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Orellana-Palma, P., G. Petzold, I. Andana, N. Torres y C. Cuevas. "Retention of Ascorbic Acid and Solid Concentration via Centrifugal Freeze Concentration of Orange Juice". Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5214909.
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Freeze concentration of liquid foods produces high-quality concentrates while retaining the heat-labile compounds found in fresh samples. Centrifugal freeze concentration is a cryoconcentration method assisted by an external force, centrifugation, to enhance the separation of concentrate from the ice. When applying centrifugal freeze concentration to orange juice, after the third cryoconcentration cycle, the ascorbic acid content in the concentrate showed retention close to 70% of the initial value. After the third cycle, the solutes in the concentrate increased 4 times the initial value of the fresh sample with 70% efficiency. The color evaluation showed that the final concentrated fraction was darker than the fresh juice. The centrifugal freeze concentration in orange juice was effective for obtaining a high-quality concentrate with a higher concentration of solids and ascorbic acid retention.
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Pelevin, A. E. "Ways of efficiency increasing of iron ore raw materials concentration technology". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, n.º 2 (10 de marzo de 2019): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-2-137-146.
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Iron ore raw materials quality to a great extent determines technical and economic indices of metallurgical production. A brief characteristic of main types of iron ores of Russia quoted. It was shown, that they require concentration for utilization them in metallurgical production. Concentration flow charts of main types of iron ores considered. Main ways of iron ore raw materials concentration flow charts perfection directed on concentrates quality increase, concentration specific costs decrease and increase of raw materials utilization complexity. At Lebedinsky mining and concentration complex (MCC) at the expense of additional milling and concentration of high quality concentrate, a super-concentrate is produced having the iron mass content no less than 69.5% and silica content no more than 3.5%. The increase of iron mass content is 1.5–2%. At Mikhajlovsky MCC additional concentration of regular concentrate with iron mass content 65.5–66% enables to produce a super-concentrate having the iron mass content no less than 69% and silica mass content no more than 3%. The increase of iron mass content is 3–3.5%. Fine hydraulic screening is used at Kostomuksha and Kovdor MCCs for adjusting of regular concentrates. The undersize of sizing screens is a high quality concentrate, and oversize fraction is an intermediate product subjected to additional milling and concentration. When using the fine hydraulic screening, the super-concentrates are not obtained. Indices of super-concentrates production with application of separation in an alternative magnetic field quoted. Low complexity of iron ore raw materials utilization is typical at concentration of hematitemagnetite quartzite ores. In Russia the hematite-magnetite quartzite ores are mined and concentrated at three MCCs as follows: Olenegorsky, Mikhajlovsky and Kimkano-Sutarsky. Flow-charts and indices of magneto-gravitation concentration quoted, applied for hematite concentrate production. Stage separation of not only tails but also of concentrates is one of methods of expenses decreasing. A diagram of concentrate stage separation with application of concentration method or fine screening considered. Results of industrial application of flow-charts with concentrate stage separation quoted, the application taken place at Kachkanar MCC with application of two methods – wet magnetic concentration and fine hydraulic screening.
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Pimentel, Joabe Jobson de Oliveira, Rogério de Paula Lana, André Soares de Oliveira, Rafael Monteiro Araújo Teixeira y Daniel Carneiro de Abreu. "Dairy cows feeding with sorghum silage supplemented with concentrate". Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 43, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2013): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-40632013000300013.
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Concentrated feed can be used to increase the milk yield in dairy farms. However, the feeding cost increases when concentrates are used and, sometimes, farmers lose competitiveness, if the cows do not produce what is expected with supplementation. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the nutrients intake, milk yield and composition and live weight change of dairy cows fed with sorghum silage alone or supplemented with concentrates. Nine crossbred cows (Holstein-Gyr) were allocated in three balanced Latin squares and fed with sorghum silage supplemented with minerals (0.2 kg) or with 2.6 kg (38.5% of crude protein) or 5.0 kg (20% of crude protein) of concentrate per day, aiming at supplying the same amount of crude protein (1.0 kg day-1). The dry matter intake and milk yield were higher for the cows fed with concentrate, independently of its protein level. The productive response (in kg of milk per kg of concentrate) was 1.67 and 0.83, respectively for the low and high supplemental levels. The cows that received only minerals lost weight, while those fed with concentrate gained weight. The cows which produced 13.0 kg of milk day-1 showed a higher increase in milk yield when fed with supplements containing high protein and mineral contents. The response for milk production per kg of concentrate was higher when lower amounts of concentrate with high protein and mineral levels were used, allowing a reduction in the production costs.
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Mitrofanova, Galina, Valentina Marchevskaya y Anastasiya Taran. "Flotation separation of titanite concentrate from apatite-nepheline-titanite ores of anomalous zones of the Khibiny deposits". Записки Горного института 256 (10 de noviembre de 2022): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2022.81.
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Titanium raw materials are widely used for the synthesis of various functional materials – sorbents of radionuclides and rare earth elements, various additives, filler pigments, etc. Since most of titanium concentrates are imported, in line with the import substitution program, production of titanite concentrate from apatite-nepheline ores of the Khibiny deposits is a promising trend for supplying national industry with titanium raw materials. The article presents the results of laboratory studies of flotation separation of titanite concentrate from apatite-nepheline-titanite ores extracted from the upper ore horizon of the Koashvinskoye deposit, where titanite-enriched ores are concentrated. Recovery of titanite concentrate was accomplished using two reagent modes – a mixture of alkyl hydroxamic and carboxylic acids with the addition of distilled tall oil and a mixture of tall oils with the addition of polyalkyl benzene sulfonic acids. The results of the research showed that the first flotation mode, which allows a selective recovery of titanite into the concentrate (titanite content in the concentrate was 93.5 %) is the most efficient. It was shown that flotation separation of titanite concentrate is preferable compared to the chemical method based on sulfuric acid leaching.
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Mayne, C. S. y J. G. Doherty. "The effect of fine grinding or sodium hydroxide treatment of wheat, offered as part of a concentrate supplement, on the performance of lactating dairy cows". Animal Science 63, n.º 1 (agosto de 1996): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135772980002823x.
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AbstractA study was conducted to examine the effect of fine grinding or sodium hydroxide treatment of wheat, and increasing concentrate food level, on milk production. Two concentrates based either on ground wheat (450 g/kg, GW) or sodium hydroxide treated wheat (500 g/kg, SW) were offered at four concentrate levels of 2·5, 5·0, 7·5 and 10·0 kg dry matter (DM) per day to 24 dairy cows in a three-period, change-over design experiment. On average, across all concentrate food levels, silage DM intake was significantly (P < 0·01) higher with the SW concentrates, reflecting a significantly lower silage substitution rate with SW relative to GW concentrates (P < 0·01). Milk yield was also significantly higher with the SW concentrates (P < 0·05), although marginal responses to increased concentrate food level were similar (P > 0·05). Milk protein concentration increased linearly with increasing concentrate food level (P < 0·001), with a significantly greater response with the GW relative to the SW concentrate (0·59 v. 0·24 g/kg (P < 0·05) increase per kg additional concentrate). However, milk protein concentration was also significantly lower with the GW concentrate at low food levels (P < 0·05). Milk fat concentrations were similar with the two concentrate types with significant reductions in milk fat concentration with increasing concentrate food level (P < 0·05). Blood urea (P < 0·001) and β-hydroxybutyrate (P < 0·05) concentrations were significantly lower in animals offered the SW concentrate. Apparent digestibility coefficients were unaffected by either concentrate type or concentrate food level (P > 0·05), although modified acid-detergent fibre apparent digestibility was significantly reduced with increasing concentrate food level (P < 0·001). Results indicate that, at similar levels of concentrate feeding, silage intake and milk yield were significantly greater with SW compared with GW concentrates (P < 0·05 or greater). Increases in milk protein concentration with increasing concentrate food level were significantly greater with GW than with SW concentrates (P < 0·05).
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Al-Hassoon, Ahmed Sh. "Processing of fish protein concentrate by using saline concentrates and study some of its quality". IRAQI JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE 10, n.º 1 (2013): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijaq.2013.10.1.4.
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Abun, Abun, Tuti Widjastuti y Kiki Haetami. "Effect of the Nutrient Concentrate in Ration on Performance of Local Chickens". European Journal of Zoology 1, n.º 1 (10 de agosto de 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejzoo.2022.1.1.8.
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Efforts towards improving the quality of shrimp waste are through bioprocess using Bacillus licheniformis service, Lactobacillus sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to obtain a quality product (Nutrient Concentrate) to meet the needs of local chicken's nutrition. The study's objective was to obtain an adequate level of use of Nutrient Concentrate in the local chicken ration during the growth phase. Research using the experimental method in the laboratory. The experimental design used was a complete randomized design, consisting of 6 treatment rations (R0 = low protein ration (15%), R1 = Ration containing 5% concentrated nutrient, R2 = Ration containing 10% concentrate nutrient R3 = Ration containing 15% nutrient Concentrate R4 = Ration contains 20% concentrate nutrient, and RS = high protein ration (18%) and each is repeated 5 times. The data were analysed by variance, and the differences between treatments were tested by Duncan's multiple range test. The results of the research were: (1) The best growth of local chickens (consumption of ration, weight gain, and ration efficiency) was given by ration containing 10% concentrate nutrient (15% ration protein) and the equivalent of high protein ration (protein ration 18 %), and (2) Nutrient concentrates can be used up to 20% in a local chicken ration of growth phase without affecting chicken health (erythrocytes = 1.87-2.20 × 106, leukocytes = 29.08-37,72 × 103, and haematocrit = 30.80-33.80%).
