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1
Iten, Corinne. "'Non-truth-conditional' meaning, relevance and concessives". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348747/.
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This thesis is concerned with the semantic function of linguistic elements which do not seem to contribute to the truth conditions of an utterance, that is, with 'non-truth-conditional' linguistic devices. The first part of the thesis is devoted to theoretical considerations, while the second part concentrates on 'concessive' linguistic devices, which form a sub-class of 'non-truth-conditional' expressions. The first chapter outlines the way in which traditional semantic theories have employed the notion of truth conditions to capture linguistic meaning and a series of problems with this approach are pointed out. The chapter ends with an overview of 'non-truth-conditional' linguistic devices. Chapter 2 is concerned with ways in which fundamentally truth-conditional theories of linguistic semantics have attempted to accommodate such expressions in their frameworks. In chapter 3, the discussion focuses on Argumentation Theory, which does not just accommodate non-truth-conditional meaning but, ultimately, treats all linguistic meaning in non-truth-conditional terms and leads to the untenable conclusion that the general intuition that utterances can give information about the world is an illusion. This is followed by a chapter devoted to Sperber & Wilson's cognitive Relevance Theory. It is argued that this theory offers an ideal framework for a semantic analysis of 'truth-conditional' and 'non-truth-conditional' expressions alike, while avoiding the problems encountered by other theories. The next three chapters investigate the nature of linguistic 'concessivity' and provide a critical survey of existing analyses of three specific 'concessive' devices: but, although, and even if. In each case, an original relevance-theoretic analysis in procedural terms is proposed. In the last chapter, the possibility of purely pragmatic (that is, unencoded) 'concessive' interpretations is explored, and, finally, the role of the concept of 'truth-conditional content' in a theory of utterance interpretation is reassessed.
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Stokke, Andreas. "Indexicality and presupposition : explorations beyond truth-conditional information". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1704.
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This thesis consists of four essays and an introduction dedicated to two main topics: indexicality and presupposition. The first essay is concerned with an alleged problem for the standard treatment of indexicals on which their linguistic meanings are functions from context to content (so-called characters). Since most indexicals have their content settled, on an occasion of use, by the speaker’s intentions, some authors have argued that this standard picture is inadequate. By demonstrating that intentions can be seen as a parameter of the kind of context that characters operate on, these arguments are rejected. In addition, it is argued that a more recent, variable-based framework is naturally interpreted as an intention-sensitive semantics. The second essay is devoted to the phenomenon of descriptive uses of indexicals on which such an expression seems to contribute, not its standard reference as determined by its character, but a property to the interpretation. An argument that singular readings of the cases in question are incoherent is shown to be incorrect, and an approach to descriptive readings is developed on which they arise from e-type uses akin to other well known cases. Further, descriptive readings of the relevant kind are seen to arise only in the presence of adverbs of quantification, and all sentences in which such an adverb takes scope over an indexical are claimed to be ambiguous between a referential and an e-type (descriptive) reading. The third essay discusses a version of the variable analysis of pronouns on which their descriptive meanings are relegated to the so-called phi-features – person, gender and number. In turn, the phi-features are here seen as triggering semantic presuppositions that place constraints on the definedness of pronouns, and ultimately of sentences in which they appear. It is argued that the descriptive information contributed by the phi-features diverges radically from presuppositional information of both semantic and pragmatic varieties on several dimensions of comparison, and instead the main role of the phi-features is seen to be that of guiding hearers’ attempts to ascertain the speaker’s intentions. The fourth essay addresses an issue concerning the treatment of presuppositions in dynamic semantics. Representing a semantic treatment of pragmatic presuppositions, the dynamic framework is shown to incorrectly regard conversational infelicity as sufficient for semantic undefinedness, given the standard way of defining truth in terms of context change. Further, it is shown that a proposal for a solution fail to make correct predictions for epistemic modals. A novel framework is developed on which context change potentials act on contexts that have more structure than the contexts usually countenanced by dynamic semantics, and it is shown that this framework derives truth from context change while making correct predictions for both presuppositions and modals.
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Warshaw, Mark. "The cognitive challenge to the truth conditional theory of meaning /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170238.
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Reed, Lisa A. "Non-truth-conditional aspects of meaning and the level of LF". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6805.
