Tesis: "Comparative"

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Nussbaum, Miriam Claire. "Subset comparatives as comparative quantifiers". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113771.

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Thesis: S.M. in Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 42-44).
This paper motivates and presents a novel analysis of the "subset comparative" construction (e.g. John saw more phonologists than just Mary; John drank more than just coffee). I build on Hackl (2000) and Alxatib (2013)'s analyses of comparative quantifiers (more than three) to develop a unified account for both. This analysis entails that subset comparatives are formed via ellipsis of a clausal source; I provide evidence for this claim and against previous analyses that give subset comparatives a phrasal analysis.
by Miriam Claire Nussbaum.
S.M. in Linguistics

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2

Kassel, Calvin. "A Comparative Study of Comparative Brand Advertising". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78651.

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Perhaps one of the most interesting and topical discussions to emerge quite contentiously within the legal purview in recent decades is the subject of comparative brand advertising. Comparative brand advertisements explicitly name the brand of another proprietor, and in doing so, use trademarks of that other proprietor. This paper will seek to expound on the subject of comparative advertising. This paper will further consider how comparative brand advertisements are regulated within South Africa, the US and the European Union and then ultimately deliberate the similarities and differences, if any, between the law and regulations relating to comparative brand advertising in each jurisdiction.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Private Law
LLM
Unrestricted

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3

Prakash, Amol. "Algorithms for comparative sequence analysis and comparative proteomics /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6904.

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4

Hackl, Martin 1968. "Comparative quantifiers". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8765.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, February 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-193).
The main goal of the thesis is to present a novel analysis of comparative quantifiers such as more than three students. The prevalent view on such expressions advocated in Generalized Quantifier Theory is that they denoted generalized quantifiers ranging over individuals - entirely on a par with expressions like every student, some student(s), etc. According to this view, more than three is a determiner (like every) that is, even though morpho-syntactically complex, semantically a simplex expression that can be viewed as denoting a relation between sets of individuals. The proposal that will be developed in this thesis on the other hand maintains that expressions like more than three are also semantically complex. More specifically, an analysis of comparative quantifiers will be given that is fully compositional down to level of the formation of comparative determiners. The proposal is based on concepts that are independently needed to analyze comparative constructions. Three main pieces will be argued to form the semantic and syntactic core of comparative quantifiers: a degree function expressed by many, a degree description given by the numeral (which will be analyzed as measure phrase) and the comparative relation expressed by the comparative morpheme -er. Importantly, each of the three pieces can be empirically shown to interact in predictably (and partially independent) ways with elements inside the quantifier as well as with elements in the matrix clause. These interactions are unexpected unless comparative quantifiers are built in the syntax. Giving a fully compositional analysis is therefore not just conceptually appealing but also required to explain new empirical generalizations. The more general enterprise that this thesis hopes pave the way is giving a uniform and fully compositional analysis of comparative quantificational structures that does not exist so far.
by Martin Hackl.
Ph.D.

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5

Mirga-Kruszelnicka, Anna. ""The associations are all we have”. Comparative study of the romani associationism and ethnic mobilization in Spain and Colombia". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400198.

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El objetivo de esta tesis es explorar la naturaleza de la movilización étnica, su dinámica, los elementos característicos que la componen y para evaluar cómo el entorno político (asociado con el surgimiento y variación en la estructura de oportunidades políticas) influye en el nacimiento y el desarrollo de los movimientos étnicos. Con el fin de hacerlo, he desarrollado un estudio comparativo del movimiento asociativo gitano en dos ubicaciones geográficas diferentes - España y Colombia. En un intento de superar las divisiones teóricas existentes, como medio de simplificación y síntesis, he desarrollado un modelo teórico-analítico que me permitió poner en práctica el concepto de movilización ética para fines analíticos. En este proceso, he establecido cinco elementos clave que componen la movilización étnica y que trato como macro-variables. Dividir el concepto de movilización étnica en estos ingredientes permite un análisis detallado de los elementos relevantes de una manera más transparente, y al mismo tiempo permite explorar la relación que se establece entre estos componentes de una manera dinámica. Por otra parte, una importante contribución de este modelo radica en la conceptualización de la movilización étnica como un proceso complejo, dinámico y multi-nivel que se plasma en múltiples direcciones, es decir: movilización interna (hacia las adherentes), la movilización lateral (dirigida hacia a los aliados y espectadores) y la movilización externa hacia arriba (dirigida hacia al oponente, sobre todo el Estado). Esta investigación comparativa e interdisciplinaria se basa en estudios de casos y se inspira en el enfoque de etnografía multi-situada. Durante el trabajo de campo en Colombia y España, me he basado principalmente en métodos cualitativos y he incorporado elementos de la etnografía, observando los patrones de liderazgo y representación, en la intersección de las esfera pública y privada, entre los protagonistas gitanos de movilización étnica vis-a-vis las miembros no-asociados de la comunidad gitana. Esta tesis se divide en ocho capítulos. En el primer capítulo presento reflexiones iniciales. En el segundo capítulo, se analizan los conceptos y se presenta el marco teórico. Proporciono una conceptualización inicial del activismo gitano, para situar mi discusión en lo que considero como expresiones de movilización étnica. También esbozo el modelo teórico-analítico. En el capítulo tres, presento mi metodología de la investigación, describo en detalle el proceso de trabajo de campo y explico el proceso de análisis de datos. En el capítulo cuatro, proporciono la necesaria descripción del entorno en Europa y América Latina, lo que permite situar los estudios de casos de movilización étnica gitana en un contexto más amplio. Los capítulos cinco y seis presentan los resultados de los estudios de caso en España y Colombia, respectivamente. Ambos capítulos tienen una estructura similar: presento los actores y las estructuras de movilización étnica gitanos, analizo los encuadros (frames) de identidad e intereses colectivos, las estrategias de acción colectiva y discuto los factores externos del entorno que condicionan el fenómeno de la movilización étnica. El capítulo siete se dedica a discutir mis conclusiones de ambos estudios de casos desde una perspectiva comparativa, mediante la identificación de similitudes y diferencias, las sinergias, así como sus causas. También presento mis contribuciones al campo con respecto a la conceptualización de la movilización étnica como un proceso multidireccional. El capítulo final, que recapitula los resultados y conclusiones de esta tesis, proporciona una breve síntesis. También considero el posible impacto académico y social de mi investigación y presento de las posibles futuras líneas de investigación.
The objective of this thesis is to explore the nature of ethnic mobilization, its underlying dynamics, the characteristic elements that compose it and to assess how the political environment (associated with emerging and shifting political opportunities) influences the birth and development of ethnic movements. In order to do so, I developed a comparative study of Romani associative movement in two different geographical locations – Spain and Colombia. In an attempt to overcome the existing theoretical divisions, as a means of simplification and synthesis I developed a theoretical-analytical model which allowed me to operationalize the concept of ethic mobilization for analytical purposes. In this process, I established five key elements which compose ethnic mobilization and which I treat as macro-variables. Breaking down the concept of ethnic mobilization into these ingredients enables a detailed analysis of relevant elements in a more transparent way, at the same time allowing for an insight into relationships which these components establish between each other in a rather dynamic manner. Furthermore, a major contribution of this model lies in conceptualizing ethnic mobilization as a complex, dynamic and multi-level process which takes place in multiple directions, namely: internal mobilization (towards the constituencies), external sideways mobilization (targeting allies and bystanders) and external upward mobilization (targeting the opponent, mostly the State). This comparative and inter-disciplinary investigation is based on case studies and draws from a multi-sited ethnography approach. During field-work in Colombia and Spain, I relied mainly on qualitative methods and incorporated elements of ethnography, observing patterns of leadership and representation, on the intersection of public and private spheres among Romani actors of ethnic mobilization vis-a-vis un-associated members of the Romani community. This thesis is divided into eight chapters. In the first chapter I present initial reflections. In the second chapter, I provide insight into the concepts and their underlying theoretical conceptualization of the key terms relevant for the object of study. I provide an initial framing of Romani activism, to situate my discussion in what I consider as expressions of Romani ethnic mobilization. I also outline the theoretical-analytical model. In chapter three, I outline my methodology and research design, describe in detail the process of field-work and provide an insight into the process of data analysis and triangulation. In chapter four I “set the scene” by produce the necessary description of a broad and complex environment in Europe and Latin America, which allows to situate specific case-studies of Romani ethnic mobilization to in a wider context. Chapters five and six present the findings from the case-studies in Spain and Colombia, respectively. I provide empirical evidence, discuss and contextualize my findings with regards to Romani ethnic mobilization. Both chapters have a similar composition in which I discuss the actors and structures of Romani ethnic mobilization, the frames of collective identity and collective interests, strategies of collective action and the question of timing and external factors conditioning the phenomenon of ethnic mobilization. Chapter seven is dedicated to discussing my findings from both case-studies from a comparative perspective, by identifying similarities, synergies and differences as well as their causes; I also discuss my contributions to the field with regards to the understanding of ethnic mobilization as a multi-directional process. The final chapter, I recapitulate the findings and conclusions of this dissertation, providing a brief synthesis. I also consider the possible academic and social impact of my research and outline the potential future lines of research.

