Literatura académica sobre el tema "Complex event structure"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Complex event structure"
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Krupa, Tadeusz. "Events and Event Processes". Foundations of Management 1, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2009): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10238-012-0016-9.
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Events and Event ProcessesPresented article describes the issues known from the logical structures characterization theory [2] used in this case to describe the events designed for the needs of proper functioning of organizational structures. Necessary formalization is used strictly for the maintenance of the concept discipline. Event theory [5] is used in the designing of complex structures of organizational systems for which the basic necessity is its compliance with the set functional description. Final organization's characteristics are determined by many factors, such as: a) completeness and non-contradiction of the functional specification b) theoretical correctness of the functional transformation of the organization into the design of its organizational structure c) correctness of the technical project realization.
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Megerdoomian, Karine. "Event Structure and Complex Predicates in Persian". Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 46, n.º 1-2 (junio de 2001): 97–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100017953.
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AbstractThis article investigates the syntactic and semantic properties of complex predicates in Persian in order to isolate the individual contributions of the verbal components. The event structure of causative alternation and unergative verbs is determined, based on a decomposition of the verbal construction into primitive syntactic elements consisting of lexical roots and functional heads, with the latter projecting all arguments of the verbal construction. An analysis is provided whereby the argument structure is not projected from the lexicon but is formed compositionally by the conjunction of the primitive components of the complex predicate in syntax. The dual behaviour of Persian complex predicates as lexical and syntactic elements, which has been attested in Persian literature on light verb constructions, follows naturally from the analysis proposed since there is no strict division between the level of word formation and the component manipulating phrasal constructs.
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Kallunki, J. "Complex Type II Solar Radio Event on 4 July 2022". Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 59, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2022-0044.
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Abstract On 4 July 2022, a complex low-frequency solar radio burst was observed in Metsähovi Radio Observatory of Aalto University. The radio burst was observed at a frequency range between 20 and 80 MHz. In GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) class, the event was classified as C5.1. However, coronal mass ejection (CME) was not associated to this event. The observed radio burst was a long-lasting (~10 minutes) event, and it could be mainly classified as type II solar radio event. Also type III solar events were observed before long-lasting type II event. The event includes common frequency drifting emission structures, both fundamental and harmonic structures, but also rarely observed continuum-like or stationary structure. It is assumed that the continuum-like radio emission structure is originated from the stationary flare (coronal) loop, which was visible over the whole event. The drifting emission structure means accelerated electrons, which are produced by the shock related phenomena. The paper provides the observations from this event on radio wavelength, and also soft-X-ray regime and optical wavelength (AIA 171). In addition, a possible, simplified scenario is presented for forming the drifting and continuum solar radio emissions in type II solar burst.
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Guo, Yi Fei, Shi Si y Da Wei Jin. "System Security Monitoring Based on Complex Event Processing and Neural Network". Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (junio de 2014): 626–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.626.
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Recently system security monitoring has meet several challenges. Therefore a system security monitoring approach based on complex event processing and dynamic structure-based neural networks is proposed in this paper. Firstly, complex event processing is used to handle real-time event streams and extract complex events from system security sensors. Secondly, the complex events from CEP would be used for further study by dynamic structure-based neural network. Finally the process of system security monitoring is showed and experiments would be applied to validate the feasibility, efficiency and precision of the approach.
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Isaev, B. A. y I. F. Ignatieva. "Структура революций. Часть 2. Стадийная и событийная структура революций". Konfliktologia 13, n.º 3 (19 de octubre de 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-6085-2018-13-3-9-28.
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This article analyzes one of the most important features of the revolution — its structure. The author highlights several structures, but the main attention is focusing on the analysis of сonflictological, socio-political and stagе-event structures. In the second part of the article examines the event and step structure of revolutions. In the analysis of chemical structure of revolutions the author compared the approaches of P. Sorokin, C. Brinton, P. Shtompka, other authors and concluded that 1. step structure of such a complex, long and changing socio-political phenomenon, as revolution cannot be adequately described in three or four stages, that «normal» stages of revolutions are the 8–10 stages; 2. for more accurate and detailed descriptions of revolutions must complement structure-stage dust cleaning event; 3. stagе-event structure can be applied both for individual use and together with conflictological and socio-political structures to more adequately describe the complex phenomenon of revolution. From the point of view of the author, the step structure revolution consists of eight defined stages: 1. pre-revolutionary fermentation; 2. revolution in the public consciousness; 3. the revolutionary situation; 4. moderate start of the revolution; 5. a radical extension (switching power to the radical revolutionaries) 6. strong suppression (counter-revolutionary or moderately-revolutionary dictatorship); 7. removing the dictator, the convergence of pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary values; 8. post-revolutionary reform. Each stage contains certain revolutionary events. These stages and events and make up a stage-event structure of revolution. At the end of the article, the author shows how to use the different investigated them structures can solve applied problems analysis of revolutions, and makes the overall conclusions regarding the first and second part of the article. The main conclusions are that the diversity of revolutions dictates have to analyze multiple structures revolutions, leading from which are сonflictological, socio-political and stage-event structure.
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Jia, Yunsong, Shuaiqi Huang y Xiang Li. "Complex event processing system for IoT greenhouse". E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 01048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126701048.
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Greenhouse is an important part of facility agriculture and a typical application scenario of modern agricultural technology. The greenhouse environment has the characteristics of nonlinearity, strong coupling, large inertia, and multiple disturbances. There are many environmental factors and it is a typical complex system [7]. In smart greenhouses, control commands are mostly triggered by complex events with multi-dimensional information. In this paper, by building the aggregation structure of complex events in the greenhouse, the technology is applied in the greenhouse as a whole. The core innovations of this paper are as follows: through the analysis of the information transmission process in the greenhouse, combined with the characteristics of the scene, a CEP information structure with predictive modules is formed, which is conducive to the popularization and application of CEP technology in the agricultural field. Pointed out the importance of extreme conditions in the prediction of the greenhouse environment for model evaluation. By improving the loss function in the machine learning algorithm, the prediction performance of a variety of algorithms under this condition has been improved. Applying CEP technology to intelligent greenhouse control scenarios, a set of practical complex event processing systems for greenhouse control has been formed.
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BASCIANO, Bianca. "On the event structure of Chinese resultative compounds". Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 48, n.º 2 (27 de noviembre de 2019): 173–241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-04802002.
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Abstract It has been observed that Chinese resultative compounds display varied aspectual behaviors. Yong (1997) distinguishes between simple change resultatives, i.e. resultatives expressing instantaneous change, but allowing a process preliminary to the final change, and complex change resultatives, i.e. those allowing a gradual development of action. Starting from this distinction, this paper aims at providing a structural account of these resultative compounds, based on the constructionist framework put forth by Ramchand (2008), arguing that only simple change resultatives are characterized by having a result layer in their eventive structure. Complex change resultatives, in contrast, are characterized by having the result element in the complement position of the process projection, providing a scalar path. This allows a gradual change of state, and telicity emerges when the path is bounded. The paper also discusses the relation between complex change resultatives and degree achievements.
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Browne, Mitchell. "On the Integration of Dative Adjuncts into Event Structures in Yapa Languages". Languages 6, n.º 3 (13 de agosto de 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6030136.
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Warlpiri and Warlmanpa (Ngumpin-Yapa languages of Australia) exhibit a complex predicate construction in which a class of preverbs introduces a single argument that is not shared by the argument structure of the inflecting verb, nor is there necessarily any shared event structure. This is problematic for many theories of linking structures of complex predicates, since no arguments or events are shared between the predicative elements of the complex predicate. The same grammatical relation is instantiated by a beneficiary adjunct. In light of new research in event and argument structure, I propose a lexical rule which introduces an applicative argument to account for the beneficiary construction; and that the preverbs take another predicate as one of their arguments to account for the complex predicates. The applicative rule and the preverbs both introduce an argument of the same grammatical relation, leading to interesting interactions, given that two grammatical relations of the same type are not expected to co-occur within a single clause.
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Farkas, Imola-Ágnes. "Până-PPs and Complex Event Constructions in Romanian". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 67, n.º 1 (25 de marzo de 2022): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2022.1.09.
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"Până-PPs and Complex Event Constructions in Romanian. This paper examines the syntactic and semantic status of Romanian PPs headed by the morphologically complex prepositions până în/la ʻuntil/as far as/up to in/at’ in VPs of change of location (a pluti până în peșteră ʻfloat up to the caveʼ) and change of state (a munci până la epuizare ʻwork to the point of exhaustionʼ). Contrary to the claims made in the literature (Barbu 2015), the approach taken here argues that these – and other similar – VPs cannot be considered complex event constructions such as goal-of-motion structures and strong resultative constructions, respectively. The discussion revolves around the interpretation of the entire VP, the lack of any type of restriction on the syntactic and semantic classification of the verb, the violation of the Direct Object Restriction, as well as the borderline between these PPs and temporal adjuncts. These properties highlight the fact that the availability of such VPs does not turn Romanian into a satellite-framed language as they are not real counterexamples to the Talmian generalization according to which verb-framed Romanian disallows these two complex event constructions. Keywords: goal-of-motion structure, resultative construction, VP, până-PP, Romanian "
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Kovács, László y Dávid Polonkai. "Event sequence segmentation for parallel processes". Production Systems and Information Engineering 10, n.º 2 (2022): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32968/psaie.2022.2.5.
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The robotic process mining focuses on the analysis of historical process sequences in order to build up a process model for the investigated field. One of the main tasks in robotic process mining is the construction of process schema for the input sequences. Usual methods are able to generate models using only baseline graph structures. In order to support high level structures like parallelism, the input event sequence structure must support additional attributes on the events. This paper presents a novel approach on sequence segmentation providing an intermediate graph structure which can be used to mine complex graph patterns. The tested prototype system contains a Python-based implementation of the proposed algorithm. In the paper, some tests are shown to illustrate the suitability of the proposed model.
Tesis sobre el tema "Complex event structure"
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BASCIANO, Bianca. "Verbal compounding and causativity in Mandarin Chinese". Doctoral thesis, Università di Verona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10278/39707.
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L’oggetto di studio di questa tesi sono i composti verbali [V V]V con testa a sinistra in cinese mandarino. Tali formazioni costituiscono un fenomeno di grande interesse, in quanto rappresentano un’eccezione alla tendenza generale del cinese a formare parole composte con testa a destra. Questa ricerca si focalizza, in particolare, su alcune tipologie di composti causativi con testa a sinistra; in questo lavoro, tali composti sono considerati come una strategia innovativa del cinese moderno, diffusasi in seguito alla perdita di altri mezzi per esprimere causatività in questa lingua, nel quadro del cambiamento tipologico del cinese da lingua maggiormente sintetica a lingua maggiormente analitica.
I composti causativi oggetto di questa ricerca sono stati analizzati utilizzando il framework proposto da Ramchand (2008), che consiste in una scomposizione sintattica della struttura dell’evento. Il lavoro è supportato empiricamente da una varietà di dati provenienti da diverse fonti. Innanzitutto, i dati sono stati ricavati dalla bibliografia sull’argomento e da alcuni dizionari di cinese mandarino. Inoltre, sono stati utilizzati due corpora di cinese mandarino (il corpus del Centro di Linguistica Cinese dell’Università di Pechino e, marginalmente, il corpus di cinese mandarino dell’Academia Sinica), testi letterari e giornalistici (soprattutto testi disponibili on-line) e dati tratti da ricerche sul web. Infine, per i giudizi di grammaticalità ci si è avvalsi anche della consulenza di parlanti nativi, soprattutto studenti universitari.
