Tesis sobre el tema "Conflits de rôles"
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Bitbol-Saba, Nathalie. "La gestion des conflits de rôles chez les auditrices légales en situation d’interactions avec le client". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05D001/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to help better understand role conflicts experienced by female statutory auditors. These role conflicts and the way they are managed are analysed in a specific professional and relational context: that of interactions with the client. This thesis is presented in the form of a qualitative field study combining three methods of collecting data: non participative observations, semi-directed interviews and life history. Our sample includes female auditors working in Big 4 firms and medium or small sized firms, as well as male and female clients. It reveals six roles taken on by female auditors, including that of sexual object, absent from accounting research. Interactions with clients can reactivate role conflict experienced within the firms, generate new ones, inhibit or even suppress some of them. It identifies two inter-role conflicts arising from a co-construction of meaning between the female auditor and the client. It also reveals two kinds of role conflict management which are not mutually exclusive. The first is composed of six adaptative interactional tactics which reinforce an established order of gender and where women are both victims and agents of their condition. A typology of these adaptative interactional tactics is proposed. The second, which could be qualified as radical, comes from a deep questioning of the professional role defined by audit firms. It consists of a reinterpretation of the professional role of female auditors. It envisages the reconciliation of both masculine and feminine modes of interaction with the client. Differences in termes of conflict roles and role conflict management are identified between female auditors working in Big 4 firms and female auditors working in medium or small sized firms
Belghith, Masmoudi Ines. "La dynamique des conseils d'administration des entreprises Tunisiennes : Mouvements de rôles, conflits et changement". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841611.
Texto completoAlis, David. "Conflits de rôles et régulations autonomes du personnel en contact avec la clientèle : le cas des agents généraux d'assurance". Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32034.
Texto completoHarsher and harsher competition in insurance industry increases the importance of the role of insurance salespeople who represents the company, sells services and provides advice to clients. . The research is about role conflicts and coping strategies of insurance salespeople. Coping strategies are used to face these conflicts. They are not allowed according to the company's rules. The research is based on semi-directive interviews with 102 agents and 131 clients. Theses interviews are focused on favourable and unfavourable critical incidents in the service encounter. Content analysis of incidents shows different types of role conflicts linked to contradictory demands of organisations and clients four coping strategies (prevention, exemplary service, negotiation and agreement) are also identified the differences of perceptions between agents and clients are emphasised. To explain the development of coping strategies, a model and some hypothesis are tested with an experimentation. Results shows the importance of professional identity (characterised here by length in service and localisation) and the importance of client : it acts upon the implementation of coping strategies. The practical interest lies in the identification of main difficulties between agents and clients and coping strategies used to face it. At a theoretical level, the use of both disciplines (marketing and human resource management) favours a crossed fertilisation between disciplines and give new insights. At a methodological level, the interest of triangulation (using both qualitative and quantitative methods, comparison client's perceptions with agents' perceptions) is also underlined
Oumessaoud, Aicha. "Les effets des conflits de rôles liés au genre sur le burnout et l'intention de départ : le cas de la France et du Maroc". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/211207_OUMESSAOUD_887pc757lambbl992bgrp471mwdfh_TH.pdf.
Texto completoStudies on role conflicts, their antecedents, their consequences on the workplace and the weight of society in the perception of these conflicts are entering their fourth decade and their interest is more relevant than ever.This study aims to highlight the effects of having a different perception from that of one's society of the importance of social roles on the experience of work-family conflict. It studies the consequences of this conflict on burnout and intention to leave.This work has led us to consider 4 imbalances.It particularly highlights the effect of gender on the perception of these imbalances and studies their consequences on individuals.Three studies are conducted. A qualitative study (N=30) in Morocco. Then two quantitative studies in France (N=420) and Morocco (N=295) aim to verify 5 groups of hypotheses.The results show:- The existence of gender differences in the perception of social imbalances in the two samples.- The absence of a direct effect of occupational imbalance on work-family conflict in the two countries and the presence of divergent effects of family imbalances on family-work conflict in the two contexts.- Poor functioning of the conflict between work and family as a mediating variable between imbalances and outcomes.- The effect of work-family conflict and family-work conflict on burnout and intention to leave partially corroborates the literature.- The absence of the moderating effect of religiosity on the relationship between conflict and burnout and intention to leave.The theoretical and methodological contributions and the key managerial implications of these results are discussed before tackling new research perspectives
Perrot, Serge. "L'entrée dans l'entreprise des jeunes diplômés : une approche en termes de tensions de rôles". Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090011.
Texto completoGoiran, Hélène. "Les rôles politiques des militaires fidjiens : une histoire des guerriers, héros des conflits mondiaux, soldats de la paix, putschistes et hommes d’Etat, des premiers contacts avec les Occidentaux au gouvernement Bainimarama". Nouvelle Calédonie, 2011. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseHeleneGoiran2011.pdf.
Texto completoGourgues, Jacques-Michel. "Rôles de gestion et conflicts de rôles chez les administrateurs universitaires haïtiens". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0007/NQ43012.pdf.
Texto completoCastex, Remi. "Le rôle du juge aux affaires familiales dans les conflits de famille". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0008.