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6

Abrecht, Bernard. "La licéité des tests comparatifs : étude comparée des droits anglais et écossais, allemand et suisse /". Genève : Droz, 1995. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/272754447.pdf.

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7

Cadinot, Clément. "Les Préambules des constitutions : approche comparative". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0340.

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Les préambules constitutionnels sont répandus à travers le monde, depuis le constitutionnalisme de la fin du XVIIIème. A ce jour, plus de deux constitutions sur trois dans le monde en sont précédées. Pourtant, leur nature suscite un faible intérêt pour la doctrine, voire même un rejet. Pourtant, l'intérêt que leur porte constituants contemporains et l'utilisation qui en est faite par les juges constitutionnels invalide cette position de principe. Il convient de s'attacher à la variété des préambules constitutionnels à travers le monde, en dégager des fonctions et comprendre leurs utilisations contentieuses (ce qui n'exclut nullement la possibilité que certaines juridictions constitutionnelles ne s'y réfèrent pas). A ces fins, une approche marco-comparative puis micro-comparative semblent nécessaires pour embrasser cet objet juridique rarement étudié de manière systématique
Constitutional Preambles are worldwide spread from the late 18st Century constitutionalism. And today, more than two to three constitutions are opened with such a Preamble. Yet, regarding to their particuliar nature, law studies dealing with them are quite rare, if not deny them. However, the certain onstituents'interest to them and their use by constitutional judges just disprove it. A broad and methodic study dealing with the wide range of Preambles shall be established in ordre to understand their functions and their judicial uses - though a jurisdiction can not use them. To that end, a broad - macro-comparativ - and then a micro-comparativ study must be done, since a systematic study on Preambles has not been done

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8

Feltran, Gabriel Primini 1987. "Estudo comparativo da complexação de monoterpenos em ciclodextrina : preparação, caracterização química, desenvolvimento tecnológico e avaliação biológica". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317589.

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Orientador: Marcos José Salvador
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T12:16:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Feltran_GabrielPrimini_M.pdf: 2195659 bytes, checksum: ca442329b76d3b823e9a0079209f4252 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Os monoterpenos são uma importante classe de produtos naturais com odor e sabor intenso e que contém muitas moléculas que apresentam atividade biológica, incluindo a atividade antimicrobiana, e aplicações na indústria farmacêutica, cosmética e alimentícia. Entretanto, são substâncias lipofílicas, voláteis e apresentam certa instabilidade química. Ciclodextrinas (CDs) são carreadores macrocíclicos, capazes de complexar, aumentar a solubilidade em água e estabilizar um largo espectro de substâncias e que, atualmente, têm sido objeto de pesquisas e de desenvolvimento de novos produtos pela indústria farmacêutica. Neste trabalho procedeu-se um estudo comparativo da complexação de quatro monoterpenos (citral, ?-mirceno, limoneno e 1,8-cineol) em ?CD e HP-?CD, bem como a avaliação biológica desses compostos, complexados ou não. Após essas avaliações realizou-se o desenvolvimento de um enxaguante bucal contendo o monoterpeno mais promissor no combate ao biofilme dentário. Para a caracterização físico-química do complexo de inclusão monoterpeno-CD foram utilizadas técnicas espectroscópicas (UV-Vis), cromatográficas (CG-EM) e calorimétricas (DSC), avaliando a solubilidade dos complexos em água e porcentagem de inclusão dos monoterpenos em CD. Foi realizado um screening da atividade antimicrobiana dos quatro monoterpenos em estudo frente à quatro cepas de bactérias (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853; Escherichia coli ATCC 10538 e Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175) e quatro cepas de fungos (Candida albicans ATCC 10231; Candida dubliniensis ATCC 22019; Candida tropicalis ATCC 157 e Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019). Essa avaliação foi realizada através da determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (concentração que inibiu 50% do desenvolvimento microbiano, CIM) e Concentração Biocida Mínima (concentração que inibiu em 100% o desenvolvimento microbiano, CBM). O monoterpeno citral mostrou-se mais efetivo (CBM citral = 2,5µL/mL) frente à cepa de S. mutans (ATCC 25175). A partir desses resultados o citral foi o monoterpeno escolhido para dar continuidade aos estudos propostos no projeto. Avaliou-se o efeito do citral isoladamente, complexado e incorporado em formulações de enxaguante bucal, frente ao crescimento e aderência de S. mutans (ATCC 25175) em superfície sólida. Avaliou-se, também, a citotoxicidade do citral e de algumas formulações de enxaguante bucal verificando-se baixa citotoxicidade frente a cultura de queratinócitos humanos (HaCat). Tanto o citral em sua forma livre como complexado em CDs apresentou atividade frente a cepa indicadora de S. mutans (ATCC 25175), impedindo a formação do biofilme in vitro em concentração sub-inibitória (CBM/2 = 1,25µL/mL). Ao avaliar o citral e seus complexos de inclusão incorporados nas formulações de enxaguante bucal, observou-se manutenção do efeito antibacteriano in vitro frente a cepa de S. mutans (ATCC 25175) e uma melhor solubilidade do complexo de inclusão citral-HP?CD se comparado ao monoterpeno não complexado em CD
Abstract: Monoterpenes are an important class of natural products with intense flavor and odor and can exhibit biological activity including antimicrobial activity, and applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry. However, monoterpenes are lipophilic and volatile substances which demonstrate some chemical instability. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are macrocyclic carriers capable of complexing a wide range of substances and increase their water solubility currently been the subject of research and development of new products for the pharmaceutical industry. In this project a comparative study was carried complexing four monoterpenes (citral, ?-myrcene, limonene and 1,8-cineole) in ?-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin, and biological evaluation of such monoterpenes, complexed or not. After these assessments was performed to develop a mouthwash containing the most promising monoterpene to combat dental biofilm. For physico-chemical characterization of the inclusion complex monoterpene-CD spectroscopic (UV-Vis), chromatographic (GC-MS) and calorimetric (DSC) were used to evaluate the solubility of the complex in water and percentage of inclusion of these monoterpenes in cyclodextrin. Antimicrobial activity screening for the monoterpenes was conducted across four strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 10538 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175) and four strains of fungi (Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida dubliniensis ATCC 22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 157 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019). This evaluation was performed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (concentration that inhibited 50% of microbial growth, MIC) and Minimum Biocide Concentration (concentration that inhibited 100% microbial development, MBC). The monoterpene citral was more effective (MBC citral = 2.5?L/mL) against the strain of S. mutans (ATCC 25175). From these results the monoterpene citral was chosen to continue the studies in the proposed project. Were evaluated the effect of citral alone, complexed and incorporated into mouthwash formulations, to the growth and adherence of S. mutans (ATCC25175) on a solid surface. It was also assessed the cytotoxicity of citral and some mouthwash formulations afford low cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes (HaCat) cell culture. Both citral and citral complexed with CDs presented activity against the indicator strain of S. mutans (ATCC25175), preventing the formation of biofilms in vitro in the sub-inhibitory concentration (MBC/2 = 1.25?L/mL). When evaluating citral and their inclusion complexes embedded in mouthwash formulations, the in vitro antibacterial effect against S. mutans (ATCC 25175) was maintained and an increased solubility of the inclusion complex citral-HP?CD compared to monoterpene uncomplexed with CD
Mestrado
Fármacos, Medicamentos e Insumos para Saúde
Mestre em Ciências

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9

Ivorra, Ordines Pedro. "Les Construccions comparatives intensificadores de la lletjor en català, espanyol, anglès i francès des de les gramàtiques de construccions: un estudi basat en corpus". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672700.

