Tesis sobre el tema "Conception de la trajectoire"
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Talgorn, Bastien. "Décollage en cas de panne moteur : conception automatisée de trajectoire optimale". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/5019/.
Texto completoIn case of engine failure during aircraft takeoff, there is a speed until which the aircraft can still break to abort the takeoff (Rejected takeoff procedure). Above this speed, the aircraft shall continue the takeoff along the SID trajectory (Standard Instrument Departure) despite the lack of thrust caused by the engine failure. The takeoff parameters must be chosen so that the security of the aircraft is guaranteed in both situations. In mountainous landscape, the obstacle clearance constraints can severely penalise the maximum takeoff weight of the aircraft. In this situation, it is possible to use an alternate trajectory: the EOSID (Engine Out Standard Instrument Departure). The ground track of the EOSID is different from the SID. This trajectory, which is only used in case of engine failure, flies over a relief that is less penalizing. This allows to reduce the regulatory obstacle clearance constraints in engine failure case and to increase the aircraft takeoff weight. The conception of an EOSID is an iterative manual on-ground process that needs several softwares. The aim of this thesis is to formulate and automate this process so as to improve the trajectory quality and to reduce the conception workload. In this aim, the conception process has been analysed and modelled as an optimization problem the objective of which is to maximise the maximum takeoff weight and to minimize the trajectory complexity. A trajectory complexity estimation method has hence been defined and integrated along with the weight within a single criterion. Then the problem is solved with a genetic algorithm that has been developed specifically to handle the trajectory definition format
Boyer, Fabrice. "Planification de mouvements dynamiques appliquée à la conception de la liaison au sol". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949966.
Texto completoVorobieva, Hélène. "Conception et méthode de validation de lois de contrôle pour des systèmes de conduite automatisée du véhicule". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0054.
Texto completoNowadays, in big cities, the parking spots have become narrow. Totally autonomous parking, with commercial constraints, would improve comfort and security of the driver. This work is about predictable generation of parking trajectories, without successive optimizations. Two geometric solutions based on arcs of circle have been developed. The first consist on placing the vehicle near the parking spot and going forward and backward until the vehicle is parked. The second is a generalized “inverse” method: the vehicle is supposed parked, the maneuvers to reach the real initial pose of the vehicle are found and produce the trajectory to inverse to perform the parking. The disadvantage of these methods is the steering at stop. To produce continuous-curvature trajectories, we have combined the simplicity of the geometric methods with continuous-curvature curves by using clothoids. Each arc of circle of the trajectory created by a geometric method is transformed into a sequence clothoid, optional arc of circle, clothoid. This method is not time consuming, predictable and allows a simple open-loop control for the longitudinal speed and the steering angle, in function of the travelled distance. Experiments on a prototype vehicle showed that the open-loop control is sufficient when few maneuvers are needed. We have also set up a regeneration method for the trajectory to guarantee a parking without danger even when deviations appear compared to the initial trajectory, when more maneuvers are needed. Finally, a global functional architecture with a supervisor has been described for the complete parking maneuver
Thorel, Sylvain. "Conception et réalisation d'un drone hybride sol/air autonome". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0054/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is dedicated to the non-linear control of a special hybrid quadrotor which is able to fly, and slide on the ground like an hovercraft. In the context of an autonomous indoor exploration this hybrid concept allows saving energy when flying is not necessary, since the drone can then slide on the ground without having to compensate for the gravity; autonomy can last beyond the 20 minutes typical of a standard quadrotor. Contrarily to wheeled mobile robots, the hybrid drone ability to move across space is strongly increased since it can fly to avoid obstacles, to move between two levels, to get in through a window. The study under consideration is essentially focused on the displacement of the drone on the ground and aims at designing and implementing a control law so that our system is able to track a 2D xy plane trajectory. This terrestrial quadrotor is similar to a slider underactuated vehicle. The point stabilisation is then separately studied from the trajectory tracking issue because of the Brockett condition, which is not satisfied in that case; our platform cannot be stabilized by means of continuous state feedbacks. This thesis proposes different theoretical developments based on the literature and deriving from time varying control laws, transverse functions, flatness or backstepping techniques to solve both point stabilisation and trajectory tracking. The experimental part of the thesis is based on the recovering of the drone position in real time and orientation via a Motion Capture system for feedback loop in the control law; the proposed dynamical model was validated as well as the control and command laws for the tracking of a circular trajectory
Demers, Jean-Christophe. "Conception et développement d'un système de perception de l'environnement et de planification de trajectoire pour un robot marcheur". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2002. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/820/1/DEMERS_Jean%2DChristophe.pdf.