Il primo tipo di verbi complessi analizzato è costituito da composti in cui V1 è una radice verbale light, fonologicamente realizzata, come ad esempio 弄 nòng ‘fare’, 打 dǎ ‘colpire’, 搞 gǎo ‘fare’, 加 jiā ‘aggiungere, aumentare’. Questi verbi light sono stati considerati, all’interno del framework proposto da Ramchand (2008), come items lessicali causativi che formano la versione transitiva di verbi incoativi, attraverso un processo di costruzione della struttura. L’alternanza causativa in cinese, dunque, può essere ottenuta per mezzo di verbi light che marcano la variante transitiva.
Tra le radici causative light, una particolare attenzione è stata rivolta a 打 dǎ, il cui sviluppo diacronico ci ha portato ad ipotizzare che la sua funzione come elemento lessicale causativo si sia sviluppata a partire dal suo significato di ‘fare, creare’. A sostegno di questa ipotesi, la radice 打 dǎ è stata messa a confronto con forme parallele di altre due lingue sinitiche, ossia 拍 phah4 nel dialetto Min meridionale parlato a Taiwan e 打 da2 in Hakka.
Inoltre, in questo lavoro è stata analizzata come elemento causativo anche la radice 加 jiā ‘aggiungere, aumentare’. Questa radice rappresenterebbe un tipo particolare di verbo causativo light: forma la versione transitiva di verbi deaggettivali di scala aperta, in particolare di quei verbi che esprimono un “aumento” nella proprietà denotata dalla base aggettivale. I composti causativi formati con una radice verbale light sono stati messi a confronto con un altro tipo di verbi complessi, ossia verbi derivati con il suffisso 化 -huà ‘-izzare, -ificare, ecc.’ (ad es. 现代化 xiàndàihuà ‘modernizzare’, 美化 měihuà ‘bello + SUFF = abbellire), un modello di formazione di parola piuttosto produttivo in questa lingua, sottolineando le differenze in termini di caratteristiche e di funzioni tra il suffisso 化 -huà e i verbi causativi light.
La discussione sui verbi causativi light, che tiene conto anche di elementi simili in altre lingue sinitiche (il dialetto Min meridionale parlato a Taiwan e l’Hakka), fornisce argomenti a sostegno dell’ipotesi che la direzione dell’alternanza causativa sia da incoativo a causativo (cfr. Hale & Keyser 1998, Hoekstra 1992, 2004, Ramchand 2008) e non viceversa (cfr. Levin & Rappaport Hovav 1995, Reinhart 2002, Chierchia (2004 [1989]), dal momento che il verbo light esplicita la presenza di una componente causativa e la forma transitiva è strutturalmente marcata.
Il secondo tipo di verbi complessi presi in esame sono i composti risultativi, oggetto di un vivace dibattito nella bibliografia sull’argomento. In questo lavoro si sostiene che i composti risultativi, così come i verbi formati con un verbo causativo light, esprimono causatività diretta. La differenza tra i due tipi di verbi complessi sta nel fatto che, mentre i composti formati con un verbo light esplicitano la presenza di una componente causativa, ma non specificano il tipo di azione che porta allo stato risultante, nei composti risultativi viene specificata l’azione particolare che porta al cambiamento di stato.
L’analisi dei composti risultativi basata sul framework proposto da Ramchand (2008) permette di superare molte delle difficoltà derivanti da approcci che cercano di spiegare le proprietà di questi composti in base alla transitività dei costituenti (ad esempio, Li 1990) ed evidenzia i vantaggi di un approccio basato sulla struttura dell’evento (cfr. Cheng & Huang 1994). Inoltre, questo tipo di analisi permette di scomporre l’evento in una struttura funzionale che si presuppone essere universale: i blocchi fondamentali che costituiscono l’evento sono gli stessi a livello cross-linguistico (cfr. Ramchand 2008, Son & Svenonius 2008). La scomposizione sintattica della struttura eventiva dei composti risultativi del cinese fornisce anche sostegno all’ipotesi secondo la quale tali composti hanno testa a sinistra sulla base di motivazioni strutturali (cfr. Cheng & Huang 1994).
L’ultimo tipo di composti causativi analizzati sono verbi complessi che, a nostro avviso, esprimono causatività indiretta. Diversamente dagli altri due tipi di verbi complessi analizzati in questo lavoro, questi composti permettono un certo grado di autonomia dell’evento causato, che varia a seconda del tipo di V1 utilizzato. Il gruppo di possibili V1 utilizzati nella formazione di questi composti è piuttosto ristretto: ad esempio, 请 qǐng ‘chiedere’, 邀 yāo ‘invitare’, 求 qiú ‘chiedere, richiedere’, 劝 quàn ‘dare un consiglio/persuadere’, 促 cù ‘promuovere’, 助 zhù ‘aiutare’, 逼 bì ‘forzare’, 迫 pò ‘forzare’, 禁 jìn ‘proibire’, 拒 jù ‘rifiutare’.
L’analisi di queste forme verbali complesse in cinese mandarino, anche in prospettiva diacronica e, marginalmente, cross-linguistica, ci ha permesso di sostenere la proposta di Ramchand (2008), secondo cui i blocchi fondamentali che costruiscono il significato dell’evento sono gli stessi per tutte le lingue, e le lingue variano solo nel modo in cui esprimono la struttura dell’evento, a seconda dell’inventario di items lessicali disponibili e di altre caratteristiche idiolinguistiche. Dunque, la preferenza per l’espressione di eventi complessi in cinese attraverso la composizione sarebbe strettamente legata all’analiticità di questa lingua.
L’indagine sui composti causativi in cinese mandarino ha anche dimostrato che i composti con testa a sinistra in questa lingua sono caratterizzati da una struttura funzionale gerarchica soggiacente, in cui i due costituenti rappresentano lo spell-out di teste differenti di questa struttura. Sarebbe proprio la presenza di struttura funzionale a guidare l’interpretazione di questi composti; infatti, mentre i composti con testa a destra in cinese sembrano essere caratterizzati da una grande libertà di interpretazione (le relazioni possibili tra i costituenti possono essere molteplici), caratteristica particolarmente evidente nei composti nominali, i composti con testa a sinistra sembrano avere un’interpretazione piuttosto ristretta.This thesis deals with the issue of left-headed verbal V-V compounds in Mandarin Chinese, which represent an interesting phenomenon, since they are an exception to the general tendency of Chinese to form right-headed compounds. In particular, this research takes into account some types of left-headed causative compounds, which are considered as an alternative (analytic) strategy to express causativity in Mandarin Chinese, after the loss of other morphological and phonological strategies, as a consequence of the typological shift of Chinese from a synthetic to an analytic language. This thesis provides an analysis of such causative compounds adopting the framework put forth by Ramchand (2008), which consists in a syntactic decomposition of the event structure. First, we consider the issue of the causative alternation by means of phonetically realized light V1s, e.g. 弄 nòng ‘make’, 打 dǎ ‘hit’, 搞 gǎo ‘do’, 加 jiā ‘add; increase’. The phonetically realized light verbs are considered to be init heads with semantics of general causation, which build an extra-layer on top of verbs lacking an [init] feature in their lexical entry, through a process of structure building. We focus mainly on 打 dǎ ‘hit’ (and, also, comparing it with analogous roots in Taiwanese Southern Min and Hakka) and 加 jiā ‘add; increase’, which is found only in the formation of transitive deadjectival verbs based on open-range adjectives, in particular those involving an increase in the property denoted by the adjective. We claim that 加 jiā ‘add; increase’, besides contributing an extra (causative) layer, seems also to be the overt realization of one of the parts involved in the logical representation of degree achievement verbs, i.e. the increasing event (cf. Hay, Kennedy & Levin 1999). The second type of causative V-V compounds discussed in this thesis are resultative compounds, e.g. 摇醒 yáoxǐng ‘shake-awake’, 哭湿 kūshī ‘cry-wet’, a very debated issue in the literature on the topic, which apparently arose as an alternative causative strategy after the loss of other means to express causativity in Chinese, following the typological shift undergone by this language. In resultative compounds the nature of the causing event is fully expressed by the left-hand verbal root, specifying the kind of action which brings about the change of state, while in transitive verbs formed with a light V1 the causing event is spelled out by the left-hand verbal root, which just provides an [init] feature to the event. In the latter case, many different actions can bring about the resultant state expressed by V2, much as in the case of English labile causatives, e.g. break. The decomposition of the event structure based on a hierarchical functional structure also enables us to defend the position that resultative compounds are left-headed due to structural reasons (cf. Cheng & Huang 1994). In fact, assuming a structural notion of headedness, it is clear that V1 acts as the head of the compound: the two constituents of a resultative compound spell out different heads in a functional hierarchical structure characterized by causal embedding; nevertheless, it is V1 which identifies the hierarchically superior head in the structure. Lastly, this thesis takes into account another kind of left-headed causative compounds, which, to the best of our knowledge, have not received much attention in the literature. We propose a tentative analysis of this kind of compounds, which, according to us, express indirect causation. Differently from resultative compounds and causative verbs with a light V1, these compounds allow a certain degree of autonomy of the caused event, which varies according to the kind of V1 involved. The set of possible roots occurring in this kind of compounds is quite restricted, e.g. 请 qǐng ‘ask’, 邀 yāo ‘invite, request’, 求 qiú ‘ask, request’, 劝 quàn ‘advice/persuade’, 促 cù ‘promote’, 助 zhù ‘help’, 逼 bì ‘force’, 迫 pò ‘force’, 禁 jìn ‘prohibit’, 拒 jù ‘refuse’. Some of these items are apparently very similar to curative affixes in some languages . The analysis of such verbal formations, also in a diachronic and, marginally, cross-linguistic perspective, enables us to support Ramchand’s (2008) claim, namely that the fundamental building blocks of the eventive meaning are the same for all languages, and languages vary only in the “size” of their lexical items, plus other idiolinguistic characteristics: thus, the very same syntactic structures can be expressed lexically, synthetically or analytically, depending on the language and on the particular lexical items in its inventory. Therefore, it does not come as a surprise that an analytic language like Modern Chinese prefers to express complex event structures through compounding, which is also its most productive means of word formation.
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Cheng, Zhiliang. "Posttargeting Events in Cotranslational Translocation Through the Sec61 Complex: a Thesis". eScholarship@UMMS, 2006. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1.
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The cytoplasmic surface of Sec61p is the binding site for the ribosome and has been proposed to interact with the signal recognition particle receptor during targeting of the ribosome nascent chain complex to the translocation channel. Point mutations in cytoplasmic loops six (L6) and eight (L8) of yeast Sec61p cause reductions in growth rates and defects in translocation of nascent polypeptides that utilize the cotranslational translocation pathway. Sec61 heterotrimers isolated from the L8 sec61 mutants have a greatly reduced affinity for 80S ribosomes. Cytoplasmic accumulation of protein precursors demonstrates that the initial contact between the large ribosomal subunit and the Sec61 complex is important for efficient insertion of a nascent polypeptide into the translocation pore. In contrast, point mutations in L6 of Sec61p inhibit cotranslational translocation without significantly reducing the ribosome binding activity, indicating that the L6 and L8 sec61 mutants impact different steps in the cotranslational translocation pathway.