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La Fraseologia i les gramàtiques de construccions presenten molts punts en comú, fet que no resulta sorprenent tenint en compte que en els primers estudis construccionistes s’analitzaven expressions idiomàtiques (cf. Fillmore, Kay i O’Connor 1988; Kay i Fillmore 1999). L’objectiu principal de la tesi és l’anàlisi de la variació i la creativitat de les construccions comparatives intensificadores de la lletjor en català, espanyol, anglés i francés a través d’una metodologia inductiva basada en corpus a partir del programari Sketch Engine. Seguint els postulats construccionistes basats en l’ús, es duu a terme una anàlisi intralingüística i interlingüística de la fixació cognitiva de les construccions, les variants semàntiques de significat, així com la productivitat a partir de la freqüència type i les ocurrències amb una freqüència d’aparició molt baixa (hàpax legòmena) i la creativitat atenent a les extensions analògiques i les contaminacions entre construccions.
Phraseology and Construction Grammar have many interests in common, which is not surprising since first construction-based studies focused on idiomatic expressions (cf. Fillmore, Kay and O’Connor 1988; Kay and Fillmore 1999). The main aim is to analyse variation and creativity of intensifying comparative constructions of ugliness in Catalan, Spanish, English, and French adopting an inductive methodology based on corpora from the Sketch Engine software. Following a usage-based constructionist approach, we conduct an intra- and interlinguistic analysis on the entrenchment of constructions, semantic variants of meaning, as well as productivity by means of type frequency and those occurrences with low token frequency (hapax legomena) and creativity according to analogical extensions and constructional contamination.

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10

Otman, Ismail. "La justice restaurative : Étude comparative entre les droits répressifs - français et libyen". Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMD002.

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Cette thèse porte sur « la justice restaurative : Étude comparative entre les droits répressifs - français et libyen ».Pour aborder le sujet, l’auteur a conjugué la méthode descriptive et la méthode analytique critique : la méthode descriptive pour dégager une image précise de l’idée de justice restaurative en la soumettant à l’examen et en prenant connaissance de ses applications en des temps, des lieux et des cultures diverses ; la méthode analytique critique pour procéder à une lecture des textes législatifs des droits français et libyen et les comparer, afin de voir dans quelle mesure ils permettent d’atteindre de façon pertinente les buts que s’assigne la justice restaurative
This thesis is a comparative analysis of the repressive legal rights in France and Libya with regard to Restorative justice.The author, in carrying out this comparative analysis, has employed both the descriptive and the critical analytical methods. The use of descriptive method gave a clear picture of the idea of restorative justice by submitting it to examination and taking cognizance of its application with regard to period, location and culture. On the other hand, the use of critical analytical method, made it possible to read and compare the legal texts of French and Libyan laws, in order to examine the extent to which they make it possible to achieve the restorative justice goals

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11

Makri, Maria-Margarita. "Aspects of comparative constructions : comparative syntax, semantics & L1-acquisition". Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22214/.

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This thesis examines the crosslinguistic variation and acquisition of comparative constructions and proposes a fine-grained AP periphery along with an analysis of comparatives as constructions involving subtraction. More specifically, it is proposed that gradable predicates incorporate a Quantifier head and that comparative morphology is realised in two distinct heads above the Q-head: the higher C-head assigns case to the differential argument whereas the lower one, which is immediately above the Q-head checks the case of the standard phrase. Furthermore, I provide novel evidence for two types of comparative markers, a 'functional' one, which is the realisation of C2 if the gradable predicate does not move to C2, and a 'lexical' one, which is the comparative form of the quantity word that adjoins to a positive adjective. This analysis explains morphological facts as well as variation in case assignment in Greek varieties. As far as standard phrases are concerned I propose that there are three distinct types of standard phrases: adjunct standard phrases introduced by the phrasal standard marker, argument standard phrases comprised of the phrasal standard marker and a nominal (DP or relative clause) and exceptive phrases. Furthermore, the study of the distribution of polarity items and comparative negation in Romance comparatives as well as the acquisition of Italian comparatives suggest that negation found in comparatives is an overt realisation of the negative operator. This analysis explains a (universal) gap in the distribution of comparative negation, namely the unavailability of languages that license comparative negation but not polarity items.

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Alsaleh, halah. "La cassation du jugement pénal : approche comparative franco-koweïtienne". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA001/document.

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L’étude comparative de la cassation du jugement pénal entre les droits français et koweïtien doit s’effectuer à travers l’examen du rôle et des missions de la Cour de cassation, gardienne de la loi pénale. Elle assure le respect des droits et libertés individuels lorsqu’elle est saisie d’un pourvoi dans l’intérêt des parties. Les cours de cassation française et koweïtienne se rejoignent sur le domaine de la cassation en matière pénale (Le contrôle effectué dans le cadre du pourvoi en cassation et les conditions d’exercice de celui-ci). Il n’en va pas de même pour le mécanisme de pourvoi (l’exercice du pourvoi et la décision de la juridiction de cassation). Le droit koweïtien gagnerait en clarté et en efficacité en s’inspirant directement du droit français et en se libérant de l’influence exercée par la transposition du droit égyptien. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des propositions de réforme pour améliorer le système koweïtien de cassation sont présentées
A study that aims to compare the cassation of judicial criminal judgment between that of the laws of France and Kuwait. Shall be done through the role and the mission of the Court of cassation, the guardian of criminal law. The Court ensures the protection of individual rights and freedoms once cassation appeal is submitted forward in the interest of the parties. French and Kuwait’s Court of cassation can meet on the domain field in relation to cassation in criminal matters (the control of cassation appeal and its exercisable conditions), yet it is not the same issue for the cassation appeal mechanism (the practice of the cassation appeal and the decision that of the Court).The laws implemented in Kuwait would gain clarity and efficiency that being from the direct inspiration from the French laws and liberating itself from the shackles of Egyptian laws. Reform and true commitment is the key to unlock this goal and is in turn necessary to improve cassation system of Kuwait

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O'Sullivan, Emer. "Comparative children's literature /". London [u.a.] : Routledge, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018910995&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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14

Höfler, Torsten, Christian Burkert y Martin Telzer. "Comparative Firewall Study". Thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200401485.

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15

Loman, Nicholas James. "Comparative bacterial genomics". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2839/.

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For the most part, diagnostic clinical microbiology still relies on 19th century ideas and techniques, particularly microscopy and laboratory culture. In this thesis I investigate the utility of a new approach, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), to tackle current issues in infectious disease. I present four studies. The first demonstrates the utility of WGS in a hospital outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii. The second study uses WGS to examine the evolution of drug resistance following antibiotic treatment. I then explore the use of WGS prospectively during an international outbreak of food-borne Escherichia coli infection, which caused over 50 deaths. The final study compares the performance of benchtop sequencers applied to the genome of this outbreak strain and touches on the issue of whether WGS is ready for routine use by clinical and public health laboratories. In conclusion, through this programme of work, I provide ample evidence that whole-genome sequencing of bacterial pathogens has great potential in clinical and public health microbiology. However, a number of technical and logistical challenges have yet to be addressed before such approaches can become routine.

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16

Chanssaud, Pascale. "La publicité comparative". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10027.