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In contrast to the majority of research previously done on Logical Form (LF), this thesis places equal emphasis on its syntactic and semantic properties. Adopting a literal view of May's (1985) characterization of LF as "the level of representation which interfaces the theories of linguistic form and interpretation", this thesis uses syntactic information available at this level to construct a version of model-theoretic interpretation which can capture certain semantic phenomena. In particular, this thesis develops the hypothesis, inspired by Turkish specificity facts noted in Enc (1987, 1991), that a dissociation of Case and Theta-role assignments, signalled at LF, is one means by which a grammar may encode conventional implicatures. The French causative and Raising constructions, two examples of which follow, are offered as evidence for this contention. $$\vbox{\halign{#\hfil&&#\hfil\cr (1)\qquad &Je \ l'ai fait manger sa soupe.\cr &I him-ACC have made to-eat his soup\cr &`I made him eat his soup.'\cr (2)\qquad &Jean, \ c'est cet homme l\`a-bas.\cr &Jean, he is that man there-low\cr &`Jean, he's that man over there.'\cr}}$$The constructions in (1) and (2) are argued to have an LF configuration in which the underlined argument receives its Theta-role from a predicate which does not assign it Case, thus meeting the structural description noted above. This thesis shows that these dissociations encode conventional implicatures: in (1), there is an implicature regarding the degree autonomy possessed by the embedded subject; in (2), there is an implicature regarding the aspectual nature of the interval of time at which the predicative sentence is true. These implications are captured by a model-theoretic semantic component which reads off the syntactic tree available at LF.
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Dalglish, Steven Jack William. "Accepting Defeat: A Solution to Semantic Paradox with Defeasible Principles for Truth". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1597757494987204.
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Lang, Ian William y n/a. "Conditional Truths: Remapping Paths To Documentary 'Independence'". Griffith University. Queensland College of Art, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20031112.105737.
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(Synopsis to introductory statement): An introductory statement to five documentary films made by Ian Lang in Australia between 1981 and 1997 exemplifying a 'democratising' model of sustainable and ethical documentary film production. This document critically reflects on the production process of these films to accompany their submission for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Publication at Griffith University. It finds that a contemporary tendency towards 'post-industrial' conditions allows an observational film-maker to negotiate a critical inter-dependence rather than a romantically conceived 'independence' traditional to the genre. [Full thesis consists of introductory statement plus six DVD videodiscs.]
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Lang, Ian William. "Conditional Truths: Remapping Paths To Documentary 'Independence'". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367923.
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(Synopsis to introductory statement): An introductory statement to five documentary films made by Ian Lang in Australia between 1981 and 1997 exemplifying a 'democratising' model of sustainable and ethical documentary film production. This document critically reflects on the production process of these films to accompany their submission for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Publication at Griffith University. It finds that a contemporary tendency towards 'post-industrial' conditions allows an observational film-maker to negotiate a critical inter-dependence rather than a romantically conceived 'independence' traditional to the genre. [Full thesis consists of introductory statement plus six DVD videodiscs.]Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy by Publication (PhD)
Queensland College of Art
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Taylor, Neil. "Davidson's truth conditions theory and scientific realism". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1985. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/848102/.
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How does language refer to objective reality and relate to speakers? Davidson's truth-conditions theory provides a method of interpretation and, notwithstanding difficulties in relating artificial languages to natural languages, articulates the true structure of all of natural language whilst simultaneously furnishing a theory of logical form. But how does language refer to the world. Davidson's scientific realism abandons any assumed foundational basis in extra-linguistic reality; hence, reference to facts is otiose. Only via the truth-conditions structure of language can the true structure of reality be described. From within language, reality is reconstructed as extensional reference to simultaneously-postulated entities. Yet reference to Davidson's abstracta and the internal causal structure of such events is problematic. Nevertheless, in languages of normal expressive-power, we must refer- even if it proves possible to eliminate an unwanted ontology. Convention (t), however, allows scope for alternative theories discriminating reality. Reference to objective reality being a linguistic action, cognizance must be taken of background features of a speaker's psychological reality guiding and constraining such use. Any foundational basis is again rejected:Davidson's analysis of 'A believes that p' (etc.) abjures reference to Fregean propositions (or to sentences). Furthermore, extra-linguistic Gricean intentions are unacceptable. Only via true, structured, elements of language can the true, structured intensional and intentional elements be described. Thus,beliefs (etc. ) are analyzed within the extensional metalanguage. But Davidson's extensional reconstruction of postulated attitudes, and also reference to 'reasons' as causes, are contentious. Still, it is argued, we must refer to such independent 'reasons', despite shortcomings in Davidson's account. Hence, reference to objective reality and the background attitudes of speakers are all reconstructed within the truth-conditions structure of language as theoretical postulations. Reality is immanent within language, but,crucially, the disclosures of its structured network of interpretants must refer to the structured, true being of a reality beyond itself.