Integral membrane proteins are cotranslationally inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum via the protein translocation channel, which mediates the translocation of lumenal domains, retention of cytosolic domains and integration of transmembrane spans into the phospholipid bilayer. We analyzed the in vivo kinetics of integration of model membrane proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using ubiquitin translocation assay reporters. A signal anchor sequence from a type II membrane protein gates the translocon pore less rapidly than a cleavable signal sequence from a secretory protein. Transmembrane spans and lumenal domains are exposed to the cytosol during integration of a poly topic membrane protein. The conformational changes in the translocon that permit opening of the lumenal and lateral channel gates occur less rapidly than elongation of the nascent polypeptide. Cytosolic exposure of transmembrane spans and lumenal domains poses a challenge to the fidelity of membrane protein integration.
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Knüpfer, Andreas. "Advanced Memory Data Structures for Scalable Event Trace Analysis". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1239979718089-56362.
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The thesis presents a contribution to the analysis and visualization of computational performance based on event traces with a particular focus on parallel programs and High Performance Computing (HPC). Event traces contain detailed information about specified incidents (events) during run-time of programs and allow minute investigation of dynamic program behavior, various performance metrics, and possible causes of performance flaws. Due to long running and highly parallel programs and very fine detail resolutions, event traces can accumulate huge amounts of data which become a challenge for interactive as well as automatic analysis and visualization tools. The thesis proposes a method of exploiting redundancy in the event traces in order to reduce the memory requirements and the computational complexity of event trace analysis. The sources of redundancy are repeated segments of the original program, either through iterative or recursive algorithms or through SPMD-style parallel programs, which produce equal or similar repeated event sequences. The data reduction technique is based on the novel Complete Call Graph (CCG) data structure which allows domain specific data compression for event traces in a combination of lossless and lossy methods. All deviations due to lossy data compression can be controlled by constant bounds. The compression of the CCG data structure is incorporated in the construction process, such that at no point substantial uncompressed parts have to be stored. Experiments with real-world example traces reveal the potential for very high data compression. The results range from factors of 3 to 15 for small scale compression with minimum deviation of the data to factors > 100 for large scale compression with moderate deviation. Based on the CCG data structure, new algorithms for the most common evaluation and analysis methods for event traces are presented, which require no explicit decompression. By avoiding repeated evaluation of formerly redundant event sequences, the computational effort of the new algorithms can be reduced in the same extent as memory consumption. The thesis includes a comprehensive discussion of the state-of-the-art and related work, a detailed presentation of the design of the CCG data structure, an elaborate description of algorithms for construction, compression, and analysis of CCGs, and an extensive experimental validation of all componentsDiese Dissertation stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz für die Analyse und Visualisierung der Berechnungs-Performance vor, der auf dem Ereignis-Tracing basiert und insbesondere auf parallele Programme und das Hochleistungsrechnen (High Performance Computing, HPC) zugeschnitten ist. Ereignis-Traces (Ereignis-Spuren) enthalten detaillierte Informationen über spezifizierte Ereignisse während der Laufzeit eines Programms und erlauben eine sehr genaue Untersuchung des dynamischen Verhaltens, verschiedener Performance-Metriken und potentieller Performance-Probleme. Aufgrund lang laufender und hoch paralleler Anwendungen und dem hohen Detailgrad kann das Ereignis-Tracing sehr große Datenmengen produzieren. Diese stellen ihrerseits eine Herausforderung für interaktive und automatische Analyse- und Visualisierungswerkzeuge dar. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert eine Methode, die Redundanzen in den Ereignis-Traces ausnutzt, um sowohl die Speicheranforderungen als auch die Laufzeitkomplexität der Trace-Analyse zu reduzieren. Die Ursachen für Redundanzen sind wiederholt ausgeführte Programmabschnitte, entweder durch iterative oder rekursive Algorithmen oder durch SPMD-Parallelisierung, die gleiche oder ähnliche Ereignis-Sequenzen erzeugen. Die Datenreduktion basiert auf der neuartigen Datenstruktur der "Vollständigen Aufruf-Graphen" (Complete Call Graph, CCG) und erlaubt eine Kombination von verlustfreier und verlustbehafteter Datenkompression. Dabei können konstante Grenzen für alle Abweichungen durch verlustbehaftete Kompression vorgegeben werden. Die Datenkompression ist in den Aufbau der Datenstruktur integriert, so dass keine umfangreichen unkomprimierten Teile vor der Kompression im Hauptspeicher gehalten werden müssen. Das enorme Kompressionsvermögen des neuen Ansatzes wird anhand einer Reihe von Beispielen aus realen Anwendungsszenarien nachgewiesen. Die dabei erzielten Resultate reichen von Kompressionsfaktoren von 3 bis 5 mit nur minimalen Abweichungen aufgrund der verlustbehafteten Kompression bis zu Faktoren > 100 für hochgradige Kompression. Basierend auf der CCG_Datenstruktur werden außerdem neue Auswertungs- und Analyseverfahren für Ereignis-Traces vorgestellt, die ohne explizite Dekompression auskommen. Damit kann die Laufzeitkomplexität der Analyse im selben Maß gesenkt werden wie der Hauptspeicherbedarf, indem komprimierte Ereignis-Sequenzen nicht mehrmals analysiert werden. Die vorliegende Dissertation enthält eine ausführliche Vorstellung des Stands der Technik und verwandter Arbeiten in diesem Bereich, eine detaillierte Herleitung der neu eingeführten Daten-strukturen, der Konstruktions-, Kompressions- und Analysealgorithmen sowie eine umfangreiche experimentelle Auswertung und Validierung aller Bestandteile
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Knüpfer, Andreas. "Advanced Memory Data Structures for Scalable Event Trace Analysis". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23611.
Texto completoResumen
The thesis presents a contribution to the analysis and visualization of computational performance based on event traces with a particular focus on parallel programs and High Performance Computing (HPC). Event traces contain detailed information about specified incidents (events) during run-time of programs and allow minute investigation of dynamic program behavior, various performance metrics, and possible causes of performance flaws. Due to long running and highly parallel programs and very fine detail resolutions, event traces can accumulate huge amounts of data which become a challenge for interactive as well as automatic analysis and visualization tools. The thesis proposes a method of exploiting redundancy in the event traces in order to reduce the memory requirements and the computational complexity of event trace analysis. The sources of redundancy are repeated segments of the original program, either through iterative or recursive algorithms or through SPMD-style parallel programs, which produce equal or similar repeated event sequences. The data reduction technique is based on the novel Complete Call Graph (CCG) data structure which allows domain specific data compression for event traces in a combination of lossless and lossy methods. All deviations due to lossy data compression can be controlled by constant bounds. The compression of the CCG data structure is incorporated in the construction process, such that at no point substantial uncompressed parts have to be stored. Experiments with real-world example traces reveal the potential for very high data compression. The results range from factors of 3 to 15 for small scale compression with minimum deviation of the data to factors > 100 for large scale compression with moderate deviation. Based on the CCG data structure, new algorithms for the most common evaluation and analysis methods for event traces are presented, which require no explicit decompression. By avoiding repeated evaluation of formerly redundant event sequences, the computational effort of the new algorithms can be reduced in the same extent as memory consumption. The thesis includes a comprehensive discussion of the state-of-the-art and related work, a detailed presentation of the design of the CCG data structure, an elaborate description of algorithms for construction, compression, and analysis of CCGs, and an extensive experimental validation of all components.Diese Dissertation stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz für die Analyse und Visualisierung der Berechnungs-Performance vor, der auf dem Ereignis-Tracing basiert und insbesondere auf parallele Programme und das Hochleistungsrechnen (High Performance Computing, HPC) zugeschnitten ist. Ereignis-Traces (Ereignis-Spuren) enthalten detaillierte Informationen über spezifizierte Ereignisse während der Laufzeit eines Programms und erlauben eine sehr genaue Untersuchung des dynamischen Verhaltens, verschiedener Performance-Metriken und potentieller Performance-Probleme. Aufgrund lang laufender und hoch paralleler Anwendungen und dem hohen Detailgrad kann das Ereignis-Tracing sehr große Datenmengen produzieren. Diese stellen ihrerseits eine Herausforderung für interaktive und automatische Analyse- und Visualisierungswerkzeuge dar. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert eine Methode, die Redundanzen in den Ereignis-Traces ausnutzt, um sowohl die Speicheranforderungen als auch die Laufzeitkomplexität der Trace-Analyse zu reduzieren. Die Ursachen für Redundanzen sind wiederholt ausgeführte Programmabschnitte, entweder durch iterative oder rekursive Algorithmen oder durch SPMD-Parallelisierung, die gleiche oder ähnliche Ereignis-Sequenzen erzeugen. Die Datenreduktion basiert auf der neuartigen Datenstruktur der "Vollständigen Aufruf-Graphen" (Complete Call Graph, CCG) und erlaubt eine Kombination von verlustfreier und verlustbehafteter Datenkompression. Dabei können konstante Grenzen für alle Abweichungen durch verlustbehaftete Kompression vorgegeben werden. Die Datenkompression ist in den Aufbau der Datenstruktur integriert, so dass keine umfangreichen unkomprimierten Teile vor der Kompression im Hauptspeicher gehalten werden müssen. Das enorme Kompressionsvermögen des neuen Ansatzes wird anhand einer Reihe von Beispielen aus realen Anwendungsszenarien nachgewiesen. Die dabei erzielten Resultate reichen von Kompressionsfaktoren von 3 bis 5 mit nur minimalen Abweichungen aufgrund der verlustbehafteten Kompression bis zu Faktoren > 100 für hochgradige Kompression. Basierend auf der CCG_Datenstruktur werden außerdem neue Auswertungs- und Analyseverfahren für Ereignis-Traces vorgestellt, die ohne explizite Dekompression auskommen. Damit kann die Laufzeitkomplexität der Analyse im selben Maß gesenkt werden wie der Hauptspeicherbedarf, indem komprimierte Ereignis-Sequenzen nicht mehrmals analysiert werden. Die vorliegende Dissertation enthält eine ausführliche Vorstellung des Stands der Technik und verwandter Arbeiten in diesem Bereich, eine detaillierte Herleitung der neu eingeführten Daten-strukturen, der Konstruktions-, Kompressions- und Analysealgorithmen sowie eine umfangreiche experimentelle Auswertung und Validierung aller Bestandteile.
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Pryputniewicz-Drobińska, Diana. "Regulated complex assembly protects cells from aberrant Sleeping Beauty transposition events". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16217.