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Après un débat controversé, la loi du 18 janvier 1992 a autorisé en France la publicité comparative. Cette technique publicitaire a l'originalité d'impliquer trois partenaires économiques aux intérêts souvent divergeants : l'annonceur, le concurrent visé par la comparaison et le consommateur. La recherche d'un équilibre entre le besoin d'information du public et la loyauté de la compétition commerciale doit passer par une protection du consentement du consommateur et une protection des concurrents contre les agressions économiques. La loi de 1992 s'engage dans cette voie en exigeant que la publicité comparative soit véridique et objective, et répondre à diverses conditions selon qu'elle compare les produits et services, ou les prix. En outre, elle prévoit la sanction civile du dénigrement et du parasitisme, et la sanction pénale de l'usage abusif de la marque concurrente et de la publicité trompeuse. La publicité comparative sera sans nulle doute appelée à se développer au profil de chacun, aujourd'hui sur le fondement de ces règles, demain sur celui du droit communautaire.

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17

Romano, Valerio Cosimo. "Empirical Comparative Law". Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200991.

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Dernis, Nathalie. "Le don de sang : l'affermissement croissant du principe de gratuité en France et en Allemagne". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1031.

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« Tout a ou bien un prix ou bien une dignité. On peut remplacer ce qui a un prix par un équivalent. En revanche, ce qui n’a pas de prix et donc pas d’équivalent, c’est ce qui possède une dignité». L’utilisation de la norme juridique comme fondement du principe de gratuité du don de sang ne répond pas à la question de savoir quel est le statut juridique du sang. Notre analyse rétrospective sur les prémices de la rémunération du don de sang permet de constater les carences juridiques relatives aux rapports dialectiques entre les personnes impliquées au don de sang. Notre réflexion consiste à démontrer en quoi le principe de gratuité du don de sang recommandé par le Conseil de l’Europe se légitime eu égard à l’objectif d’autosuffisance. Notre étude franco-allemande appréhende le principe de gratuité soumis aux enjeux antagonistes que soulève le don de sang. L’exigence de cette analyse juridique implique de tenir compte des facteurs pluridimensionnels d’ordre culturel, social, scientifique, économique. Le principe de gratuité révèle l’expression d’un choix « politico-juridique » et d’un juste arbitrage dans la hiérarchisation des valeurs et des priorités, plutôt que l’existence d’un statut juridique propre au produit sanguin.Nietzsche exposait déjà l’indissoluble dilemme car « dans l’éloge de la vertu on n’a jamais été bien désintéressé, on n’a jamais été bien altruiste». Nous démontrons l’intérêt de penser une certaine « médiété » entre les considérations éthiques très prononcées en France et les considérations industrielles et commerciales, capitales en Allemagne. De nouveaux aménagements juridiques ont ainsi été suggérés dans le cadre d’une alliance
«Everything has either a price or a dignity.We can replace what has a price by an equivalent.On the other hand, the one which has no price, and therefore no equivalent, is the one which has a dignity.»Using the legal standard as the basis of the principle of free blood donation does not answer the question of what is the legal status of blood.However after a retrospective analysis of the beginnings of the remuneration of blood donation, the legal deficiencies on dialectical relationship between the people involved in the therapeutic use of blood donation are highlighted.Thus our discussion is to demonstrate how the principle of free blood donation recommended by the Council of Europe member states is legitimate in view of the goal of self-sufficiency.Our franco-german comparative study captures the principle of gratuity subject to conflicting issues raised by blood donation.To identify the requirements of the legal analysis, the multidimensional economic, cultural, social, scientific factors must consubstantially be taken into account.The principle of gratuity reveals the expression of a «political and legal» choice and arbitration in the hierarchy of values and priorities, rather than the existence of a legal status specific to blood product.Nietzsche had already outlined the indissoluble dilemma as «in the praise of virtue, people have never been very disinterested, they have never been good altruists.»We demonstrate the benefit of thinking a kind of «mediatedness» between the highly pronounced ethical considerations in France, and the industrial and commercial considerations, capital in Germany.New legal arrangements have been suggested within a franco-german alliance

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19

Allouch, Abdenbi. "L'argument comparatiste : essai sur les mutations du droit du travail". Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG2053.

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Le discours comparatiste influence le débat sur l’impératif d’efficacité économique en droit du travail ; là où la science comparative exige du temps, de l’attention aux aspects juridiques et extra-juridiques pouvant influencer un système juridique, une méthode et de la modestie (quant aux conclusions auxquelles le comparatiste parvient), la rhétorique comparatiste n’obéit pas aux contraintes du droit comparé. Le comparatisme d’intimidation, principale figure du discours comparatiste dominant en droit du travail, s’érige en instrument de diffusion de « bonnes » pratiques et de « modèles » d’institutions juridiques jugés économiquement efficaces. Il est un outil de propagande ; il permet de dissimuler les positions des différents acteurs sous une apparence de neutralité axiologique et scientifique. La mobilisation de l’argument comparatiste influence et bouscule les catégories juridiques et les représentations sur lesquelles repose le droit du travail
The comparative discourse influences the debate on the imperative of economic efficiency in labour law ; where the comparative science requires time, attention to the legal and extra-legal can influence a legal system, a method and modesty (towards the conclusions reached), the comparative rhetoric does not obey the constraints of comparative law. The intimidation comparatism, leading figure of the dominant discourse in comparative labour law, stands in scattering instrument of "good" practices and "models" of legal institutions deemed economically efficient. It is a propaganda tool; it can hide the positions of various actors under the guise of scientific and axiological neutrality. The mobilization of the comparative argument influences and challenges the legal categories and the representations underlying labour law

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20

Ornelas, Rafael Amaral. "Comparative advantage, heterogeneous firms and variable mark-ups". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/12094.

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We develop a model of comparative advantage with monopolistic competition, that incorporates heterogeneous firms and endogenous mark-ups. We analyse how these features vary across countries with different factor endowments, and across markets of different size. In this model we can obtain trade gains via two channels. First, when we open the economy, most productive firms start to export their product, then, they demand more producing factors and wages rises, thus, those firms that are less productive will be forced to stop to produce. Second channel is via endogenous mark-ups, when we open the economy, the competition gets ``tougher'', then, mark-ups falls, thus, those firms that are less productive will stop to produce. We also show that comparative advantage works as a ``third channel'' of trade gains, because, all trade gains results are magnified in comparative advantage industry of both countries. We also make a numerical exercise to see how endogenous variables of the model vary when trade costs fall.

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21

Caudle, Michael Edward. "A comparative study of self-perceived leadership skills in coeducational, male-only, and female-only educational settings". Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85774.

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The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the effect that a gender-specific classroom had on men's and women's self-perceived leadership abilities as compared to coeducational classrooms where the students were studying leadership together. The sample for the study comprised 81 junior and senior students enrolled in a survey leadership course (ALED 340) in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communications during the Spring 2007 semester at Texas A&M University. The students were assigned to one of five leadership laboratory sections; three sections were traditional coeducational, one was all-male, and one was all-female. During the last week of the course, the students voluntarily participated in a Leadership Skills Inventory survey that asked them to rate their self-perceptions of their leadership skills. The instrument used the post-then design method that asked for their perceptions prior to beginning the course and their perceptions at the conclusion of the course. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 14.0. Results of the study showed statistically significantly higher self-perceptions of leadership skills abilities for those students who participated in the gender-specific laboratory sections. The all-male section's self-perceptions were statistically significantly higher than both the males in the coeducational sections and the coeducational sections as a whole. The all-female section's self-perceptions were statistically significantly higher than the coeducational sections as a whole. The study also revealed that leadership experience in organizations and activities in high school and college prior to enrolling in a college-level leadership course statistically significantly improves self-perceptions of leadership skills ability. Results of this study agree with many research studies that support single-sex schooling and education.

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22

Krzeminski, Aurélie. "La dimension compétitive de l'optimisme comparatif : Une contribution expérimentale à l'étude de l'impact de la compétition sur la perception auto-avantageuse de l'avenir". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2002/document.