Texto completoAt a time when every second marriage ends in divorce, the question of the role of the family affairs judge (JAF) is more relevant than ever. This role has been changed many times based on the social considerations of the moment and nowadays it is time for diversion. But is it relevant? The role of the JAF tends to be reduced to such an extent that entire sections of family law are removed from its jurisdiction. The settlement of family disputes is under-going a general trend of displacement towards the private sphere, the culmination of which was recently reached by the Justice XXI Act, which di-verted divorce by mutual consent and entrusted its private settlement to notaries and public servants. lawyers. As for the other parts of family law that remain within its jurisdiction, they suffer longer and longer court delays or a symbolic presence of the judge; as the number of these is low. The faults are played down, which leads to a lack of compensation for the latter. To be able to correctly grasp the consequences of this movement of retreat of the judiciary, an investigation was carried out in the field near the JAF, lawyers, notaries, psychiatrists and, especially, litigants. The results of this investigation have shown the dramatic consequences that this movement entails; spouses / parents, children and even third parties. The social importance of family conflicts has always been the primary motivation for state intervention to protect the victims that these conflicts may engender. It is regrettable that this protection is no longer on the agenda
Ahmad, Assef. "Les conceptions israéliennes et arabes de la sécurité et de la paix au Proche-Orient dans la perspective du règlement du conflit". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010255.
Texto completoDuquette, Geneviève. "Exploration de l'effet anticipé d'un profil de compétences sur les motivations psychologiques et les tensions de rôle d'infirmières en santé mentale". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9551.
Texto completoLuck, Nathalie. "Conflits intra- et inter-sexuels : rôle de la taille des spermatozoïdes". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T043.
Texto completoChakroun, Abdellatif. "Problèmes stratégiques, conflits armés et consentement à l'intervention dans la région de l'Océan indien". Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100038.
Texto completoSadaka, Georges. "Radio et guerre : le rôle de la radio dans les conflits du Liban". Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020079.
Texto completoDramé, Omar. "Le rôle historique et actuel de la francophonie dans le règlement des conflits". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10012/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the historical and current role of the Francophonie in the resolution of conflicts. The challenge is to study the contribution of the international organization of the Francophonie in the conflict resolution processes that shake the Francophone space, which has become a theater of civil war and ethnic-religious warfare, weakening economic development And social development of several countries, especially those of French-speaking Africa. Having become a key player on the international scene, the international organization of the French-speaking world, which includes all the French-speaking states, decides to contribute actively to resolving conflicts. From a methodological point of view, this thesis is based on an evolutionary approach, focusing on the particularity of the Francophone approach in peacekeeping operations. In the first part, it focuses on the preventive approach of the OIF taking into account the actions undertaken by this organization to avoid conflicts and strengthen the culture of peace and democratic governance. This section highlights the OIF's prevention policy, which is based on the desire to promote democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights, which is considered the best strategy for resolving conflicts. The thesis sets out the strategy adopted by the International Organization of la Francophonie to accompany states in promoting a culture of peace, respect for democracy, the rule of law and good governance, which are important levers for ensuring security And the stability of a country. It also describes the specificity of the Francophone approach to conflict resolution, which is based on the establishment of strong democratic institutions aimed at ensuring peace, social justice and the fight against corruption, which are Fight against insecurity and poverty. The thesis then focuses on the role played by the OIF in peacemaking and peacebuilding processes, and demonstrates how this organization has become a highly sought-after player on the international scene through its strategies Mediation and facilitation as well as its strong mobilization to facilitate transitional justice and punish the perpetrators of war crimes
Angelis, Iole Michela de. "Le rôle des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans les conflits asymétriques". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS003S.
Texto completoThree main categories of international actors emerged from the international policy analysis carried out in this PhD : «Powerful» actors have already gained an international reconnaissance and can influence the world-wide politics. «Challenging» actors consist in states and non-states actors, which seek an international status or wish to damage the actual balance of power. «Egocentric» actors focus upon their needs and objectives. From a traditional warfare perspective, the challenging actors are aware that they cannot win against powerful actors, but since their objectives are not compatible, the conflict is unavoidable. In order to win, the challenging actors utilise asymmetric warfare. Their strategy consists in circumventing the opponent’s strengths and exploiting its weakness, using methods completely different from the opponent’s usual mode of operation. They blur boundaries between actions considered crimes and those viewed as warfare. This poses a moral dilemma to the majority of the powerful actors. At the same time, the psychological impact of such kind of attack might out-weight the physical damage inflicted. The experts define this situation as “negative asymmetry”. Information technology plays a major role in the asymmetric warfare. For the powerful actors, it allows real-time situation awareness and response in all dimensions of military operations. This is why information technologies are a source of “positive asymmetry”. At the same time the R&D activity is important. But the users become more dependent from the technology : any attack to the information infrastructure would deeply affect the strength of their forces. The challenging actors utilise commercial technology. They mainly use information technology to gather sustain and to act against the opponent’s will. Without fear and a perception of insecurity, their actions are completely useless. In conclusion, information technology is a force multiplier in the asymmetric conflicts. The gravity centre is and will be the human. In fact, the essence of asymmetric conflict resides into the will and the creativity of the human mind
Massamba, Marc. "Le rôle des chefs d'État dans la résolution des conflits interafricains au sud du Sahara". Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA02A004.