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Ippolito, Michela M. 1970. "The time of possibilities : truth and felicity of subjunctive conditionals". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8153.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-194).
This dissertation is a study of modality and, in particular, of conditional statements within the framework of possible world semantics. I argue that in order to understand what the meaning of a modal sentence is we need to look closely at the internal composition of accessibility relations. Accessibility relations are shown to be complex relations involving both a world and a time of evaluation, and it is shown that temporal and aspectual operators can be interpreted in the modal domain, and may not occur inside the scope of the modal operator. When interpreted in this position, temporal and aspectual operators contribute to the selection of the possible worlds by defining the relevant notion of accessibility. Capitalizing on work by Irene Heim, David Lewis and Robert Stalnaker, I show that this proposal allows us to develop a semantic analysis of those conditionals that are traditionally called subjunctive conditionals, and to provide an answer to how to select the worlds that the modal operator quantifies' over. Finally, I argue that the semantic analyses of counterfactuals discussed by Lewis (1979) - Analysis 1 and Analysis 2 - cannot be maintained in that neither of them accounts for the contrast between the felicity conditions of different types of subjunctive conditionals. Instead, I will argue that our theory based on a time-dependent notion of accessibility can.
by Michela M. Ippolito.
Ph.D.
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Caravedo, Joan. "Truth and Liberty in Kierkegaard". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119566.
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This paper proposes an introduction to the Kierkegaardian relation between freedom and truth. In order to do this, mainly paying attention to his Philosophical Fragments, it begins with the Socratic problem of acquiring truth. After this, it focuses on truth as the fruit of God’s free love, whence emerges the topic of freedom. Finally, this theme leads to the Kierkegaardian account of becoming, and specifically to the relation between possibility and reality. Throughout this exposition, the central concept that articulates this itinerary is the “instant”, understanding it as the point of convergence between the eternal and the temporal, stressing the paradox therein.El texto propone una aproximación introductoria a la relación entre libertad y verdad. Para lograr esto seguirá una ruta, amparada fundamentalmente en el texto de Kierkegaard Migajas filosóficas, que comenzará con el problema socrático en torno a la adquisición de la verdad, pasando a considerar la dación de la verdad fruto del amor gratuito de Dios, desde el cual habrá de emerger el tema de la libertad que, por último, terminará por conducirnos a la explicación kierkegaardiana del devenir y, específicamente, al tema de la relación entre posibilidad y realidad. En esta exposición, el concepto que procurará articular todo nuestro recorrido será el de instante, entendiendo este como punto de confluencia entre lo eterno y lo temporal y resaltando la paradoja aquí implicada.
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Hammond, Nicholas. "Playing with truth : language and the human condition in Pascal's Pensees". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334930.
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Delmas, Didier. "Show me the truth: the conditions of possibility for the invention of photography". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106306.
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The popularization of science during the eighteenth century generated, toward the end of the century, an epistemological anxiety that reached all levels of the population from the most literate scientist to the poorest peasant, the expert in differential calculus like the witness of the flights of Montgolfières. Books, periodicals, schooling, private salons, and public demonstrations contributed to this quasi-universal anguish. Toward the end of the century, spectacles appeared that were at once expressions and tentatives to remedy the period's epistemic malaise; among those spectacles the phantasmagoria, the panorama, and the diorama, all connected to the history of photography, figure prominently. In this dissertation I focus on the progressive build-up through the eighteenth century of the yearning for an accurate and truthful representation of the natural world that culminated in the 1839 invention of photography. Rather than seeing photography as the inevitable result of improved knowledge in the specific sciences of optics and chemistry, I consider that what else was needed to create the conditions of possibility for photography's invention was the 18th century's crisis of knowledge. A crisis that intensified as the Enlightenment's new order built on the strength of reason both threatened the traditional understanding of nature based on theology and introduced a new understanding of the fragility of the human mind and the uncertainty of perception, and hence anxiety around the question, "How do we trust what we see? How can we be certain of what we know?" If problems linked to the nature of knowledge drove the invention of photography, as soon as it was invented, photography split in a variety of practices