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La perception optimiste que les gens ont de l’avenir a fait l’objet de nombreuses études. Elles ont conduit à observer une expression auto-avantageuse lors des comparaisons de son avenir à celui d’autrui (i.e., l’optimisme comparatif). Ces études ont examiné minutieusement les conditions de son émergence et ses explications intra-individuelles (motivationnelles et cognitives). D’autres études, rares mais souvent convaincantes, ont montré l’impact de la situation, de la position sociale et de la culture dans lesquelles l’optimisme comparatif est exprimé. Les explications qui en découlent interrogent plus largement l’influence des systèmes idéologiques, dans lesquelles sont insérés les gens, sur l’expression de l’optimisme comparatif. Ce dernier, principalement obtenu dans les cultures occidentales et des systèmes idéologiques libéraux, caractérisés par une dimension compétitive forte, entretient de nombreux liens avec la compétition. Afin de tester la dimension compétitive de l’optimisme comparatif ou dans quelle mesure la compétition facilite l’expression d’optimisme comparatif, nous avons mené sept études. Pour l’essentiel, elles montrent que la compétition tend à être associée à l’optimisme comparatif et à l’accroître. En outre, elles montrent la dimension d’utilité sociale de l’optimisme comparatif et que la relation entre compétition et optimisme comparatif est médiatisée par les buts de performances. Nous en concluons que l’optimisme comparatif, reflet de la compétition induite par la comparaison à autrui, est l’expression des conditions, notamment idéologiques, ultra-compétitives de nos sociétés occidentales, dans lesquelles il est exprimé
Optimistic perception that people have of the future has been the subject of numerous studies. They led to observe an advantageous self expression when comparing his future to that of others (i.e., comparative optimism). These studies have scrutinized the conditions of its emergence and its intra-individual explanations (motivational and cognitive). Other studies rare but often compelling, showed the impact of the situation, social position and culture in which the comparative optimism is expressed. Explanations ensuing question more broadly the influence of ideological systems in which people are inserted, the expression of comparative optimism. The latter, obtained mainly in Western cultures and liberal ideological systems, characterized by strong competitive dimension, maintains many links with the competition. To test the competitive dimension of comparative optimism or to what extent the competition facilitates the expression of comparative optimism, we conducted seven studies. In essence, they show that the competition tends to be associated with comparative optimism and grow. In addition, they show the dimension of social utility of comparative optimism and the relationship between competition and comparative optimism is mediated by performance goals. We conclude that the comparative optimism, reflecting the competition induced by comparison to others, is the expression of conditions, including ideological, ultra-competitive in our Western societies in which it is expressed

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23

Axelsson, Erik. "Comparative Genomics in Birds". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7432.

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Parent, Marcel 1975. "Is comparative philosophy postmodern?" Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79800.

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This thesis examines the claims of Jeffrey Timm and James Buchanan that the field of Comparative Philosophy is moving in a postmodern direction. I examine their conception of the postmodern and compare to both the most influential views of postmodernism and with my own understanding of postmodernism. To evaluate their claims I examine the journal Philosophy East and West, which I argue is representative of the field of Comparative Philosophy. I analyze the works of the editors of the journal and also do a statistical analysis of the journal to determine whether the field is becoming more postmodern. I conclude that Timm and Buchanan may be correct.

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25

Cribb, Alan. "Values and comparative politics". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329596.

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May, Alexander Conrad William. "Automated comparative protein modelling". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243603.

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Farrell, Robert James III. "Comparative urban performance simulation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112853.

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Thesis: S.M. in Architecture Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This research is concerned with applying environmental urban performance analysis methods to comparative urban master planning. Using bottom-up physics-based urban simulation algorithms, the author established a repeatable methodology for computationally analyzing and comparing urban environments. Conditions simulated included, individual building operational energy use, floor-by-floor spatial daylight autonomy, and site wide occupant mobility. The study area is the Interstate 195 redevelopment site in Providence, Rhode Island. Four historic master planning documents were sampled from 1992 to 2012. The predominate instrument for geometric modeling and simulation was the MIT Urban Modeling Interface(UMI). The methodology proposed in this study provides both, a specific framework of values for performance optimization in Providence as well as a more general framework for the automation of urban simulations in disparate regions. Results from this experiment were processed using custom instrumentation, built using web-based network architecture, to provide rapid result visualization and interactive urban data display. The research concludes by proposing a new architecture of urban system modeling.
by Robert James Farrell III.
S.M. in Architecture Studies

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28

Wagner, Christopher. "Comparative grain storage analysis". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35752.

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Master of Agribusiness
Department of Agricultural Economics
Brian C. Briggeman
Grain Elevators have towered the plains of Southwest Kansas for over the last half of a century. Many of these large white concrete structures were built during the 1950s using a slip form concrete design. While new grain storage has been built over time, many of the original slip form structures remain a large part of the farm cooperatives storage capacity. Grain production has continued to increase and put greater demand on storage facilities and handling capabilities. Thus, there is a need for cooperatives to meet the future demands of farmers by replacing or updating grain storage assets. The objective of this project is to provide a comparative analysis of grain storage options that a cooperative, primarily the Garden City Co-op, Inc. (GCC), could utilize in making a decision to update or replace grain storage assets. The project examines three different options for grain storage including concrete, steel, and bunker storage. The project will also examine extending the life of an original slip form elevator by installing a gunite bin liner. To determine which option that provides the most economic benefit to GCC and its members, Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of Return are estimated for each grain storage option. GCC historical grain handling margins and grain storage costs were derived from historical averages and bids from projects GCC has undertaken in the past five years, respectively. The model assumes receipts as a percentage of storage to accurately represent bushels handled by a facility. Grain storage is highly variable in initial cost and the operational needs will change in every circumstance. The results indicate that a large volume of grain is needed before economic profits will be realized.

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29

Lotspeich, Felisha Lynn. "Humanitarian Aid Comparative Study". Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1194896012.

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Mao, Shihong. "Comparative Microarray Data Mining". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1198695415.

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O'Donnell, James E. "Presenteeism a comparative analysis /". Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/317/.

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32

Cheung, Yam-Leung. "The negative wh-construction". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1779690041&sid=25&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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33

Schaus, Annemie. "L'exécution des obligations internationales dans l'Etat fédéral". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211768.

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Mixão, Verónica de Pinho 1991. "Hybridization in Candida yeast pathogens". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670103.

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Candida species are among the most important fungal pathogens. Although Candida albicans is the most common cause of Candida infections, many other Candida species have emerged as pathogens. How pathogenicity is evolutionary acquired is unknown, but previous studies point to a role of hybridization in its development. This thesis studied the genomic features of Candida pathogens, with a special focus on hybrids and their evolution. Specifically, it asked the questions of how spread are hybrids among Candida species, and what are the processes that drive the evolution of their genomes. To this end, genomes from 141 isolates belonging to 13 Candida species were analyzed and compared, to reconstruct their features and evolution. Overall, this thesis supports an important role of hybridization in the emergence of new yeast pathogens and provides novel insights on the evolutionary aftermath of hybridization.
Candida spp. se encuentran entre los hongos patógenos más importantes. Candida albicans es la principal causante de infecciones por Candida, pero muchas otras especies del mismo género han emergido como patógenos. Los mecanismos evolutivos implicados en la adquisición de patogenicidad se desconocen, pero estudios precedentes apuntan a que la hibridación puede haber jugado un papel importante en este desarrollo. Esta tesis estudia las características genómicas de las especies patógenas del género Candida, centrándose en híbridos y su evolución. Específicamente, se analiza la presencia de híbridos entre las especies de Candida y se estudian los procesos que impulsan la evolución de sus genomas. Para ello, se analizaron y compararon los genomas de 141 cepas correspondientes a 13 especies con el propósito de reconstruir sus características genómicas y estudiar su evolución. En resumen, esta tesis respalda un papel importante de la hibridación en la aparición de nuevas levaduras patógenas y aporta nuevas ideas sobre las consecuencias evolutivas de dicha hibridación.

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35

Costa, Fernando Nascimento 1984. "Análise comparativa da válvula de expansão eletrônica e do tubo capilar em sistemas de refrigeração". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265902.