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Ivković, Zoran, Clemens Sialm y Scott Weisbenner. "Portfolio Concentration and the Performance of Individual Investors". Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 43, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2008): 613–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000004233.
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AbstractThis paper tests whether information advantages help explain why some individual investors concentrate their stock portfolios in a few stocks. Stock investments made by households that choose to concentrate their brokerage accounts in a few stocks outperform those made by households with more diversified accounts (especially among those with large portfolios). Excess returns of concentrated relative to diversified portfolios are stronger for stocks not included in the S&P 500 index and local stocks, potentially reflecting concentracted investors' successful exploitation of information asymmetries. Controlling for households' average investment abilities, their trades and holdings perform better when their portfolios include fewer stocks.
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Rani, Jyoti, Anil Shelke, Bharti Bansal y Vinay Gautam. "Concentrate development from Litchi Juice and quality evaluation during storage". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012072.
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Abstract An attempt has been made to concentrate Litchi juice using fresh juice, using class-II preservatives via laboratory scale single stage single effect glass evaporator with vacuum in a batch. Two litchi varieties viz. Dehradun and Seedless late were procured from the Regional Fruit Research Station, Gangian (Distt. Hoshiarpur) and processing was done at Food Science and Technology department (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab) pilot-plant. The extraction of juice was attempted via screw-based juice extractor with subsequent muslin cloth filtration. The filtered juice was divided into two lots of which one was concentrated via evaporation while another was preserved using 2000 ppm potassium metabisulphite in glass bottles for later on concentration. The juice was concentrated at 50-55oC temperature with a vacuum of 27-30 inches of Hg. The final concentration of juice was maintained at 80 oBrix in all the cases. Product was packed in pearl pet jars and was stored at ambient room temperature (12-38 oC) (RT) and low temperature (LT) i.e., refrigerated (0-4oC) for 6 months periodic quality evaluation like physico-chemical because of storage. Stored product was analyzed at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months interval for various storage physico-chemical changes like TSS, pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, sugars, browning, pectin, viscosity, tannins and sensory quality. The result outcome proposed that seedless variety yield more juice, pulp and less seed in comparison to Dehradun variety while the sensory characteristics were found more acceptable in Dehradun variety rather than Seedless variety. Physico-chemical properties observed in concentrates from both litchi varieties doesn’t show much difference but a clear difference can be seen room temperature stored concentrate to low temperature stored concentrate. The flow behavior for the concentrates was found to be decreasing slightly with storage period as compared to controls. However, considerable decrease in flow behavior index was observed for the concentrates prepared from Dehradun variety stored at low temperature for 6 months to the seedless variety. The consistency index values has shown positive drift with extending storage time especially for those low temperature concentrates. So, it can be said concentrates from both varieties could be commercially produced with acceptable sensory characteristics.
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Konovalov, A. M., M. A. Lomskov, S. L. Nesterchuk y V. A. Ostapenko. "The effect of the concentrated antioxidant mixture “Eurotiox Concentrate Dry” on the safet of the feed mixture for minks". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 979, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/979/1/012017.
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Abstract The article presents studies of the concentrated antioxidant mixture “Eurotiox Concentrate Dry” when it is used in the feed mixture of young minks. Organoleptic parameters of feed mixture are analyzed. The results of chemical analysis of native feed mixture (without Eurotiox Concentrate Dry) and feed mixture using a concentrated antioxidant mixture are presented. The authors revealed that the feed mixture for minks when using Eurotiox Concentrate Dry retains its quality indicators in the permissible concentration. The use of a concentrated antioxidant mixture Eurotiox concentrate Dry, has a stabilizing effect on the feed mixture for minks during the storage.
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Jatnika, A. R., M. Yamin, R. Priyanto y L. Abdullah. "Komposisi Dan Karateristik Jaringan Karkas Domba Ekor Tipis Yang Diberi Ransum Berbasis Indigofera zollingeriana Pada Sistem Pemeliharaan Yang Berbeda". Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 7, n.º 3 (31 de octubre de 2019): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.7.3.111-119.
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This study aimed to find out the compoSItion and distribution of thin-tailed sheep’s carcas tissue fed with green concentrate feed on the different breeding system. A total of 20 female thin-tailed sheep around 1 year old with an average initial weight of 18.3 ± 2.01, intenSIvely and semi-intenSIvely nurture for 119 days. Feed was given in the form of brachiaria humidicola grass and green concentrate with commercial concentrate as a control. Green concentrates and commercial concentrates are given in the morning at 07.00 and grass is given at 11.00, with a ratio of 40:60%. Concentrates were given with different nurture systems was carried out with four treatments, namely five sheep grazed for 6 hours with commercial concentrate feed (SIKK), five sheep grazed for 6 hours with green concentrate feed (SIIZ), five sheep grounded with grass feed and commercial concentrates (IKK), and five sheep are grounded with grass feed and green concentrate (IIZ). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized factorial pattern with 2×2 treatments and 5 replications with initial weights as a correction factor. The results showed that sheep that were given green concentrates had lower weight, carcass weight, lower fat weight compared to commercial concentrates. However, with semi-intenSIve nurture it produces weight and percentage of muscle that is not much different from sheep that are given commercial concentrates.
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French, P., E. G. O’Riordan, P. O’Kiely, P. J. Caffrey y A. P. Moloney. "Intake and growth of steers offered different allowances of autumn grass and concentrates". Animal Science 72, n.º 1 (febrero de 2001): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800055624.
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AbstractThe aim of this experiment was to quantify the relationship between autumn grass supply and concentrate supplementation level on grass intake and animal performance. One hundred and ten continental steers (567 kg) were assigned to 10 treatments. The experimental design was a three grass allowances (6, 12 and 18 kg dry matter (DM) per head daily) by three concentrate levels: (0, 2·5 and 5 kg per head daily) factorial with a positive control group offered concentrates ad libitum and no grass. Grass allowance was offered daily and concentrates were given individually. The experiment began on 22 August and all animals were slaughtered after a mean experimental period of 95 days. Grass intake was calculated using the n-alkane technique and diet digestibility using ytterbium acetate as an indigestible marker. There was an interaction (P < 0·05) between grass allowance and concentrate level for grass intake. At the low grass allowance there was no effect of offering animals supplementary concentrates on grass intake, at the medium and high grass allowances, supplementary concentrates reduced grass intake by 0·43 and 0·81 kg DM respectively per kg DM concentrate offered. Increasing grass allowance increased (P < 0·001) complete diet organic matter (OM) digestibility at all concentrate levels and supplementary concentrates increased (P < 0·001) complete diet OM digestibility only at the low grass allowance. Both offering animals supplementary concentrates (P < 0·001) and increasing daily grass allowance (P < 0·001) increased their carcass growth rate. Relative to the animals offered the low grass allowance and no concentrate, supplementing with concentrate increased carcass growth by 116 g/kg concentrate DM eaten whereas increasing the grass allowance, increased carcass growth by 38 g/kg DM grass eaten. As a strategy for increasing the performance of cattle grazing autumn grass, offering supplementary concentrates offers more scope than altering grass allowance.
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Sloan, B. K., P. Rowlinson y D. G. Armstrong. "Milk production in early lactation dairy cows given grass silagead libitum: Influence of concentrate energy source, crude protein content and level of concentrate allowance". Animal Production 46, n.º 3 (junio de 1988): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100018936.
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ABSTRACTThere is increasing interest in how the raw material make-up of concentrates can influence the milk performance of dairy cows. Thus, over two consecutive winters, 54 dairy cows were used to investigate the effects on dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield and its composition of feeding concentrates of diverse energy source (LNDF — 131 g neutral-detergent fibre per kg DM, 492 g starch plus sugars per kg DM; HNDF — 244 g neutral-detergent fibre per kg DM, 293 g starch plus sugar per kg DM) at two formulated crude protein (CP) levels (157v.187 g/kg DM) and three levels of concentrate allowance (9, 11, 13 kg DM). The concentrates were formulated to be of equivalent metabolizable energy concentration (MJ/kg DM) and were offered with silagead libitumfor a 10-week period (weeks 4 to 13 of lactation).Silage intakes were variable but not significantly influenced by concentrate energy source or formulated CP level, except in the 1st year where animals consuming the high CP concentrate ate more silage. Silage DM intake decreased as concentrate allowance was increased with the substitution rate (kg silage DM per kg concentrate DM) increasing as concentrate allowance was increased.Increasing the concentrate allowance effected the expected increases in milk yield. Concentrate energy source did not influence milk yield but the higher CP levels effected a 2-kg increase in milk yield. Feeding of LNDF concentrates depressed milk fat concentration and its yield, the depression being accentuated with each increase in concentrate allowance. The depression in milk fat concentration was negatively correlated with the forage: concentrate ratio of the diet consumed. Furthermore, dietary NDF proportion was shown to account for greater than half of the variation in milk fat concentration. In contrast to the observations made for milk fat, feeding the LNDF concentrates effected an increase in milk protein concentration but only at the lower CP level of the concentrate.