Texto completoResumen
Transposons sind genetische Elemente, die fähig sind, sich innerhalb des Genoms zu bewegen. Sleeping Beauty (SB) gehört zur Tc1/mariner-Superfamilie von Transposons. SB wurde aus molekularen Fossilien rekonstruiert um u.a. einen sicheren und effizienten Vektor für die Gentherapie zu schaffen. Zu diesem Zweck ist es notwendig, den Mechanismus der SB-Transposition und deren Regulation, die Aktivitäten des Proteins und den Einfluss von Wirtsfaktoren genau zu verstehen. In meiner Arbeit habe ich die einzelnen Schritte des Transpositionsprozesses und die Bildung des sogenannten paired-end complex (PEC) – eine Voraussetzung für die folgenden katalytischen Reaktionen – untersucht. Zusätzlich habe ich versucht, einen in vitro Transpositionstest für SB zu etablieren. SB gehört zur IR/DR-Gruppe der Tc1/mariner-Superfamilie. Im Gegensatz zu mariner-like-Elementen ist die IR/DR-Struktur von SB durch lange IRs mit insgesamt vier Bindestellen für die Transposase gekennzeichnet. Ich habe die Fähigkeit dieser beiden Transposon-Systeme zum Ausschneiden eines Transposonendes ohne die Beteiligung des anderen Endes im PEC getestet. Solche unpräzise Transposition kann zu genomic rearrangements führen. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen, dass SB zwar imstande ist, ein einzelnes Transposonende auszuschneiden, dies geschieht jedoch weit weniger effizient als bei mariner-like-Elementen. Die Unterdrückung unpräziser Transpositionsereignisse ist ein Ergebnis der besseren durch die IR/DR-Struktur bedingten Regulation von SBs Transposition. Die Komplexität der IRs in Kombination mit der zweiteiligen DNA-Bindedomäne von SB kann als Mittel einer raffinierten Regulation des Transpositionsprozesses angesehen werden, welche das Genom vor anormalen Transpositionsereignissen schützt. Die Ergebnisse meiner Arbeit legen ein Modell nahe, in dem die Bildung des PEC während der Transposition von SB ein höchst genau regulierter Prozess ist, der durch die DNA-Protein- und Protein-Protein-Bindeaffinitäten geleitet wird.Transposons are pieces of DNA able to move within the genomes. Sleeping Beauty is a verterbrate Tc1/mariner transposon reconstructed from molecular fossils to create a safe and efficient vector for gene therapy. For that purpose it is important to deeply understand the mechanism and regulation of the SB transposition, the activities of the transposase and influence of host factors on the process. Therefore, in this project I studied the single steps of the transposition reaction and formation of the paired-end complex (PEC) which is a prerequisite for the subsequent catalytic steps. Additionally, I tried to establish an in vitro transposition assay for Sleeping Beauty that would serve an easy assay for testing the system and probe mechanisms affecting the regulation of transposition activity. Sleeping Beauty belongs to the IR/DR subfamily of the Tc1/mariner-like transposons. In contrast to mariner-like elements the IR/DR structure of SB is characterized by long IRs with four binding sites for the transposase. I compared the ability of the two systems to perform cleavage of the single transposon end without including the second end in the PEC. Such imprecise transposition can lead to genome rearrangements. My results show that SB is capable of single-end cleavage; however, to much lower extent than the mariner-like element. Lower number of imprecise transposition events is a result of better regulation of the SB transposition imposed by the IR/DR stucture. The complexity of the inverted repeats together with the bipartite DNA-binding domain of SB might offer means for more sophisticated regulation of the transposition process, thereby protecting the genome from aberrant transposition events. I propose that complex formation in SB transposition is a strictly regulated ordered assembly process, guided by DNA-protein and protein-protein interaction interfaces of the DNA-binding subdomains. Obtained results allowed me to draw a model how the paired-end complex is formed.
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(11021115), Pin-Hsi Chen. "An Exo-Skeletal Analysis of Complex-Path Motion Predicates in Taiwan Mandarin". Thesis, 2021.
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This study analyzes the syntactic structure of motion predicates in Mandarin, with a specific focus on how the language expresses paths of motion and telicity. It adopts a generative-constructionist model called the Exo-Skeletal Model. Data were gathered from three native speakers of Mandarin living in Taiwan, using video prompts depicting various types of motion events. Upon seeing a prompt, the speakers produced a sentence or sentences describing the event in the prompt. Based on the data, this study points out a number of syntactic patterns unique to Mandarin, and it proposes an explanatory account of these patterns.
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BASCIANO, Bianca. "Verbal compounding and causativity in Mandarin Chinese". Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/343978.
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L’oggetto di studio di questa tesi sono i composti verbali [V V]V con testa a sinistra in cinese mandarino. Tali formazioni costituiscono un fenomeno di grande interesse, in quanto rappresentano un’eccezione alla tendenza generale del cinese a formare parole composte con testa a destra. Questa ricerca si focalizza, in particolare, su alcune tipologie di composti causativi con testa a sinistra; in questo lavoro, tali composti sono considerati come una strategia innovativa del cinese moderno, diffusasi in seguito alla perdita di altri mezzi per esprimere causatività in questa lingua, nel quadro del cambiamento tipologico del cinese da lingua maggiormente sintetica a lingua maggiormente analitica.
I composti causativi oggetto di questa ricerca sono stati analizzati utilizzando il framework proposto da Ramchand (2008), che consiste in una scomposizione sintattica della struttura dell’evento. Il lavoro è supportato empiricamente da una varietà di dati provenienti da diverse fonti. Innanzitutto, i dati sono stati ricavati dalla bibliografia sull’argomento e da alcuni dizionari di cinese mandarino. Inoltre, sono stati utilizzati due corpora di cinese mandarino (il corpus del Centro di Linguistica Cinese dell’Università di Pechino e, marginalmente, il corpus di cinese mandarino dell’Academia Sinica), testi letterari e giornalistici (soprattutto testi disponibili on-line) e dati tratti da ricerche sul web. Infine, per i giudizi di grammaticalità ci si è avvalsi anche della consulenza di parlanti nativi, soprattutto studenti universitari.
Il primo tipo di verbi complessi analizzato è costituito da composti in cui V1 è una radice verbale light, fonologicamente realizzata, come ad esempio 弄 nòng ‘fare’, 打 dǎ ‘colpire’, 搞 gǎo ‘fare’, 加 jiā ‘aggiungere, aumentare’. Questi verbi light sono stati considerati, all’interno del framework proposto da Ramchand (2008), come items lessicali causativi che formano la versione transitiva di verbi incoativi, attraverso un processo di costruzione della struttura. L’alternanza causativa in cinese, dunque, può essere ottenuta per mezzo di verbi light che marcano la variante transitiva.
Tra le radici causative light, una particolare attenzione è stata rivolta a 打 dǎ, il cui sviluppo diacronico ci ha portato ad ipotizzare che la sua funzione come elemento lessicale causativo si sia sviluppata a partire dal suo significato di ‘fare, creare’. A sostegno di questa ipotesi, la radice 打 dǎ è stata messa a confronto con forme parallele di altre due lingue sinitiche, ossia 拍 phah4 nel dialetto Min meridionale parlato a Taiwan e 打 da2 in Hakka.
Inoltre, in questo lavoro è stata analizzata come elemento causativo anche la radice 加 jiā ‘aggiungere, aumentare’. Questa radice rappresenterebbe un tipo particolare di verbo causativo light: forma la versione transitiva di verbi deaggettivali di scala aperta, in particolare di quei verbi che esprimono un “aumento” nella proprietà denotata dalla base aggettivale. I composti causativi formati con una radice verbale light sono stati messi a confronto con un altro tipo di verbi complessi, ossia verbi derivati con il suffisso 化 -huà ‘-izzare, -ificare, ecc.’ (ad es. 现代化 xiàndàihuà ‘modernizzare’, 美化 měihuà ‘bello + SUFF = abbellire), un modello di formazione di parola piuttosto produttivo in questa lingua, sottolineando le differenze in termini di caratteristiche e di funzioni tra il suffisso 化 -huà e i verbi causativi light.
La discussione sui verbi causativi light, che tiene conto anche di elementi simili in altre lingue sinitiche (il dialetto Min meridionale parlato a Taiwan e l’Hakka), fornisce argomenti a sostegno dell’ipotesi che la direzione dell’alternanza causativa sia da incoativo a causativo (cfr. Hale & Keyser 1998, Hoekstra 1992, 2004, Ramchand 2008) e non viceversa (cfr. Levin & Rappaport Hovav 1995, Reinhart 2002, Chierchia (2004 [1989]), dal momento che il verbo light esplicita la presenza di una componente causativa e la forma transitiva è strutturalmente marcata.
Il secondo tipo di verbi complessi presi in esame sono i composti risultativi, oggetto di un vivace dibattito nella bibliografia sull’argomento. In questo lavoro si sostiene che i composti risultativi, così come i verbi formati con un verbo causativo light, esprimono causatività diretta. La differenza tra i due tipi di verbi complessi sta nel fatto che, mentre i composti formati con un verbo light esplicitano la presenza di una componente causativa, ma non specificano il tipo di azione che porta allo stato risultante, nei composti risultativi viene specificata l’azione particolare che porta al cambiamento di stato.
L’analisi dei composti risultativi basata sul framework proposto da Ramchand (2008) permette di superare molte delle difficoltà derivanti da approcci che cercano di spiegare le proprietà di questi composti in base alla transitività dei costituenti (ad esempio, Li 1990) ed evidenzia i vantaggi di un approccio basato sulla struttura dell’evento (cfr. Cheng & Huang 1994). Inoltre, questo tipo di analisi permette di scomporre l’evento in una struttura funzionale che si presuppone essere universale: i blocchi fondamentali che costituiscono l’evento sono gli stessi a livello cross-linguistico (cfr. Ramchand 2008, Son & Svenonius 2008). La scomposizione sintattica della struttura eventiva dei composti risultativi del cinese fornisce anche sostegno all’ipotesi secondo la quale tali composti hanno testa a sinistra sulla base di motivazioni strutturali (cfr. Cheng & Huang 1994).
L’ultimo tipo di composti causativi analizzati sono verbi complessi che, a nostro avviso, esprimono causatività indiretta. Diversamente dagli altri due tipi di verbi complessi analizzati in questo lavoro, questi composti permettono un certo grado di autonomia dell’evento causato, che varia a seconda del tipo di V1 utilizzato. Il gruppo di possibili V1 utilizzati nella formazione di questi composti è piuttosto ristretto: ad esempio, 请 qǐng ‘chiedere’, 邀 yāo ‘invitare’, 求 qiú ‘chiedere, richiedere’, 劝 quàn ‘dare un consiglio/persuadere’, 促 cù ‘promuovere’, 助 zhù ‘aiutare’, 逼 bì ‘forzare’, 迫 pò ‘forzare’, 禁 jìn ‘proibire’, 拒 jù ‘rifiutare’.
L’analisi di queste forme verbali complesse in cinese mandarino, anche in prospettiva diacronica e, marginalmente, cross-linguistica, ci ha permesso di sostenere la proposta di Ramchand (2008), secondo cui i blocchi fondamentali che costruiscono il significato dell’evento sono gli stessi per tutte le lingue, e le lingue variano solo nel modo in cui esprimono la struttura dell’evento, a seconda dell’inventario di items lessicali disponibili e di altre caratteristiche idiolinguistiche. Dunque, la preferenza per l’espressione di eventi complessi in cinese attraverso la composizione sarebbe strettamente legata all’analiticità di questa lingua.