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Orientador: Luiz Felipe Mendes de Moura
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Resumo O uso da refrigeração tem crescido de forma considerável nos últimos anos, promovendo diversos estudos que busquem a otimização destes sistemas. Utilizando a automação industrial, processos de instrumentação, sistemas de aquisição e processamento de dados, analisa-se a eficiência de um sistema de refrigeração com o tubo capilar e válvula de expansão eletrônica como dispositivo de expansão. Parâmetros importantes para o bom funcionamento do ciclo: temperatura de evaporação e condensação, pressão de evaporação e condensação, carga térmica no evaporador, grau de superaquecimento na saída do evaporador e coeficiente de desempenho (COP), são analisados. O circuito frigorífico é composto por duas subunidades. O circuito principal, dotado de uma unidade condensadora hermética, evaporador e dispositivos de expansão. A unidade secundária possui uma bomba para circulação de um fluido secundário (álcool etílico), um trocador de calor e um fancoil. Foi também desenvolvido uma análise de eficiência energética no compressor. A potência de compressão, bem como a potência consumida no compressor e a eficiência total do compressor para o tubo capilar e para a válvula de expansão eletrônica foram verificadas. Pode-se verificar que para o sistema em questão, a válvula de expansão eletrônica mostrou ser mais eficiente para todas as condições propostas para o tubo capilar e para a válvula de expansão eletrônica. Palavras Chave: Válvula de Expansão Eletrônica; tubo capilar, estudo comparativo; Automação
Abstract: Summary The use of refrigeration has grown considerably in recent years, many studies that seek to promote the optimization of these systems. Using industrial automation, process instrumentation, data acquisition and processing systems, we analyze the efficiency of a refrigeration system with capillary tube and electronic expansion valve as the expansion device. Important for the proper functioning of the cycle parameters: temperature of evaporation and condensation, evaporation and condensation pressure, the evaporator heat load, degree of superheat at the evaporator outlet and coefficient of performance (COP), are analyzed. The refrigeration circuit is composed of two subunits. The main circuit with a hermetic condensing unit, evaporator and expansion devices. The secondary unit has a pump for circulating a secondary fluid (ethyl alcohol), a heat exchanger and fan coil. Was also developed an analysis of energy efficiency in the compressor. The compression power and the power consumed at the compressor and the overall efficiency of the compressor to the capillary tube and the electronic expansion valve was observed. Can be seen that for the system in question, the electronic expansion valve proved to be more efficient for all conditions proposed for the capillary tube and the electronic expansion valve. Key words: Electronic Expansion Valve; capillary, comparative study; Automation
Mestrado
Termica e Fluidos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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36

Oyama, Kazumi Onaga Nagayama. "Avaliação comparativa da citotoxicidade in vitro dos solventes utilizados no retratamento endodôntico". Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23135/tde-06082003-103843/.

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RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a citotoxicidade in vitro dos solventes utilizados em terapia de retratamento endodôntico: óleo de casca de laranja, eucaliptol, xilol, clorofórmio e halotano através da avaliação da citotoxicidade de cada solvente em diferentes concentrações finais e condições de contato com as células de fibroblastos de linhagem NIH 3T3. O experimento foi dividido em 4 etapas: etapa 1- os solventes foram misturados em meio de cultura (DMEM) nas concentrações finais de 0, 5, 10, 25, 50 e 100% e depositados sobre a cultura de células para o tempo de 5 minutos; etapa 2-os solventes foram misturados em meio de cultura nas concentrações finais de 0, 10 e 25% e depositados sobre a cultura de células para os tempos de 10 e 15 minutos; etapa 3a- os solventes foram depositados sobre as células de fibroblastos (contato direto) e acrescido de meio de cultura; etapa 3b-onde os fibroblastos receberam o meio de cultura e sobre este depositado os solventes testes (contato indireto) nas concentrações finais de 0, 5 e 10% para o tempo de 5 minutos; etapa 4- os solventes foram previamente solubilizados com o álcool absoluto na proporção de 1:1 e depois misturados ao meio de cultura na concentração final de 5% para o tempo de 5 minutos. A avaliação foi realizada pela contagem celular através de método de exclusão de células coradas pelo azul Trypan. Os resultados obtidos nos permitiram concluir que todos os solventes testados são citotóxicos in vitro, sendo que o óleo de laranja foi o menos tóxico, ao permitir alguma viabilidade celular. Observou-se ainda que o preparo prévio dos solventes influenciou no percentual de células viáveis.
SUMMARY The aim of this study was to compare in vitro solvents used in endodontic retreatment therapy: orange oil, eucalyptol, xylene, chloroform and halothane through cytotoxicity evaluation of each solvent in different final concentration and contact conditions to NIH 3T3 fibroblasts cells lines. The experiment was divided in four stages: stage 1- the solvents were mixed in culture medium (DMEM) in final concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100% placed on the cells in culture for periods of 5 minutes; stage 2- the solvents were mixed in culture medium in finals concentrations of 0, 10 and 25% placed on the cells in culture for periods of 10 and 15 minutes; stage 3a- the solvents were placed on the fibroblasts cells (direct contact) and added culture medium; stage 3b- the fibroblasts cells get first culture medium and after that solvents were placed (indirect contact), in bouth the finals concentrations were 0, 5 and 10% for periods of 5 minutes; stage 4- solvents were previously solubilized in absolut alcohol in 1:1 proportion and mixed in culture medium in 5% final concentration for periods of 5 minutes. The evaluation were achieved by cellular counting through dyed exclusion method-Trypan blue. The results showed that all solvents were toxic in vitro, and orange oil was less toxic and it allowed some cellular viability. And we could observe that a previous solvents preparation influenced in the viable cells percentage.

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37

Andreo, Igor Luis. "Aggiornamento católico e teologia da libertação no Brasil e no México : um estudo histórico-comparativo entre a revista de Cultura Vozes e a revista Christus (1966-1980) /". Assis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132748.

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Orientador: Carlos Alberto Gomes Barbosa
Banca: Áureo Busetto
Banca: José Luiz Bendicho Beired
Banca: Regina Aida Crespo
Banca: Fernando Torres-Londoño
Resumo: O objetivo desta Tese de Doutoramento consiste em apresentar um estudo histórico-comparativa entre a Revista de Cultura Vozes, do Brasil, e a revista mexicana Christus, cujas páginas constituíram um lócus para a disseminação em seus respectivos países de peculiaridades do ideário de significativa parcela dos representantes intelectuais da "renovação católica progressista" que ocorreu em território latino-americano a partir da década de 1960. Propomos focar nossas análises nas semelhanças, diferenças e transformações apresentadas nas páginas de ambas as revistas no que tange aos objetivos, características e limites pensados para o alcance das transformações sociais entendidas como necessárias; e também quanto ao tratamento e as transformações relacionadas às formas de se pensar e lidar com a diversidade étnico-cultural presente no subcontinente latino-americano. Consideramos que nossa proposta se justifica por contemplar dois países (Brasil e México) que, apesar da grande disparidade numérica e representativa no que se refere à adesão aos setores da Teologia da Libertação, foram alcançados de forma significativa pelas consequências políticas e sociais desse movimento intelectual sócio-teológico
Abstract: The objective of this PhD Thesis is to present a historical-comparative study of the Revista de Cultura Vozes, from Brazil, and the Mexican magazine Christus, whose pages have been a locus for the dissemination in their respective countries of the peculiarities of the ideals of a significant number of intellectuals representatives of "progressive Catholic renewal" that occurred in Latin American territory from the 1960s. We propose to focus our analysis on the similarities, differences and changes made in the pages of both magazines in relation to the objectives, characteristics and limitations designed to achieve the social changes perceived as necessary, and also for the treatment and the changes related to the ways of thinking and dealing with ethnic and cultural diversity present in the Latin American subcontinent. We believe that our proposal is justified to contemplate two countries (Brazil and Mexico) that despite the great disparity number is represented as regards adherence to the sectors of Liberation Theology, were achieved significantly by the political and social consequences of this intellectual socio-theological movement
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Mesclier, Évelyne. "Dynamics of the local territories: why and how to study and compare them within a globalized world". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119664.

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Globalization is not only a transformation of the economical world, but also of geographical space in its totality. The local territories participate in this transformation. To study and compare their evolution can help us to analyze the globalisation as well as its construction, its effects and in its limits, as the existence of social and political dynamics which are not globalized. This reflexion rests on case studies in Peru, made in collaboration with other French and Peruvian researchers.
La globalización no es solo una transformación del mundo económico sino también del espacio geográfico en su conjunto. Los territorios locales participan en esta transformación. Estudiar y comparar sus evoluciones nos puede ayudar a analizar tanto la globalización, en su construcción, en sus efectos y en sus límites, como la existencia de dinámicas sociales y políticas que no son globalizadas. La reflexión se fundamenta sobre casos estudiados en el Perú, en colaboración con otros investigadores franceses y peruanos.