sometime opposed to each others. Scientists forged ahead with using "objective" photography on one side, and artists coerced the medium for their own creative needs on the other. Thus, on its way to what it has become today, photography practices cancel or at least complicate the original intent; what some historians have perceived as photography's second invention. This "second invention" of photography is one we can understand if we consider that the 18th century was not only characterized by Reason's reign but also by philosophical speculation, the popularization of science, and mass entertainments that together exposed a wide segment of urban society to the unsettling tension between truth and skepticism. My dissertation thus seeks to reconnect 19th-century photographic practices with photography's pre-history, which was also very much concerned with the question of how to apprehend the world of solid objects given a growing understanding of a reflexive subject.La vulgarisation de la science au cours du dix-huitième siècle créa, vers la fin du siècle, une anxiété épistémologique qui toucha toute les couches de la population depuis les savants les plus instruits jusqu'aux paysans les plus pauvres, depuis les adeptes des équations différentielles jusqu'aux témoins des vols de montgolfières. Livres, magasines, écoles, salons privés, et démonstrations publiques contribuent à cette angoisse quasi-universelle. Vers la fin du siècle apparaissent des spectacles qui sont simultanément des expressions et des tentatives de remèdes à ce malaise. Parmi eux on citera la fantasmagorie, le panorama, et le diorama, tous associés à la photographie. Dans cette thèse j'examine la montée progressive, au cours du dix-huitième siècle, d'un désir d'une représentation précise et véridique du monde naturel qui aboutira à l'invention de la photographie en 1839. Plutôt que considérer la photo comme l'inévitable résultat du progrès des sciences de l'optique et de la chimie je considère les conditions additionnelles nécessaires a l'invention de la photographie. Ces conditions incluent une crise de la connaissance qui s'amplifie au cours du 18ème siècle quand un ordre bâtit sur la solidité de la raison menace un système de connaissance de la nature fondé sur la théologie et introduit la notion de la fragilité de la pensée humaine et l'incertitude de l'observation ; ainsi une inquiétude s'attache aux questions, « pouvons-nous nous fier à ce que nous savons ? Comment être sûr de savoir ce que nous savons ?»Mais dès lors de son invention, la photographie se fragmente en pratiques parfois opposées l'une à l'autre. Si, d'un coté, les scientifiques s'engagent dans la photographie «objective», de l'autre, les artistes détournent cette invention pour leur propres besoins créatifs. De ce fait la pratique de la photographie annule, ou au moins complique, son intention originale ; ce que certains historiens ont perçu comme la deuxième invention de la photographie. Nous pouvons comprendre cette deuxième invention de la photographie si l'on considère que le 18ème siècle n'est pas seulement caractérisé par le règne de la Raison mais aussi par la spéculation philosophique, la vulgarisation des sciences, et les spectacles de masse qui se combinent pour exposer les questions concernant la vérité et le doute à un large segment de la population urbaine. Ainsi, le public du 19ème siècle devient très préoccupée par la question de la compréhension du monde physique. Ma thèse essaie de reconnecter la pratique de la photographie avec sa pré-histoire.
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Arici, Murat. "A Study On The Connection Between Justification And Truth". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1214535/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, I analyze the classical tripartite definition of knowledge. According to this definition there are three conditions for a knowledge claim to arise, namely, belief, truth and justification conditions. The main problem with this definition is even if these three conditions are satisfied one may not know a proposition p because of the fact that the justification of the proposition p may not be relevant in showing that p is true. Therefore, my primary purpose is to establish a strong conceptual connection between justification and truth conditions. To realize this, first, I defend a three-way interrelation between these three conditions. Second, I inquire as to which kind of justification should lead us to which kind of truth. To answer to this question, I postulate three kinds of realities, namely, Subjective Reality, Inter-Subjective Reality, and Allegedly Pure Reality. Furthermore, I re-define the justification condition in such way that there is a kind of whole justification and it requires both internal and external justification. According to this conception of reality and re-definition of justification there already exists a strong conceptual connection between internal justification and Subjective Reality which is completely subject-relative. And I defend the existence of such a connection also between the whole justification and Inter-Subjective Reality. Finally, I argue that no conception of justification can lead us to an Allegedly Pure Reality that the hardest version of skepticism claims to exist.
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Caorsi, Carlos. "Verdad y justificación en la filosofía de Donald Davidson". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2011. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112853.