Texto completoGauthier, Vladimir. "Conception et modélisation pour le contrôle de trajectoire dans les puces microfluidiques : Application au tri cellulaire par diélectrophorèse". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD066.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes to integrate the principles of micro-robotics in a lab-on-a-chip in order to improve the performance of cell sorting by dielectrophoresis. Controlling the trajectory of cells in a fluidic chip in real time requires redesigning the chip, modeling it and developing control laws dedicated to real-time control. Concerning the design, this thesis is interested in the compromise existing between the speed of sorting and the problems of cell tracking in real time. An original architecture based on two electrode planes, on the upper and lower faces of the channels, is proposed. Manufacturing processes dedicated to this architecture are developed. In particular, the manufacture of transparent electrodes and the assembly of the two parallel electrode arrays are studied. Concerning the modeling, an analytical formulation of the electric field uncoupling control variables, terms depending on the position of the object and terms depending solely on the geometry of the chip is proposed in order to quickly and accurately calculate the dielectrophoresis force. An analysis of the anisotropy of the friction forces present near the electrodes completes the dynamic modeling of the behavior of the microparticles, and gives rise to a model compatible with real-time control, validated experimentally on artificial objects. Finally, a controller based on optimization techniques and a trajectory planner are proposed for cell sorting. A simulator is developed and highlights the good sorting performance of such a system. All of these methods will control the trajectory of biological cells in sorting chips to improve selectivity and speed
Vu, Dinh-Son. "Synthèse sur la conception, commande et planification de trajectoire d'une interface de locomotion pour la réadaptation de la marche". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27756.
Texto completoCette thèse synthétise la conception d'une plateforme de marche destinée à la réadaptation des membres inférieurs pour le mouvement de la marche. L'automatisation du travail des thérapeutes, la réduction de leur charge de travail et la diversification des exercices pour les patients est un atout par rapport aux outils existants sur le marché tels que les tapis roulants ou les allées instrumentées pour la réadaptation. La conception d'une interface de locomotion pour la simulation de la marche présente des défis en terme de performance et de stabilité du mécanisme, de même que pour assurer la sécurité de l'utilisateur. L'équilibre de l'utilisateur doit être préservé grâce à une interaction humain-robot souple durant la phase d'élancement du pied et une sensation de rigidité lors de la phase d'appui. Dans un premier temps, la thèse présente le mouvement de la marche humaine pour trois types de milieux, c'est-à-dire la marche au sol, la marche d'escalier ascendante et la marche d'escalier descendante. Entre autres, le chapitre 1 cible les points essentiels de la cinématique et de la dynamique des membres inférieurs afin d'établir les exigences physiques pour la conception de la plateforme de marche. Le chapitre 2 introduit l'architecture mécanique de l'interface de locomotion basé sur deux systèmes indépendants de courroies déplaçant les deux effecteurs dans les translations horizontale et verticale, correspondant au plan sagittal dans lequel la majeure partie du mouvement de marche s'effectue. L'architecture du routage de courroies découple les degrés de liberté et simplifie ainsi la commande de la plateforme en séparant chaque degré de liberté en système indépendant. Cette architecture augmente également le rendement des efforts articulaires transmis aux effecteurs comparativement à un système dont les degrés de liberté sont co-dépendants. La thèse introduit ensuite la commande mise en place pour l'interaction entre le mécanisme et l'opérateur. Les exigences cinématiques et dynamiques diffèrent selon la phase d'élancement et la phase d'appui de la marche. Ainsi, le chapitre 3 présente la stratégie mise en place dans la direction horizontale pour minimiser les forces d'interaction entre l'utilisateur et l'effecteur. La commande en force permet, dans un premier temps, de diminuer l'inertie apparente de l'effecteur ressentie par l'utilisateur. Par la suite, un mécanisme passif à câbles est utilisé en tant qu'interface pour réduire davantage l'impédance ressentie du système. Le chapitre 4, quant à lui, décrit la stratégie mise en place pour gérer la phase d'appui de la marche afin de générer la contrainte rigide nécessaire à la simulation du sol virtuel. Le chapitre introduit la commande pour générer la limite virtuelle ainsi que la mise en place du système d'équilibrage statique à ressort à gaz pour diminuer le travail des moteurs et supporter le poids de la personne. Finalement, le chapitre 5 introduit la commande haut niveau pour générer le mouvement infini sur l'interface de locomotion avec un algorithme de recul, ramenant l'utilisateur dans la direction opposée à son mouvement pour générer l'espace nécessaire aux prochaines phases de marche, dans la direction horizontale comme pour le fonctionnement d'un tapis de course et dans la direction verticale, comme pour le fonctionnement d'un escalier mécanique inversé.
This thesis summarizes the design of a locomotion interface for gait rehabilitation. The aim of the mechanism is to alleviate the workload of therapists by automating the repetitive movements involved in the rehabilitation exercises. Moreover, by offering a larger panel of exercises, the locomotion interface should be an asset compared to standard treadmills or rehabilitation walkways. Walking simulation is a challenge in terms of performance, power and safety since the mechanism includes the user in the workspace of the effectors. The balance of the user should be ensured during the swing phase with a reduced human-robot interaction and reliable during the stance phase. First, Chapter 1 describes the walking motion, the stair climbing up and down movement and highlights their main kinematic and dynamic features. Chapter 2 then introduces the architecture of the locomotion interface based on independent belt routings which transmit the movement to two end-effectors that carry the user. Each foot platform has two degrees of freedom (dofs) corresponding to the horizontal and vertical translations in the sagittal plane. Decoupling the dofs simplifies the control of the locomotion interface and increases the efficiency of the torque of the motor sent to the end-effectors compared to systems with co-dependent degrees-of-freedom. Then, the thesis presents the strategies used to supervise the human-robot interaction. The kinematic and dynamic requirements are different during the swing phase and the stance phase of the human gait. Therefore, Chapter 3 introduces the force controllers that lighten the apparent inertia of the mechanism as well as the additional mechanism based on passive cables in order to further alleviate the impedance of the effector. Chapter 4 presents the controller that generates the vertical virtual constraint in order to produce the required reliable floor during the stance phase. The rendering of the virtual environment is improved with the implementation of a static balancing system based on gas springs that alleviates the workload of the motors that handle the weight of the user. Finally, Chapter 5 introduces the cancellation algorithm that generates the infinite environment. Horizontally, the user is brought backward such as on a treadmill. Vertically, the user is moved in the opposite direction of his/her movement such as in a reversed escalator.
