Tesis sobre el tema "Comportement de groupe"
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Daboussi, Asma. "Le comportement innovant au travail : le rôle de la justice du groupe". Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2047/document.
Texto completoIn this research, we examine the effect of the interpersonal justice of the working group on innovative behaviors. First, we question the mediating role played by group identification in this relationship at the individual level of analysis. Next, we examine the moderating role of reflexivity on this mediation mechanism at the same level of analysis. Finally, we question the role of group identification and collective engagement at work as serial mediators of the effects of group interpersonal justice on innovative behaviors at the level of the analysis group in terms of climates of justice. Two studies were conducted to test our model. The first study was conducted among 204 Tunisian hospital employees. His results show that the indirect effect of the interpersonal justice of the working group on innovative behaviors, through identification with the group, will be moderated by the group's reflexivity. The second study was conducted with 528 students in 114 working groups. The data from this study were tested using a multi-level structural equation modeling approach. His results show the impact of the group's interpersonal justice climate on innovative individual behaviors through group identification and collective engagement at work. Theoretical and practical implications will be discussed
Risler, Thomas. "Comportement critique d'oscillateurs couples ; Groupe de renormalisation et classe d'universalite". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004449.
Texto completonotamment dues aux proprietes generiques des oscillateurs critiques
couples qui constituent le systeme. Cette these presente une etude
des proprietes critiques generiques des
systemes spatialement etendus d'oscillateurs stochastiques couples,
operant dans le voisinage d'une instabilite oscillante homogene ou
bifurcation de Hopf. Dans ce contexte, cette bifurcation constitue un
point critique dynamique hors equilibre, exhibant des proprietes
universelles qui sont canoniquement decrites par l'equation
Ginzburg-Landau complexe en presence de bruit. La formulation du probleme
en termes d'une theorie statistique dynamique des champs non hamiltonienne
nous permet d'etudier le comportement critique du systeme a l'aide des
techniques de la renormalisation dynamique perturbative.
Dans un cas particulier, une analogie exacte avec le modele O(2) dynamique
nous permet d'ecrire une relation generalisee de la relation
fluctuation-dissipation et de deduire le comportement critique du systeme
directement a partir des etudes anterieures. Dans le cas general,
nous etablissons la structure du groupe de renormalisation de la theorie
dans un espace de dimension
4-epsilon, en lui adaptant les schemas de renormalisation de Wilson et
de Callan-Symanzik. La presence d'une frequence caracteristique dans le
systeme - la frequence des oscillations spontanees a la transition -
impose d'associer aux transformations de renormalisation un changement de
referentiel oscillant dependant de l'echelle. Nous effectuons le
calcul a l'ordre de deux boucles en theorie des perturbations, et montrons
que la classe d'universalite du modele est decrite par le point fixe du
modele dynamique dissipatif
O(2) dans un referentiel oscillant bien choisi. Ainsi, bien que la
dynamique soit hautement hors equilibre et brise les relations de bilan
detaille, une relation fluctuation-dissipation generalisee est
asymptotiquement restauree a la transition. Cette relation prevoit
l'existence de fortes contraintes sur les principales observables
experimentales : la fonction de correlation a deux points et la fonction
de reponse lineaire a un stimulus sinusoidal.
Risler, Ronan Thomas. "Comportement critique d'oscillateurs couplés : groupe de renormalisation et classe d'universalité". Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004449v2.
Texto completoGaltier, Valentine. "Une explication de l'apprentissage de groupe : Le rôle des caractéristiques du groupe et le rôle médiateur des processus sociaux". Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090014.
Texto completoThe review of the literature on organizational learning shows two research directions : How social processes impact organizational learning ? And how do structural, individual and task's characteristics affect organizational learning: directly or by the mediation of social processes? We study theses questions at the group level of analysis and we choose to consider the result of group learning. According to a socio-technical approach (McGrath, 1964), we develop a conceptual frame to test the mediation of social processes. We organize experimentation in the context of the Markstrat simulation game and we develop a group learning measurement scale. Research results show that this is possible to construct a reliable and valid measure of group learning. Besides, results reveal the dimensionality of the group learning concept. Results identify also the impacts of social processes and the impacts of group characteristics on group learning
Maleki, Kamran. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement des micropieux isolés et en groupe". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523150.
Texto completoPeng, Kuan. "Comportement d'une butée de groupe turbo-alternateur : aspects théoriques et expérimentaux". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0093.
Texto completoBosé, Michela. "Comportement d'alimentation en groupe chez une espèce longevive : le cas du vautour fauve (Gyps fulvus)". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066238.
