month-long in-depth investigation of six forestry firms in Cameroun yields several findings: First, the CSR model in Carroll (1979, 1991) is contingent to the context and the strategic CSR behaviour of the different firms in the forestry industry in Cameroun is strictly correlated to the nationality of these firms. Second, this study shows that the “field of action” variable has a non-significant effect on the strategic behaviour adopted by the firms in this forestry industry. Finally, this research also reveals that the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification represents the deposit of a voluntary commitment in terms of CSR of the forestry exploitation firms in Cameroun. The present work also opens new lines for future research focussing on the internalisation of the CSR practices by the contracting parties in strategic management of the firms that are in direct confrontation to the environmental challenges
Giamporcaro, Stéphanie. "L'investissement socialement responsable entre l'offre et la demande : analyse et enjeux de la construction sociale d'une épargne politique". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357511.
Texto completoNdoumbe, Berock Isaac Bernard. "Construction de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises (RSE) dans les pays en développement : une application dans les entreprises d'exploitations forestières au Cameroun". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAB004.
Texto completoIn an uncertain environment that is also marked by a growing instability, firms try to seek a global and sustainable performance which is considered as a lever not only for longevity but also for competitive advantage (Porter and Kramer, 2006; Crane and Matten, 2004). Thus, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is perceived as a unifying topic in management science and, by its societal dimension, in the economic and social sciences. Considered as an extension to the consideration of sustainable development in its managerial implications (Brundtland report, 1987), CSR has been at the attention of a large number of researchers for several decades now, in particular for twenty years in its social, environmental and normative dimension (ISO 14000) and since the 2000’s in its societal nature.While the concept of CSR is still under debate in its rather large literature, it should also be noted that this literature is usually silent on the construction mechanisms of CSR practices and even more on the role that stakeholders play in this construction.In this context, and relying on stakeholder theory (Freeman, 1984; Oliver, 1991; Clarkson, 1995; Mitchell et al., 1997; Sethi, 1995; Rowley, 1997), the present analysis of the collected data from an eight-month-long in-depth investigation of six forestry firms in Cameroun yields several findings: First, the CSR model in Carroll (1979, 1991) is contingent to the context and the strategic CSR behaviour of the different firms in the forestry industry in Cameroun is strictly correlated to the nationality of these firms. Second, this study shows that the “field of action” variable has a non-significant effect on the strategic behaviour adopted by the firms in this forestry industry. Finally, this research also reveals that the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification represents the deposit of a voluntary commitment in terms of CSR of the forestry exploitation firms in Cameroun. The present work also opens new lines for future research focussing on the internalisation of the CSR practices by the contracting parties in strategic management of the firms that are in direct confrontation to the environmental challenges
Kamelgarn, Yona. "Valorisation des critères de durabilité des actifs immobiliers tertiaires". Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090036/document.
Texto completoIn relations with the rising concerns on sustainable development and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), sustainability-related topics have become a key trend in the real estate sector. This dissertation examines sustainable real estate, and investigates more particularly the value it holds for various stakeholders. Each of the five chapters focuses on different market players to analyse how sustainability-related topics are perceived, and the extent to which these perceptions shape practices. Chapter 1 questions the notion of value associated with sustainability-related features at a building level. Chapter 2 examines the value creation strategies associated with sustainability-related topics at corporate level. Chapters 3 and 4 focus respectively on the diffusion of sustainability certification schemes, and occupiers’ perceptions of their brand value. Chapter 5 explores the impacts of sustainability-related trends on the long term management of the building stock
Iturrizaga, Valerio Max Berny. "Evaluación de las herramientas de gestión, y el control de riesgos laborales durante el proceso constructivo del túnel Néstor Gambetta - Callao, 2014 - 2015". Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6429.
Texto completoTesis
Mequignon, Marc-André. "Comment la durée de vie des bâtiments peut-elle influencer les performances en termes de développement soutenable?" Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0032/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to highlight the importance of the lifespan of the buildingand its components and and as well as to see it in the light of constraints imposed bysustainable development criterias. The focuse of our paper is to characterize the behavior inthis approach, namely environmental, economic and social features.After presenting and analyzing the state of art concerning the lifespan of the building andapproach the building in terms of sustainable development, we characterize the impact of theformer on the latter. Our method is based on two objects of study :- The first is a wall unit outside. This allows us to define precisely the function of useand the technical solutions more specifically for this function;- The second study is a housing-type building. This method is based on that of the wallunit, but we can check behaviour of each technical solutions in the use stage. Thus, we caneasily produce results commensurate.The first approach involves assumptions of lifetimes of technical solutions with which wemake the simulations. In a second step, the analysis takes into account the lifespan as avariable and we analyze the consequences in terms of sustainable development.To promote the exploitation of knowledge produced and to situate them within theproject approach, we propose a schematic modification of current tools for assessingperformance
Jean, Aurélien. "Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes végétalisées : évaluation de la performance énergétique globale en climat tropical humide". Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0028.
Texto completoThe aim of this article is to present a vulgarized introduction to the vegetated complex partitions field, called VCP. To reach this goal, the green roof notions, their uses and implications are defined. The theory is illustrated by a Reunion Island case study, which allows to list several impacts of the green walls utilization
Herazo, Benjamin. "The influence of sustainability in project management practices in the building sector". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21116.
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