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39

Wang, Yu Xi. "The concept of mixed legal system : a Chinese perspective". Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586420.

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Dubarry, Julien. "Le transfert conventionnel de propriété : essai sur le mécanisme translatif à la lumière des droits français et allemand". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010294.

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L'étude a pour objet de montrer les différentes manières dont le mécanisme translatif peut être envisagé. En droit allemand, les aspects ressortissant du droit des biens sont ainsi extraits du contrat créateur d'obligations pour s'ordonner autour de l'exécution de celui-ci, laquelle prend la forme d'une convention translative. Le potentiel de la convention translative allemande peut inviter à penser une nouvelle modélisation du transfert en droit français, qui aurait le mérite de rationaliser une problématique hantée par le « mythe» de l'obligation de donner. Lorsqu'aux deux phases de conclusion et d'exécution du contrat correspondent deux actes juridiques distincts, la question se pose de leurs rapports. C'est sur ce point que l'originalité du droit allemand est connue: en vertu du principe d'abstraction, la validité de l'acte translatif est indépendante de celle du contrat. La portée de ce principe n'est cependant pas toujours appréciée à sa juste mesure. Elle doit en effet être relativisée dans le rapport entre les parties, où la logique causale du transfert, plus intuitive, semble s'imposer d'elle-même. Dans les rapports avec les tiers, le principe d'abstraction permet de légitimer des choix de politique juridique que n'a pas fait le droit français, fidèle à la logique du transfert causal. La confrontation des deux systèmes de transfert permettra ainsi de comprendre leurs tenants et aboutissants respectifs, afin que chacun puisse évaluer l'intérêt de l'un ou l'autre des modes de transfert. La coexistence effective de différents modèles de transfert n'est pas sans poser des problèmes dans le commerce international, ce qui implique de réfléchir à leur coordination
The study aims to show the ways in which the conveyance mechanism can be envisaged. Under German law, the national aspects of property law are thus extracted from the creator of contract obligations to be ordered around the execution thereof, which takes the form of a translational convention. The potential of the German conveyancing convention may invite suggests a new model of transfer French law, which would have the advantage of streamlining problematic haunted by the "myth" of the obligation to give. Where, two phases conclusion and execution of the contract correspond to two separate legal acts, the question arises of their reports. It is on this point that the original German law is known: under the principle of abstraction, the validity of the deed is independent of the contract. The scope of this principle, however, is not always appreciated at its true value. It must indeed be relativized in the relationship between the parties, where the causal logic of the transfer, more intuitive, seems to impose itself. In dealing with third parties, the principle of abstraction allows legitimize choice of legal policy that did not French law, faithful to the logic of causal transfer. The confrontation of the two transfer systems will thus understand their ins and outs respectively, so that everyone can evaluate the interest of one or the other transfer modes. The effective coexistence of different models of transfer is not without problems in international trade, which involves reflecting on their coordination

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41

Hovhannisyan, Hrant 1992. "Comparative transcriptomics of host-pathogen interactions and hybridization in Candida pathogens". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670316.

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Candida pathogenic yeasts represent a global healthcare problem. They comprise phylogenetically diverse species, including newly emerged pathogens. How human-Candida interactions vary across species, and what processes underlie the emergence of novel pathogens are poorly understood. Current thesis addresses these issues using comparative transcriptomics and bioinformatics. We established the global patterns of host-pathogen interactions between human host and the main Candida species, providing novel mechanistic insights into their interplay. We also explored lncRNAs of these pathogens, assessing their implications in infection. Further, we designed and validated a pan-Candida RNA enrichment approach, opening new possibilities for studying host-pathogen interactions in vivo. Then, we assessed the impact of hybridization on transcriptomes of hybrid yeasts, exploring the links between hybridization and virulence emergence. We also developed a new bioinformatics tool facilitating the research in the field. Altogether, results of this thesis expand our knowledge on relevant aspects of human-Candida interactions and yeast evolution.
Las levaduras patógenas Candida representan un problema de salud global. Este grupo de levaduras, comprenden especies filogenéticamente diversas, e incluye patógenos emergidos recientemente. La forma en que las interacciones entre humanos y Candida varían de una especie a otra y qué procesos subyacen a la aparición de nuevos patógenos son poco conocidos. La tesis actual aborda estos problemas utilizando una aproximación de transcriptómica comparativa y bioinformática. Establecimos los patrones globales de las interacciones huésped-patógeno entre el huésped humano y las principales especies de Candida, proporcionando nuevas ideas mecanicistas sobre su interacción. También exploramos los lncRNA de estos patógenos, evaluando sus implicaciones en la infección. Además, diseñamos y validamos un enfoque de enriquecimiento de ARN pan-Candida, abriendo nuevas posibilidades para estudiar las interacciones huésped-patógeno in vivo. Luego, evaluamos el impacto de la hibridación en los transcriptomas de levaduras híbridas, explorando los vínculos entre la hibridación y la aparición de virulencia. En su conjunto, los resultados de esta tesis amplían nuestro conocimiento sobre aspectos relevantes de las interacciones humano-Candida y la evolución de las levaduras.

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Sureda, Barbosa J. Carlos. "Estudio comparativo de bioprótesis valvulares aórticas con soporte y sin soporte en situaciones hemodinámicas de estrés". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400713.

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En los pacientes que vayan a ser sometidos reemplazo de la válvula aórtica, sigue existiendo controversia acerca de que bioprótesis ofrece rendimiento hemodinámico. El objetivo fue evaluar el perfil hemodinámicos de dos bioprótesis aórticas: la stentless Sorin Solo de pericardio pericárdico bovino y la estentada de pericardio bovino Edwards Magna en un protocolo de eco estrés co cicloergómetro. MÉTODOS: Analizamos 231 paciente de los cuales 203 fueron registrados de forma consecutiva para el analizar las variables sociodemográficas. 82 pacientes disponían de estudio ecocardiográfico completo de ellos dispusieron de estudio ecocardiográdico completo en reposo para la comparativa hemodinámica valvular en reposo. 28 pacientes fueron evaluados mediante ecocardiografía de estrés usando un cicloergómetro, realizando una ecocardiografía de reposos antes y otra después del ejercicio. RESULTADOS: En el grupo principal de 28 pacientes, el grado de obstrucción al flujo sanguíneo en situación basal antes del ejercicio fue ligeramente inferior en la válvula de stenless Sorin Solo antes del estrés físico, con diferencias significativas (p = 0.046) sólo en la velocidad máxima transvalvular. El gradiente máximo y medio no presentaron diferencias significativas (p = 0.072 y 0.058). Por otro lado, después de la prueba de estrés tanto gradientes como velocidad máxima transvalvular presentaron diferencias significativas, siendo claramente menores en la bioprótesis stentless (gradiente medio p=0.002) y por tanto, menos obstructiva. En cuanto al perfil hemodinámico en reposo en el grupo de 82 pacientes con estudio eco cardiográfico completo, el grado de obstrucción transvalvular fue significativamente menor en la bioprótesis stentless (gradiente pico p=0.001, gradiente medio p=0.0001 y velocidad pico 0.0001) CONCLUSIONES: Las bioprótesis stentless presenta un perfil hemodinámico mejor de todos los parámetros ecocardiográficos analizados, tanto en reposo como durante el ejercicio físico.
In patients who will undergo replacement of the aortic valve, there is still controversy about bioprosthesis offers the best hemodynamic performance. We aimed to evaluate the profile hemodynamic performance of two aortic valve bioprosthesis: the pericardial bovine stentless Sorin Solo and pericardial bovine stented Edwards Magna in a protocol of stress echocardiography. METHODS: We analyse 231 patients of whom 203 were recorded consecutively for analysing the socio-demographic variables. 82 patients had echocardiographic study at late postoperative to compare prosthesis hemodynamic at rest. 28 patients were assessed by stress echocardiography, performing an echocardiogram before and after exercise. RESULTS: In the group main of 28 patients, the degree of obstruction to the flow blood in situation before the exercise was slightly lower in the valve of stenless Sorin. Only peak velocity had significant differences (p = 0.046). Peak and mean gradient not presented significant differences (p = 0.072 and 0.058). On the other hand, after the stress test both gradients and peak velocity were different and lower in stentless group. (average gradient p = 0.002) and therefore less obstructive. Regarding the hemodynamic profile at rest in the group of 82 patients, hemodynamic performance was better in the stentless bioprosthesis (peak gradient p = 0.001, mean gradient p = 0.0001 and peak velocity= 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Stentless bioprostheses displayed superior haemodynamic performance to stented bioprostheses valve at the rest and in physical exercise.