Texto completoLqebbab, Sanae. "Compétences linguistiques et comportement discursif chez un groupe d'enfants trisomiques 21 marocains". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H036.
Texto completoThis thesis consists of three parts. Each of them represents the analysis of a corpus obtained after a test of the speech proposed to 6 Moroccan trisomic 21 children of different ages and socioculturel circles. The first part represents morphosintactical and lexicothematical analysis of the statments brought from the isolated pictures either of an object or of an action. The second part is devoted to the morphosintactical an discursive analysis of the texts. The third part corresponds to an analysis of the narrative and discursive ducts used by children in their restoration of + little red riding hood ; tale. On the structural scheme the analysis leads to the following conclusion : putting aside the povrety and the wrong use of the fonctionnels, there is not significant disorders : the predicates, the modalities of the verb and of the noun, the structural order are more or less conserved according to the individuals. The latters don't make many mistakes but they exclusively use elementary syntactical structures. The disorganization of the speech bigins to be felt when certain individuals try to use the structures like subordination or to express complex spatiotemporel notions. On the discursive plan, the analysis of the putting in words has rendered account of the impact of the social sphere, of the circle, thus, of the sociocultural attainments on the verbal actualization of the pictures. The children often have to propensity to associate their actual experiences to those of the acting persons. And throught the putting in words of the individuals a large part of the emotional in the stimulation of the imaginary and of the creativitty of the events and of the themes become visible. On the narrative scheme, the analysis has brought to the conclusion of an enequality of the competences of the individuals to reproduce the different sequences of the story (conduct of presupposition, a lot of simplification, the comments and the valuation of the theme in so far that narrators are non-existant. The enequality also shows itself by the frequency or not of the contributing traits. The disorganization of the narration such as ambiguity on the level of pronominal repetitions of the participants, the going back or the anticipations of the events, the omission of the sequences. .
Sauvage, Olivier. "Modélisation du comportement vibratoire d'un Groupe Moto-Propulseur de 0 à 10000 Hz". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0972.
Texto completoPlessis, Jean-Claude. "La Gestion du changement par la formation comportement de groupe, systèmes et projet organisationnels /". Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010064.
Texto completoA firm's competitiveness, depends on its capacity to mobilize and use its resources, to adjust to technological, economic and social changes of its environment. Continuing professional development can prove an effective means of adjustment, if the training program devised, encourages research and development of a new collective capacity. A participative approach, using interhierarchical work groups, will produce effective solutions to the challenge of change, provided the composition of the groups and the tasks they are set, reflect the typology of the staff's opinions on work
Publicani, Jean-Pierre. "Etude du comportement electrochimique de composes polyfonctionnels et de derives comportant un groupement xanthate". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/84/74/81/PDF/These_Pulicani.pdf.
Texto completoElectrosynthesis is presented in a detailed manner with an emphasis on reactive electro-generated species and on their interactions (and those of the substrate) with the medium constituents (solvent, ions of electrolyte, constituents of the electrodes). These can act upon the regioselectivity when polyfonctionnal compounds are being processed. This approach has been applied (a) to natural products bearing different carbonyl groups (Chap. 3) and (b) to xanthate derivatives (Chap. 4 to 8). - On the first substrates (a), it was confirmed that the cation of the electrolyte exerts a preponderant effect upon the regioselectivity of the cathodic reductions. However, it has not been possible to pinpoint the respective role of the solvent or the cation. It is also possible that the anion has an effect on the reactivity of the cation. At the same time, we have conceived and tested a range of reactors of different sizes (from 1 to 50 cm3), with separate compartments, suited for use with solid electrodes (Chap. 2). - With the second substrates (b), we present our electrochemical approaches for tree types of reactions: the introduction of the xanthate group, its elimination and the initiation of radical additions (Chap. 4 to 8). - Attempts at the synthesis of xanthates by electrogeneration of tertiary radicals in presence of a bis-xanthate have failed. The latter was too easily reduced or oxidised under the Kolbe conditions (Chap. 5). - The cathodic reduction of xanthates gave good yields but only with the derivatives of acetophenones. The anodic oxidation did not lead to cyclisation into tetralones (Chap. 6). - The initiation of radical additions onto olefins by group transfer failed when using cathodic reduction of alkyl iodides. However, we observed a new reaction when operating with cathodes possessing a strong electro-catalytic activity (Ag, Au, Pd). It consists in the addition of the radical from ethyl iodo-acetate onto a primary xanthate, followed by a cyclisation (Chap. 7). In addition, we conceived and tested systems with electric relays for inverting the polarity of the electrodes in order to clean their surfaces when adsorption inhibited the flow of current. - The initiation reactions gave promising results in the case of anodic oxidation of partially neutralised malonic acid. But the yields must be improved further (yield : 45 %; corrected intermediate yield : 75 %) (Chap. 8)
Toniolo, Anne-Marie. "Variabilité inter-individuelle, contrainte de l'environnement et structuration de groupe : une étude chez le rat Wistar". Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN21015.