Texto completoBollecker, Gilles. "La prise en compte des paradoxes organisationnels dans la conduite du changement : le cas d'une organisation de service public évoluant vers le modèle marchand". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAB001.
Texto completo21st Century organizations encounter continuous change and are increasingly confronted with contradictory objectives. The public sector is no exception particularly in the context of new public management that results in public organizations implementing management principles originating from the private sector which lead to paradoxical outcomes. If paradox is one of the major forces constraining change at all levels of an organization, including both a psychological and action level, it can however according to Morgan (2007) be alternatively transformed into a major lever or catalyst for change. This research focuses on a case study of a public service organization confronting market pressure and examines the confrontation of two contrasting approaches, the first being one of long term objectives supported by a regime of subsidies, as opposed to a second approach consisting of short term objectives, that are self-financing and results orientated. After investigating the emergence and the dynamics of organizational paradoxes at critical periods in the evolution of the organization we focus on the transmission mechanisms and effects of conflicting tensions on the actors of the organization. We then suggest, through an action research approach, ways that enable organizations to take advantage of these conflicting tensions rather than suffer their dysfunctional effects
Ther, Géraldine. "La représentation des femmes dans les factums, 1770-1789 : jeux de rôles et de pouvoirs". Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL024/document.
Texto completoThis survey (PhD) sheds light on women’s status in the French society between 1770 and 1789, through the study of approximately 200 printed judicial briefs or factums. Although they were under men’s control, women could go to court. Wives had to obey their husbands. Nevertheless, they often showed their independence in judicial briefs. Widows could act by themselves, protect their families and influence the wealth distribution between the family members. “Girls” or “never-married women” are rare in judicial briefs, even though they could play important parts. The mother’s authority was recognized in judicial briefs. Other women also played the mother’s part instead of the real mother, e.g. godmothers, grand-mothers, aunts, sisters and wet-nurses. Sisters were not always under their brothers’ control. Judicial briefs interrogate the idea of women’s nature as it was portrayed before the French Revolution. Unlike physicians’ and philosophers’ discourses, they do not support the idea that there should be a specific nature of women
Millet, Charlyne Denise. "Parcours professionnels et carrières d'enseignants-chercheurs sous le prisme du genre : pour une théorisation en termes de conflits d'activités". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1051.
Texto completoOur research focuses on professional paths and career development of academics. Specifically, we want to understand how inequalities between women and men careers in higher education are built. Today, women represent 55. 7 % of students in French universities. However this presence hides inequalities between women and men in access to higher levels of academic hierarchies. In 2008-2009, women only represent 19. 1 % of full professors and 41. 2 % of assistant professors. How to interpret this paradox? How to explain this « glass ceiling » ? Our research focuses on the construction of individual paths of women and men and on choices made in early career, in order to understand differences observed between women and men accessing to the tenure. From twenty-five semi-structured interviews (thirteen women and twelve men, in Humanities or Science, at the end of their careers) and a discourse analysis, we compared their career paths. We highlight that the distribution of women and men in certain levels of the academic hierarchy, based on disciplines, is the result of various social processes. However, our research develops a particularly unexplored line of investigation centered on choices made during career and analyzed in terms of conflict at the heart of academics’ activity. Finally, we propose a theory in terms of activity conflicts
Kako, Denise. "Média et crises politiques : Le rôle professionnel des journalistes de la RTI (Radiotélévision ivoirienne) dans la crise post-électorale de 2010 en Côte d’Ivoire". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36447.
Texto completoForestier, Cyril. "Conflit et comportements de santé : le rôle des cognitions compensatrices et du contrôle de soi chez des individus atteints de cardiopathies". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS032/document.