L’indagine sui composti causativi in cinese mandarino ha anche dimostrato che i composti con testa a sinistra in questa lingua sono caratterizzati da una struttura funzionale gerarchica soggiacente, in cui i due costituenti rappresentano lo spell-out di teste differenti di questa struttura. Sarebbe proprio la presenza di struttura funzionale a guidare l’interpretazione di questi composti; infatti, mentre i composti con testa a destra in cinese sembrano essere caratterizzati da una grande libertà di interpretazione (le relazioni possibili tra i costituenti possono essere molteplici), caratteristica particolarmente evidente nei composti nominali, i composti con testa a sinistra sembrano avere un’interpretazione piuttosto ristretta.This thesis deals with the issue of left-headed verbal V-V compounds in Mandarin Chinese, which represent an interesting phenomenon, since they are an exception to the general tendency of Chinese to form right-headed compounds. In particular, this research takes into account some types of left-headed causative compounds, which are considered as an alternative (analytic) strategy to express causativity in Mandarin Chinese, after the loss of other morphological and phonological strategies, as a consequence of the typological shift of Chinese from a synthetic to an analytic language. This thesis provides an analysis of such causative compounds adopting the framework put forth by Ramchand (2008), which consists in a syntactic decomposition of the event structure. First, we consider the issue of the causative alternation by means of phonetically realized light V1s, e.g. 弄 nòng ‘make’, 打 dǎ ‘hit’, 搞 gǎo ‘do’, 加 jiā ‘add; increase’. The phonetically realized light verbs are considered to be init heads with semantics of general causation, which build an extra-layer on top of verbs lacking an [init] feature in their lexical entry, through a process of structure building. We focus mainly on 打 dǎ ‘hit’ (and, also, comparing it with analogous roots in Taiwanese Southern Min and Hakka) and 加 jiā ‘add; increase’, which is found only in the formation of transitive deadjectival verbs based on open-range adjectives, in particular those involving an increase in the property denoted by the adjective. We claim that 加 jiā ‘add; increase’, besides contributing an extra (causative) layer, seems also to be the overt realization of one of the parts involved in the logical representation of degree achievement verbs, i.e. the increasing event (cf. Hay, Kennedy & Levin 1999). The second type of causative V-V compounds discussed in this thesis are resultative compounds, e.g. 摇醒 yáoxǐng ‘shake-awake’, 哭湿 kūshī ‘cry-wet’, a very debated issue in the literature on the topic, which apparently arose as an alternative causative strategy after the loss of other means to express causativity in Chinese, following the typological shift undergone by this language. In resultative compounds the nature of the causing event is fully expressed by the left-hand verbal root, specifying the kind of action which brings about the change of state, while in transitive verbs formed with a light V1 the causing event is spelled out by the left-hand verbal root, which just provides an [init] feature to the event. In the latter case, many different actions can bring about the resultant state expressed by V2, much as in the case of English labile causatives, e.g. break. The decomposition of the event structure based on a hierarchical functional structure also enables us to defend the position that resultative compounds are left-headed due to structural reasons (cf. Cheng & Huang 1994). In fact, assuming a structural notion of headedness, it is clear that V1 acts as the head of the compound: the two constituents of a resultative compound spell out different heads in a functional hierarchical structure characterized by causal embedding; nevertheless, it is V1 which identifies the hierarchically superior head in the structure. Lastly, this thesis takes into account another kind of left-headed causative compounds, which, to the best of our knowledge, have not received much attention in the literature. We propose a tentative analysis of this kind of compounds, which, according to us, express indirect causation. Differently from resultative compounds and causative verbs with a light V1, these compounds allow a certain degree of autonomy of the caused event, which varies according to the kind of V1 involved. The set of possible roots occurring in this kind of compounds is quite restricted, e.g. 请 qǐng ‘ask’, 邀 yāo ‘invite, request’, 求 qiú ‘ask, request’, 劝 quàn ‘advice/persuade’, 促 cù ‘promote’, 助 zhù ‘help’, 逼 bì ‘force’, 迫 pò ‘force’, 禁 jìn ‘prohibit’, 拒 jù ‘refuse’. Some of these items are apparently very similar to curative affixes in some languages . The analysis of such verbal formations, also in a diachronic and, marginally, cross-linguistic perspective, enables us to support Ramchand’s (2008) claim, namely that the fundamental building blocks of the eventive meaning are the same for all languages, and languages vary only in the “size” of their lexical items, plus other idiolinguistic characteristics: thus, the very same syntactic structures can be expressed lexically, synthetically or analytically, depending on the language and on the particular lexical items in its inventory. Therefore, it does not come as a surprise that an analytic language like Modern Chinese prefers to express complex event structures through compounding, which is also its most productive means of word formation.
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Sadoghi, Hamedani Mohammad. "An Efficient, Extensible, Hardware-aware Indexing Kernel". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/65515.
Texto completoResumen
Modern hardware has the potential to play a central role in scalable data management systems. A realization of this potential arises in the context of indexing queries, a recurring theme in real-time data analytics, targeted advertising, algorithmic trading, and data-centric workflows, and of indexing data, a challenge in multi-version analytical query processing. To enhance query and data indexing, in this thesis, we present an efficient, extensible, and hardware-aware indexing kernel. This indexing kernel rests upon novel data structures and (parallel) algorithms that utilize the capabilities offered by modern hardware, especially abundance of main memory, multi-core architectures, hardware accelerators, and solid state drives.
This thesis focuses on presenting our query indexing techniques to cope with processing queries in data-intensive applications that are susceptible to ever increasing data volume and velocity. At the core of our query indexing kernel lies the BE-Tree family of memory-resident indexing structures that scales by overcoming the curse of dimensionality through a novel two-phase space-cutting technique, an effective Top-k processing, and adaptive parallel algorithms to operate directly on compressed data (that exploits the multi-core architecture). Furthermore, we achieve line-rate processing by harnessing the unprecedented degrees of parallelism and pipelining only available through low-level logic design using FPGAs. Finally, we present a comprehensive evaluation that establishes the superiority of BE-Tree in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms.
In this thesis, we further expand the scope of our indexing kernel and describe how to accelerate analytical queries on (multi-version) databases by enabling indexes on the most recent data. Our goal is to reduce the overhead of index maintenance, so that indexes can be used effectively for analytical queries without being a heavy burden on transaction throughput. To achieve this end, we re-design the data structures in the storage hierarchy to employ an extra level of indirection over solid state drives. This indirection layer dramatically reduces the amount of magnetic disk I/Os that is needed for updating indexes and localizes the index maintenance. As a result, by rethinking how data is indexed, we eliminate the dilemma between update vs. query performance and reduce index maintenance and query processing cost substantially.
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Terry, Josephine A. "Implicit learning of complex auditory temporal structures with even and uneven meters". Thesis, 2013. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/543268.
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Complex auditory sequences (e.g. speech and music) unfold in time. With exposure, listeners can extract regularities in these sequences and develop expectations about the identity (ordinal dimension) and the timing (temporal dimension) of upcoming events. When upheld, these expectations permit faster, and more accurate responses to events, compared to when expectations of the ordinal and/or temporal dimensions are violated (Brandon, Terry, Stevens, & Tillmann, 2012; Buchner & Steffens, 2001; Nissen & Bullemer, 1987; Shin & Ivry, 2002). In everyday life, expectations can be acquired without an intention to do so, and without attention being directed to the regularities in the sequence (Perruchet, 2008; Shanks, 2005). That is, sequential regularities can be learned implicitly. Implicit learning (IL) research has primarily investigated learning of ordinal dimensions of visual sequences. The research presented in this thesis investigated IL of complex temporal structures in auditory sequences with rhythmic features typical of music. Musical rhythms of many cultures have a hierarchical beat structure: meter. Meter is the perception of cyclic patterns of strong and weak beats. The more salient the strong beats, and the more regular and frequent their distribution across time, the stronger the meter is perceived to be. In most Western tonal music, strong beats are evenly spaced in time (even meters). However, in music from the Balkan region for example, strong beats can be unevenly spaced in time (uneven meters). Through a lifetime’s exposure, listeners develop expectations of meter characteristic of their musical environment. In the experiments reported in this thesis, rhythms with even and uneven meters are used to examine the flexibility of Western listeners to implicitly learn temporal structures. In the current research project, the development of temporal expectations was examined using an auditory serial reaction time task (SRTT). Participants with no or minimal formal musical training identified as quickly and accurately as possible sequences of auditory events (e.g. pseudo-random ordering of syllables). Unbeknownst to participants, the temporal presentation of events followed a repeating series of inter-onset intervals (IOIs). It was hypothesised that, as temporal expectations were acquired over exposure blocks, reaction time (RT) to identify the syllables would decrease. It was also hypothesised that, as temporal expectations were violated at the introduction of a new rhythm at a test block, RT would increase. The results of six experiments provide evidence of IL of temporal structures, or auditory rhythms, when the ordinal structure was unpredictable. Learning occurred not just of the grouping structure but also of the timing between groups of events. Furthermore, listeners of Western tonal music implicitly learned rhythms with culturally familiar and culturally less familiar meters. Together, these findings demonstrate the capacity of listeners to develop temporal expectations of musical rhythms that either uphold or violate long-term, culturally acquired expectations. The findings also highlight the efficacy of implicit learning as a means of developing temporal expectations in a single exposure session. Demonstrations of IL of temporal structures have important implications for settings where an explicit instruction to learn a rhythm may impeded learning (e.g. music education, motor skills rehabilitation, speech therapy).
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Van, Kal Shaun Michael. "Structural-metamorphic studies of distinct fold types related to distinct tectono-metamorphic events in the central zone of the Limpopo Complex, South Africa". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1972.
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M.Sc.The Central Zone of the Limpopo Complex displays two major structural features: the roughly east-west oriented Tshipise Straightening Zone Paleoproterozoic in age and a “Cross Folded Zone” to the north of the Straightening Zone comprising large-scale sheath and cross folds suggested to have developed during a Late- Archaean high grade tectono-metamorphic event. This study presents and discusses structural-metamorphic data showing that two closely associated folds (Ga-Tshanzi and Campbell) in the eastern part of the Cross Folded Zone near Musina, record different structural and metamorphic histories that may be applied to the evolution of the entire Central Zone of the Limpopo Complex. The Ga-Tshanzi structure has an ovate-shaped closed outcrop pattern approximately 4km long, and 3km wide with the long axis of the fold pattern oriented in a westerly direction. The fold geometry, characterized by a central fold axis that plunges steeply to the SSW, is very similar to other closed folds in the Central Zone previously interpreted as sheath folds. The Ga-Tshanzi fold deforms rocks of the Beit Bridge Complex (calc-silicate, metaquartzite, metapelite and magnetite quartzite and quartzofeldspathic Singelele Gneiss), and members of the Messina Layered Suite. The ovate structure is characterised by a gneissic fabric comprising peak metamorphic mineral assemblages. This regional gneissic fabric that occurs throughout the Central Zone also defines the shape of the neighbouring Campbell fold. Mineral lineations and fold hinges in the Ga-Tshanzi fold mainly present within metaquartzites and calc-silicates, plunge steeply to the southwest, parallel to its central fold axis indicating a NNE-SSW transport direction during fold formation. A decompression-cooling P-T path calculated for metapelitic gneisses from the Ga-Tshanzi fold shows that the closed fold developed under high-grade, deep crustal conditions. Peak P-T conditions of 7.5kbar/799ºC were followed by decompression and cooling down to 5.23kbar/605ºC. Water activity during this event was low, ranging from 0.122 at peak conditions, and decreasing to 0.037 at the minimum calculated conditions. The Ga-Tshanzi closed fold and the closely associated Campbell cross fold were thus formed at deep crustal levels and partially exhumed along a similar decompression-cooling P-T path to mid-crustal levels during the early orogenic event. The Campbell fold, described as a cross fold in the literature, is approximately 15km long and has a V shaped outcrop pattern that tapers from 12km in the southeast to 2 km in the northwest. This fold is developed in lithologies similar to those of the Ga-Tshanzi fold as well as in Sand River Gneisses. It has a near isoclinal fold geometry with both limbs dipping towards the southwest and a fold axis that plunges moderately to the west-southwest. This fold, that is interpreted to have developed during the same deformational event as the Ga-Tshansi structure has, however, subsequently been affected at mid- to upper crustal levels by shear movement along the Tshipise Straightening Zone displaying widespread development of younger planar and linear structural features. Planar features include north-south-trending high temperature shear zones that crosscut the regional fabric and flexural slip planes particularly evident in quartzites. Linear features from the Campbell fold that are mainly developed in younger shear and flexural slip planes, indicate, in contrast to the Ga-Tshanzi fold, an ENE-WSW directed crustal movement that is in accordance with the sense of movement suggested for the Tshipise Straightening Zone. The calculated decompression-cooling P-T path for sheared metapelitic gneisses from discrete high temperature shear zones deforming rocks of the Campbell cross fold shows that this superimposed shear deformational event occurred under peak P-T conditions of 4.98kbar/681ºC, followed by decompression and cooling down to 3.61kbar/585ºC. Water activity during this shear event was high, ranging from 0.217 at peak conditions and decreases to 0.117 at minimum calculated conditions. Structural and metamorphic data for the two folded areas thus indicate two distinct tectono-metamorphic events: (i) a late Archaean peak metamorphic and deformational event responsible for the formation of the Ga-Tshanzi fold, and similar folds throughout the Central Zone including the Campbell cross fold that was accompanied by steep NNE-SSW transport of crustal material, and (ii) a shear deformational event linked to the Paleoproterozoic Tshipise Straightening Zone that partially obliterated the early structural and metamorphic history of the Campbell fold during mid to upper crustal conditions during relatively shallow ENE-WSW directed movement of crustal material. The fact that this superimposed event had no apparent metamorphic effect on the studied metapelitic rocks of the closely associated Ga-Tshanzi closed fold, suggests that shearing was constrained to discrete north-south orientated zones.