Texto completoThe present work concerns a social differentiation that systematically appears in small groups of rats placed in a situation of alimentary constraint. The first part is devoted to the detailed typology of the individuals. Two types are characterized: some rats are able to overcome the constraint. The others cannot act in such a waif and must attack the formers in order to steal the food. The second part concerns the socio-cognitive process in the groups; in terms of specialize and interdependent roles which do not correspond to a dominance hierarchy. The last part is devoted to the ontogenesis social differentiation determinism. The results from a set of tests applied to the rats between birth and adult stage can predict the future of roles of the rats in the experimental situation
Francis, Roméo. "Etude du comportement mécanique de micropieux modèles en chambre d'étalonnage. Application aux effets de groupe". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523154.
Texto completoObadia, A. A. "Milieu langagier et facteurs motivationnels leur[s] effets sur le comportement langagier d'un groupe minoritaire". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5520.
Texto completoFRANCIS, ROMEO. "étude du comportement mécanique de micropieux modèles en chambre d'étalonnage. Application aux effets de groupe". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9717.
Texto completoPulicani, Jean-Pierre. "ETUDE DU COMPORTEMENT ELECTROCHIMIQUE DE COMPOSES POLYFONCTIONNELS ET DE DERIVES COMPORTANT UN GROUPEMENT XANTHATE". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00847481.
Texto completoBellahmar, Mohamed. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique d'un palier de groupe turbo-alternateur dans des conditions de fonctionnement limite". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20042.
Texto completoGuimont, Fanny Quentel Jean-Claude. "Un groupe conte, une prise en charge globale pour un orthophoniste". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=43251.
Texto completoLe, Kouby Alain. "Etude du comportement mécanique de micropieux sous chargements monotones et cycliques verticaux : application aux effets de groupe". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005722.
Texto completoDans le cas monotone, leffet de groupe est étudié à partir du comportement dune inclusion générique au sein dun groupe en interaction avec des inclusions adjacentes. Les résultats montrent un effet de groupe positif sur le frottement latéral et négatif sur la résistance en pointe. Dans le cas des chargements cycliques, deux cas sont considérés à savoir les chargements à force contrôlée destinés à établir des diagrammes de stabilité cyclique et les chargements à déplacement contrôlé pour les mécanismes de dégradation. Pour les premiers, laugmentation du nombre dinclusions montre un effet positif et pour les seconds, les résultats montrent un effet de groupe positif sur le frottement latéral et négatif sur la pointe.
Sadek, Marwan. "Étude numérique du comportement des micropieux sous chargement sismique : analyse de l'effet de groupe et de l'inclinaison". Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7282a248-7fb0-49d7-b650-6436f49e9dad.
Texto completoRamousse, Raymond. "Genèse et régulation du comportement constructeur chez quelques araignées orbitèles : de la vie de groupe à la toile individuelle". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10008.
Texto completoPetit, Camille. "Autour de l'analyse géométrique. 1) Comportement au bord des fonctions harmoniques 2) Rectifiabilité dans le groupe de Heisenberg". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744491.
Texto completoDesor, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement social du rat". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10087.
Texto completoHayat, Olivier. "Contribution à l'évaluation de la prestation agrément de conduite liée au comportement du groupe motopropulseur d'un véhicule automobile". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10168.
Texto completoPowertrain driveability is considered as one of the most important customer requirement of a vehicle. In fact, in a more and more competitive market, any car manufacturer tries to distinguish himself by improving the driving pleasure felt by its customer. However, the consideration of the powertrain driveability during the vehicle design cycle is not coarse because this customer requirement is a consequence of the optimisation of the global vehicle and not only of each subsystems (motor, gearbox,. . . ). The aim of this research concerns the use of dynamical modelling, analysis and simplification tools in order to herlp vehicle conception engineering departments to optimise the powertrain driveability. This work proposes more complex vehicle models. Based on a bibliographical study concerning representations of the various subsystems influencing the powetrain driveability, a complete vehicle model is built. For every studied sub-performance (tip-in or tip-out, takeoff, and gearshift), various proper models are proposed. The use of modelling and analysis tools like activity index of each energetic elements of the system (inertia, stiffness, dissipation) permits to select the good model complexity level to simulate the studied phenomena. Generated models enable not only to reproduce vehicle behaviours in agreement with our experimental results but also to analyse and to put in focus phenomena like interaction between the driveline dynamic, powertrain movements and wheel horizontal suspension. Moreover, influence of conception parmeters of various sub-systems can be study with the use of those proper models. An analysis of global dynamic behaviours of the vehicle is then performed. Finally, this study improves the comptetitiveness and of engineering departments by bringing better understantig of the global vehicle behaviour in upstream phase of vehicle design cycle
Boulay, Julien. "Etude du comportement d’agrégation des larves nécrophages de Diptères : de l’individuel au collectif". Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S049/document.