Texto completoIn 2015, cardiovascular diseases caused 18 million deaths per year worldwide, which makes it the leading cause of death attributed to non-communicable diseases. Multiple health behaviors change in terms of physical activity, diet, tobacco consumption, and medication adherence represent one of the best ways to prevent cardiovascular diseases emergence on global population, and to prevent relapses on individual with cardiovascular diseases. To understand behaviors determinants, social and health psychology relies on two conceptual frameworks: socio-cognitive models and dual-process theories. These models identified several behavioral determinants, but two reasons could make their application difficult in the multiple health behavior change framework. First, these approaches proposed behavior-specific determinants that do not permit to understand what determines the simultaneous adoption of several behaviors. On the other hand, they do not consider behaviors characteristics. However, behavior characteristics could be different and unhealthy behaviors could confront healthy behaviors, and thus generate conflicts on an individual. Within the multiple health behavior change process, poor conflict-coping strategies could explain unhealthy behavior prevalence. This doctoral work has investigated role of two processes of conflict reduction within multiple health behavior change: compensatory health beliefs, and self-control. Specifically, they evaluated (1) to what extent compensatory health beliefs, a between-behavior belief, could harm intentions toward healthy behaviors; and (2) if self-control could be an unspecific determinant of multiple health behavior change. We conducted four empirical studies merged in three manuscripts to answer these questions. The first manuscript evaluated compensatory health beliefs harmful influences (by dissociating them according with behaviors nature) on intentions formation process toward several health behaviors, within individual with cardiovascular diseases. Results showed that these beliefs could harm intentions depending on certain self-efficacies and risks perception levels. The second manuscript presented a study that investigated to what extent the self-control model, with a measure of state self-control capacity, predicted health behaviors. Results highlighted different prediction patterns depending on behaviors domain: physical/sedentary activity, healthy/unhealthy diet, tobacco consumption. More precisely, results suggest that self-control effort predicted unhealthy behaviors, and state of self-control capacity predicted healthy ones. The third manuscript attempted to confirm these results on two populations. The first one was composed of students, and the second one was composed of individual with cardiovascular diseases, by testing self-control model on ecological context and with a longitudinal design. Despite differences within predictions patterns, depending on the population observed, results confirmed the role of self-control effort on unhealthy behaviors (sedentary time and unhealthy diet), and of state self-control capacity on healthy behavior (physical activity). Taking together, all these results pave the way to the development of interventions on these two self-control model components, in order to improve health behaviors adherence of individual with cardiovascular diseases
Granier, Hubert. "Le rôle de la Marine nationale durant les conflits de la décolonisation de 1942 à 1962". Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040094.
Texto completoThe purpose of the thesis is to reveal the unknown role by the French navy in eastern Mediterranean, Madagascar, Indochina, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria between 1942 and 1962 and to describe in a detailed way how the navy took part in the military operations linked to the successive phases of the decolonization. The introduction describe the sources of information that where available by the author, the methodology used and the general causes of the rise of nationalism in the concerned areas. In each territory : the first part explains the role played by navy personnel and the colonial administrative system during their conquest, the specific causes of the rise of nationalism, so as the organization of the naval command, the missions and assets of the navy, its military potential, its modes of action and the tactics used by the adversaries, the second part describes in chronological order, following the evolution of the political and military situation the operations of all types conducted by the navy. The third part is devoted to the strength of the French navy, the losses sustained, the financial cost and the overall consequences for the navy of wars in Indochina and Algeria. In conclusion, the author analyses the opportunities missed by the French in all these countries during the decolonization period, the consequences of the failures for our navy and the perspectives of cooperation with the decolonized countries
Pouliot, Gabriel. "Le rôle médiateur de l'expérience d'émotions négatives et de la confiance intragroupe dans l'explication du lien entre les conflits liés à la tâche et les conflits relationnels". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6817.
Texto completoBoiché, Julie. "Motivation autodéterminée et perceptions de conflit et d'instrumentalité liées au rôle de pratiquant sportif : relations et influence sur l'engagement et le désengagement sportif". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10227.
Texto completoCompeting activities and the lack of time constitute some of the most important reasons invoked to justify sport dropout or the absence of regular physical activity among youth and adults. This doctoral dissertation aims at enriching a motivational model of sport participation based on self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2002), by integrating the perceived conflict or instrumentality relative to the athlete's role. A research program comprising 5 studies and in which more than 2500 participants were involved, was conducted. Study 1 compared young athletes and former athletes and confirmed the positive link between perceived conflict and sport dropout, and the negative association between conflict and self-determined motivation toward sport. Studies 2 to 4 adopted a longitudinal design lasting from 6 months to 3 years, in order to investigate the antecedents of perceived conflict and instrumentality, their evolution during adolescence, and their impact on subsequent sport involvement. Results show that contextual self-determined motivation usually predicts negatively the level of conflict, and positively the level of instrumentality associated to the athlete's role. High levels of conflict and low levels of instrumentality were found to lead to a decrease of sport participation with time. Finally the experimental design of study 5 brought some support to the hypothesis of a causal relationship between self-determined motivation and conflict
Delpech, Florence. "Le rôle de la règle de conflit de lois dans l'efficacité des décisions étrangères". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010259.
Texto completoDoray, Geneviève. "Le rôle de la bioéthique dans la résolution des conflits de valeurs suscités par les progrès bio-médicaux". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26193.pdf.
Texto completoOualian, Catherine. "Rôle fonctionnel des aires prélimbique et infralimbique du cortex préfrontal médian : une implication dans la résolution de conflits ?" Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066320.
Texto completoBrodeur, Marie-Michèle. "L'habilitation psychologique et son rôle dans la relation entre les stresseurs et l'épuisement professionnel". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2827.
Texto completoJean, Eric. "Conflits interrôles et détresse psychologique des hommes gestionnaires ou professionnels : le rôle médiateur de la résolution de problèmes sociaux". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5195/1/030329307.pdf.
Texto completoGeorgescu, Irène. "La Pression Financière Interne, ses déterminants et ses effets sur les attitudes et comportements: le cas de l'hôpital public français". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560745.
Texto completoLa, Nave Gaetano. "Héritages impériaux, tensions locales et conflits régionaux dans la Méditerranée de la Guerre froide (1966-1967)". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0156.