Ammoun, Samer. "Contribution des communications intervéhiculaires pour la conception de systèmes avancés d'aide à la conduite". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003671.
Texto completoMartin, Carole. "Conception, modélisation et planification de mouvements d'un robot de résection pour la neurochirurgie". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625531.
Texto completoLederlin, Thomas. "Conception et étude expérimentale et numérique d'un système de contrôle de trajectoire et mélange des jets de gaz dans les brûleurs à oxygène". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7537/1/lederlin1.pdf.
Texto completoFel, Fabienne. "Les trajectoires de mise en oeuvre des démarches d'ingénierie concourante". Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100089.
Texto completoA very large number of firms try today to speed up the avaibility of their new products in the market. To achieve this, they implement within their new product development process approaches known as concurrent engineering. These processes require both significant organizational changes and the use of computerized tools. Our research aims at defining and analysing the trajectories followed by companies during the implementation of these processes ; it also aims at studying the link between the followed trajectories and the result of the processes devoted to the speeding up of the development measured from the angle of time limits reduction. To achieve our goals, we conducted a study among 250 french firms from various industries. We gathered from these companies data regarding, on the one hand, the means and tools used for concurrent engineering, and on the other hand, the time when they were implemented. Our results prove the existence of very differentiated trajectories, althought some main trends can be identified. We suggest a classification of the trajectories along the two axes that most diffentiate these trajectories : the first axis regards the nature either brutal or progressive of the changes brought in the development process ; the second axis reviews the means implemented according to their type (organizational means or computerized tools). The analysis of the link between followed trajectories and the results of the concurrent engineering processes highlights the existence of a threshold effect, the latter requires the implementation of a large enough number of means of concurrent engineering to reduce development cycles. Our results also show the absence of a link between followed trajectories and the success or failure of development acceleration process
Doh, Prosper Kwaku. "Courbes paramétriques polynominales et formes matricielles du théorème binominal : Nouveaux outils fondamentaux pour la conception et fabrication assistée par ordinateur". Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10353.
Texto completoDoulcier, Joseph. "Implantation optimale d'un robot en fonction de la tâche à réaliser en environnement contraint. Analyse, synthèse et développement d'un module d'aide à l'implantation des robots". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENPC9301.
Texto completoLazarus, Carole. "L'échantillonnage compressif en IRM : conception optimisée de trajectoires d’échantillonnage pour accélérer l’IRM". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS309/document.
Texto completoMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful and safest imaging modalities for examining the human body. High-resolution MRI is expected to aid in the understanding and diagnosis of many neurodegenerative pathologies involving submillimetric lesions or morphological alterations, such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Although high-magnetic-field systems can deliver a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to increase spatial resolution, long scan times and motion sensitivity continue hindering the utilization of high resolution MRI. Despite the development of corrections for bulk and physiological motion, lengthy acquisition times remain a major obstacle to high-resolution acquisition, especially in clinical applications.In the last decade, the newly developed theory of compressed sensing (CS) offered a promising solution for reducing the MRI scan time. After having explained the theory of compressed sensing, this PhD project proposes an empirical and quantitative analysis of the maximum undersampling factor achievable with CS for T ₂ *-weighted imaging.Furthermore, the application of CS to MRI commonly relies on simple sampling patterns such as straight lines, spirals or slight variations of these elementary shapes, which do not take full advantage of the degrees of freedom offered by the hardware and cannot be easily adapted to fit an arbitrary sampling distribution. In this PhD thesis, I have introduced a method called SPARKLING, that may overcome these limitations by taking a radically new approach to the design of k-space sampling. The acronym SPARKLING stands for Spreading Projection Algorithm for Rapid K-space sampLING. It is a versatile method inspired from stippling techniques that automatically generates optimized non-Cartesian sampling patterns compatible with MR hardware constraints on maximum gradient amplitude and slew rate. These sampling curves are designed to comply with key criteria for optimal sampling: a controlled distribution of samples and a locally uniform k-space coverage. Before engaging into experiments, we verified that our gradient system was capable of executing the complex gradient waveforms. We implemented a local phase measurement method and we observed a very good adequacy between prescribed and measured k-space trajectories.Finally, combining sampling efficiency with compressed sensing and parallel imaging, the SPARKLING sampling patterns allowed up to 20-fold reductions in MR scan time, compared to fully-sampled Cartesian acquisitions, for T ₂ *-weighted imaging without deterioration of image quality, as demonstrated by our experimental results at 7 Tesla on in vivo human brains. In comparison to existing non-Cartesian sampling strategies (spiral and radial), the proposed technique also yielded superior image quality. Finally, the proposed approach was also extended to 3D imaging and applied at 3 Tesla for which preliminary results on ex vivo phantoms at 0.8 mm isotropic resolution suggest the possibility to reach very high acceleration factors up to 60 for T ₂ *-weighting and susceptibility-weighted imaging
Doulcier, Joseph. "Implantation optimale d'un robot en fonction d'une tâche à réaliser en environnement contraint. Analyse, synthèse et développement d'un module d'aide à l'implantation des robots". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523120.