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Truth and Justification in Donald Davidson’s Philosophy”. In this paper, I attempt to discuss the tensions that exist in Davidson’s work between hisconception of beliefs as veridical by nature and its radical opposition to epistemictheories of truth. With this purpose, I introduce two modalities of philosophicalelucidation: analytic non-reductive elucidation and connective elucidation. I alsoclaim that these two modalities are characteristic of two periods of Davidson’sway of dealing with the concept of truth. I attempt to show that the considerationof these two types of elucidation allows shedding light on the way in whichDavidson’s work deals with the problem of truth and on the particular abovementionedtension.En este artículo me propongo tratar la tensión existente en la obra deDavidson entre su concepción de las creencias como verídicas por naturaleza ysu radical oposición a las teorías epistémicas de la verdad. Para ello introduzcodos modalidades de elucidación filosófica, elucidación analítica no reductiva yelucidación conectiva y sostengo que caracterizan dos periodos en el tratamientode Davidson del concepto de verdad. Me propongo mostrar que la consideraciónde estos dos tipos de elucidación permite echar luz sobre el tratamientodel problema de la verdad en la obra de Davidson y sobre la particular tensiónanteriormente mencionada.
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Novakovic, Andreja. "Uncovering the conditions for understanding another an examination of translation, interpretation, and understanding in Gadamer's truth and method /". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/719.
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SHIDA, Taisei. "THE THEORY OF TRUTH IN THE CLASSICAL NYĀYA SYSTEM: ON THE CONDITION OF PRAVṚTTI AND THE MEANS OF JUSTIFICATION". 名古屋大学大学院文学研究科インド文化学研究室 (Department of Indian Studies, Graduate School of Letters, Nagoya University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19255.
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Kriel, Hennie. "Conflict transformation in South Africa : the impact of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on social identity transformation". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1760.
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Thesis (MPhil (Political Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.For a long time, conflict studies have focussed on the grand national projects of negotiating peace, concluded by the major actors in the country, like political parties, as well as international mediating actors like the UN. This view on solving conflict as a set top-down process were in recent years challenged by new theories on how to solve conflict. The conflict settlement theory had to make ideological and practical space for others like conflict resolution and conflict transformation, in the broader arena of conflict management. In the last 3 decades, conflict transformation has grown into a formidable tool in explaining conflict and moves toward peace-building. The fact that so many countries had collapsed back into civil war after their settlements, surely has something to say about the lack of longevity of some countries’ conflict settlement or conflict resolution approaches. This is why conflict transformation is such an attractive approach, especially in the case of South Africa. The political settlement of the early 1990s, that lead to an official peace, were also backed up by policies and programs to deal with the underlying causes and grievances that caused the conflict. The TRC was one aspect on post-1994 peace-building and enduring conflict transformation. The importance of the TRC as a transformative vehicle has been highlighted by the fact that so many institutions and individuals have made work of it to study the impact of the TRC on social transformation in the post-war era. Although many surveys indicate that South Africans have come to deal with the past to varying degrees and are seeing the various groups in the country as intertwined with the future of the country, there are still many worrying aspects that have to be addressed: interracial understanding and trust, and tolerance for one’s former enemies. The TRC has done much to build bridges between the formerly segregated groups of South Africa and the aim of this paper is to shed some light on these changes in attitudes.
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Schlotterbeck, Fabian [Verfasser] y Fritz [Akademischer Betreuer] Hamm. "From truth conditions to processes : how to model the processing difficulty of quantified sentences based on semantic theory / Fabian Schlotterbeck ; Betreuer: Fritz Hamm". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1165578972/34.
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Trauth, Nico [Verfasser] y Sascha [Akademischer Betreuer] Oswald. "Flow and reactive transport modeling at the stream-groundwater interface : effects of hydrological conditions and streambed morphology / Nico Trauth ; Betreuer: Sascha Eric Oswald". Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-82748.
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Trauth, Nico [Verfasser] y Sascha Eric [Akademischer Betreuer] Oswald. "Flow and reactive transport modeling at the stream-groundwater interface : effects of hydrological conditions and streambed morphology / Nico Trauth ; Betreuer: Sascha Eric Oswald". Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1218601884/34.