Texto completoDuring the Cold War, the Mediterranean was the "southern flank" of the Atlantic Alliance and a space of circulation of goods, in particular of oil from Near and Middle East. After the Greek Civil War, the baton of the hegemon power in the area passed from Great Britain to United States. The research analyze the biennium 1966-1967 its local tensions and regional conflits of different nature and intensity, cases study as : Gibraltar, Malta, Cyprus, Greece and the Near East destabilized not only the Mediterranean but the total global bipolar confrontation ; and as the foreign decision-making from different administrations in front of these crisis
El, Sabri Saada. "Le rôle de l'institution militaire dans la transition politique en Libye". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB229.
Texto completoThe nature of the role played by military institutions in democratic states differs from that one played in developing States and / or those in times of political transition. In the first case, military institutions have a professional role of protecting the state against external aggression. Whereas in the second case, the military institution goes beyond its professional tasks until intervention on the political scene via direct or indirect military power. Taking into account the fact that the military institution in the second category of countries does not always trust the democratic regime, often considered as a threat to national security, the requirement of democracy therefore remains in permanent postponement. The academic debate on the relationship between democracy and the arrival of the military in power has increased since the start of the Arab Spring revolutions, although the question of transition itself has been at the center of political research since the the 1960s and 70s. People are seeking democratic regimes based on law, citizenship, respect for human rights and freedoms, and pursuing development policies to benefit the poor before the other rich. However, a new problem arose; How to find a suitable formula for the place of the Army in the new democratic regimes. How can we control the growing role of the military institution without exposing the State to the danger of internal division or aggression from outside? This research focuses on civil-military relations in Libya and the role of the military institution in the political transitions that the country has undergone since independence, as well as the historical, economic, geopolitical and social factors that have perfumed these relations by the Libyan peculiarity. Moreover, since 2014, during the Libyan national dialogue between hostile parties, the question of the military institution posed real obstacles to a national consensus, because the parties were, and still are, divided around the article 8, concerning the Army in the signed draft of the consensus. In this context, the problem of study revolves around a general question; to what extent can the military institution allow or contribute to a transition to a democratic regime based on pluralism and not tribalism or Libya ?
Amslem, Thierry. "Le rôle des systèmes de mesure de la performance dans la gestion des conflits identitaires : le cas de l'entreprise d'insertion ARES". Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010033.
Texto completoBoucaud, Ingrid. "Rôle de la communication acoustique dans l’organisation des soins biparentaux chez les oiseaux : étude chez le diamant mandarin (Taeniopygia guttata) et la mésange charbonnière (Parus major)". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES002/document.
Texto completoBiparental care involves that male and female work as a team and each individual adjusts its behaviour to that of its partner. Many theoretical and empirical studies have investigated how each parent adjusts its behaviour to an increase or a decrease in the parental effort of its partner. But fewer have explored the mechanism allowing this adjustment. Biparental care is widespread in birds. Because birds are vocal animals, acoustic communication may play a role in organizing parental care. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to answer this question by comparing two bird species that differ in sex roles during parental care. In the zebra finch, both male and female incubate the eggs, whereas in the great tit, the female incubates alone and is partly fed by the male. In both species, I first observed in which contexts parents communicate with sounds at the nest and described the structure of their vocal exchanges. This allowed me to formulate hypotheses on the functions of this communication. Then, I experimentally tested one of these hypotheses for each species. In the zebra finch, I demonstrated that communication at the nest allows the pair to share incubation time. In the great tit, communication at the nest allows the female to communicate her needs for food to her mate. Acoustic communication thus plays a role in organizing parental care in these two species and could be a key factor in future studies on the adjustment of parental effort between males and females
Casenave, Eric. "L'accountability ou l'obligation de rendre des comptes ressenties par le praticien du marketing : variable médiatrice entre antécédents personnels et réponses comportementales". Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090048.
Texto completoMarketing has been criticized for its lack of accountability, which is qualified by a misalignment with strategic objectives. Most of the researches propose that marketing accountability must be reinforced with more performance measures. In this doctoral thesis, we employ a different approach in treating the marketer as unit of analysis. We identify a marketers’ professional identity and make a distinction between two types of felt accountability: an accountability felt in a decision-Making situation (ASR) and an accountability felt within an organization (AOR). ASR is positively influenced by self-Determination that is a component of marketers’ professional identity, where self-Determination reduces conformity. In making marketers accountable, we show that that they seek to make the best decision according to marketing objectives even if they are conflicting with strategic objectives. In studying managers’ behavior, we show that role ambiguity, which is consistent with marketing practice, reduces AOR. Organizational cultures that promote accountability increase the likelihood of role conflicts detrimental to performance. However, the likelihood of role conflict is moderated by organizational cultures provided they encourage collaboration and initiatives. This type of culture is consistent with marketers’ professional identity therefore contributing to performance. Finally, we propose an accountability model tailored to marketing practice within the organization
Rodas, Isabel. "Déplacement rural, rupture du social et identités narratives : le rôle de la souffrance dans les coopératives de l'Usumacinta, Petén Guatemala, (1968-2004)". Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0367.