Texto completoReyes, Carillo Tatiana. "L'éco-conception dans les PME : les mécanismes du cheval de Troie méthodologique et du choix de trajectoires comme vecteurs d'intégration de l'environnement en conception". Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274389.
Texto completoReyes, Carrillo Tatiana. "L'éco-conception dans les PME : les mécanismes du cheval de Troie méthodologique et du choix de trajectoires comme vecteurs d'intégration de l'environnement en conception". Toulon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274389/fr/.
Texto completoThis research proposes a new solution to fulfill the need to develop an accessible mechanism to implement sustainable design in the long term, based on 2 axes. The first axis relies on the clear identification of integration trajectories. This allows the company to guide the integration process on the long term. The second axis is based on an ecodesign tool that is conceived and developed by all the main participants in the design. This axis enables a progressive evolution of environmental performance within an organization. An investigation work has been done, with specific experts for the first axis and with ecodesign pioneers companies for the second axis. We call this second point mechanism a "methodological Trojan horse" approach ("MTH") because the underlying strategy is to introduce an appropriate pretext that enables collaborative work (the ecodesign tool has to be co-designed) and to supply the organization with the necessary skills to develop the tool at a later stage. The "MTH" approach facilitates the propagation of sustainable design knowledge at all levels within the company and thus allows the company to progress towards complete integration (from a partial sustainable design approach to an eco-innovation approach, integrating the requirements of sustainable development). The whole concept of this MTH was tested over a period of two years in the company Transfix that manufactures transformers. It has successfully highlighted the benefits of this integrated approach based on the "MTH" mechanism and guided by the "ecodesign tools and methods" integration trajectory
Blanchard, Benoît. "Contribution à la planification de trajectoires de robots manipulateurs dans un environnement connu convexe". Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2380.
Texto completoSoussi, Mohamed Ayet Allah Bilel. "Conception et réalisation d’un système d’information pour le calcul d’itinéraires destiné aux services d’urgence". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0859/document.
Texto completoThe present-day issue of looking for the most appropriate route is widely studied for various applications such as cycling or pedestrians, the interception of a mobile object, multimodal or combining means of transport.With this approach, our objective is to search for the best itinerary for emergency vehicles. Our study has been carried out in partnership with the SMUR (emergency medical assistance) in Le Mans, which has provided an operational context.Our research work firstly dealt with the records of the routes used by emergency vehicles so as to obtain a more accurate estimation of journey times. For this task, our methodology begins with a phase of modelising mobile objects using statistical analysis and data mining to reach phases of implementation and validation. During the modelisation phase, we propose the use of an approach that creates a link between modeling and management of mobile objects by Abstract Data Types (TAD) and conceptual modeling based on MADS. So as to improve estimation of journey time a method of Multiple Correspondence Analysis and a technique for creating trees and decision rules were used. For the validation process of journey time, we compared routes suggested by a research algorithm application for the shortest trip and the routes used by the emergency services.Secondly, so as to take into consideration time value and the uncertainty of journey time estimations due to disturbances, the mode depending on time with graph per interval and the notion of degree of optimism will be retained for the implementation of our calculator. We propose two versions of itinerary research: a single unique fastest route and the first k optimal routes. So as to minimize the risk of blocking, a second version is of benefit in the case of two emergency units leaving for the same intervention. Each will use a different route to maximize the chances of arriving on the scene quickly Intervention.The ultimate stage involved considering in real time the consequences of exceptional foreseen events (demonstrations, roadworks), changes in the physical characteristics of the road network, weather conditions and those that could not be predicted (traffic congestion and accidents) that can influence the choice of a route, for which we propose a system to help in the management of such a disturbance in real time
Andurand, Lewis. "Développement d'une méthode de génération de trajectoire versatile pour la réalisation de pièces par procédés DED multi-axes à partir de surfaces facettisées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOUL0001.
Texto completoAdditive manufacturing is a category of processes that allows the production of mechanical parts by the adding of material. Directed Energy Deposition (DED) processes can be combined with multi-axis robots and are a promising option to obtain parts with complex structures. However, the path generation methods and the machine structures used remain an issue. With innovations in these areas, the industrial possibilities would increase tenfold.This thesis presents a numerical and systematic path generation method based on meshed surfaces and adapted to DED processes. The method was validated through simulations on minimal triply periodic surfaces and allows the creation of a first deposition path that meets the distance constraint between the part and the tool. This first path can be combined with region prioritization feedback to obtain a final path adapted to the physical warnings provided by the robot, the manufacturing material and the tool
Reyes, Carrillo Tatiana Millet Dominique Brissaud Daniel. "L' éco-conception dans les PME les mécanismes du cheval de Troie méthodologique et du choix de trajectoires comme vecteurs d'intégration de l'environnement en conception /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274389/fr.