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Galevskii, G. V., O. A. Polyakh, V. V. Rudneva y A. E. Anikin. "Analysis of the current state of molybdenum mineral and raw material base, mining and processing of molybdenum-containing ores". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, n.º 7 (11 de agosto de 2020): 665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-665-675.
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Molybdenum has a complex of practically significant properties and is widely used for alloying steels and cast irons, in the composition of alloys of various purposes, as well as a structural material in pure form. Molybdenum belongs to the group of rare metals, which causes the relevance of analytical research of the modern state of the mineral- raw material base of molybdenum, extraction and processing of molybdenum-containing ores. The results of analysis of the mineral-raw material base of molybdenum of foreign countries and Russia, assessment of prospects of its expansion are presented. The confirmed world molybdenum resources amount to 12 million tons, including domestic – 2 million tons. 75% of molybdenum reserves are concentrated in the USA, China, Chile, Peru and Canada. Description of the types of deposits of molybdenum, copper-molybdenum and molybdenum-tungsten ores, the main types of molybdenum minerals has been quoted. Methods of ore concentration of various composition for production of molybdenum concentrates, additional enrichment of molybdenum concentrate and industrial practice of molybdenum concentrate processing are considered. In terms of ore quality domestic and foreign raw material base of molybdenum are comparable. 63% of domestic production of molybdenum-containing ores is provided by OJSC “Sorsky GOK”, 33% – OJSC “Zhirekenskiy GOK”. These enterprises produce molybdenum concentrates of grades КМФ-5, КМФ-6, КМФ-7. Their production capacity is about 12 thousand tons of concentrate per year. Molybdenum concentrates are processed by pyro- and hydrometallurgical methods and are an industrial product for production of ferromolybdenum and its chemical compounds. The total capacity of molybdenum concentrate processing plants is 300 thousand tons per year.
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Ozawa, Sherri y Tiffany Nelson. "Clinical Application of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in Blood Management in Patients". Critical Care Nurse 37, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2017): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2017333.
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Management of patients receiving anticoagulants is a major factor in achieving better outcomes. Anticoagulant therapy may need to be discontinued or rapidly reversed before urgent surgery or invasive procedures. In these situations, treatment with concentrated vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma, and/or clotting factors can achieve more rapid anticoagulant reversal than can drug discontinuation alone. Activated prothrombin complex concentrate is used to treat hemophiliac patients with acquired factor VIII inhibitors. Nonactivated prothrombin complex concentrates are used for anticoagulant reversal. The concentrates are effective within minutes of dosing, providing a nearly immediate decrease in the international normalized ratio. The concentrates are lyophilized powders that can be quickly reconstituted, do not require ABO blood typing before use, and contain 25 times the concentration of vitamin K–dependent clotting factors compared with fresh frozen plasma. Studies suggest that the concentrates are associated with better clinical end points than is fresh frozen plasma.
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Coşkun, Özgenur, Halime Pehlivanoğlu y İbrahim Gülseren. "Pilot Plant Scale Manufacture of Bread Enriched with Seed Protein Concentrates". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, n.º 6 (2 de julio de 2021): 991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.991-997.3925.
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For many seeds, cold press technology generates higher quantities of cakes than seed oils, which are concentrated in proteins. Valorization of the cakes could offer a viable strategy to manufacture protein fortified foods with comparable characteristics as the conventional products. Here, black cumin, grape seed and pumpkin seed protein concentrates were prepared based on an alkaline extraction-isoelectric precipitation technique. The influence of protein concentrate addition on the flour, dough and bread characteristics were investigated for textural profile, gluten quality and visual characteristics including color attributes. While the interactions between gluten and seed proteins were mostly weak, some of the physicochemical attributes differed significantly. In terms of volume and visual characteristics, pumpkin seed protein concentrates enriched bread demonstrated similar characteristics as the controls, while black cumin or grape seed protein concentrate enriched wheat flours were more resistant and less extensible than the controls. Similarities and differences between controls and protein enriched gluten-free or gluten-bearing bread were discussed.
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Maťašovský, Michal, Martin Sisol, Michal Marcin y Peter Uhlík. "The Possibility of Separation of Heavy Minerals as Byproduct of the Danube River Gravel Sand Extraction". Minerals 12, n.º 6 (24 de mayo de 2022): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12060659.
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The history of exploitation of gold from the Danube River’s sandy gravels is centuries long. The extraction of valuable heavy minerals (VHM) concentrate was never intended. Our aim is to find out an effective separation process to produce monomineral concentrates of the following minerals: garnet, ilmenite, zircon, monazite, magnetite, rutile, gold. The essential condition is to use no chemistry (no flotation, leaching, activating). The experimental concentrates were prepared by sluicing on active river channel. Next, the separation results were achieved using gravity and electromagnetic methods with different magnetic intensities. The prepared rutile contained from 63.3% TiO2 to 87% TiO2. The ilmenite concentrate contained 20.5% TiO2 and 39.2% ilmenite. The garnet concentrate contained 94% garnet. The monazite concentrate contained 86.6% monazite, and the sum of REE oxides was 50.1%. The zircon concentrate containing 63.7% ZrO2 means that the prepared concentrate contained 96.1% zircon.
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Mannucci, PM, PM Tenconi, G. Castaman y F. Rodeghiero. "Comparison of four virus-inactivated plasma concentrates for treatment of severe von Willebrand disease: a cross-over randomized trial". Blood 79, n.º 12 (15 de junio de 1992): 3130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v79.12.3130.3130.
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Abstract Until recently, cryoprecipitate has been the treatment of choice in patients with severe von Willebrand disease (vWD) because it can transiently correct low plasma levels of factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C) and shorten or normalize the prolonged bleeding time (BT), the two laboratory hallmarks of the disease. However, cryoprecipitate may still transmit blood-borne viruses, whereas the development of virucidal methods have rendered plasma concentrates containing FVIII:C and von Willebrand factor (vWF) safer. To establish their potential usefulness in the treatment of vWD, we compared the effect of four virus-inactivated concentrates on FVII:C and vWF plasma levels and the BT (template method) in 10 patients with severe vWD using a crossover randomized design. The concentrates were an intermediate-purity, pasteurized FVIII-vWF concentrate; an intermediate-purity, dry-heated FVIII-vWF concentrate; a solvent/detergent-treated vWF concentrate, containing little FVIII; and a high-purity solvent/detergent-treated FVIII-vWF concentrate. All concentrates were equally effective in attaining normal and sustained levels of FVIII:C postinfusion, although peak levels were more delayed after the vWF concentrate. The effect of concentrates on the BT, however, was less uniform and satisfactory. The pasteurized FVIII-vWF concentrate transiently corrected, completely or partially, the BT in 8 of 10 patients, the dry-heated and solvent/detergent FVIII/vWF concentrates in five, whereas in no patient did the vWF concentrate correct the BT according to the criteria used in this study. These effects on the BT were not related to the plasma levels of ristocetin cofactor activity-attained postinfusion (100 U/dL or more in the majority of patients) or to the multimeric structure of vWF in concentrates (defective in larger multimers in all cases). In conclusion, even though virus-inactivated concentrates can be used to increase FVIII:C levels in patients with severe vWD, none of the concentrates studied by us consistently normalizes the BT in a sustained fashion.
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Mannucci, PM, PM Tenconi, G. Castaman y F. Rodeghiero. "Comparison of four virus-inactivated plasma concentrates for treatment of severe von Willebrand disease: a cross-over randomized trial". Blood 79, n.º 12 (15 de junio de 1992): 3130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v79.12.3130.bloodjournal79123130.
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Until recently, cryoprecipitate has been the treatment of choice in patients with severe von Willebrand disease (vWD) because it can transiently correct low plasma levels of factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C) and shorten or normalize the prolonged bleeding time (BT), the two laboratory hallmarks of the disease. However, cryoprecipitate may still transmit blood-borne viruses, whereas the development of virucidal methods have rendered plasma concentrates containing FVIII:C and von Willebrand factor (vWF) safer. To establish their potential usefulness in the treatment of vWD, we compared the effect of four virus-inactivated concentrates on FVII:C and vWF plasma levels and the BT (template method) in 10 patients with severe vWD using a crossover randomized design. The concentrates were an intermediate-purity, pasteurized FVIII-vWF concentrate; an intermediate-purity, dry-heated FVIII-vWF concentrate; a solvent/detergent-treated vWF concentrate, containing little FVIII; and a high-purity solvent/detergent-treated FVIII-vWF concentrate. All concentrates were equally effective in attaining normal and sustained levels of FVIII:C postinfusion, although peak levels were more delayed after the vWF concentrate. The effect of concentrates on the BT, however, was less uniform and satisfactory. The pasteurized FVIII-vWF concentrate transiently corrected, completely or partially, the BT in 8 of 10 patients, the dry-heated and solvent/detergent FVIII/vWF concentrates in five, whereas in no patient did the vWF concentrate correct the BT according to the criteria used in this study. These effects on the BT were not related to the plasma levels of ristocetin cofactor activity-attained postinfusion (100 U/dL or more in the majority of patients) or to the multimeric structure of vWF in concentrates (defective in larger multimers in all cases). In conclusion, even though virus-inactivated concentrates can be used to increase FVIII:C levels in patients with severe vWD, none of the concentrates studied by us consistently normalizes the BT in a sustained fashion.