Texto completoGregarism is often considered by scientists as the first step toward the most integrated societies. The understanding of the key factors that permit the emergence of collective decision in large groups composed of simple individual (having a limited knowledge of their close environment) is fundamental to decipher the evolution of sociality. Up to now, most studies are focused on highly social species and especially on those forming monospecific groups. Necrophagous larvae of Diptera (maggots) form mixed-species groups on a same decaying cadaver that can contain thousands individuals offering several benefits (heat and enzymes production). Regarding these observation in nature, these insects are an interesting biological model in the context of the study of collective behaviour. This work aimed to highlight and quantify aggregations of Lucilia sericata larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and underlying mechanisms of such gathering. After an extensive review of mixed-species groups in arthropods, we highlighted for the first time an active aggregation behaviour of larvae. We demonstrated the existence of an attractive/retentive effect of a larval signal (cuticular secretion) deposit on the ground and recognize by congeners. This signal is for us a good candidate to be one of the aggregation vectors in this species. The signal recognition is made by a characteristic exploratory behaviour that we described, quantified and name scanning. Then, we demonstrated a communal collective decision-making in two related larvae species, L. sericata and Calliphora vomitoria, for one food-spot in both monospecific and heterospecific groups. These results highlighted the existence of an interspecific recognition of aggregation vectors (e.g. larval signal) especially the attraction and retention effects of the group. Finally, we demonstrated the existence of thermic preferendum species-dependent and abilities for larvae to collectively choose such temperature. This thesis work allow us new knowledges on group life of such species especially on our comprehension of cooperation-competition phenomenon in these forensically important insects (e.g. datation of the death)
Ramousse, Raymond. "Genèse et régulation du comportement constructeur chez quelques araignées orbitèles de la vie de groupe à la toile individuelle /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617885p.
Texto completoLeca, Jean-Baptiste. "Dominance,négociation et processus de décision dans un groupe de capucins moines (Cebus Capucinus)". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13205.
Texto completoHow do members of a primate group resolve their conflicts of interest so as to produce collective behaviours ? Two kinds of conflicts of interest were distinguished: open conflicts (agonistic and post-conflict interactions) and objective divergence (initiation and coordination of group movements). This research was carried out in a semi-free ranging group of 13 white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus). In this species, bidirectional open conflicts involving physical contact were quite frequent. Non-aggressive interventions were observed. Reconciliation was demonstrated and was quite frequent following intense and bidirectional conflicts. Intense behavioural patterns, such as clasping behaviours, were mainly used during conciliatory bouts. As regards objective divergence, every individual could initiate group movements: leadership was largely distributed to all socio-demographic classes. By emitting particular recruitment behaviours, the initiator might signal to its conspecifics its proposal concerning the next direction to follow. During progressions, affiliative relationships, rather than dominance hierarchy, account for the spatial and temporal organisation of the group members. In white-faced capuchins, conflicts of interest are resolved by using open negotiation processes. Dominance relationships are not a major factor in the pattern and distribution of interactions, or in the decision process underlying group movements. This species is not governed by a strict formalism in social relationships, and seems to display a relatively high level of tolerance. In the social system of white-faced capuchins, many variables appear to covary: this could be due to the structural constraints that define social organisations
Pépin, Anne-Marie. "Concevoir, implanter et évaluer une stratégie d'intervention de groupe auprès d'adolescentes et d'adolescents référés à l'application des mesures des Centres jeunesse en vertu de l'article 38h de la Loi de la protection de la jeunesse : projet pilote". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5965.
Texto completoPaquette, Geneviève. "Évaluation de l'implantation et des effets sur les problèmes de comportement d'un programme d'intervention de groupe offert à des adolescentes agressées sexuellement". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/950.
Texto completoDeschênes, Pierre. "La modélisation de la structure de communication d'un groupe de travail et l'exploration en milieu organisationnel de son comportement d'ensemble". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37381.
Texto completoQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019
Clément, Martine. "Caractéristiques des garçons et des filles qui reçoivent de l'aide des services publics pour des troubles de comportement". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6406.