Texto completoGuo, Chunshi. "Conception des principes de coopération conducteur-véhicule pour les systèmes de conduite automatisée". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0020/document.
Texto completoGiven rapid advancement of automated driving (AD) technologies in recent years, major car makers promise the commercialization of AD vehicles within one decade from now. However, how the automation should interact with human drivers remains an open question. The objective of this thesis is to design, develop and evaluate interaction principles for AD systems that can cooperate with a human driver. Considering the complexity of such a human-machine system, this thesis begins with proposing two general cooperation principles and a hierarchical cooperative control architecture to lay a common basis for interaction and system design in the defined use cases. Since the proposed principles address a dynamic driving environment involving manually driven vehicles, the AD vehicle needs to understand it and to share its situational awareness with the driver for efficient cooperation. This thesis first proposes a representation formalism of the driving scene in the Frenet frame to facilitate the creation of the spatial awareness of the AD system. An adaptive vehicle longitudinal trajectory prediction method is also presented. Based on maneuver detection and jerk estimation, this method yields better prediction accuracy than the method based on constant acceleration assumption. As case studies, this thesis implements two cooperation principles for two use cases respectively. In the first use case of highway merging management, this thesis proposes a cooperative longitudinal control framework featuring an ad-hoc maneuver planning function and a model predictive control (MPC) based trajectory generation for transient maneuvers. This framework can automatically handle a merging vehicle, and at the mean time it offers the driver a possibility to change the intention of the system. In another use case concerning highway lane positioning and lane changing, a shared steering control problem is formulated in MPC framework. By adapting the weight on the stage cost and implementing dynamic constraints online, the MPC ensures seamless control transfer between the system and the driver while conveying potential hazards through haptic feedback. Both of the designed systems are evaluated through user tests on driving simulator. Finally, human factors issue and user’s perception on these new interaction paradigms are discussed
Zawislak, Paulo Antônio. "L'activité de conception : les trajectoires brésiliennes de l'industrie aéronautique et de l'industrie de la chaussure". Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070124.
Texto completoDegrés, Stéphane. "Proposition d'une demarche de conception posant les bases de la trajectoire technologique d'un futur equipement dans les pays du sud. Application a la recolte des olives en tunisie et a l'extraction d'amidon en colombie". Paris, ENSAM, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENAM0034.
Texto completoBoukraa, Djaber. "Sur la conception, la génération de trajectoires et la commande d'un avion autonome de faible dimension". Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2006/Interne/2006EVRY0027.pdf.
Texto completoThis work deals with the fixed wings unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) design, trajectories planning and control. The manuscript is organized as follows : The first part presents the process of design and the UAV modelling. In the second part we propose two algorithms. The first one allows to determining the trim configurations (state and control vectors) for different constraints and limitations to which it is subjected. The second algorithm is a trajectories planner; it uses like primitives a set of trim trajectories to reduce the complexity of the dynamical model. It generates the optimal trajectory by using bang-bang strategy. The last part of this manuscript presents a control technique based on output feedback linearization. This approach transforms the system into an equivalent linear system. This makes possible the use, after that, of any linear control approach
WANG, DEMING. "Contribution a la planification optimale de trajectoires de robots manipulateurs avec evitement d'obstacles". Paris, CNAM, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CNAM0153.
Texto completoHervagault, Yoann. "Conception et réalisation d'un système efficace de communication et de coordination au sein d'une flotille de drones aquatiques de surface". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT048.
Texto completoLes travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent à améliorer les performances du système SPYBOAT, une gamme de drones aquatiques de surface développés par l'entreprise CT2MC et destinés à la réalisation de missions de surveillance environementale en eau douce. Afin de pouvoir mener à bien leurs missions, le maintien de la communication radio avec ces équipements est primordial à la fois pour pouvoir envoyer de nouvelles instructions aux agents, et pour évaluer l'état d'avancement de la mission. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont donc complémentaires:- concevoir une antenne dédiée à un véhicule autonome de surface et contenue dans sa coque,- développer une stratégie de déploiement qui prend en compte la portée radio et les ressources de calcul limitées.Dans un premier temps, les paramètres dynamiques d'un des modèles SPYBOAT ont été identifiés au cours d'une campagne de mesures réalisée sur le Lac du Bourget (73). Le modèle dynamique est ensuite approfondi afin de mettre en évidence sa platitude qui sera utilisée lors de la génération des trajectoires de référence.Ensuite, les conditions particulières d'un point de vue radio-fréquence sont abordées telles que la proximité de l'eau, les faibles hauteurs et le voisinage d'éléments conducteurs. La topologie choisie consiste en un réseau d'antennes constitué de 3 monopoles semi-circulaires. Les performances de cette antenne ont été évaluées par simulation et confirmées par le biais de mesures effectuées sur des prototypes. Les résultats montrent que ces antennes offrent des performances comparables aux dipoles filaires classiquement utilisés dans ce domaine.Enfin, nous proposons un algorithme de génération d'une trajectoire de référence pour une flotte de drones exploitant la platitude des systèmes à contrôler. Les contraintes de portée induites par l'utilisation de l'antenne sont prises en compte afin de garantir le contact radio avec chaque agent. Cette étape d'optimisation est réalisée en amont de la mission afin de minimiser la tâche alouée au contrôleur, qui consiste en une commande LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) à gain variable. Cette stratégie de commande a été simulée et testée avec succès sur un système réel
Tournier, Christophe. "Contribution à la conception des formes complexes : la surface d'usinage en fraisage 5 axes isocrête". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366649.