Texto completoDespite the gradual dropping of agricultural activities in contemporary rural settings, in order to understand and analyse the development of social relationships in the pioneer front installed since 1968 in the northern Guatemalan - Mexican border, three dimensions of peasantry theory are revisited. The first is linked with the undrstanding of the insertion of the peasant in the wider social system, comparing the different mechanisms that historically inserted them into the national society, under the views of cooperativism, the internal armed conflict and environmentalism. We emphasize the role which, as the state, its institutions and NGO's, those external actors, induced in the border zone occupation process. In the second, we deal with the analysis of the dynamics and internal structure of the settler's organization, describing what was observed about the reestablishment of family relationships and the changes in the local productive organization. The third dimension focuses on the transformations of collective references, the production of knowledge and the preponderance of endogenous categories, as realm of collective identification through which the rural populations updates its relationship with the development agents and within the national economic and political contexts. In this case, the self-perception of suffering allows them to create narratives in which the reminiscence of past events becomes a way of creating elements for action
Guèye, Moustapha. "Pluralisme et rôle des médias dans les conflits en Afrique de l'ouest dans les années 1990 : Le cas spécifique de la Casamance (Sénégal)". Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020083.
Texto completoKhalouzadeh, Saeed. "Le rôle du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies lors des conflits irako-iranien (1980-1988) et irako-koweitien (1990-1991) : une analyse comparée". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100134.
Texto completoIran-Iraq war and Iraq-Kuwait war were initiated by Iraq and base on Saddam's will, who tried to convent the Iraq to strongest power in Persian Gulf. On august 2°d 1990 while Iraq decided to invade Kuwait, there wasn't a concurrence between East and West and meanwhile, United Nations had been released from competition. Analysing of decisions made by Security Council regarding 2 Persian Gulf crisis are the main theme of this study. The subjects such as breach of the peace and international security, functions and jurisdiction of S. C. , Iran-Iraq & Iraq-Kuwait border conflicts, initiation and ending of Iran-Iraq & Iraq-Kuwait war, cease-fire, violation of international law and humanitarian law, responsibility to the conflict, loss and casualty, use of chemical weapons, UN sanctions, position of 5 permanent member of Security Council, Secretary General, European and Arab countries, end of cold war, the new international order and, US leadership etc. In the course of two decades of 80 and 90 have been reviewed
Djediat, Abdelhamid. "Les exigences du travail et le bien-être dans la profession infirmière : le rôle des ressources émotionnelles". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0112.
Texto completoThe increasing demands of work and their impact on the quality of life of employees are timely. In this perspective, the reflection on the managerial practices deserves to be thorough. This research project has three objectives: to conceptualize, measure and predict the influence of emotional support at work (ESW) on organizational commitment, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour. Our reflection is based on three points. (1) Study the psychological tensions ( conflicts Work / family -life / work) and job characteristics (psychological demand, physical constraints, Complexity of work ... ) is a key input that requires (2) a reflection on the emotional support at work and emotional regulation strategies as moderating variables for ( 3) study the effects of moderating variables in integrating research models incorporating burnout, organizational commitment , emotional dissonance, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour. The hospital raises an exemplary manner the dynamics and challenges of local management. We will consider three cases: The University Hospital of Bab El Oued (Algeria), University Hospital of Brugmann, (Belgium) and The University Hospital of Bordeaux (France). To provide some answers, we mobilize two methods: qualitative and quantitative (more about a double measure of perceived SET and a measure of emotional regulation strategies) with a comparison of the target institutions. Key words : Emotional support at work_ psychological tensions (conflict work / life and family / work) - Work Characteristics (psychological demand, physical constraints, Labor Complexity ) Burnout – organizational commitment - emotional dissonance - organizational citizenship behaviour _ Strategies work emotional regulation
Amslem, Thierry. "Le rôle des outils de mesure de la performance dans la gestion des conflits identitaires dans une organisation hybride : Le cas de l'entreprise d'insertion ARES". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942144.
Texto completoAllouche, Aurélien. "Le rôle de l’argumentation dans le développement du militantisme environnementaliste : Le cas des conflits autour de l’aménagement hydro-électrique de l’étang de Berre (2004-2007)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3077.
Texto completoThis work questions how far and by what processes the constraint made to the social actors who are opposing an industrial or urban development project to argue their refusal can incidentally contribute to the dissemination of the values, beliefs and principals of the environmentalist activism. Following a simmelian analysis perspective, this work makes converge the interactionist and cognitive dimensions of the planning conflicts. By this way we aim to understand how the properties of arguments and group commitments may gradually lead actors initially engaged to oppose a development project due to personal reasons to assume and promote environmentalist contents defended for themselves and beyond the initial development conflict. We propose an analytical model of the role of argumentation in the development of environmentalist activism when individuals decide to constitute a group in order to oppose a development project by means of a common argumentation. This model is made from the simmelian aspects of the works of Bernard Groethuysen and Mikhail Bakhtin.The field study of this work is consituted by the conflicts arising from the construction of a hydroelectric power station at Saint-Chamas (Bouches-du-Rhône) which converted the Berre lagoon into the point fall of one of the leading french hydroelectric chains. During these conflicts, the progression of argumentation and the interactions involved in the argument process allow the expansion of the mobilization to various environmental issues and the defense of new ecosystems
Louis, Caroline. "Rôle dynamique de la sérotonine et de la dopamine cérébrales chez le rat soumis à des situations d'anxiété : étude par microdialyse in vivo". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T007.