Texto completoCarrier, Kléo. "Effets comparatifs de l'enrichissement sur le comportement d'un groupe de mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) captifs en lien avec les conditions d'achalandage humain". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29196/29196.pdf.
Texto completoEnrichment is a technique to improve physical, psychological and social environment for captive animals. Enrichment efficiency is considered if it stimulates natural behaviours, reduces harmful effects of captivity such as stress and eliminates or reduces abnormal behaviours. Therefore, efficiency can be measured by behaviours analysis. This project aims to identify behavioural of three types of enrichment (musical, environmental and feeding) in a group of 8 mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) at the Granby Zoo. Considering that behaviour and animal stress can be influenced by the presence of visitors, this project was conduct in fall (no visitors) and summer (with visitors), to induce the effects of human presence. The group was exposed to each type of enrichment over a period of 5 consecutive days. Enrichment was repeated twice for each season. We search primarily to study the effect of each enrichment and the presence of visitors on specific behaviours (stereotypy, agonistic behaviours and human-mandrill interactions), time budget and hierarchy stability with videos (focal or group) and observations. Significant and variable effects according to enrichment were quantified for these behaviours and time budget, to propose different strategies for implementation of these enrichments according to purpose.
Choupas, Armelle. "La contagiosité des affects dans les groupes". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB230.
Texto completoThe purpose of this research is to define the emotions that pass through groups and the transmission of those affects. This work tries to show the way affects cross over groups and sometimes permeate the psyche of the group. The affects disrupt the ability to think and pass by archaic links of affective identifications, without representations and due to the ability to co-experience of other group members. The group allows to recognize and to treat primitive pains and archaic conflictualities between corporal and groupal. The study begins with a search around terminology : affect, emotion, feeling, sensation ... The affect is contagious. The question is the contagiousness of affects in groupal devices. By contagiousness affects, we mean the intersubjective transmission process that allows the subject, in the group, to be permeable to affect, to assimilate it psychically, and to transform it. The primary psyche that pre-exists the body feeling is the place of the deepest unconscious and common link of the group. The suffering could have the effect of contamination at this primary psyche, but also for groups. By contamination, we mean a process in which the affect is breaking into the psyche of the subject and where the subject-other confusion, is like a transpsychic transmission. Our hypothesis is that the contagiousness of the affects would be a way for the elaboration of primitive sufferings and for associative processes in groups whereas contamination of the psyche by the persecutors aggressive fantasies that circulate in groups would maintain the resistance. In a group of teenage psychodrama suffering from eating disorders, ways and transmissions are observed through a working link, movement of the frame and groupal capacity
Beckers, Ralph. "L'autoorganisation, une réponse alternative à la complexité individuelle ? : Le cas de la récolte alimentaire chez lasius niger (L.) (hymenoptera formicidae)". Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132006.
Texto completoVercoustre, Catherine. "Expression verbale d'élèves d'une classe de sixième année primaire dans des tâches réalisées en petit groupe". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29101.
Texto completoBodin, Emmanuel. "Comportement dynamique d'un équipement électronique soumis à des chocs mécaniques ou pyrotechniques". Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1354.
Texto completoDayoub, Sue Ellen. "L’évaluation de groupes de thérapie relationnelle de femmes âgées, atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer, à un stade avancé". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20030.
Texto completoAim - The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease increases more and more (a pathology for which there is still no treatment that can stop its progression). The aim of this study is to highlight the interest of "song mediated groupal therapy (psychodynamic inspired group therapy) on behavior disorders and depression when taking care of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease at an advanced stage.Method - We create 10 groups of 6 to 8 elderly women each that would participate to twelve overall therapy group seances at a single seance per week basis. These are named “singing groups”. We create 10 groups of 6 to 8 elderly women each the so called "control groups", that would not participate to the group therapy.We evaluate the groups (control and singing) twice; at the beginning and the end of the session. The tools that are used are the NPI (Neuro Psychiatric Inventory), the Cornell scale and the Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory.Results - For the 61 subjects who participated to the “groups singing”, we observed a significant improvement (p <0.01) at all scales but the size effect (associated to the group therapy) is very large.Conclusion - In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate an impact on the humor and the psychobehavioral disorders, with a statistically significant impact with an acceptable number of subjects. This improvement was noticed on the three scales (NPI, CMAI, Cornell)
Régazzi, Cécile. "De l'état solitaire à la vie sociale : adaptations d'un groupe de chats des sables (Felis margarita Loche, 1858) et d'un couple de manuls (Otocolobus manul Pallas, 1776) à la vie collective en captivité". Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H021.