Texto completoEsrafilian, Omid. "Learning from the sky : design of autonomous radio-enabled unmanned aerial vehicles in mobile cellular networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS307.
Texto completoThe use of UAVs in wireless networks has recently attracted significant attention. The first part of this thesis aims to investigate current works of UAV-aided wireless communications and develop novel methods for both the placement and path design of a UAV as a flying RAN in wireless networks. We highlight how the use of city 3D maps can bring substantial benefits for the reliable self-placement of flying radios.Regardless of the placement or path design, all algorithms operate on the basis of an array of information such as node GPS location, the city 3D map, etc. allowing the prediction of radio signal strengths. While such data may be collected via the network before the actual UAV flight, part or all of the information may also have to be learned by the UAV. In this regard, a part of this thesis is devoted to discussing how to learn such information from the UAV-borne measurements.Assuming the availability of safe cellular connectivity, UAVs are becoming promising for a wide range of applications such as transportation, etc. The main challenge in these areas is the design of trajectories that guarantee reliable cellular connectivity all along the path while allowing the completion of the UAV mission. Hence, in the second part of this thesis, we propose a novel approach for optimal path design between an initial and terminal points by leveraging on a coverage map. Lastly, we discuss the experimental verification of the placement algorithm of a UAV relay in LTE networks
Duc, Emmanuel. "Usinage de formes gauche : contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité des trajectoires d'usinage". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0034.
Texto completoPoidi, Kanina Irène. "Processus d'innovation dans l'entrepreneuriat : la place des artefacts dans l'activité en équipe-projet". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2010/document.
Texto completoThis thesis defends a model of entrepreneurship as a dynamic, global and systemic process, mediated by technologies. We present entrepreneurship as an activity in context, embodied in a culture, a story, an environment, and which develops itself through interactions. The moments of cooperation and coordination in localized teams, or multi-localized teams (Vacherand-Revel, 2017) constitute spaces of intersubjectivity (Zarifian 1996) in which different artefacts are used. We hypothesize that these artifacts in the activity will actively participate in the development of innovative entrepreneurial activity by providing support for team training, idea development, and design. Based on a qualitative and developmental methodological protocol, the analysis highlights several factors and resources of the activity, in particular the entrepreneurial training device, and the artefacts mobilized by the actors. These artifacts in the activity (Adé, 2000) are transformed into artifacts of the activity during instrumental genesis processes (Rabardel, 1995). They can then take a status of intermediate objects (Vinck, 1999, 2009) or boundary objects (Star, 2010, Vinck, 2009) within the activity. The analysis shows the predominant role of the innovation object, which is a common production of the team. It is both an outcome and a starting point for the development of intentions and the trajectory of the project. The innovation object arises from a process of design and creation (Almudever, 2012). This research shows the interdependence of the situations of cooperation and collective design in the formalization of the innovation object. The nature of the entrepreneurial project – an object built and under construction - highlights the interest of a dialogue between Activity theory and Action theories
Plante, Ianik. "Conception d'une interface informatique couplée à un code de simulation Monte-Carlo de la radiolyse de l'eau, permettant la visualisation en trois dimensions de la trajectoire d'une particule chargée incidente et de toutes les espèces radiolytiques formées en fonction du temps". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3393.
Texto completoBenhima, Abderrahim. "Contribution à l'optimisation dynamique de mouvements de robots-manipulateurs avec génération automatique des équations du problème optimal". Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2278.
Texto completoAl-Chami, Oussama. "Contribution à l'intégration Robotique/Vision en manipulation automatisée : modélisation de la tache, placement d'une caméra mobile et localisation fine d'objet". Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0118.
Texto completoJousselin, Baptiste. "Développement d'une méthodologie de génération de trajectoires d'ébauche en usinage 5 axes". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST061.
Texto completoThe complexity of the parts to be manufactured leads to an indispensable recourse to digital media for trajectory planning such as Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software. However, a real imbalance is noted between the wide range of 5-axis finishing operations currently available in CAM software and the lack of solutions for the roughing sequence, which can though improve the productivity of the overall machining process.This thesis manuscript therefore tackles the development of a simultaneous 5-axis toolpath planning methodology for the roughing sequence. Guiding curves are used to create a geometric path which allows the tool to travel the whole volume to remove, and thus ensure a maximum material removal. Guiding curves are built automatically from the numerical model of the workpiece and implemented algorithms for calculating curve and surface offsets using vector methods or scalar fields. The orientations of the tool along the guiding curves are then determined by a Sequential Quadratic Programming algorithm, according to criteria of productivity, tool behaviour, and surface quality, by searching for a specific parameterization of the guiding curves.The implementation of the 5-axis roughing strategy in the TopSolid CAM software enabled machining tests with toroidal cutter, which allowed the strategy's validation on typical parts of the aerospace industry
Nayet, Aymeric. "Improvement of a trajectory optimization software for future Ariane missions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS591.