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Beasse, Muriel. "Conditions d'énonciations et stratégies d'écriture des narrations journalistiques du web : les renouvellements d'un contrat de véridicité". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG025.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse à la compréhension des transformations contemporaines de l’écriture journalistique à l’aune de la mission de vérité traditionnellement associée à cette activité. Ce mandat social idéalisé fait partie de l’imaginaire de la profession et participe à la légitimité de la pratique journalistique. Il trouve une résonance contemporaine, dans un espace public en mutation où les entreprises médiatiques et les journalistes expérimentent de nouvelles façons d’informer. La recherche porte sur des narrations journalistiques multimédias exploitant les spécificités de l’écriture numérique. Notre hypothèse est que les renouvellements en jeu dans ces dispositifs d’information se négocient dans la dimension coopérative du web. En documentant une pratique émergente du webjournalisme, ce travail rend compte d’expériences d’écriture entre narrativité et numérique qui contribuent à une reformulation du contrat de véridicité du journalismeThis thesis focuses on seeking to understand the tension between transformations in contemporary journalistic writing and the obligation of truth traditionally associated with this activity. This idealised social mandate speaks to the appeal and to the legitimacy of journalistic practice and has a strong echo in the shifting public spaces where media companies and journalists are experimenting with new ways to inform. The research focuses on multimedia journalistic narratives exploiting the specificities of digital writing (webdocumentary, scrollytelling, long format, etc.). Our hypothesis is that the changes at play in these informative devices are negotiated in the cooperative dimension of the web. This work investigates the emergent practice of webjournalism as acts of writing in which narrative and digital modalities contribute to a reformulation of veridicity as a journalistic contract
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Mngomezulu, Nosipho Sthabiso Thandiwe. "Re-imagining the nation". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019999.
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This thesis examines young people’s constructions of nationhood in Mauritius. In 2008, the Mauritian government instituted a Truth and Justice Commission (TJC), set up to investigate the consequences of slavery and indentured labour. Through the Truth and Justice Commission, the Mauritian government indicated its desire to achieve social justice and national unity. Drawing on developments in studies of national identification practices in the 21st Century, this thesis addresses the question of young Mauritian’s locally and globally informed identification practices and asks how their unofficial narratives of nationhood challenge, or divert, or relate to official state narratives of nationhood. The basis of the study emerges from data collected from 132 participants during fieldwork in multiple fieldsites from May to September 2010 as well as research on Mauritian youth on-line from 2011-2014. The advent of the TJC offers an ideal moment to evaluate the dynamics of post-colonial nation-building and nationhood in a selfstyled multi-cultural state. Nationhood, does not exist apriori to the constructions of narratives of the nation, thus the stories told about the nation, imagine the nation into being. By situating the Truth and Justice Commission and other official state narratives alongside young people’s narratives, I argue that contemporary narratives of nationhood in Mauritius represent an intergenerational struggle to define the meaning of the past in the present and consequently outline the future. Reflecting on the ideas and socio-economic and political processes that induce national consciousness, I argue that young people’s narratives of everyday lived experiences are vital for an interpretation of how nationhood is produced in everyday life. The cultural projects of young people – often rendered as liminal or marginal – offer a critical vantage point from where to read constructions of nationhood. Far from being growing pains or childish games, young people’s identity making practices are what Sherry B. Ortner has called “serious games.” This research suggests that official state government narratives of multicultural nationhood in Mauritius narrowly define national identification along communal loyalties, overlooking the dynamism of interculturality and transnationalism in daily practice on the island. Although communalism and rigid colonial interpretations of ethnicity attempt to police and limit the possibilities of alternative modes of being in Mauritius, young people’s identification practices question, challenge, and threaten to disrupt official discourses of ethnic identification in Mauritius Scholarly investigations of young peoples’ lived experiences of nationhood extend theoretical and methodological frames for the study of nationalized subjects and deepen the understanding of the construction of national consciousness. The construction of nationhood always involves narratives of some sort – scholarship on this area has usually focused on official state narratives from social theorists, state governments, and state elites. I argue for the importance of considering subjectivity and lived experience in conceptions of nationhood. In contemporary post-colonial societies, young people are the numerical majority, however, their voices are seldom represented in theories and narratives of nationhood. Whilst young people may appear in state policies (especially education) and official narratives about the future of the nation, their creative imagining and reimagining of narratives of selfhood is often ignored. I examine how young people increasingly are aware of their transnational connections, through participation in transnational youth cultures, and they are consequently increasingly multi-lingual and multicultural. Fixed notions of ethnic identification and discourses of trauma are not at the forefront of young people’s identification of selfhood, rather their ability to take advantage of their multiply situated identification processes allows them new means to evade and transform these narratives. Their identification of selfhood is characterised by a greater degree of dynamism than previous generations had access to, and thus they do not only identify themselves through officially sanctioned national forms of identification. Loyalty to nationhood is thus less predictable, and young people represent a potential threat to the continuation of older forms of nationhood. While official narratives of nationhood may manipulate ethnic and racial cleavages to secure old loyalties, not all young people are persuaded by these notions
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Araújo, Rafael. "A experiência do horror: arte, pensamento e política". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2960.