Texto completoAttibuted to some species, the notion of "solitary" is usually contrasted with that of "sociality" found in the species having a collective way of life and durable relations between individuals. Does the life of a solitary animal mean that it is free from intraspecific relations? Basing our work on this question, we propose to study the behaviors of two species of felids, which are famous for being solitary in their natural habitat, when they are housed in a particular environnement which is the zoological garden. In this artificial situation of captivity, the animals are forced to adapt their solitary way of life to a collective existence imposed by this environment. The observation of a "group" of sand cats (felis margarita) and of a "pair" of Pallas'cats (Otocolobus manul) made it possible to reveal modes of adaptation to the collective life through the study of repertories of solitary activities, repertories of communication and of the use of space. The "group" of sand cats and the "pair" of Palla's cats seen to have different behavorial answers when they are put in this situation. The members of the "group" in particular show a certain behavorial "flexibility" by accepting a collective existence which involves a certain degree of sociability. On the other hand, the behavorial pattern of the members of "pair" shows their difficulty to adapt to collective life. Besides, we are unaware if the origin of this difficulty depends on the species or is merely an individual characteristic
Bangalore, Kantharaju Reshmashree. "Modelling Cohesive Behaviours for Virtual Agents in Multiparty Interactions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS230.
Texto completoGroup interactions are a commonly used form of communication among humans. Often the members of a group are involved in discussing, making decisions and exchanging ideas, under different settings (e.g., meeting, conference, party etc.). Group Cohesion describes the shared bond that drives the members to stay together and to want to work together to achieve group goals. In group interactions, humans communicate and coordinate with each other via a number of verbal and nonverbal behaviours. In this research work, as a first step we recognise the relation between group cohesion and certain non-verbal social signals of interest. Next, we present the results on automatic estimation of cohesion levels in groups using different features and feature representation techniques for groups. Virtual agents, a computer-generated animated character with human-like non-verbal behaviours, have been widely used for human-computer interactions in various applications e.g., educational agents, health coaches, training assistants etc. Most of the applications so far have focused on developing agents for dyadic interactions i.e., a single agent and user. A group of agents (multiparty) can be potentially effective in persuading, motivating and educating the users through interactive discussions. In the next step, we develop a multiparty model involving multiple autonomous agents that are capable of displaying cohesive group behaviour i.e., shared commitment to group tasks and positive relationship among the agents. Considering the surge in the range of applications using virtual agents, it is important to study the interactions between multiple agents and the user and understand the effects of using such a system. We hypothesise that the use of a multi-agent system would allow the user to be more engaged in the discussion and provide different perspectives on the same issue and facilitate the users to make informed decisions. Therefore, in the final step we conduct multiple user evaluation studies to understand the effects of multiparty interactions on the user and their perceptions e.g., the level of trust, persuasion. We present insights into the most effective form of interactions for promoting behaviour change or persuading the user using different group conversational topics. To summarise, in this thesis we recognise the association between certain non-verbal social signals and group cohesion, present the estimation accuracy using features extracted from these signals, develop a multiparty model to simulate a cohesive group of agents displaying prominent social signals and finally evaluate the effectiveness of such a model in the context of behaviour change and its effects on user’s perceptions
Arrar, Nawel. "Problèmes de convergence, optimisation d'algorithmes et analyse stochastique de systèmes de files d'attente avec rappels". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829089.
Texto completoRaymond, Sonya. "L'influence de la qualité et du temps de fréquentation du milieu préscolaire sur le comportement de l'enfant de quatre ans en groupe de pairs". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0007/MQ44946.pdf.
Texto completoGuido, Andrea. "Essays on human cooperation". Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A016.