Texto completoThis thesis work is about the improvement of an ArianeGroup in-house software dedicated to the optimization of launcher trajectories. The original version is able to find a minimum consumption trajectory for an upper stage of a three-stage launcher outside the atmosphere in one or two boosts through a fully automatic method. The goal is to build on this existing work to create a method capable of finding an upper stage trajectory for a two-stage launcher. The specificity is that the stage has a lower initial velocity, a heavier mass and it is ignited at a lower altitude. The improvements also concern the addition of a maximum thermal flux constraint, a ballistic duration constraint and a fairing jettisoning constraint on a thermal flux criterion. Moreover, the new software is now able to target different combinations of orbital parameters. We take advantage of the work done on two-stage launchers to make the software capable of jettisoning a lower stage and thus optimizing the transfer of a three-stage launcher since the ejection of boosters. All these improvements are based on subsequent mathematical developments and novelties about hybrid optimal control problems, in particular when the dynamics of the problem is that of the flight of a launcher
Cardoso, Marques José Alexandre. "Trajectoire portugaise". Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030169.
Texto completoThis thesis + portuguese trajectory ;, is the result of a long research in documentary film-making through photography, film and video, of the immigrant portuguese population in the region of paris, during the period of 1984-1998. About 100 individuals were interviewed. The images record their experiences, from 1960-1970, to find lodging and employment and - in the 30 years that followed - portray their efforts to participate in the economic and cultural, artistic and scientific life in the country which accepted them - while at the same time they tried to maintain their unique personalities and cultural heritage, as well as participate in the economic life and development of their country of origin. Between 1984 and 1997, a large amount of footage was made that was based on interviews, reports and varieties of other documented materials. At the same time, an analysis was continually made during this research in order to develop an approach and understanding of these people who balanced their lives between the country of their origin and france. This is, in fact, a mixed thesis which aims to establish a relationship between film and text. The purpose of the film is to establish a record of image and sound for the future. Considering all the new ways we have to communicate, the camera certainly permits us to film reality - and isn't the documentary film the best mean of expression ? note - in this thesis of 605 pages, 308 are devoted to the description of the daily life of this people. The balance of the study is a more detailed discussion of the film-making techniques
Lavernhe, Sylvain. "Prise en compte des contraintes associées au couple MO-CN en génération de trajectoires 5 axes UGV". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00362983.
Texto completoCes travaux portent sur l'optimisation de l'usinage 5 axes UGV au travers de l'étude des trajectoires et de leur suivi. Après avoir analysé le processus de réalisation des trajectoires et identifié les limites associées, un modèle d'évaluation des performances cinématiques lors du suivi est développé ; il permet de détecter les portions critiques des trajets ainsi que les éléments limitants. Une structure d'optimisation, basée sur un modèle de description surfacique des trajets est ensuite présentée. L'optimisation de l'orientation de l'axe de l'outil, tenant compte des contraintes précédentes y est plus spécifiquement étudiée pour évaluer la faisabilité d'une telle démarche.
Krüger, Leonardo Germano. "AS CONCEPÇÕES DA FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DA LICENCIATURA EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: TRAJETÓRIAS DOCENTES E SUAS PERSPECTIVAS CONTRIBUTIVAS". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7257.
Texto completoEste epítome refere-se à investigação inserida na Linha de Pesquisa Formação Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional (PPGE/CE/UFSM). O objetivo foi compreender as concepções da formação de professores da nova Licenciatura em Educação Física do CEFD/UFSM a partir da trajetória docente dos professores envolvidos no processo de construção e implantação do projeto político-pedagógico e reestruturação curricular do ano de 2004 (CEIPPP/RC). A metodologia caracterizou-se como qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso. Participaram da investigação quatro professores-personagem representantes da CEIPPP/RC, os quais, através da narrativa oral realizaram os seus relatos. Além das narrativas foi possível ter acesso ao projeto político-pedagógico e das Atas registradas durante os encontros da CEIPPP/RC. Para a análise das informações buscou-se a identificação dos focos temáticos através da técnica da redução gradual do texto. Neste sentido, as narrativas assumiram um caráter biográfico de como os professores se mostram quando falam de si, da profissão e do contexto, o que permitiu assentar a formação e suas concepções na sua trajetória de vida. As categorias construídas a partir da narrativa dos professores-personagem expressam as suas concepções, as quais se identificam com a visão holística e ecológica que preconiza o projeto políticopedagógico: a conscientização em assumir a construção de um projeto educativo entrelaçado com o entendimento de que o processo interrelacional é capaz de produzir mudanças a partir de novas aprendizagens, as quais foram percebidas como reflexo da atuação de si próprio durante o processo de construção do PPP e da reestruturação curricular. Assim, foi importante observarmos como os distintos momentos experienciados pelos professores-personagem na sua trajetória formativa os influenciaram na edificação das suas concepções, sendo considerados, portanto, como personagem da nossa investigação porque foram sujeitos da própria história que contaram
Salaün, Rémi. "L'héritage touristique. Trajectoire d'un lieu périurbain : trajectoire d'un lieu périurbain : la forêt de Fontainebleau". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H126/document.