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Chestnutt, D. M. B. y A. R. G. Wylie. "The effects of frequency of feeding of supplementary concentrates on performance and metabolite and IGF-1 status of ewes given silage in late pregnancy". Animal Science 61, n.º 2 (octubre de 1995): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800013801.
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AbstractEiues on grass silage-based diets were offered, during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy, an increasing allowance of a barley-soya-fish meal concentrate (400 g/day in weeks 15/16; 600 g/day in weeks 17/18; 800 g/day in weeks 19/20) as either one, two or three feeds daily or as a complete mix with silage. Silage dry-matter intake increased with concentrate feeding frequency (P < 0·01) and was greatest with the mixed diet at an average of 1·38 of that with a single daily concentrate meal. The effect on silage intake was evident even at the lowest level of concentrate supplementation during weeks 15/16 and was independent of silage quality. Ewes gained more live weight (P < 0·01), and maintained a higher live weight post partum, as a result of increasing the frequency of feeding of concentrates but mean lamb birth weight was unaffected. Maternal serum metabolites were measured in weeks 17/18 and 19/20 only. Mean [i-hydroxybutyrate was higher, but not significantly so, in weeks 19/20 despite the increased concentrate allowance and was higher overall (P < 0·05) in ewes offered concentrates once daily compared with those receiving concentrates three times daily or mixed with the silage. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was higher in serum of ewes given frequent concentrate meals compared with those offered concentrate once daily (P < 0·05). Serum albumin and globulin increased as concentrate intake increased between weeks 17/18 and 19/20 (P < 0·05) and also, when concentrates were offered more than once daily (P < 0·05). Serum urea level was higher with more frequent concentrate meals (P < 0·01) and was affected by silage quality (P < 0·001).
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Zvereva, N., V. Myazin y I. Kostromina. "Technological possibility of increasing the complexity of the use of gold-bearing polymetallic ores of the Novo-Shirokinsky deposit". TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, n.º 6 (2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-6-6-14.
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Gold-bearing polymetallic ores of the Novo-Shirokinsky deposit (further NShD) are complex, containing other valuable components besides gold and silver, which include lead, zinc, copper, iron, etc. According to the content of sulfides in the ores, they belong to the moderate sulfide type. The main feature of the material composition of ores NShD: expressed multicomponent content of valuable minerals; proximity of flotation properties of shared minerals; especially valuable mineral in ores, in addition to gold and silver, is copper, which is mainly concentrated in lead concentrate. The highest technological indicators of ore beneficiation are achieved when they are enriched according to a collective technological scheme. The technological scheme of ore beneficiation at the plant is shown in fig. 1. A lead-copper concentrate is obtained, which, as a rule, is subsequently sent for subsequent selective flotation. The factory produces two main concentrates - lead and zinc (corresponding to TU 07.29.15-002-24722376-2018, TU 1725-001-24722376-2011). This work is aimed at increasing the complexity of the use of NShD polymetallic ores in order to justify the possibility of additional production of copper concentrate at the plant. The object of the study – gold-bearing polymetallic ores of the Novo-Shirokinsky deposit. The subject of the study – flotation process of ore beneficiation as the basis for obtaining copper concentrate by constructing effective technological schemes for the polymetallic ores’ processing. The main idea of the work – sequential extraction of copper from lead concentrates using retreatments and optimal operating parameters of the flotation process
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Gardner, W. C., M. A. G. von Keyserlingk, J. A. Shelford y L. J. Fisher. "Effect of feeding textured concentrates with alfalfa cubes to lactating dairy cows producing low fat milk". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 1997): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a96-106.
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Twenty–one multiparous Holsteins were used in a cross over design with two 28-d periods. Cows were randomly assigned to two treatments to assess the effect of textured and pelleted concentrates fed with alfalfa cubes on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition and rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations. Those animals receiving the textured concentrate had significantly (P < 0.05) higher milk yield and milk fat percentage than did those animals fed the pelleted concentrate. A significant difference in the ratio of milk protein to milk fat was also observed with the cows receiving the pelleted concentrate having a ratio of 1.31 and the cows receiving the textured concentrate a ratio of 1.02. No significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed between the textured and pelleted feeds in total or individual volatile fatty acid concentrations. These results indicate that the feeding of textured concentrates can lead to an increase in milk fat production when compared with the feeding of pelleted concentrates. Key words: Dairy cattle, milk composition, textured and pelleted concentrate, VFA
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Maiorov, V. G., A. I. Nikolaev y B. Ya Zilberman. "Preparation of thorium concentrate from concentrated calcium chloride solutions". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 80, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427207010296.
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Chiy, P. C. y C. J. C. Phillips. "The rate of intake of sweet, salty and bitter concentrates by dairy cows". Animal Science 68, n.º 4 (junio de 1999): 731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800050761.
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AbstractChanges in the formulation and flavour of concentrate foods may temporarily reduce their acceptability to cattle, leading to reduced intake when they are offered for a limited time during milking. The rate of intake of 12 dairy cows offered 1 kg of salty or bitter concentrates was compared with a sweet concentrate, with or without an artificial sweetener to mask adverse flavours. The cows were offered the test concentrates twice a day in a Latin-square design with seven feeding occasions per period and the apparent and actual (excluding non-feeding time) food intake rates were recorded for all seven feeding occasions. Both apparent and actual intake rates were slower for the bitter compared with the salty and sweet flavoured concentrate.For the first two feeding occasions the intake rate was recorded separately for the 1st min and the subsequent period until the end of feeding. The intake rate was faster in the 1st min because of more rapid prehension of the food and fewer interruptions to the feeding process. Where no mask was included there was no effect of flavour on the apparent intake rate in the 1st min of the first feeding occasion but in the 1st min of the second feeding occasion the apparent intake rate of the salty concentrate was less than that for the sweet or bitter concentrates. The actual intake rates of the bitter and salty concentrates were less than for the sweet concentrate. The mask increased the apparent intake rate of the bitter and sweet concentrates in the 1st min of both the first and second feeding occasions, by reducing the non-feeding time and it also increased the actual intake rate of salty concentrates.After the 1st min the apparent intake rate of the salty concentrate was faster than that of the bitter and sweet concentrates, where no mask was included. The mask increased the apparent intake rate of the sweet concentrates at this time but reduced it for salty and bitter concentrates. It therefore reduced the acclimatization to the salty and bitter concentrates and enhanced the attractiveness of the sweet concentrates.There was a residual effect from the previous period of concentrates which were eaten slowly i.e. salty concentrates, which reduced the 1st min intake of foods that were eaten rapidly, i.e. sweet concentrates, in the subsequent period. This was largely due to increases in the time spent pausing between bouts of food ingestion. After the 1st min the apparent intake rate of cows receiving salty concentrate for a second consecutive period was increased, suggesting acclimatization. The opposite effect was observed for the sweet concentrate, probably because the novelty of the sweetness had diminished, making it relatively less attractive to the cow. This experiment therefore provides evidence that bitter and to some extent salty concentrates are consumed at a slower rate than sweet concentrates, except for the 1st min in which they are offered to cattle and that a reduced concentrate intake rate may persist after the flavour is removed from the food. Cattle did, however, demonstrate an ability to acclimatize to salty concentrate over time.
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Nokhrina, O. I., I. D. Rozhikhina, I. E. Proshunin, M. A. Golodova y I. E. Khodosov. "Relating to the rational utilization of manganese-containing raw materials". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, n.º 1 (2 de febrero de 2019): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-48-56.
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Data on main manganese ores deposits by Russian Federation subjects presented. It was shown, that main part of manganese ore raw materials prognostic resources are concentrated in Altaj-Sayan and Enisej-East-Sayan metallogenic provinces. Estimation of metallurgical value of manganese ores deposits, located at the territory of Altaj-Sayan metallogenic province, carried out. A technological flow-chart of manganese-containing raw materials elaborated, comprising high quality manganese concentrate obtaining, its preparation, synthesis of marokite and mono-phase CaMnO3 material, marokite briquetting with a reducing agent and application for steel processing in ladle-furnace facility. A possibility shown to utilization of CaMnO3 mono-phase material mixed with a reducing agent and high quality manganese concentrate for production of metal manganese. Thermodynamic calculations and experiment studies on polymetallic manganese-containing raw material beneficiation enabled to determine main technological parameters of extraction and elaborate a technological flow-chart of beneficiation. The elaborated technology enables to obtain high quality manganese, nickel, iron and cobalt concentrates. Application of optimal technological parameters of beneficiation enables to extract from a polymetallic manganese-containing raw materials up to 95–97% of manganese, 98–99% of nickel, 96–98% of iron. It was shown, that it is reasonable to use the manganese concentrate for low phosphor metal manganese smelting, that will enable to decrease the dependence from manganese-containing materials import. A technology of steel alloying by obtained nickel concentrate elaborated. The substitution of metal nickel by nickel concentrate will considerably reduce expenses for alloying. A technology of metalized iron production by a solid-phase reducing method from an iron concentrate also elaborated, which will enable to decrease impurities content in steel during its application.
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Agnew, K. W., C. S. Mayne y J. G. Doherty. "An examination of the effect of method and level of concentrate feeding on milk production in dairy cows offered a grass silage-based diet". Animal Science 63, n.º 1 (agosto de 1996): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800028241.