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This paper portrays different ways of experiencing horror, from the existing relationship between art and thought, looking for understanding some of the political forces that act over humanity in distinct contexts. We start off by the principle that experience of horror accompanies mankind since the first social forms and, through it, it s possible to look at the human condition and situations generated by the difficult sociability. The analysis of these difficulties involves the recognition of circumstances that act over humanity and set violence situations, impotence and suffering. The experience of horror in face of world s reality starts off by the individual itself attesting the Cartesian rationality consequences, and broadens toward the collective, revealing social and political problems, specially with modernity, when the work world asserts itself to mankind in an absolute way and life becomes something disposable. The pieces of artwork selected to the study express different ways of horror, produced in distinct contexts of oppression and carry on themselves important information about the worldly reality. The analysis of these works allowed new perspectives and established a dialogue with some thinker s ideas. In front of the absurd of the world, in which assignments appear to be tragic by its unachievement, an affirmative thought points to a creative way of existing, which diagnoses, values and potentiate life
Este trabalho apresenta um mapeamento de diferentes formas de experiência do horror, a partir da relação existente entre arte e pensamento, procurando entender algumas das forças políticas que atuam sobre os homens em distintos contextos. Partimos do princípio de que a experiência do horror acompanha o homem desde as primeiras formas sociais e, através dessa experiência, é possível lançar um olhar sobre a condição humana e sobre as situações geradas pela difícil sociabilidade. A análise dessas dificuldades implica o reconhecimento das circunstâncias que atuam sobre os homens e configuram situações de violência, impotência e sofrimento. A experiência do horror frente à realidade do mundo parte do próprio indivíduo, atestando as conseqüências da racionalidade cartesiana, e se amplia em direção ao coletivo, revelando problemas políticos e sociais, especialmente a partir da modernidade, quando o mundo do trabalho impõe-se ao homem de forma absoluta e a vida torna-se algo descartável. As obras de arte selecionadas para o estudo expressam diferentes formas de horror; foram produzidas em contextos distintos e carregam em si mesmas informações importantes sobre a realidade mundana. A análise das obras permitiu que novas perspectivas surgissem e estabelecessem um diálogo com as idéias de alguns pensadores. Diante do absurdo do mundo, em que as tarefas mostram-se trágicas por sua irrealização, um pensamento afirmativo aponta para um modo de existir criativo, que diagnostica, valoriza e potencializa a vida
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Stoltz, Jonathan Edward. "Belief, truth, and indicative conditional propositions". 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3168460.
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Su, Ching Hui y 蘇慶輝. "On the Road to Conditionals: Truth Conditions and Acceptability Conditions". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18923023760138858644.
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博士國立中正大學
哲學所
96
A theory of conditionals is supposed to explain all (or at least most) linguistic phenomena concerning ‘if’. Since what we are concerned with are linguistic phenomena whose occurrences are due to the meaning of ‘if’, what we are looking for is a semantic theory of conditionals that explains these phenomena. So far there are three semantic theories in the literature on conditionals: truth-functional semantics, non-truth-functional semantics (possible world semantics), and no-truth-value semantics (probabilistic semantics). In this dissertation, I will introduce these three theories and try to defend truth-functional semantics. Although the topic is conditionals, I don''t mean to include here every kind of conditional as my explanandum. To make the topic manageable, I will first make some distinctions between various kinds of conditionals, and focus on so-called indicative conditionals. Then, I will introduce three semantic theories which attempt to explain indicative conditionals. Finally, I will argue that neither non-truth- functional semantics nor no-truth-value semantics is better than truth-functional semantics, for we can explain away those apparent counterexamples to truth-functional semantics by a pragmatic approach.
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Tillier, Rachel Joanne. "Naked truth: a glimpse into the lives and experiences of exotic dancers". Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1351.
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This research explores the lives and experiences of female exotic dancers with the aim of
gaining an empathic understanding of their involvement in the stripping industry. The
stereotypes and generalizations of exotic dancers and the stripping industry undermine
the exotic dancer's ability to be seen as an individual with her own story and her own
experiences. The participants of this research were selected through convenience
sampling and consist of three female exotic dancers. The researcher interviewed the
participants using a semi-structured interview format and focused on the dancer's
experience within the exotic dancing industry, her family history, her relationships, and
personal life. The data was analysed using thematic network analysis. The thematic
networks are often contradictory and inconsistent with the common stereotypes and ideas
held about exotic dancers. The results indicate that some exotic dancers experience
meaning, healing, gratification, and power within their work and live responsible,
productive lives.Psychology
M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
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Punčochář, Vít. "Hypotetické soudy, pravdivost a tvrditelnost". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348933.