Texto completoTourist place since the 19th century, the forest of Fontainebleau knows a paradoxical situation since the 1960's. The estimation of his attendance is increasing, passer-by from 9 million in 1969 to 17 million in 1999. At the same time, the set of the tourist services disappears in the forest. Around the forest, the territory knows a decrease of the number of tourist beds. Exurbanisation pulled a residential transition where an important part of second homes became main homes. This process brings us to reflect about the evolution of the practices and the representations of the place. The objective of this thesis is to study the trajectory of the place by questioning its tourist inheritance. Our research leans on an ethnographical survey c the recreational practices in the forest of Fontainebleau and the associative tissue in the territory of Fontainebleau. Also, we study a documentary corpus mobilizing archives, artistic works and tourist literature. The forest of Fontainebleau constitutes a laboratory to question the notion of tourism with regard to the modem perception of the wilderness area. It also allows to wonder about the power of places builds by the tourism in inhabitants' anchoring of the territory and the conflicts which it can engender
Blume, G. Gerhardt. "The critical trajectory of the Nozickean philosophy : from social atomism and a libertarian doctrine grounded thereupon to an interpretive-holistic conception of identity reaching toward a Post-Modern politic /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22515.pdf.
Texto completoPiot, Élisabeth. "Légereté-pesanteur : trajectoire de sculpture". Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0015.
Texto completoThis thesis is approached through the prism of my own practice of sculpture. My sculpture is positioned through soft materials in a perspective of proven experience in undergoing the same constraints as my own body, which also seeks balance and position. Under the auspices of the dialectic of lightness and heaviness, I reinvested in my theoretical discourse gestures and directions as the center of my own artistic work through terms and concepts that are familiar to me. These concepts are experienced through a selected history of the sculpture of the twentieth century. I perceive a community of attitude, gestures and choices to form the aim of its presence in space and time. In the first part, the problem of the mind-body dichotomy is approached through a path between the sculpture, the look and the speech carried on it. On the second part, I address the issue of presence against that of representation by analyzing the question of repetition as well as the work that reflects the choice to let go or let the proper behavior of the material be. These actions which involve a dispossession sometimes tend to describe what it is to hold on and to resist. This paradox opens the third part in which the process of implementing and updating the presentation of the work is questioned. Finally, in order to identify the conditions of the phenomenological experience specific to the sculpture, the work of this thesis concludes with the study of the concept of presence in the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty. This thesis conceives the creation of the sculpture and its perception as a bundle of "trajectories of gravities" [Krauss, 1994]
Chimhande, Tinoda. "Design research towards improving understanding of functions : a South African case study". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40185.
Texto completoThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
unrestricted
Fortin, Mathieu. "Les faisceaux optiques avec trajectoire courbée". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27604.
Texto completoWe propose a strategy to curve the trajectory of the central lobe of a zero order Bessel beam Jo(αr) along its propagation axis. The proposed method involves modifying the phase of the beam incident on an adaptive mirror. We show that the central lobe of the beam can be propagated along parabolic and cubic trajectories while preserving its symmetry. Theoretical simulations were reproduced in laboratory using an adaptive liquid mirror. The parabolic trajectory of the 60-micron central spot of a Jo(αr) beam exhibits a 0.6-mm off axis shift after 30-cm propagation. The versatility of the adaptive liquid mirror allows producing other beam shapes and trajectories. For example, it is possible to split the central lobe of a Bessel beam in two (Y shape); it is also possible to modify the diameter of a tunnel beam during the propagation a higher-order J₁(αr) Bessel beam. Comparison with Airy beams and potential applications in guided-wave optics will be discussed.
Maillot, Thibault. "Planification de trajectoire pour drones de combat". Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954584.
Texto completoTourangeau, Kathleen. "Trajectoire ascendante de Blanche Lamontagne (1889-1918)". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24332/24332.pdf.
Texto completoEdighoffer, Jean-René. "Entreprises en difficultés et trajectoire de déclin". Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090055.
Texto completoPerron, Mathieu. "Jacques Labrecque : trajectoire d'un "diffuseur du folklore"". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28604.
Texto completoPetiot, Jean-François. "Contribution à l'ordonnancement de trajectoire en robotique". Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2015.
Texto completoHima, Salim. "Planification de trajectoire pour des dirigeables autonomes". Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EVRY0031.
Texto completoThe main work in this thesis deals with the problem of trajectory planning for autonomous airships. In the first part, we exposed a mathematical model governing the motion of the airships. The second part is devoted to characterization of admissible trajectories. The choice is made on the trim trajectories, which occupy a particular place in aviation applications. We proposed an algorithm that allows the calculation of the trim minimizing energy, suitable for long duration missions. The third part consists in formulating the problem of planning in a Hybrid Automata form named Motion automata. Its nodes are represented by trim trajectories, while its edges correspond to transitions maneuvres between trim’s. Analysing controllability of motion automaton is possible by exploiting the properties of trim trajectories. In this context, nominal trajectory is given by concatenating a finite number of primitives