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AbstractAn experiment was conducted to examine the effect of method and level of concentrate feeding on milk production characteristics in dairy cows offered a grass silage-based diet. Twelve treatments were used with 24 Holstein/Friesian dairy cows in a four-period change-over design experiment. Treatments consisted of three methods of concentrate feeding (twice daily, four times daily or complete diet) and four levels of concentrate feeding (2, 4, 6 or 8 kg/day). Offering a complete diet significantly reduced silage substitution rate (0·28 kg silage dry matter (DM) per kg concentrate DM) compared with concentrates offered twice daily (0·50 kg silage DM per kg concentrate DM; P < 0·01). Method of concentrate feeding had no significant effect on milk yield or milk fat concentration (P > 0·05), although the response in milk protein concentration to increased concentrate food level was significantly greater with twice and four times daily concentrate feeding than with complete diet feeding (0·59, 0·56 and 0·44 g/kg per kg increase in concentrate food level; P < 0·05). Increasing concentrate inclusion level significantly reduced silage DM intake (P < 0·001) but significantly increased (P < 0·001) total DM intake. Milk yield and milk protein concentration were significantly increased (P < 0·001) and milk fat concentration significantly reduced (P < 0·02) with increasing concentrate inclusion level. Total ration apparent digestibility coefficients were unaffected (P > 0·05) by either method of feeding or concentrate inclusion level. However, modified acid-detergent fibre apparent digestibility decreased significantly with increasing concentrate inclusion (P < 0·01). Results suggested that offering complete diets, with concentrates comprising on average 0·33 of total DM intake, increased both silage and total DM intake although this was not reflected in either increased milk yield or improvements in milk composition.
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Laber-Warren, Emily. "Concentrate". Scientific American Mind 25, n.º 2 (13 de febrero de 2014): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericanmind0314-61.
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Wilson, Clare. "Concentrate!" New Scientist 206, n.º 2756 (abril de 2010): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(10)60942-6.
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Rufino-Moya, Pablo Jose, Mireia Blanco, Sandra Lobón, Juan Ramon Bertolín, Ramón Armengol y Margalida Joy. "The Inclusion of Concentrate with Quebracho Is Advisable in Two Forage-Based Diets of Ewes According to the In Vitro Fermentation Parameters". Animals 9, n.º 7 (17 de julio de 2019): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070451.
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Ewes receive hay or graze on fresh pastures supplemented with concentrates to fulfil their lactation requirements. Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) can be added to change the ruminal fermentation. Fermentation parameters of forages alone and 70:30 forage:concentrate diets with control and quebracho concentrate were compared after 24 h of in vitro incubation. Fresh forage diets produced less gas (p < 0.05) and had greater IVOMD (p < 0.001), ammonia (NH3-N) content, valeric acid, branched-chain volatile fatty acid proportions, and lower propionic acid proportion than the hay diets (p < 0.01). In the hay diets, methane production increased with control concentrate (p < 0.01) and tended to decrease with quebacho concentrate (p < 0.10). The inclusion of both concentrates increased the acetic:propionic ratio (p < 0.01), and only the inclusion of quebracho concentrate increased the IVOMD (p < 0.01). In the fresh forage diets, gas and methane production increased with the inclusion of the control concentrate (p < 0.05), but methane production decreased with quebracho concentrate (p < 0.01). The inclusion of quebracho concentrate reduced the NH3-N content and valeric acid proportion (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of quebracho concentrate would be advisable to reduce the CH4 production and NH3-N content in fresh forage diets and to increase the IVOMD in hay diets in comparison with the forages alone.
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Mannucci, P. M., A. Gringeri, R. de Biasi, F. Baudo, M. Morfini y N. Ciavarella. "Immune Status of Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Hemophiliacs: Randomized, Prospective, Two-Year Comparison of Treatment with a High-Purity or an Intermediate-Purity Factor VIII Concentrate". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 67, n.º 03 (1992): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1648438.
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SummaryIt has been postulated that high-purity factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates, since they contain less alloantigenic proteins than intermediate-purity concentrates, might cause lesser deterioration of the immune systems of hemophilic patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To evaluate this hypothesis, we have prospectively compared T-lymphocytes subsets and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to skin tests in 17 asymptomatic HIV-positive hemophiliacs randomly assigned to continue treatment with an intermediate-purity concentrate with those of 16 hemophiliacs changed to a high-purity concentrate. For both groups, during the 24-month follow-up period CD4 cell counts showed similar rates of fall from baseline values. There was also no difference in the number of patients anergic to skin tests. Three patients treated with the intermediate purity concentrate and one treated with the high-purity concentrate developed symptoms of HIV infection. On the whole, no striking benefit is conferred to the immune status of asymptomatic HIV-positive hemophiliacs by using this high-purity concentrate for 2 years.
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Keady, T. W. J. y C. S. Mayne. "The effects of concentrate energy source on silage feeding behaviour and energy utilization by lactating dairy cows offered grass silages with differing intake characteristics". Animal Science 67, n.º 2 (octubre de 1998): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135772980000998x.
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AbstractThe effects of concentrate energy source on feeding behaviour and energy utilization, when offered with grass silages of differing intake characteristics, were studied in lactating dairy cows. A total of five silages, which differed in fermentation and intake characteristics, were prepared. Silages A, B and D and silages C and E were harvested from primary regrowths and secondary regrowths respectively of predominantly perennial ryegrass swards. Herbage was ensiled either pre-wilted or unwilted and either untreated or treated with a bacterial inoculant or formic acid based additives. Five concentrates (0s, 25s, 50s, 75s and 100s) were formulated to contain similar concentrations of crude protein, effective rumen degradable protein and metabolizable energy (ME) but using different carbohydrate sources to achieve a wide range of starch concentrations. The silages were offered ad libitum, supplemented with 10 kg concentrates per head per day. In experiment 1, a partially balanced change-over design experiment involving 50 lactating dairy cows was undertaken to examine the effects of concentrate energy source on silage feeding behaviour. Silages A, B, C, D and E were each supplemented with concentrates Os, 25s, 50s, 75s and 100s. Concentrate energy source did not alter (P > 0·05) silage feeding behaviour. The number of meals per day decreased (P < 0·01) as silage dry-matter concentration increased. Experiment 2, a completely randomized experiment involving 18 lactating dairy cows, was undertaken to examine the effects of concentrate energy source on energy utilization with cows offered silages B, C and D. These were supplemented with 10 kg/day of concentrates Os, 50s and 100s. Concentrate energy source had little effect (P > 0·05) on ME intake, energy output or on the efficiency of utilization of ME for lactation (k1). In experiment 3, the effect of concentrate energy source on silage preference was examined in a factorial design experiment involving 12 lactating dairy cows. Silages B, C and D were supplemented with concentrates Os, 50s and 100s. Concentrate energy source did not alter (P > 0·05) silage preference. It is concluded that with silages of differing fermentation and intake characteristics but of similar digestibility, concentrate energy source had no effect on feeding behaviour, silage preference or energy utilization. Furthermore there was no evidence of concentrate energy source by silage type interactions on silage feeding behaviour and preference, or energy utilization.
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Kenyon, P. R., A. J. Wall, D. L. Burnham, K. J. Stafford, D. M. West y S. T. Morris. "Effect of offering concentrate supplement in late pregnancy, under conditions of unrestricted herbage, on the performance of multiple-bearing ewes and their lambs to weaning". Animal Production Science 50, n.º 6 (2010): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09176.
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The aim of the present study was to determine if offering ewes a commercial concentrate supplement under conditions of unrestricted perennial ryegrass–white clover herbage availability would increase newborn lamb heat production, colostrum intake and subsequent liveweight. Forty seven twin- and 43 triplet-bearing Romney composite ewes (1/2 Romney, 1/4 Finn, 1/4 Texel) were randomly allocated to either non-concentrate or concentrate treatment groups (twin non-concentrate, n = 24; twin concentrate, n = 23; triplet non-concentrate, n = 22; triplet concentrate, n = 21) from Day 79 of pregnancy. Concentrate-fed ewes were offered an increasing amount of concentrate sheep pellets from Day 79 until Day 90 of pregnancy, at which stage ewes were offered 400 g/day per ewe until they lambed. Pre- and post-grazing herbage masses did not differ (P > 0.05) between non-concentrate (2162 ± 54 and 1704 ± 47 kg DM/ha) and concentrate (2135 ± 49 and 1771 ± 42 kg DM/ha) ewes. Ewe nutritional treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on ewe liveweight, body condition score, β-hydroxybutyate or non-esterified fatty acid concentrations in late pregnancy. Offering concentrates increased (P < 0.05) the birthweight of triplet-born lambs (4.4 ± 0.1 v. 3.9 ± 0.1 kg for those born to concentrate and non-concentrate ewes, respectively) but had the opposite effect on twins (4.8 ± 0.1 v. 5.2 ± 0.1 kg, respectively). There was no difference (P > 0.05) in maximal heat production, total heat production, rate to reach maximal heat production, and IgG concentrations at 24–36 h of age or liveweight and survival of lambs born to ewes offered concentrates or not. Twin-born lambs had greater (P < 0.05) liveweight and total heat production and had higher (P < 0.05) survival rates than triplet-born lambs. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that there are only minor beneficial effects from offering concentrate supplements to ewes in late pregnancy under conditions of unrestricted herbage availability and it is not a viable option for farmers to utilise.