Texto completoSerotonin (5-HT) is thought to be involved in anxiety-related disorders, and dopamine (DA) in response to stress. Using an intracerebral microdialysis technique, variations of extracellular 5-HT (5-HText) or DA (DAext) levels were studied in rats subjected to benzodiazepine-sensitive paradigms. Two operant conflict procedures and a test of neophobia have been validated. Cortical DAext and 5-HText levels, and hippocampal 5-HText levels were modified neither during the punished period of conflict procedures, nor in rats given diazepam, at a dose which induced an anxiolytic-like release of punished responding. Buspirone had no effect on behavioral blockade and did not modify hippocampal 5-HText levels. A modest increase in cortical DAext was observed during food eating and in the open field test of neophobia. Thus, mesocortical DA and mesocorticolimbic 5-HT systems seem not to play a pivotal role in the anxiolytic effect of benzodiazepines, at least as it is approached in conflict procedures. In the striatum, 5-HText levels increased during the open field test and during the punished period of the operant conflict procedure in a subgroup of rats classified as ‘low responders’. Both biochemical and behavioral modifications were counteracted by diazepam. Striatal 5-HText levels did not change in 'high responder' rats or in rats given non contingent footshocks. 5,7-DHT lesion studies suggested that the 5-HT fibers afferent to the striatum are not solely responsible for the punishment-induced behavioral blockade. However these fibers are clearly involved in the adaptation of the animals to low rhythm of reward. The anticonflict activity of benzodiazepines might therefore be attributed to a reduction in 5-HT transmission in motor structures, in keeping with clinical data suggesting an important role of 5-HT in the control of impulsive-related behaviour
Zaitseva, Valériia. "Le harcèlement moral en milieu professionnel : le cas du service public hospitalier ukrainien". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF10491/document.
Texto completoThe main objective of this doctoral thesis is to clarify the existing relations between organisational factors and mobbing in the Ukrainian public sector so to formulate the prevention measures of psychological harassment in the organisational area. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first research that shed light into the psychological harassment as well as on its factors in Ukraine, where the legislation to that matter is inexistent. This thesis has also the ambition to test the impact of individual characteristics of the victim with psychological harassment. To that end, we conducted a research in three steps. Firstly, an analysis of 450 articles has been realised. The aim of that step was to grasp the main organisation factors that influence psychological harassment in a company environment using a precise definition: a minimal harassment length of at least 6 months and a notion of repeatability of the act weekly or monthly. It appeared that five types of factors contribute to the explanation of psychological harassment, namely: work organisation, leadership, the organisational culture and social climate, the compensation and benefit system and organisation changes. Secondly, we led a qualitative exploratory research aiming to refine the results of the literature review with elements that are specific to the Ukrainian area. Twelve semi-structured interviews have been conducted with medical specialists working in obstetrics hospitals located in Kharkiv (Ukraine). The goal of this step resulted in the construction of the research model. Finally, a confirmatory quantitative study helped us to test statistically correlations between fourteen organisational factors and three dimensions of mobbing. Mobbing has been measured through a behavioural method (NAQ, Einarsen et al., 1994). In order to measure the organisation variables, we structured our own survey by inspiring us from several measuring scales tested and validated in previous studies. The transcultural validation steps of one survey of Vallerand (1989) have been applied. Through this quantitative research, 243 participants have been surveyed. Among those, 35% are regular harassment victims during 6 months preceding the research. The analysis brings out that the fact of being a man increases the likelihood of being harassed. When it comes to organisational factors, it turns out that role conflict, work conflict, social support and decision authority are all major determinants in moral harassment in the Ukrainian context
Quisefit, Laurent. "Le rôle de la France dans le conflit coréen 1950-1953 : contribution à une histoire diplomatique et militaire des relations franco-coréennes". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070015.
Texto completoThe role of medium powers during the Korean War had been scarcely studied, except concerning Great-Britain and the Commonwealth members. France, in order to fulfil his commitments to the UNO and the NATO, led both a political and military action during the conflict. Hence, France voted the UNO Security Council's resolutions which favoured the constitution and the intervention of the UNO's Army in Korea, Gradually responding to the requests of his allies, as well as the UNO's solicitations, France, according to the UNO's decisions, participated in the conflict by sending a military ship, then an infantry battalion, despite France heavy involvement in Indochina. Indochina's war, which drained a large part of financial and military ability of France at the time, made necessary that the United States furnish an aid to France, which cannot afford alone the whole burden of this expensive war. Since American aid was of crucial importance for France, the involvement of French infantry troops consisted also to demonstrate the toughness of the French army as well as to prove France's fidelity to his commitments. The pugnacity of the French Battalion enhanced the status of the French Army in the eyes of the United States. American press, both civilian and military, mentioned exploits of the French Battalion in order to prove that United States were not fighting alone, and to show to the American people that they had tough allies. Concerning diplomacy, France adopted a faithful but moderating behaviour towards the United States, which allowed France to canalise and to amend the American initiatives, meanwhile manifesting a firm opposition to any hazardous decision. The French participation to the Korean conflict was also an opportunity to strengthen the relations between France and the United States, despite persistent divergences, and also, to found anew the relations between and France, reinforced by this new brotherhood in arms
Suleiman, Lourdes. "Le rôle du droit international dans l'émergence d'un Etat palestinien. Difficultés et limites". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30041.