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Sermsilatham, Pramote. "Le rôle du juge pénal : étude comparative en France et Thaïlande". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1048.

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En France comme en Thaïlande, le juge apparaît comme un intervenant incontournable du procès pénal. Alors que traditionnellement la procédure pénale française était qualifiée d’inquisitoire où le juge joue un rôle actif et la procédure pénale thaïlandaise était qualifiée d’accusatoire où le juge joue un rôle passif, aujourd’hui, la procédure pénale dans les deux systèmes emprunte aux deux conceptions qui est manifestement mixte. Cependant le système mixte dans les deux pays loin de présenter un visage uniforme, la procédure pénale dans les deux pays se différencie selon la dose d’inquisitoire ou d’accusatoire qui le caractérise. En effet, le rôle du juge en France reste différent de celui en Thaïlande, d’où l’intérêt et le défi de la comparaison. La première partie de la thèse a pour objet l’étude comparative du cadre général de l’organisation judiciaire. Cette étude concerne tout d’abord les organisations des juridictions pénales et la composition des juridictions. Nous étudierons ensuite les règles relatives aux modalités de recrutement, puis le statut du juge dans les deux systèmes. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’étude comparative du rôle du juge judiciaire dans la procédure pénale. La comparaison porte d’abord sur le rôle du juge dans la phase préparatoire ensuite le rôle du juge dans la phase décisoire. Tout au long de cette recherche, nous étudierons également les nombreuses réformes apportées aux structures judiciaires dans les deux pays. Cette étude comparée des systèmes français et thaïlandais relative au rôle du juge pénal aboutit à un échange d’expériences entre les deux différents systèmes juridiques
In France, similar to Thailand, the judge appears as a key role in a criminal trial. Traditionally, the French criminal procedure was described as an inquisitorial system where the judge plays an active role whereas the Thai criminal procedure was depicted as an adversarial system where the judge plays a passive role. Presently, the concepts of the criminal proceedings in these two systems have seemingly mingled. However, the somewhat mixed system is still far from presenting a uniformity in criminal proceedings between the two countries due to the difference between inquisitorial and adversarial system which characterizes it. Indeed, the role of the judge in France is distinct from that in Thailand, thus, induced to the interest and the challenge of the comparison.The first part of this thesis is to study the comparative framework of the judiciary. This study firstly relates to the organizations of criminal courts and composition of the courts. We then study the rules on recruitment procedures and the status of judges in the two systems. The second part is devoted to the comparative study on the role of the judge in the criminal proceedings. This comparison focuses on the judge's role in stages both before and after trial. Throughout this research, we will also study a number of law reforms regarding the judiciary structures of both countries.This comparative study of French and Thai systems on the role of criminal court judge leads to an exchange of experiences between the two different legal systems

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44

Trkulja, Sinisa. "Analyse comparative des politiques de développement territorial". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005377.

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La politique de développement territorial constitue une partie de la politique du développement. L'accent est mis sur la dimension territoriale. On utilise l'analyse comparative comme méthode applicative et de recherche. La spécificité de la dimension territoriale peut être perçue par quatre caractéristiques de l'espace : sa continuité, sa territorialité, son déterminisme et son contenu. L'analyse comparative peut être effectuée selon plusieurs critères. Dans cette thèse elle est présentée selon quatre critères : temps, niveaux territoriaux (local, régional, national, continental et mondial), spécificités culturelles et enfin politiques sectorielles de développement. Basées sur l'analyse de six études comparatives existantes, deux études de cas principales sont présentées, celle de la France et celle de la Serbie, avec leurs niveaux subnationaux et nationaux, ainsi qu'un aperçu de dix autres pays importants, selon trois critères principaux: la surface, la population et la densité de population. La justification d'une nouvelle discipline au sein de l'aménagement du territoire est développée dans la dernière partie ; cette discipline qui peut être appelée aménagement comparatif utilise l'analyse comparative comme méthode pour la recherche et la réalisation des politiques du développement territorial.

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45

Akalay, Mohamed. "Las maqāmāt y la picaresca al-Hamad̲ānī y al-Ḥarīrī, Lazarillo de Tormes y Guzmán de Alfarache /". Mohammedia, Maroc : Imprimerie de Fédala, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=4ZVZAAAAMAAJ.

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Fröhlich, Jane. "Biodiversity of microfungi associated with palms in the tropics /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19672597.

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Wang, Qian. "Comparative studies in justifying punishment". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B44139330.

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48

Chatzou, Maria 1985. "Large-scale comparative bioinformatics analyses". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/587086.

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One of the main and most recent challenges of modern biology is to keep-up with growing amount of biological data coming from next generation sequencing technologies. Keeping up with the growing volumes of experiments will be the only way to make sense of the data and extract actionable biological insights. Large-scale comparative bioinformatics analyses are an integral part of this procedure. When doing comparative bioinformatics, multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are by far the most widely used models as they provide a unique insight into the accurate measure of sequence similarities and are therefore instrumental to revealing genetic and/or functional relationships among evolutionarily related species. Unfortunately, the well-established limitation of MSA methods when dealing with very large datasets potentially compromises all downstream analysis. In this thesis I expose the current relevance of multiple sequence aligners, I show how their current scaling up is leading to serious numerical stability issues and how they impact phylogenetic tree reconstruction. For this purpose, I have developed two new methods, MEGA-Coffee, a large scale aligner and Shootstrap a novel bootstrapping measure incorporating MSA instability with branch support estimates when computing trees. The large amount of computation required by these two projects was carried using Nextflow, a new computational framework that I have developed to improve computational efficiency and reproducibility of large-scale analyses like the one carried out in the context of these studies.
Uno de los principales y más recientes retos de la biología moderna es poder hacer frente a la creciente cantidad de datos biológicos procedentes de las tecnologías de secuenciación de alto rendimiento. Mantenerse al día con los crecientes volúmenes de datos experimentales es el único modo de poder interpretar estos datos y extraer conclusiones biológicos relevantes. Los análisis bioinformáticos comparativos a gran escala son una parte integral de este procedimiento. Al hacer bioinformática comparativa, los alineamientos múltiple de secuencias (MSA) son con mucho los modelos más utilizados, ya que proporcionan una visión única de la medida exacta de similitudes de secuencia y son, por tanto, fundamentales para inferir las relaciones genéticas y / o funcionales entre las especies evolutivamente relacionadas. Desafortunadamente, la conocida limitación de los métodos MSA para analizar grandes bases de datos, puede potencialmente comprometer todos los análisis realizados a continuación. En esta tesis expongo la relevancia actual de los métodos de alineamientos multiples de secuencia, muestro cómo su uso en datos masivos está dando lugar a serios problemas de estabilidad numérica y su impacto en la reconstrucción del árbol filogenético. Para este propósito, he desarrollado dos nuevos métodos, MEGA-café, un alineador de gran escala y Shootstrap una nueva medida de bootstrapping que incorpora la inestabilidad del MSA con las estimaciones de apoyo de rama en el cálculo de árboles filogéneticos. La gran cantidad de cálculo requerido por estos dos proyectos se realizó utilizando Nextflow, un nuevo marco computacional que se ha desarrollado para mejorar la eficiencia computacional y la reproducibilidad del análisis a gran escala como la que se lleva a cabo en el contexto de estos estudios.

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Grajzl, Peter. "Essays in comparative institutional economics". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2597.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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50

Eriksen, Niklas. "Combinatorial methods in comparative genomics". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mathematics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3508.

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