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Sutton, J. D., K. Aston, D. E. Beever y M. S. Dhanoa. "Milk production from grass silage diets: effects of high-protein concentrates for lactating heifers and cows on intake, milk production and milk nitrogen fractions". Animal Science 62, n.º 2 (abril de 1996): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800014508.
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AbstractTo examine the effects of increasing the crude protein (CP) content of concentrates at either equal concentrate intake (increasing CP intake) or at reducing concentrate intake (equal CP intake), 44 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were allocated to one of five treatments for weeks 4 to 18 of lactation. The treatments were 6 kg dry matter (DM) per day of concentrates containing nominally 200, 300 or 400 g CP per kg DM or 9 or 3 kg DM per day of concentrates containing 200 or 600 g CP per kg DM respectively. In addition 23 first-calf cows (heifers) were offered 5 kg DM per day of concentrates containing 200, 300 or 400 g CP per kg DM. All the animals were offered first-cut perennial ryegrass silage ad libitum. Increasing the concentrate CP content at equal intake caused only small and non-significant increases in silage intake by both heifers and cows. It significantly increased yields of milk and milk protein for both groups but whereas the cows responded to both increments of CP, the heifers only responded to the first. The concentrations of total protein, true protein, casein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in milk were significantly increased but the concentration of whey protein remained unchanged. Increasing CP concentration while the concentrate ration was reduced enhanced silage intake but had no significant effect on yields of milk or milk solids. The concentrations of total protein, true protein (non-significant), casein and NPN all increased but whey protein was unchanged. Overall the concentrations of casein and NPN were linearly related to the dietary CP concentration. With both concentrate strategies the proportion of true protein in total milk protein decreased and the proportion of NPN increased with increasing dietary CP concentration but the changes, though highly significant, were relatively small. It is concluded that the strategy of reducing the concentrate ration while maintaining concentrate CP intake causes only small reductions in milk solids production but it is dependent for success on supplies of high-quality grass silage to substitute for the concentrates.
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Blanco, Mireia, Guillermo Ripoll, Sandra Lobón, Juan Ramón Bertolín, Isabel Casasús y Margalida Joy. "The Inclusion of Pea in Concentrates Had Minor Effects on the Meat Quality of Light Lambs". Animals 11, n.º 8 (12 de agosto de 2021): 2385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082385.
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The use of pea (Pisum sativum) has been recommended to replace soybean meal in the diet of ruminants, but it may affect meat quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the proportion of pea (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) in fattening concentrates fed to light lambs for 41 days on carcass colour and on the meat quality. Pea inclusion affected neither the colour of the lamb carcasses nor affected most of the parameters of the meat quality. However, the inclusion of pea affected the cholesterol content, and the 20%pea concentrate yielded meat with greater cholesterol contents than the 30%pea concentrate did (p < 0.05). The inclusion of pea had minor effects on individual FAs but affected the total saturated fatty acids (p < 0.01) and the thrombogenicity index (p < 0.05). A greater total saturated fatty acid content was recorded for the 20%pea concentrate than for the rest of the concentrates, and a greater thrombogenicity index was recorded for the 20% concentrate than for the 10%pea concentrate. The results indicated the viability of the inclusion of pea in the fattening concentrate of light lambs without impairing meat quality, with the 30%pea concentrate being the most suitable to reduce the soya-dependency.
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Zervas, G., L. Zarkadas, K. Koutsotolis, C. Goulas y A. Mantzios. "The effect of altering the hay to concentrate ratio and concentrate composition on the rumen fermentation of dry sheep and milk production of lactating dairy ewes". Animal Science 69, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1999): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800051493.
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AbstractIn order to examine the effects of diets, with two hay to concentrate ratios and two forms of concentrates on the rumen fermentation of dry sheep and milk production of lactating ewes, three trials were conducted.In the first trial, four wether sheep, each fitted with a rumen cannula, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design, by allocating them to one of four diets with different hay to concentrate ratio and concentrate type. The diets consisted of 0·5 kg hay and 0·75 kg either starchy (HRSC) or fibrous (HRFC) concentrates, or 0·25 kg hay and 1·0 kg either starchy (LRSC) or fibrous (LRFC) concentrates. The diets were designed to provide similar intakes of energy and crude protein. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia concentrations, pH values and number of protozoa were determined in wether rumen fluid.Total VFA concentration was not significantly affected by diet but acetate and n-butyrate proportions were higher (P < 0·002) on the higher forage diets and propionate higher (P < 0·002) on the lower forage diets. pH values and number of protozoa in sheep rumen fluid were unaffected by treatment, while ammonia concentration was lower (P < 0·05) on the HRFC diet.In the second trial, 60 lactating dairy ewes were allocated to one of four diets for weeks 11 to 15 of lactation (period 1). Ewes were given food daily: 0·87 kg hay and 1·3 kg either HRFC or HRSC concentrates, or 0·4 kg hay and 1·6 kg either LRFC or LRSC concentrates. During weeks 16 to 20 of lactation (period 2), the ewes were given the same amount and type of concentrates but hay was supplied ad libitum and this period formed the third trial.Milk yield and milk composition were affected significantly by hay to concentrate ratio with the lower hay to concentrate ratio resulting in a significant increase in milk yield, milk protein efficiency, protein content and protein and lactose yields. Milk fat content and yield were reduced. Hay intake was proportionately greater (P < 0·002) by 0·15 to 0·20 with starchy than with fibrous concentrate diets in period 2. Problems such as acidosis or ‘off-food’ periods in ewes given the low hay to concentrate ratio diets were not observed, irrespective of concentrate type.
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Sutton, J. D., J. A. Bines, S. V. Morant, D. J. Napper y D. J. Givens. "A comparison of starchy and fibrous concentrates for milk production, energy utilization and hay intake by Friesian cows". Journal of Agricultural Science 109, n.º 2 (octubre de 1987): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600080801.
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SummaryTwenty-four Friesian cows were allocated to one of four diets for weeks 3–14 of lactation following 2 weeks on a common diet. The diets (kg air-dry feed/day) were 7–2 kg hay and 10·8 kg either starchy or fibrous concentrates (60S and 60F) or 3·5 kg hay and 14·0 kg either starchy or fibrous concentrates (80S and 80F). Rumen samples were taken by stomach tube in weeks 10 and 12 of lactation and the digestibility of the diets was measured with four cows per treatment during weeks 13 and 14. The digestibility of the same feeds was also measured in sheep at maintenance.The principal carbohydrate constituents of the concentrates were barley, wheat and cassava in the starchy concentrates and citrus pulp, sugar-beet pulp and wheat feed in the fibrous concentrates. The concentrates were designed to have similar concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) and the diets were planned to provide similar intakes of digestible energy and crude protein.Milk yield and composition were very similar for treatments 60S and 60F. With the higher proportion of starchy concentrates (80S), milk yield was about 20% greater than on 60S, fat concentration fell severely but protein and lactose concentrations were unaffected. With the higher proportion of fibrous concentrates (80F), milk yield and the protein and lactose concentration were similar to values on 60F but fat concentration was lower, though not nearly so low as on 80S. Milk energy yield was reduced by the higher proportion of concentrates but was unaffected by type of carbohydrates. Live-weight changes were small.In both the sheep, consuming at maintenance, and the lactating cows consuming at about 3 times maintenance, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and energy was higher with the higher concentrate diets but was unaffected by type of concentrate. The digestibility of fibre was greater with the fibrous concentrates but the effect of level of concentrate inclusion was inconsistent. Digestibility coefficients were consistently lower for the lactating cows than for the sheep.The proportion of acetic acid in the rumen volatile fatty acids in the cows was higher and the proportion of propionic acid was lower with the fibrous concentrates. The differences were much greater with the higher proportion of concentrates.During weeks 15–22 of lactation the cows were reallocated to concentrate treatments and given hay ad libitum. Hay intake was about 1 kg/day higher with the fibrous concentrates but the difference was not significant. Hay intake fell by about 0·6 kg/kg concentrate intake for both concentrate types. No significant differences in milk yield or composition were established, probably because of incomplete adaptation even after 8 weeks.It is concluded that at concentrate intakes of about 10 kg/day, the source of carbohydrate in the concentrates has little effect on milk production when the concentrates are of similar ME concentration. However, at higher levels of concentrate inclusion, although the diets may have similar ME concentrations, important differences in the yields of fat, protein and lactose occur due to carbohydrate source and these can be related to differences in rumen fermentation.
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M, CÁrdenas, Carpio C, Welbaum J, Vilcacundo E y Carrillo W. "CHIA PROTEIN CONCENTRATE (SALVIA HISPANICA L.) ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2018): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.17225.