Libros sobre el tema "Complex event structure"
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1961-, Amberber Mengistu, Baker Brett J. 1967- y Harvey Mark 1958-, eds. Complex predicates: Cross-linguistic perspectives on event structure. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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Kuijlaars, Arno B. J., 1963- y Mo Man Yue, eds. The Hermitian two matrix model with an even quartic potential. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2011.
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Bakhoum, Mourad M. y Juan A. Sobrino, eds. Case Studies of Rehabilitation, Repair, Retrofitting, and Strengthening of Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed012.
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<p>This document provides case studies of structural rehabilita-tion, repair, retrofitting, strengthening, and upgrading of structures, which might be encompassed – in short – by the convenient umbrella terms “Conservation / Upgrading of Existing Structures”. The selected studies presented in this SED cover a variety of structural types from different countries.</p> <p>Strengthening and rehabilitation of structures is usually a challenge because of uncertainties associated with old struc-tures and difficulties due to restrictions on the geometry and materials used, as well as other structural or functional con-straints. When repairing an existing structure the engineers involved have plenty of possibilities, lots of constraints, and in some cases there are no applicable codes. Strengthening and rehabilitating is sometimes a complex and exciting work; an art.</p> <p>The book is a summary of practices to help structural engineers. The reader of this book will discover different approaches to put forward strengthening or rehabilitation projects. Even identical technical problems could have very different efficient solutions, as discussed in the papers, considering structural, environmental, economic factors, as well as contractor and designer experience, materials, etc.</p>
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Wijers, Jean Paul, Isabel Amaral, William Hanson, Bengt-Arne Hulleman y Diana Mather. Protocol to Manage Relationships Today. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724159.
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Protocol to Manage Relationships Today explains the contemporary value of protocol, not only for monarchies or diplomatic institutes, but for any non-profit or for-profit organisation. This book presents modern protocol as a tool to build strong, authentic networks of reciprocal relationships. When used effectively protocol can: - Increase the effect of the networking activities of an organisation. Protocol gives a professional structure to relationship management, to achieve access to the 'right' networks and a reciprocal relationship with the most valued stakeholders. - Deepen relationships. In our world there is so much focus on pragmatism in building relationships - protocol focuses on the common ground to gain value. - Be used as a valuable tool in a post COVID-19 era, where the need for space and time to build real and authentic relationships is well understood. The book defines how tested values perfectly fit in today's society, where modern organisations want to build effective relationships and communities. This book is focused on developing an increasingly vital expertise for professionals who deal with complex relationship management issues on a strategic and tactical operational level. They come from different fields, such as government institutions, non-profit organisations and commercial environments. This book also gives protocol officers a contemporary approach towards the application of protocol. It is not designed as a complete guide to all the rules of protocol, but it describes how to translate the context into a tailor-made protocol for each meeting or event. The book explains protocol as a flexible method to handle unique situations. Protocol is presented on four levels: the 'why' of protocol; the strategic and tactical level; the practical implementation; and the execution of protocol. Protocol to Manage Relationships Today is written by Europe's foremost protocol experts with collective years of experience with the management of networking meetings and events at the highest level.
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Bandini, Gianfranco, ed. Manuali, sussidi e didattica della geografia. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-958-8.
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This publication is comprised within a recent strand of studies devoted to scholastic culture, understood as an original and complex form of mediation between academic and popular culture. The history of scholastic disciplines is actually one of the most innovative and interesting sectors of the social history of education, and also links up with similar initiatives in other academic sectors, even at international level. These include studies on scholastic and educational publishing, the history of professional associations in the area of geography and cartography (both local and national), and on possible interactions between classical geographical studies and technological applications (digital history and geography). The study of geography teaching, in particular, is extremely useful and significant for analysing: the structure, functioning and changes in scholastic culture; the contribution it made at the time of foundation and consolidation of the Italian State and at other times of political and cultural discontinuity and, finally, the tormented relations of scholastic geography with numerous aspects of an ideological nature and related to the building of Italian identity. From a methodical and historical aspect, the approach of this book is distinctly interdisciplinary: it involves specialists from scientific communities that differ in their origins and current structure, but share the same argument of study and the wish for open exchange. The various contributions seek to highlight the close interrelations between past and present in geography, never severing the links between current and historic study, between the educational and operational concerns of today and those of yesterday. Rather, they underscore the importance and advantages of a historic perspective, which can supply useful keys for interpreting the moments of discontinuity and the (ideal and operational) tensions that have distinguished geographical culture, both scholastic and academic. Rassegna stampa: La Vita Scolastica Rivista n. 5 Dicembre 2013
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Ciappei, Cristiano, ed. Innovazione e brokeraggio tecnologico. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-983-0.
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This book is designed to furnish Italian literature with an insight into the significance and the role of knowledge transfer, and in particular of technological brokerage. The idea is that, in the present-day world, dominated by a technology and knowledge available to an increasingly large number of people, enterprises are called upon to reconfigure the concept of innovation, expanding in even geographical terms the quest for solutions that aim at creating an exchange of interdisciplinary knowledge. To respond to the need for the dissemination of knowledge, collaboration between enterprises and the use of brokers appears to be the easiest solution. This can contribute to reducing the inefficacy of the markets and hence to facilitating the technological transactions. In this context the role of the brokers is fundamental in the knowledge markets in general, and in particular in that of technology, spawned by the need for an increasingly complex brokerage of knowledge, between applicant and user. In traditional markets, in effect, transactions can be conducted directly by the enterprises and may deal with current or future technology, but there is also the possibility of indirect transactions, involving the intermediation of specialised brokers. The emergence of these brokers is due to the frequent presence of structural gaps in the real markets which do not permit the normal flow of information: in practice, it is rare for every agent in a market to be connected with all the other agents that may important for him.
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Amberber, Mengistu, Mark Harvey y Brett Baker. Complex Predicates: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on Event Structure. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Amberber, Mengistu, Mark Harvey y Brett Baker. Complex Predicates: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on Event Structure. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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Amberber, Mengistu, Mark Harvey y Brett Baker. Complex Predicates: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on Event Structure. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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Amberber, Mengistu. Complex Predicates: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives On Event Structure. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Complex event structure"
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Fan, Jie. "Interpretation of Complex Event and the Semantics Structure of General Verbs". En Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 377–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06703-7_28.
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Appice, Annalisa, Marco Di Pietro, Claudio Greco y Donato Malerba. "Discovering and Tracking Organizational Structures in Event Logs". En New Frontiers in Mining Complex Patterns, 46–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39315-5_4.
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Rensink, Arend. "A complete theory of deterministic event structures". En CONCUR '95: Concurrency Theory, 160–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60218-6_12.
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Moparthi, Vamsi Krishna y Cecilia Hägerhäll. "Recruitment of the Antiporter Module – A Key Event in Complex I Evolution". En A Structural Perspective on Respiratory Complex I, 123–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4138-6_7.
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Mozer, Michael C. y Debra Miller. "Parsing the stream of time: The value of event-based segmentation in a complex real-world control problem". En Adaptive Processing of Sequences and Data Structures, 370–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0054005.
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Jaroszewicz, Leszek R., Anna Kurzych, Zbigniew Krajewski, Jerzy K. Kowalski y Krzysztof P. Teisseyre. "FOSREM: Fibre-Optic System for Rotational Events and Phenomena Monitoring: Construction, Investigation and Area of Application". En Seismic Behaviour and Design of Irregular and Complex Civil Structures II, 49–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14246-3_5.
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Plotnikov, Nikolai I. "Modelling of Complex-Structured Events in Protection Against Collisions of Aircraft in Air Navigation". En Proceedings of the 7th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym’21), 587–603. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08545-1_58.
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Sljoka, Adnan. "Structural and Functional Analysis of Proteins Using Rigidity Theory". En Sublinear Computation Paradigm, 337–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4095-7_14.
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AbstractOver the past two decades, we have witnessed an unprecedented explosion in available biological data. In the age of big data, large biological datasets have created an urgent need for the development of bioinformatics methods and innovative fast algorithms. Bioinformatics tools can enable data-driven hypothesis and interpretation of complex biological data that can advance biological and medicinal knowledge discovery. Advances in structural biology and computational modelling have led to the characterization of atomistic structures of many biomolecular components of cells. Proteins in particular are the most fundamental biomolecules and the key constituent elements of all living organisms, as they are necessary for cellular functions. Proteins play crucial roles in immunity, catalysis, metabolism and the majority of biological processes, and hence there is significant interest to understand how these macromolecules carry out their complex functions. The mechanical heterogeneity of protein structures and a delicate mix of rigidity and flexibility, which dictates their dynamic nature, is linked to their highly diverse biological functions. Mathematical rigidity theory and related algorithms have opened up many exciting opportunities to accurately analyse protein dynamics and probe various biological enigmas at a molecular level. Importantly, rigidity theoretical algorithms and methods run in almost linear time complexity, which makes it suitable for high-throughput and big-data style analysis. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of protein flexibility and dynamics and review concepts in mathematical rigidity theory for analysing stability and the dynamics of protein structures. We then review some recent breakthrough studies, where we designed rigidity theory methods to understand complex biological events, such as allosteric communication, large-scale analysis of immune system antibody proteins, the highly complex dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins and the validation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) solved protein structures.
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Kuhlmann, Johanna y Frank Nullmeier. "Conclusion and Outlook: Towards a Systematisation of the Mechanism-Based Approach in Social Policy Research". En Global Dynamics of Social Policy, 433–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91088-4_14.
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AbstractThe concluding chapter takes stock of the complex causal mechanisms that were identified in the chapters of the edited volume and presents a structured compilation of complex causal mechanisms that might be a first step of a more encompassing research agenda on mechanism-based analysis in social policy. The compilation is based on a combination of actor-centred and theory-based clustering. It distinguishes general mechanisms, which can occur in all fields of social policy (or even beyond), and policy-specific mechanisms, which are linked to specific social policies. Finally, the chapter summarises key strengths of the mechanism-based approach in social policy research and outlines potential future research avenues.