Texto completoCooperation, defined as any behaviour that increases the benefits of others, at one’s own cost (Nowak 2013), represents a fundamental element of our lives: from cells in our body, to our personal and professional relationships, resource sharing as well as global-level issues such as global warming or environmental conservation. While cooperation is common in many species populating our planet, both ancient and modern societies display unique cooperative attitudes. Human cooperation pervades interactions not only within related individuals, but it extends beyond the kin circle, becoming common even in large societies (Bowles and Gintis 2013).In modern societies, the provision of public goods is one of the most remarkable examples in which cooperation and selfish interest collide. Humans often engage in cooperative actions by contributing part of their resources to the common good. Examples range from charity or blood donations, to voting, and payment of taxes (Ostrom 1997). However, the study of human cooperation often entails situations in which the individual and the collective interests are misaligned. This tension is typical of cooperative dilemmas such as Prisoner’s Dilemmas and the Public Goods Game (Hardin 1963, Samuelson 1954, Olson 1965). Economists have approached to the study of public goods provision through experiments. Two typical behavioural patterns emerged from the extant experiments: i) cooperation emerges even in one-shot games (that is, in non-repeated interactions); ii) in repeated games, contributions decay over rounds as more and more players decide to free ride. The second aspect has drawn the attention of many experimentalists over the course of the past few years, paving the way for new research avenues on how to alleviate the free-rider problem. This thesis studies the conditions that favour and support over time the emergence of cooperative behaviour. In particular, our focus is addressed towards the role that social and economic structures regulating interactions among individuals, such as groups or networks, have on cooperation levels. In the first part of this work, we focus on the provision of public goods under the presence of either decentralized or centralized group formation mechanisms. In this chapter, we provide a survey and meta-analytic evidence of the extant experiments. In the second part, we contribute to the broad literature proposing social networks as a factor that sustain cooperation (Nowak and May 1992, Apicella et al. 2012). We recreate experimentally a strategic environment similar to that of typical public goods games. Interactions in such environment are superimposed on networks of social contacts among participants. Our aim is to shed light on the effect of an increase or decrease in the network social connectivity can affect individuals’ altruistic behaviour. The third and final part of this thesis posits a slightly, yet complementary, question. In the third chapter, we focus on the diffusion and adoption of cooperative social norms among natives of highly cooperative regions and migrants coming from geographic areas characterized by low levels of trust and social capital. The case examined is the historically-root trust divide in Italy’s north and south
Allard, Marie-Julie. "Rôle de l’activation immune maternelle par le Streptocoque de groupe B dans la physiopathologie de l’autisme". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6973.
Texto completoAbstract : Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the vagina of 10 to 30% of healthy pregnant women. GBS is responsible for chorioamnionitis, which can cause preterm birth and cerebral injuries in the newborn most often in the absence of maternofetal pathogen translocation. Maternal infection, chorioamnionitis and preterm birth are associated to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the progeny. Our hypothesis is that GBS-induced gestational infection induces a maternofetal inflammatory response leading to neurodevelopmental impairments and ASD-like behaviour in the offspring. Our goal was to study, with a new preclinical animal model, the impacts of GBS-induced gestational inflammation on the neurodevelopmental features in the offspring. We characterized GBS-induced placental and neurobehavioural outcomes. Dams were exposed at gestational day 19 to live GBS or saline. The placental inflammatory response was studied by immunohistochemistry. Behavioural tests were performed between postnatal days 7 and 40 to assess communication, exploratory abilities, sensory integration and social interactions. GBS-exposed placentas displayed chorioamnionitis featured by infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells, which was significantly more prominent in males than in females. GBS-exposed males showed a reduced thickness of periventricular white matter. Male offspring exposed to GBS had early onset of cardinal ASD-like traits affecting social interaction, communication (ultrasonic vocalizations), treatment of sensory information (prepulse inhibition), preference toward mother cue (nest-seeking), and some other classic ASD comorbidities such as hyperactivity (open field). Overall, these data show for the first time that maternal immune activation due to live GBS plays a key role in the induction of neurodevelopmental abnormalities recapitulating those of human ASD, including gender dichotomy and neurobehavioural phenotype. These results provide new evidence in favor of the role of a common and modifiable infectious/inflammatory environmental factor in human ASD pathophysiology.
Baczyk, Maxime. "Influence du champ aléatoire et des interactions à longue portée sur le comportement critique du modèle d'Ising : une approche par le groupe de renormalisation non perturbatif". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066105/document.
Texto completoWe study the influence of the presence of a random magnetic field and of long-ranged interactions on the critical behavior of the Ising model. Our approach is based on a nonperturbative and functional version of the renormalization group. The bases of the nonperturbative renormalization group are introduced first and then illustrated in the simple case of the classical scalar field theory. We next discuss the critical properties of the latter in the presence of a random magnetic field, which is associated with frozen disorder in the system. The distribution of the random field in space is taken as that of a gaussian white noise. We focus on the property of dimensional reduction that predicts identical critical behavior for the random-field model in dimension $d$ and the pure model, \textit{i.e.} in the absence of random field, in dimension d-2. Although this property is found at all orders of the perturbation theory, it is violated below a critical dimension $d_{DR} \approx 5.13$. We show that the dimensional reduction and its breakdown are related to the large-scale properties of the avalanches that are present in the system at zero temperature. We next consider a generalization of the Ising model in which the ferromagnetic interaction varies at large distance like $r^{-(d+\sigma)}$ with $\sigma > 0$ ($d$ being the spatial dimension). In this system, it is possible to obtain a range of critical behavior similar to that encountered in the short-ranged version of the model between the lower and the upper critical dimensions by varying the exponent $\sigma$ while keeping the dimension $d$ fixed (including the case $d=1$).We have characterized the phase transition of this long-ranged model in the plane $(\sigma,d)$ and computed the critical exponents as a function of the parameter $\sigma$ for the physically interesting dimensions, $d=1,2$ and $3$. Finally, we have also studied the long-ranged random-field Ising model when the correlations of the random magnetic field decrease at large distance as $r^{-d+\rho}$ with $\rho > -d$. In the special case where $\rho=2-\sigma$, we have shown that the dimensional-reduction property is satisfied when $\sigma$ is small enough but breaks down above a critical value (when the spatial dimension $d$ is less than $d_{DR}$). In particular, for $d=3$, we predict a breakdown of dimensional reduction for $\sigma_{DR}\approx 0.71$
Ceci, Emmanuelle. "Etude de possibilités de lixiviation de minerais de platinoïdes à partir de leur caractérisation physico-chimique et de leur comportement vis-à-vis de différents traitements hydrométallurgiques". Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066440.