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Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of chia proteins concentrates in in vitro conditions.Methods: Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) were utilized to obtain chia protein concentrate at different pH 2.0, pH 3.0, pH 4.0, pH 5.0, and pH 6.0 using the isoelectric precipitation method and to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and in vitro inhibition of peroxidation lipid of chia protein concentrates.Results: The best treatment to obtain chia protein concentrate was at pH 3.0 with a value of 25.53% yield using water as solvent and 38.13% yield using NaCl 1M as solvent. The higher protein content was found in the chia protein concentrate at pH 4.0 with values of 91.18% and 57.87% of protein content. All chia protein concentrates presented high in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition peroxidation lipid. Chia protein concentrate at pH 3.0 (100–100 μg/ml) presented anti-inflammatory activity with values ranging from 56.32% to 103.00% in a form dependent doses. Chia protein concentrate at pH 6.0 presented a value range of 92.80–95.98% of inhibition of peroxidation lipid.Conclusion: This study suggests that chia protein concentrates possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in in vitro conditions.
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Santagostino, E., P. M. Mannucci, A. Gringeri, G. Tagariello, F. Baudo, K. A. Bauer y R. D. Rosenberg. "Markers of Hypercoagulability in Patients with Hemophilia B Given Repeated, Large Doses of Factor IX Concentrates during and after Surgery". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 71, n.º 06 (1994): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642515.
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SummaryPurer factor IX (FIX) concentrates have been produced for the treatment of hemophilia B in the attempt to reduce the risk of thrombotic complications associated with the use of prothrombin complex concentrates. To evaluate ex vivo whether or not FIX concentrates activate the coagulation system in conditions associated with a high risk for thrombosis, we measured markers of hypercoagulability in 10 patients with hemophilia B who underwent surgery, mainly orthopedic procedures, covered by multiple concentrate infusions (40-80 U/kg/day). Postinfusion plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2 and factor X activation peptide did not differ significantly from the presurgical levels, neither before nor after each concentrate dose. Therefore, it appears that prolonged treatment of patients with hemophilia B undergoing high risk surgical procedures with high doses of FIX concentrate does not cause systemic activation of coagulation. This suggests that purified FIX concentrates are preferable to prothrombin complex concentrates for conditions associated with an increased risk of thrombosis.
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Patterson, D. C., R. W. J. Steen, C. A. Moore y B. W. Moss. "Effects of the ratio of silage to concentrates in the diet on the performance and carcass composition of continental bulls". Animal Science 70, n.º 1 (febrero de 2000): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800051705.
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AbstractA total of 45 continental bulls (1/2 Blonde d'Aquitaine/3/8 Charolais) were used in a continuous design randomized-block experiment, to examine the effects of the ratio of silage to concentrates in the diet on growth and carcass parameters. The proportions of concentrates in the five diets were 0·26, 0·40, 0·55, 0·68 and 0·75 (DM basis). The basal diet was grass silage with D value 730 g/kg and ammonia nitrogen per unit total nitrogen 86 g/kg. The mean initial and final live weights were 467 and 651 kg respectively, with a mean carcass weight of 384 kg. The digestibility of energy was not affected by the proportion of concentrates in the diet. The rates of live weight, carcass and separable lean tissue gain tended to reach a plateau at the higher concentrate proportions, while the rate of separable fat tissue gain increased linearly with increase in concentrate proportion. The separable lean content of the carcass was linearly and negatively related to the proportion of concentrates, with a predicted decrease of’10 g/kg for an increase in concentrate proportion of 0·16. Separable fat content was also linearly related to the proportion of concentrates, with a predicted increase of 10 g/kg for each 0·196 increase in proportion of concentrates. The absence of any effect of concentrate proportion on the content of saleable meat in the carcass was considered to reflect the high growth potential of the animals. An important conclusion was that 0·99 of the asymptote value for lean tissue gain was attained at a concentrate proportion of 0·52 and that 0·95 of the maximum rate of gain was obtained at the relatively low concentrate proportion of 0·39, therefore indicating that finishing bulls of this type can perform to a high level on diets which are predominately based on grass silage.
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Utiah, W. y U. Paputungan. "Analisis faktor konsentrat pakan terhadap konsumsi asam-asam amino ayam ras petelur". ZOOTEC 41, n.º 1 (17 de febrero de 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.41.1.2021.31536.
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ANALYSIS OF FEED CONCENTRATE FACTOR ON LAYING HEN AMINO ACIDS CONSUMPTION. Laying hens require a number of elements in which nutrients such as protein containing the amino acids are balanced in quality. Recently, there are various types of commercial ration (concentrate) for laying hens produced by the company. Quality of protein is expressed either high or low composition of amino acids depending on the essential amino acids contained in these feeds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different types of commercial concentrates on the consumption of amino acids in laying chicken. The research was conducted on laying chicken farms located in Matali Village, district of East Kotamobagu, Kotamobagu Municipality. Laying hens of Silver Strains as many as 240 heads at 78-week-old were used in this study. This study applied a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and eight replications at each treatment. The treatments were using commercial concentrations of the amino acids for commercial Concentrate A (RA), commercial concentrate B (RB) and commercial concentrate C (RC). The laboratory analysis showed that the majority amounts of essential amino acids (Arginine, Lysine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine and phenylalanine) of 80% was higher in RC than RB and RA, indicating that the composition of both quality and quantity of amino acids in commercial concentrates C (RC) is sufficient and more balanced than commercial concentrates A (RA) and commercial concentrate B (RB). These complete amino acids in RC increased more feed consumption of laying hens compared with those in RA and RB.Key words: Laying hens, amino acids, commercial concentrate
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Uslu, T., O. Celep y M. Savas. "Enrichment of low-grade colemanite concentrate by Knelson Concentrator". Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 115, n.º 3 (2015): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2015/v115n3a8.
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Kolpakova, Valentina, Rusalia Ulanova, Denis Kulikov, Valentina Gulakova, Gennadiy Semenov y Ludmila Shevjakova. "Pea and Chickpea Protein Concentrates: Quality Indicators". Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 52, n.º 4 (21 de diciembre de 2022): 650–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-4-2394.
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Protein deficiency in human and animal diet demands novel protein components, e.g., various leguminous concentrates. This article compares the quality indicators of food and feed protein concentrates obtained by biotechnological and biosynthetic methods from pea and chickpea flour.
The research featured pea and chickpea protein concentrates; enzyme preparations Shearzym 500 L, Viscoferm L, Fungamyl 800 L, and Alcalase 2.4 L (Denmark); Saccharomyces and Geotrichum micromycetes yeasts. The protein concentrates were obtained from pea and chickpea flour using a new technology developed by the authors. The properties of the protein concentrates were studied by chemical, physicochemical, biochemical, and microbiological research methods.
The research resulted in new protein concentrates for human diet and microbial-vegetable feed concentrates. The protein content was 83.22 ± 0.35% on dry basis in the chickpea protein concentrate and 71.78 ± 0.35% on dry basis in the pea concentrate. The indicator of biological value, adjusted for protein digestibility, was 96% for the pea protein concentrate and 76% for the chickpea protein concentrate. The resulting protein concentrates differed in the content of essential amino acids, copper, cobalt, manganese, and nickel, as well as in phenolic acids and their derivatives. The chickpea concentrate had a greater foaming capacity and lower foam stability, which correlated with a greater content of phenolic acids, their derivatives, parallel β-structures, and antiparallel protein 310-helices. Both the concentrates had the same results in assimilating whey carbohydrates by the consortium of Saccharomyces and G. micromycete. Both types of the dry feed biomass contained 61.68–64.10% protein on dry basis, while the biomasses with culture liquid contained 47.15–51.09% protein on dry basis. The biologically complete feed concentrates differed in the mass fraction of fat, soluble and insoluble fibers, minerals, and fatty acids. The amounts of phenolic acids and their derivatives (mg/g of protein) in the raw materials and the concentrates correlated with the optical density of their aqueous solutions at D590 nm and the color of the preparations (R = 0.895).
The new pea and chickpea flour protein concentrates can be recommended as human food components, while the microbial-vegetable concentrates from pea and chickpea serum can improve the quality of raw materials of animal origin in animal feed.
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French, P., A. P. Moloney, P. O’Kiely, E. G. O’Riordan y P. J. Caffrey. "Growth and rumen digestion characteristics of steers grazing autumn grass supplemented with concentrates based on different carbohydrate sources". Animal Science 72, n.º 1 (febrero de 2001): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800055636.
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AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects on animal performance and rumen digestion characteristics of supplementing cattle grazing autumn grass offered at two levels of allowance, with concentrates formulated from different carbohydrate sources. Seventy-two steers (494 (s.e. 38·4) kg) were assigned to one of six treatments which were arranged in a two grass allowances (5·5 or 11 kg grass dry matter (DM) per head per day) by three concentrate types (starch, starch + fibre or fibre-based diets) factorial design. The experiment commenced on 22 August and had a mean duration of 84 days. Concentrates were formulated to have similar metabolizable energy and crude protein and animals were offered 5 kg per head daily. Grass allowances were offered daily and concentrates were offered individually. Six rumen fistulated steers were used concurrently in a Latin square design to determine the effect of the diets on rumen digestion characteristics. Grass and concentrates degradabilities were measured using the nylon bag technique. The concentrate DM was degraded at 0·189, 0·102 and 0·094 per h for the starch, starch + fibre and fibre-based diets, respectively. Concentrate carbohydrate source and grass allowance did not affect (P> 0·05) degradation rate of grass DM or nitrogen in the rumen, rumen fluid pH, rumen fluid concentration of volatile fatty acids, total lactic acid or ammonia concentration or plasma concentration of glucose, urea or beta-hydroxybutyrate. Animals offered the low grass allowance had larger (P< 0·05) diurnal variation in the rumen fluid acetate: propionate ratio than those offered the high grass allowance. Increasing grass allowance increased (P< 0·01) carcass gain whereas concentrate type had no effect. There was no interaction between concentrate carbohydrate source and grass allowance on any of the production variables measured. It is concluded that the rumen environment in cattle grazing autumn grass buffered the effects of concentrate carbohydrate degradability such that similar productivity was achieved with each concentrate.