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Toledo, Eladio Mateo. "Event Structure and Lexical Semantics in Complex Predicates". En Complex Predicates in Q’anjob’al (Maya), 214–52. BRILL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004289987_006.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Complex event structure"
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Tang, K., Li Fei-Fei y D. Koller. "Learning latent temporal structure for complex event detection". En 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247808.
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Guo, Aizhang, Wenjun Yang, Tao Sun, Aizhang Guo, Wenjun Yang y Tao Sun. "Complex Event Detection Method Based on Extended Hash Structure". En 2017 10th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscid.2017.155.
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Bellingham, Erika. "Complex event representation in a typed feature structure implementation of Role and Reference Grammar". En Proceedings of the IWCS 2019 Workshop on Computing Semantics with Types, Frames and Related Structures. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-1004.
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Molokwu, Bonaventure. "Event Prediction in Complex Social Graphs using One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network". En Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/914.
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Social network graphs possess apparent and latent knowledge about their respective actors and links which may be exploited, using effective and efficient techniques, for predicting events within the social graphs. Understanding the intrinsic relationship patterns among spatial social actors and their respective properties are crucial factors to be taken into consideration in event prediction within social networks. My research work proposes a unique approach for predicting events in social networks by learning the context of each actor/vertex using neighboring actors in a given social graph with the goal of generating vector-space embeddings for each vertex. Our methodology introduces a pre-convolution layer which is essentially a set of feature-extraction operations aimed at reducing the graph's dimensionality to aid knowledge extraction from its complex structure. Consequently, the low-dimensional node embeddings are introduced as input features to a one-dimensional ConvNet model for event prediction about the given social graph. Training and evaluation of this proposed approach have been done on datasets (compiled: November, 2017) extracted from real world social networks with respect to 3 European countries. Each dataset comprises an average of 280,000 links and 48,000 actors.
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Dong, Ming, Jianzhong Cha y Mingcheng E. "Using Object-Oriented Frame Language for Realizing Discrete Event Simulation". En ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/dac-1042.
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Abstract In this paper, we realize knowledge-based discrete event simulation model’s representation, reasoning and implementation by means of object-oriented(OO) frame language. Firstly, a classes library of simulation models is built by using the OO frame language. And then, behaviours of simulation models can be generated by inference engines reasoning about knowledge base. Lastly, activity cycle diagrams can be used to construct simulation network logic models by connecting the components classes of simulation models. This kind of knowledge-based simulation models can effectively solve the modeling problems of complex and ill-structure systems.
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Ghosh, Amitava, Kaushik Das, Debashis Basu y Larry Miller. "Soil Structure and Fluid Interaction Assessment of New Modular Reactor: Part 2 — Numerical Study of Soil Reactor Structure Interaction". En ASME 2014 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2014-3318.
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To meet the growing demand of affordable power, several designs of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which will be installed below-grade, have been proposed by the nuclear industry. The containment vessels of these reactors will be under water. During a seismic event, these reactors will experience a complex soil (ground)-structure (SMR)-fluid (water) interaction that can affect the integrity of the system. Each of these reactors uses a seismic damping or isolation system to protect its important to safety structures, systems, and components from a design-basis earthquake. Designers of these damping/isolation systems need to have a thorough understanding of the complex soil-structure-fluid interactions to ensure the adequacy of the isolation system. In addition, regulators need to understand these interactions to evaluate the safety of such installations and systems. This study was initiated to understand the complexities in modeling facility responses that may accompany a design-basis earthquake. The ability to model these complexities is important to designers and regulators. It was recognized that a three-way coupled approach that can satisfactorily model the unique dynamic characteristics of soil surrounding the reactor, the reactor structure, and fluid contained within the reactor is not available. As a first step in understanding the complex interaction phenomena, a sequential coupling approach was adopted in this study. It was assumed that the feedback loop (such as structural deformation affecting ground motion and sloshing) has limited influence because of the high inertia of the massive structure. The general-purpose geological continuum package FLAC was used to simulate the propagation of earthquake-generated ground motion. The fluid analysis was conducted using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package ANSYS-FLUENT. This paper briefly discusses the modeling techniques used in soil-structure and structure-fluid interaction analyses. Using a strong motion earthquake record, the ground acceleration at the base of the SMR was calculated and used as input to the CFD analysis of fluid motion inside the structure.
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Ignatovich, Cori L., Alejandro R. Diaz y Ciro A. Soto. "On Improving the Accuracy of Lattice Models in Crashworthiness Analysis". En ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/dac-14244.
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Abstract Lattice models are used to represent the behavior of a complex structure in an impact event. An optimization problem is proposed to “tune” the model to capture the relevant behavior of the structure. Wavelet transforms are used to identify the systematic component of a signal characterizing the structural behavior from its random component.
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Mao, Jiayuan, Zhezheng Luo, Chuang Gan, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Jiajun Wu, Leslie Pack Kaelbling y Tomer D. Ullman. "Temporal and Object Quantification Networks". En Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/386.
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We present Temporal and Object Quantification Networks (TOQ-Nets), a new class of neuro-symbolic networks with a structural bias that enables them to learn to recognize complex relational-temporal events. This is done by including reasoning layers that implement finite-domain quantification over objects and time. The structure allows them to generalize directly to input instances with varying numbers of objects in temporal sequences of varying lengths. We evaluate TOQ-Nets on input domains that require recognizing event-types in terms of complex temporal relational patterns. We demonstrate that TOQ-Nets can generalize from small amounts of data to scenarios containing more objects than were present during training and to temporal warpings of input sequences.
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Notohardjono, Budy D., Shawn Canfield y James A. Cooke. "Seismic Evaluation of Large Server Computer Structure". En ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77791.
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This paper discusses the analysis and verification of a finite element model which simulates the robustness of a high end computer server structure during a severe seismic event. The server consists of the frame which is the structure that components are installed into, such as processor units, input-output units and power components. The finite element modeling of this server frame is presented here not only to inform on creating an accurate model for simulation purposes, but also to provide guidelines as to the critical factors in setting up a large assembly finite element model (FEM) and to establish the optimum methodology for modeling this complex assembly with the available analysis software tools. For verification, the simulated modal data is compared to both modal data measured from an instrumented impact hammer, and to measured swept sine data. The simulated results compare favorably with the measured data, and it has been determined that location and integrity of the welded connections are critical for an accurate vibration response of the finite element model. The analysis frame model was subjected to loads and environmental conditions similar to those endured under horizontal table vibration tests and seismic events. The results of the experimental testing and simulations were compared and proved to be in a good correlation. Based on this verified finite element model, any additional redesign of the frame structure and its stiffening members can proceed very efficiently. This design study builds toward the objective of constructing a verified model of the server frame and components which will lead to a guideline for implementing stiffener designs on high-end server systems.
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Mitchell, Kenneth N. y Sankaran Mahadevan. "Model Uncertainty in Fluid-Structure Impact Risk Analysis". En ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-16189.
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This paper investigates the issue of model uncertainty in risk assessments of fluid-structure impact problems. Model-based risk assessments of complex phenomena such as the space shuttle solid rocket booster (SRB) splashdown event is affected by significant model uncertainty and approximations in finite element discretization, damage modeling, and the probabilistic analysis. Model verification and validation (V&V) helps in systematic assessment of modeling error, and suitable V&V techniques are explored in this paper. Since experimental testing of the SRB is infeasible, a simplified experimental framework is devised using an aluminum cylinder hinged at one end, with the objective of providing insights into the required model form (validation) as well as the required model resolution (verification). Preliminary results from error quantification as well as experimental validation are presented and discussed. Such information could be used to develop confidence and credibility in real-world reliability predictions of fluid-structure impact problems such as SRB splashdown.
Informes sobre el tema "Complex event structure"
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Simms, Janet, Benjamin Breland y William Doll. Geophysical investigation to assess condition of grouted scour hole : Old River Control Complex—Low Sill Concordia Parish, Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septiembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41863.
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Geophysical surveys, both land-based and water-borne, were conducted at the Old River Control Complex‒Low Sill, Concordia Parish, LA. The purpose of the surveys was to assess the condition of the grout within the scour region resulting from the 1973 flood event, including identification of potential voids within the grout. Information from the ground studies will also be used for calibration of subsequent marine geophysical data and used in stability analysis studies. The water-borne survey consisted of towed low frequency (16-80 MHz) ground penetrating radar (GPR), whereas the land-based surveys used electrical resistivity and seismic refraction. The GPR survey was conducted in the Old River Channel on the upstream side of the Low Sill structure. The high electrical conductivity of the water (~50 mS/m) precluded penetration of the GPR signal; thus, no useful data were obtained. The land-based surveys were performed on both northeast and southeast sides of the Low Sill structure. Both resistivity and seismic surveys identify a layered subsurface stratigraphy that corresponds, in general, with available borehole data and constructed geologic profiles. In addition, an anomalous area on the southeast side was identified that warrants future investigation and monitoring.
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Bielinskyi, Andrii O., Oleksandr A. Serdyuk, Сергій Олексійович Семеріков, Володимир Миколайович Соловйов, Андрій Іванович Білінський y О. А. Сердюк. Econophysics of cryptocurrency crashes: a systematic review. Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, diciembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/6974.
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Cryptocurrencies refer to a type of digital asset that uses distributed ledger, or blockchain technology to enable a secure transaction. Like other financial assets, they show signs of complex systems built from a large number of nonlinearly interacting constituents, which exhibits collective behavior and, due to an exchange of energy or information with the environment, can easily modify its internal structure and patterns of activity. We review the econophysics analysis methods and models adopted in or invented for financial time series and their subtle properties, which are applicable to time series in other disciplines. Quantitative measures of complexity have been proposed, classified, and adapted to the cryptocurrency market. Their behavior in the face of critical events and known cryptocurrency market crashes has been analyzed. It has been shown that most of these measures behave characteristically in the periods preceding the critical event. Therefore, it is possible to build indicators-precursors of crisis phenomena in the cryptocurrency market.
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. y Julia Hall. Spatiotemporal Causality and Predictability Beyond Recurrence Collapse in Complex Coevolutionary Systems. Meteoceanics, noviembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/201111.
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Causality and Predictability of Complex Systems pose fundamental challenges even under well-defined structural stochastic-dynamic conditions where the laws of motion and system symmetries are known. However, the edifice of complexity can be profoundly transformed by structural-functional coevolution and non-recurrent elusive mechanisms changing the very same invariants of motion that had been taken for granted. This leads to recurrence collapse and memory loss, precluding the ability of traditional stochastic-dynamic and information-theoretic metrics to provide reliable information about the non-recurrent emergence of fundamental new properties absent from the a priori kinematic geometric and statistical features. Unveiling causal mechanisms and eliciting system dynamic predictability under such challenging conditions is not only a fundamental problem in mathematical and statistical physics, but also one of critical importance to dynamic modelling, risk assessment and decision support e.g. regarding non-recurrent critical transitions and extreme events. In order to address these challenges, generalized metrics in non-ergodic information physics are hereby introduced for unveiling elusive dynamics, causality and predictability of complex dynamical systems undergoing far-from-equilibrium structural-functional coevolution. With these methodological developments at hand, hidden dynamic information is hereby brought out and explicitly quantified even beyond post-critical regime collapse, long after statistical information is lost. The added causal insights and operational predictive value are further highlighted by evaluating the new information metrics among statistically independent variables, where traditional techniques therefore find no information links. Notwithstanding the factorability of the distributions associated to the aforementioned independent variables, synergistic and redundant information are found to emerge from microphysical, event-scale codependencies in far-from-equilibrium nonlinear statistical mechanics. The findings are illustrated to shed light onto fundamental causal mechanisms and unveil elusive dynamic predictability of non-recurrent critical transitions and extreme events across multiscale hydro-climatic problems.