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Vít Punčochář Dissertation: Hypothetical Judgements, Truth and Assertibility Abstract: The main topic of this thesis is the logic of indicative conditionals, i.e. sentences of the form If A then B. In classical logic, these sentences are analysed with the help of the so- called material implication. However, the analysis is problematic in many respects. Some chapters of the thesis are devoted to the explanation of the problems, which one necessarily faces when analysing conditionals with the apparatus of standard classical logic. The stress is laid upon the fact that here we are led to a paradoxical situation: some general principles of classical logic (e.g. the principle according to which one can infer If not-A then B from A or B) seem to be unquestionable, but they have very controversial consequences. In the thesis, attempts are presented to defend classical logic as well as to revise it. The approaches to the logical analysis of conditionals are classified into two basic kinds: the first one might be called ontic and the second one epistemic. The ontic approach defines all crucial semantic notions in terms of the concept of truth that is modelled in logic as a relation between sentences of a given language and states of affairs. In contrast, the epistemic approach is not based on the concept of truth...
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Van, Wyk Vicki Alexandra Ross. "Performativity in art as reconstructions of the self in addressing conditions of depression". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1433.
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Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology : Fine Arts, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2014.The motivation for this research results from the notion that art-making is a regenerative enriching process that can counteract the sense of dislocation that one suffers as a consequence of depression. The study has two objectives: to open a discourse around the transformative function of art for a person suffering depression; and challenge notions of dominant constructed ideals of normality by presenting alternative realities of the performative mind. From the earliest memories of my life, I knew I did not fit in, I was not part of the crowd. Depression has been my companion ever since I can remember. The intention for this self-study is to interrogate the ways in which art can become a self-actualising process in coping with depression. The content for this research deals with narratives of the mind, that is, my understanding of who I am. I have therefore, positioned myself as the pivot for this research, drawing on authentic personal experiential knowledge. This autobiographical phenomenological study is thus a self-reflexive exploration addressing concepts of difference and belonging in relation to social constructs of acceptability. The study looks at contemporary concepts of multiple selves, relationality and the application of therapeutic methodologies within art practice. Art-making becomes games of truth, mind games that offer alternative realities and possibilities for the construction of complex, multi-faceted narratives as dialogues between the self and the inner critic. Of importance is the concept that self is not a fixed conclusive notion but one that continues to unfold, shift and become a multi-layered construct. These new narratives examine how creativity enables or creates a sense of belonging or re-positioning of one’s states of mind. The overall intention of the art-making process is its potential for transformative self-recovery processes – the re-construction of who we are, rather than how we are perceived. This research thus examines the notion of belonging in this world through body/land enactments of ritualised behaviour. The body as metaphor investigates rites of passage as the re-tellings of one’s story within specific body/site/space relationships. The ideal of connection to site is central as a means of renewal and recovery – these performative relationships become the creative meaning-making processes of locating or positionality. In support of these ideas and concepts, the work of Ana Mendieta, Magdalena Abakanowicz and Suzanne Lacy are considered in relation to ideals of positionality and as reflecting each artist’s ethics or paradigms of equality. Artworks are examined against the notion of locating oneself within social contexts. The aim is to question the intention and outcomes of art-making as social function in dealing with issues of marginalisation and stigma. Performativity, personal writings/reflections and memory drawings are the quintessential tools of my art-making. The written psychological renderings and unravellings of my mind, questionings that are both reflexive and critical, are intentionally presented in dialogical, conversational and direct modes. This personal tone aims to allow a scope into my mind – it is my perspective from the inside, my voice, my personal understanding of the potential of art as a metaphorical process of transformation. Lacy asserts that the artist becomes a witness, reporter and analyst for socio-culturally biased concerns; a performance gives public articulation and permission to speak out loud, gives voice to internal dialogues, reveal information that requires questioning and that personal individual experience has profound social implications. Lacy believes that it is an innate human need to reflect on the meaning of one’s life and one’s work (2010:176-177). Central to the findings of this study, are both the transgressive and transformative functions of art.
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