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Bloetscher, Frederick, Daniel E. Meeroff y Adrianna Toro. "Concentrating the Concentrate: Solutions for Concentrate Management". IDA Journal of Desalination and Water Reuse 1, n.º 1 (enero de 2009): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/ida.2009.1.1.38.
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KHALILI, H., P. MÄNTYSAARI y J. SARIOLA. "Effect of concentrate feeding strategy on the performance of dairy cows fed total mixed rations". Agricultural and Food Science 15, n.º 3 (4 de diciembre de 2008): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960606779216272.
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Little information is available concerning the effects of offering additional concentrates with total mixed ration (TMR) on milk production. The aim of the present study was to compare TMR representing simplified feeding (TMR1) with TMR combined with a decreasing amount of additional concentrate (TMR2C). Finnish Ayrshire cows (39) were housed in a loose housing barn. TMR1 consisted of a mixed ration of grass silage (0.49) and concentrates (0.51). In TMR2C, the same grass silage and concentrate were mixed in a ratio of 55:45. In TMR2C, cows were offered additional concentrates from automatic feeders differing in composition from the concentrate in TMR1 [6.5 kg d-1 (first 100 days, Phase 1), 3.0 kg d-1 (subsequent 50 days, Phase 2) and no concentrate thereafter (Phase 3)]. During the whole experiment (224 days), total consumption of concentrates per cow averaged 2426 kg dry matter (TMR1) and 2414 kg dry matter (TMR2C). There were no significant differences in mean total dry matter, metabolizable energy, crude protein or absorbed amino acid intakes. During Phase 2, total intake of all cows fed TMR2C was one kg lower (P = 0.10) than for cows fed TMR1. This was due to differences in total feed intake of multiparous cows. Average yields (kg d-1) of milk, energy corrected milk, protein, fat and lactose were not significantly different between diets. During Phase 2, primiparous cows tended to produce more energy corrected milk on TMR2C than on TMR1. The results showed that both TMR1 and TMR2C were equal feeding strategies for early lactating cows and cows did not benefit from greater concentrate consumption in early stage of lactation when total consumption of concentrates was similar.;
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Sutton, J. D., K. Aston, D. E. Beever y W. J. Fisher. "Milk production from grass silage diets: the relative importance of the amounts of energy and crude protein in the concentrates". Animal Science 59, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1994): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100007856.
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AbstractTo identify the separate and combined effects of energy and crude protein (CP) from concentrates on responses to concentrate feeding, 42 multiparous Friesian cows were given fixed amounts of concentrates with primary growth grass silage (194 g CP per kg dry matter (DM)) ad libitum for weeks 4 to 22 of lactation. A basal treatment of 3 kg DM per day of a standard concentrate (197 g CP per kg DM) was compared with 6 kg DM per day of the same concentrate (doubling energy and CP intake), 6 kg DM per day of a low-protein concentrate (106 g CP per kg DM) (doubling energy intake alone), or 3 kg/day of a high-protein concentrate (383 g CP per kg DM) (doubling CP intake alone). Results are presented in terms of main effects as interactions were not significant except for energy apparent digestibility. Silage intake was reduced by energy but increased by CP; in consequence extra energy from concentrates increased digestible energy (DE) intake but reduced CP intake and concentration whereas extra CP from concentrates increased not only DE intake but also CP intake and concentration. The ratio of the responses to CP compared with the responses to energy were 1·7 for milk yield, 0·9 for fat yield, 3·2 for protein yield and 1·4 for lactose yield. Energy reduced milk protein concentration and tended to increase milk fat concentration whereas CP had the opposite effect. The efficiency of converting food nitrogen to milk nitrogen was unaffected by extra CP but was increased, from 0·195 to 0·229, by extra energy. The poor response in milk protein yield and the reduction in its concentration with extra energy reflected the lower CP intake due to the reduced silage consumption. The experiment emphasizes the importance of concentrate CP supply in stimulating silage intake and yields of all milk constituents for diets containing fairly small amounts of concentrates.
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Banvolgyi, Szilvia, K. Savaş Bahçeci, Gyula Vatai, Sandor Bekassy y Erika Bekassy-Molnar. "Partial dealcoholization of red wine by nanofiltration and its effect on anthocyanin and resveratrol levels". Food Science and Technology International 22, n.º 8 (9 de julio de 2016): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013216642331.
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The present work studies the use of nanofiltration for the production of red wine concentrate with low alcohol content. Factorial design was applied to measure the influences of transmembrane pressure (10–20 bar) and temperature (20–40 ℃) on the retention of valuable components such as anthocyanins and resveratrol, and on the nanofiltration membrane performance. The highest retention of anthocyanin and resveratrol was achieved at low temperature (20 ℃), while the high transmembrane pressure (20 bar) was found to increase the permeate flux considerably. The experiments demonstrated that nanofiltration appears as a valid technique for the production of low alcohol content red wine concentrate. Reduction of volume by a factor of 4, leads to 2.5–3 times more anthocyanins and resveratrol in the wine concentrates. The final new wine products – obtained by using various forms of reconstitution of the concentrated wine – had low alcohol content (4–6 % by volume) and their sensory attributes were similar to those of the original wine.
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Xia, Qiuyu, Taiwo Akanbi, Bo Wang, Rui Li, Wenrong Yang y Colin Barrow. "Investigating the Mechanism for the Enhanced Oxidation Stability of Microencapsulated Omega-3 Concentrates". Marine Drugs 17, n.º 3 (28 de febrero de 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17030143.
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Enzymatically concentrated anchovy oil (concentrate) is known to be much less stable than unconcentrated anchovy oil. However, we previously showed that concentrate surprisingly forms more stable microcapsules, when produced by complex coacervation, than does unconcentrated anchovy oil. Here we investigate the mechanism of this unexpected stability. We also investigate whether or not incorporation of concentrate can be used as an additive to improve the stability of unconcentrated anchovy oil microcapsules. Results showed that microcap stability increased as the amount of added concentrate increased. Decreased emulsion droplet size, lower positively charged zeta potential, and higher surface hydrophobicity were observed in the oil/water (O/W) emulsion, with the incorporation of concentrate in the oil phase, compared with the unconcentrated anchovy oil O/W emulsion. Both the decreased zeta potential and the increased hydrophobicity of concentrate in the mixed oil phase may improve droplet agglomeration, leading to enhanced oxidative stability of the concentrate-containing microcapsules. Decreased repulsive forces between droplets result in a more compact structure, thicker outer shell, and smoother surface, resulting in enhanced oxidation stability of the concentrate-containing microcapsules.
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Nikanorov, A. V. "Silver-Containing Concentrate Processing". Materials Science Forum 989 (mayo de 2020): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.456.
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The goal of the research was to melt the silver-containing concentrate from the Dukatsk deposit (Magadansk region) in a reverberatory furnace. Preparatory research has established that internal collector smelting is an effective way to recover precious metals from the flotation concentrate of the Dukatsk deposit. This method is based on the property of lead and copper in the concentrate in an amount comparable to that of silver, to collect precious metals in a metal or matte phase in the process of segregation smelting. Recovery of silver in a high-grade alloy in one technological operation corresponds to the planned performance (silver recovery into an alloy of 93.0%) in processing flotation concentrates at non-ferrous industry plants.
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Khramtsov, A. G. "Technological breakthrough of the agrarian-and-food innovations in dairy case for example of universal agricultural raw materials. Diafiltration". Agrarian-And-Food Innovations 18 (10 de octubre de 2022): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31208/2618-7353-2022-18-9-25.
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Aim. Consideration of diafiltration as a membrane technology (MT) process for molecular-sieve separation of whey concentrates. Discussion. Diafiltration provides the production of demineralized whey, whey protein isolates and high-quality lactose. The process of true diafiltration is still almost unknown and is not scaled up in the dairy industry of the food industry of the agro-industrial complex. It has not found its place in the systematology of membrane technologies. Theoretically, diafiltration can be implemented in a Technological Platform for the production of whey protein concentrates (80% and isolates), demineralized whey (50% level) and high-quality lactose (food and pharmacopoeia). In the Russian dairy industry, diafiltration is currently used in practice sporadically. Diafiltration is specific to the type of each concentrate (retentate) – microfiltrate, ultrafiltrate, nanofiltrate and even reverse osmosis, as well as concentrated by traditional methods (evaporation) of whey. For example, diafiltration of nanofiltrate with dilution with "pure water" of NF concentrate (reverse osmosis) reduces ash content by up to 50% with the removal of some organic acids and low molecular nitrogen. Diafiltration is quite widely scaled in the dairy industry of the world in the production of protein concentrates from whey – CSB 80 and 90%. Conclusion. Diafiltration should be considered as a complementary package to microfiltration, ultrafiltration and especially (ideal) nanofiltration for targeted and controlled control of the content of low molecular weight compounds in concentrates (retentates) MT (minerals, nitrogenous and acids), if necessary for finished products.