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Wicker, Louise, Ilan Shomer y Uzi Merin. Membrane Processing of Citrus Extracts: Effects on Pectinesterase Activity and Cloud Stability. United States Department of Agriculture, octubre de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568754.bard.
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The U.S. team studied the role of cations and pH on thermolabile (TL-PE) and thermostable (TS-PE), permeation in ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, affinity to ion exchange membranes, mechanism of cation and pH activation, and effect on PE stability. An optimum pH and cation concentration exists for activity and UF permeation, which is specific for each cation type. Incomplete release of PE from a pectin complex resulted in low PE binding to cationic and anionic membranes. Incubation of PE at low pH increases the surface hydrophobicity, especially TL-PE, but the secondary structure of TL-PE is not greatly affected. The Israeli team showed that stable cloud colloidal constituents flocculate following the conversion of soluble to insoluble biopolymers. First, formation of pectic acid by pectinesterase activity is followed by the formation of calcium pectate gel. This process initiates a myriad of poorly defined reactions that result in juice clarification. Second, protein coagulation by heat resulted in flocculation of proteinacous bound cloud constituents, particularly after enzymatic pectin degradation. Pectinesterase activity is proposed to be an indirect cause for clarification; whereas binding of cloud constituents is the primary event in clarification by pectate gel and coagulated proteins. Understanding the mechanism of interaction of protein and pectic polymers is key to understanding cloud instability. Based on the above, it was hypothesized that the structure of pectin-protein coagulates plays a key role in cloud instability.
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Nechaev, V., Володимир Миколайович Соловйов y A. Nagibas. Complex economic systems structural organization modelling. Politecnico di Torino, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1118.
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One of the well-known results of the theory of management is the fact, that multi-stage hierarchical organization of management is unstable. Hence, the ideas expressed in a number of works by Don Tapscott on advantages of network organization of businesses over vertically integrated ones is clear. While studying the basic tendencies of business organization in the conditions of globalization, computerization and internetization of the society and the results of the financial activities of the well-known companies, the authors arrive at the conclusion, that such companies, as IBM, Boeing, Mercedes-Benz and some others companies have not been engaged in their traditional business for a long time. Their partner networks performs this function instead of them. The companies themselves perform the function of system integrators. The Tapscott’s idea finds its confirmation within the framework of a new powerful direction of the development of the modern interdisciplinary science – the theory of the complex networks (CN) [2]. CN-s are multifractal objects, the loss of multifractality being the indicator of the system transition from more complex state into more simple state. We tested the multifractal properties of the data using the wavelet transform modulus maxima approach in order to analyze scaling properties of our company. Comparative analysis of the singularity spectrumf(®), namely, the difference between maximum and minimum values of ® (∆ = ®max ¡ ®min) shows that IBM company is considerably more fractal in comparison with Apple Computer. Really, for it the value of ∆ is equal to 0.3, while for the vertically integrated company Apple it only makes 0.06 – 5 times less. The comparison of other companies shows that this dependence is of general character. Taking into consideration the fact that network organization of business has become dominant in the last 5-10 years, we carried out research for the selected companies in the earliest possible period of time which was determined by the availability of data in the Internet, or by historically later beginning of stock trade of computer companies. A singularity spectrum of the first group of companies turned out to be considerably narrower, or shifted toward the smaller values of ® in the pre-network period. The latter means that dynamic series were antipersistant. That is, these companies‘ management was rigidly controlled while the impact of market mechanisms was minimized. In the second group of companies if even the situation did changed it did not change for the better. In addition, we discuss applications to the construction of portfolios of stock that have a stable ratio of risk to return.
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Andrews, Matt. Getting Real about Unknowns in Complex Policy Work. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), noviembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/083.
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As with all public policy work, education policies are demanding. Policy workers need to ‘know’ a lot—about the problems they are addressing, the people who need to be engaged, the promises they can make in response, the context they are working in, and the processes they will follow to implement. Most policy workers answer questions about such issues within the structures of plan and control processes used to devise budgets and projects. These structures limit their knowledge gathering, organization and sense-making activities to up-front planning activities, and even though sophisticated tools like Theories of Change suggest planners ‘know’ all that is needed for policy success, they often do not. Policies are often fraught with ‘unknowns’ that cannot be captured in passive planning processes and thus repeatedly undermine even the best laid plans. Through a novel strategy that asks how much one knows about the answers to 25 essential policy questions, and an application to recent education policy interventions in Mozambique, this paper shows that it is possible to get real about unknowns in policy work. Just recognizing these unknowns exist—and understanding why they do and what kind of challenge they pose to policy workers—can help promote a more modest and realistic approach to doing complex policy work.
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Wozniakowska, P., D. W. Eaton, C. Deblonde, A. Mort y O. H. Ardakani. Identification of regional structural corridors in the Montney play using trend surface analysis combined with geophysical imaging, British Columbia and Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328850.
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The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is a mature oil and gas basin with an extraordinary endowment of publicly accessible data. It contains structural elements of varying age, expressed as folding, faulting, and fracturing, which provide a record of tectonic activity during basin evolution. Knowledge of the structural architecture of the basin is crucial to understand its tectonic evolution; it also provides essential input for a range of geoscientific studies, including hydrogeology, geomechanics, and seismic risk analysis. This study focuses on an area defined by the subsurface extent of the Triassic Montney Formation, a region of the WCSB straddling the border between Alberta and British Columbia, and covering an area of approximately 130,000 km2. In terms of regional structural elements, this area is roughly bisected by the east-west trending Dawson Creek Graben Complex (DCGC), which initially formed in the Late Carboniferous, and is bordered to the southwest by the Late Cretaceous - Paleocene Rocky Mountain thrust and fold belt (TFB). The structural geology of this region has been extensively studied, but structural elements compiled from previous studies exhibit inconsistencies arising from distinct subregions of investigation in previous studies, differences in the interpreted locations of faults, and inconsistent terminology. Moreover, in cases where faults are mapped based on unpublished proprietary data, many existing interpretations suffer from a lack of reproducibility. In this study, publicly accessible data - formation tops derived from well logs, LITHOPROBE seismic profiles and regional potential-field grids, are used to delineate regional structural elements. Where seismic profiles cross key structural features, these features are generally expressed as multi-stranded or en echelon faults and structurally-linked folds, rather than discrete faults. Furthermore, even in areas of relatively tight well control, individual fault structures cannot be discerned in a robust manner, because the spatial sampling is insufficient to resolve fault strands. We have therefore adopted a structural-corridor approach, where structural corridors are defined as laterally continuous trends, identified using geological trend surface analysis supported by geophysical data, that contain co-genetic faults and folds. Such structural trends have been documented in laboratory models of basement-involved faults and some types of structural corridors have been described as flower structures. The distinction between discrete faults and structural corridors is particularly important for induced seismicity risk analysis, as the hazard posed by a single large structure differs from the hazard presented by a corridor of smaller pre-existing faults. We have implemented a workflow that uses trend surface analysis based on formation tops, with extensive quality control, combined with validation using available geophysical data. Seven formations are considered, from the Late Cretaceous Basal Fish Scale Zone (BFSZ) to the Wabamun Group. This approach helped to resolve the problem of limited spatial extent of available seismic data and provided a broader spatial coverage, enabling the investigation of structural trends throughout the entirety of the Montney play. In total, we identified 34 major structural corridors and number of smaller-scale structures, for which a GIS shapefile is included as a digital supplement to facilitate use of these features in other studies. Our study also outlines two buried regional foreland lobes of the Rocky Mountain TFB, both north and south of the DCGC.
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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas y S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, abril de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.
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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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Hofer, Martin, Tomas Sako, Arturo Martinez Jr., Mildred Addawe, Joseph Bulan, Ron Lester Durante y Marymell Martillan. Applying Artificial Intelligence on Satellite Imagery to Compile Granular Poverty Statistics. Asian Development Bank, diciembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200432-2.
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This study outlines a computational framework to enhance the spatial granularity of government-published poverty estimates, citing data from the Philippines and Thailand. Computer vision techniques were applied on publicly available medium resolution satellite imagery, household surveys, and census data from the two countries. The results suggest that even using publicly accessible satellite imagery, predictions generally aligned with the distributional structure of government-published poverty estimates after calibration. The study further examines the robustness of the resulting estimates to user-specified algorithmic parameters and model specifications.
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Tzfira, Tzvi, Michael Elbaum y Sharon Wolf. DNA transfer by Agrobacterium: a cooperative interaction of ssDNA, virulence proteins, and plant host factors. United States Department of Agriculture, diciembre de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695881.bard.
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Agrobacteriumtumefaciensmediates genetic transformation of plants. The possibility of exchanging the natural genes for other DNA has led to Agrobacterium’s emergence as the primary vector for genetic modification of plants. The similarity among eukaryotic mechanisms of nuclear import also suggests use of its active elements as media for non-viral genetic therapy in animals. These considerations motivate the present study of the process that carries DNA of bacterial origin into the host nucleus. The infective pathway of Agrobacterium involves excision of a single-stranded DNA molecule (T-strand) from the bacterial tumor-inducing plasmid. This transferred DNA (T-DNA) travels to the host cell cytoplasm along with two virulence proteins, VirD2 and VirE2, through a specific bacteriumplant channel(s). Little is known about the precise structure and composition of the resulting complex within the host cell and even less is known about the mechanism of its nuclear import and integration into the host cell genome. In the present proposal we combined the expertise of the US and Israeli labs and revealed many of the biophysical and biological properties of the genetic transformation process, thus enhancing our understanding of the processes leading to nuclear import and integration of the Agrobacterium T-DNA. Specifically, we sought to: I. Elucidate the interaction of the T-strand with its chaperones. II. Analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the T-complex and its chaperones in vitro. III. Analyze kinetics of T-complex formation and T-complex nuclear import. During the past three years we accomplished our goals and made the following major discoveries: (1) Resolved the VirE2-ssDNA three-dimensional structure. (2) Characterized VirE2-ssDNA assembly and aggregation, along with regulation by VirE1. (3) Studied VirE2-ssDNA nuclear import by electron tomography. (4) Showed that T-DNA integrates via double-stranded (ds) intermediates. (5) Identified that Arabidopsis Ku80 interacts with dsT-DNA intermediates and is essential for T-DNA integration. (6) Found a role of targeted proteolysis in T-DNA uncoating. Our research provide significant physical, molecular, and structural insights into the Tcomplex structure and composition, the effect of host receptors on its nuclear import, the mechanism of T-DNA nuclear import, proteolysis and integration in host cells. Understanding the mechanical and molecular basis for T-DNA nuclear import and integration is an essential key for the development of new strategies for genetic transformation of recalcitrant plant species. Thus, the knowledge gained in this study can potentially be applied to enhance the transformation process by interfering with key steps of the transformation process (i.e. nuclear import, proteolysis and integration). Finally, in addition to the study of Agrobacterium-host interaction, our research also revealed some fundamental insights into basic cellular mechanisms of nuclear import, targeted proteolysis, protein-DNA interactions and DNA repair.