Texto completoThe international community and the international law are facing a great challenge: find the solution to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The study of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in light of international law shows many difficulties related to the emergence of a Palestinian state. Indeed, this conflict is a source of violation of international law specifically a violation of human rights that continues to strike in this area. Violations against international law go back to the time of the British mandate and are finally characterized by the impunity towards the entities that have committed them. Therefore, this allows us to highlight the weaknesses of international law, more specifically those of the United Nations that is confronted with the constant breach of its principles and decisions. We have tried to overcome this infernal situation by using the techniques offered by the international law that aims to put an end to a conflict. There is a technique that seems to be the most appropriate for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict known as the negotiation. However, the peace process that began in 1990 is now almost forgotten.Despite all this, the creation of a Palestinian state is the base to the solution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This present study aims to demonstrate, based on the definition of the State under international law, that Palestine has, on one hand, confirmed elements/components that are imperfect, allowing the latter to constitute a State under international law, and on the other, that it can’t achieve statehood to the extent that certain elements necessary for statehood remain questionable. What Palestine is missing is effectiveness
Meynadier, Sophie. "Le règlement judiciaire du conflit parental : essai sur le rôle du juge aux affaires familiales depuis l'entrée en vigueur de la loi du 4 mars 2002". Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10046.
Texto completoDu, Boys Céline. "Rôle des conflits d'agence, de la structure d'actionnariat et des mécanismes de gouvernance sur les politiques de distribution : application aux décisions de dividende et de rachat d'actions des sociétés françaises cotées". Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32041.
Texto completoThe dissertation aims at better understanding shareholder payout policies in the framework of the agency theory and to explain the choice of the payout tool: dividend or share repurchase. Taking into account the ownership structure of European firms, the classical conceptual framework was extended to a broader study of the influence of agency relationships between managers and shareholders, as well as between majority and minority shareholders. Such an analysis requires taking into account both factors influencing agency conflicts and the firm’s governance system. An empirical study of French companies listed on the SBF250 allows to illustrate the relevance of the conceptual framework and to highlight the limits of payout policies to resolve agency conflicts in France. While payout is used to reduce Free Cash Flow risk, its use is limited in a conflict situation between majority and minority shareholders. Without any efficient alternative governance mechanisms, minority shareholders cannot urge insiders to pay out. Thus the majority shareholders are free to reduce payout and to draw private benefits. The thesis also looks into the choice of the payout tool. In accordance with the various hypotheses stemming from literature survey, a major finding is that share repurchase is preferred when managers have stock-options or when firms’ earnings are temporary. Another key finding is that taxes do not influence in a significant way the choice of the payout tool. Eventually, it is stressed that share repurchase is not often used in France for payout, and that dividend remains the main tool
Laouer, Radhoine. "Une contribution à la connaissance de la relation processuelle entre la structure du conseil de surveillance et la performance de ses rôles : le cas des hôpitaux publics en France". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40011/document.
Texto completoCorporate governance theories and the theory of the psychology of the small decision making group are used in order to understand the functioning mode of the public hospital supervisory board and specifically to test empirically the mediating relationship of the decision making process (Efforts norms, use of skills and knowledge and cognitive conflict) between the structure of the public hospital supervisory board (size, composition and diversity) and the performance of its roles (strategy ,control and service).320 questionnaires answered by the supervisory board members were collected. The aggregate of those individual responses generated 159 public hospital supervisory boards. The results of the hypothesis test of the model show that the supervisory board structure doesn’t influence the performance role of the supervisory board. Efforts norms influence positively the performance of its roles. Only the use of knowledge and skills, and efforts norms mediate the process relationship between the public hospital supervisory board structure and the performance of its roles
Touzani, Lilia. "Le rôle central du choc culturel dans les expériences d'hospitalité touristique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955476.
Texto completoHatzidiakos, Andréas Christos. "La PSDC et la gestion civile des crises : le rôle de l'UE dans la gestion civile des crises et sa contribution au maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales : la dimension de la reconstruction post-conflit de la PSDC replacée dans le cadre de l'action extéreure de l'UE". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA023/document.
Texto completoThe end of the Cold War modified the fragile security equilibrium established for over fifty years, bringing frozen conflicts to the forefront of the international security environment. Confronted with this new reality, EU member states seized the necessity of developing a common political and strategic framework (CFSP), in order to help maintain peace and international security. The establishment of the CFSP and of an operational dimension to its external action (CSDP), illustrate the EU’s ambition to becoming a key strategic player in crisis management. By developing civilian capabilities within its CSDP, destined for post-conflict reconstruction activities, the EU aims at providing a real added value to modern crisis management. Despite the insufficiencies of its newly created CSDP, the EU positively contributes to cooperative security alongside other security actors. Current security challenges nevertheless require an updating of its strategy