Texto completoZerrad, Mehdi. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation numérique du comportement vibratoire des matériaux polymères chargés en fibres courtes : Application à un carter d’huile de Groupe Moto-Propulseur thermique d’automobiles". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI064.
Texto completoAs European standards for CO2 emissions are becoming more stringent, car manufacturers are seeking, among other strategies, to lighten their vehicles to reduce their consumption. Thus, the replacement of metal parts by others made from lighter materials such as polymeric composite materials filled with short fibers is increasingly used in the automotive industry. However, during the design process, engineers face difficulties when trying to numerically model the vibro-acoustic response of these parts and / or assemblies. Indeed, these materials are very sensitive to external parameters such as temperature, loading frequency and humidity. In addition, their behavior also depends on the injection process which has an influence on their local microstructure and more particularly on the orientation and dispersion of the reinforcing fillers. In turn, their numerical modeling is complex and the comparison with the experimental measurements unsatisfactory. In this research work, the influence of the ambient parameters on the dynamic behavior of an oil pan made of polyamide 6 reinforced with 35\% by mass of glass fibers was studied. Local mechanical and microstructural characterizations were performed to investigate the relationship between the microstructure and the properties of these composite materials. A numerical model was then developed on the basis of these experimental studies and allowed to evaluate the influence of the microstructure on the vibratory behavior of a model plate system. Finally, computation / test correlations were performed to compare the numerical modeling method to the measurements. These studies have made it possible to highlight the sensitivity of these materials to their environment, to establish a hierarchy of the influence of the various parameters on their vibration behavior and to propose a "low cost" numerical methodology based on the experimental characterization of constituent elements taken separately
Brunel, Odette. "De la communication acoustique au sein du groupe : contraintes et mécanismes". Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4045/document.
Texto completoIn acoustic insects where males sing in choruses, local signal interference may present major difficulties for females evaluating and individual males. Males too may be prevented from assessing the competitivity of their neighbors as well as from advertising the characteristics of their own signals to females in a clear manner. Moreover, the background noise from local signals may prevent both sexes from perceiving other sounds in the environment, e.g. predator cues. I studied these problems at several levels in two acoustic insect species: in which males broadcast their advertisement songs while remaining in dense clusters. The experiments revealed behavioral mechanisms with which females can identify favored males and others with which males can communicate effectively
Kosad, Youssouf. "Analyse spectrale et comportement asymptotique des solutions de quelques modèles d’équations de transport". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC056/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the spectral theory and the time asymptotic behavior of the solution to Cauchy problems governed by various transport operators. In the first part, we discussed the spectral properties of streaming and transport operators in finite bodies with general boundary conditions. After establishing a compactness result essential to our analysis, we gave a fine description of the asymptotic spectrum of the transport operator. We also derive the regularity and the asymptotic behavior of the solution to Cauchy problem governed by the transport operator supplemented by bounce-back boundary conditions plus a compact operator in the space L^1. In the second part, we discussed the well-posedness and the asymptotic behavior of the solution to Cauchy problem governed by a singular transport operator. Unlike the first part, the analysis of this problem requires the use of Miyadera-Voigt perturbation theory for unbounded operators. In the last part of this work, a Cauchy problem governed by a linear operator introduced by Lebowitz and Rubinow describing a proliferating cell population structured by age and the cycle length was considered. Here our analysis was devoted to the case where the maximum cycle length is infinite
Bret, Céline. "Déterminants individuels de la position sociale et du rôle dans la cohésion de groupe chez trois espèces de cercopithecinae". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209103.
Texto completoDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Wang, Xiaoming. "Analyse du système campagnol provençal (Microtus (terricola) duodecimcostatus) à trois niveaux de perception (groupe social, population et métapopulation)". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20141.
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