Tesis sobre el tema "Communs numériques"
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Hayat, Flora. "Production des biens communs numériques et usages cartographiques". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7135.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the commercial cartographic use of the OpenStreetMap (OSM) free database. The use of a database produced by anonymous contributors, possibly not experts in geographical information (GI) and not bound by any quality commitment, raises questions. This new situation reveals major public interest issues such as the access to GIs. Each contributor strives to follow the same methods, developed collectively, to describe permanent objects in the public space while collecting information that is of interest in their practice. We point out that the database presents strong heterogeneity in data quality and density according to the types of territory. From this observation we explain that the production of maps, taking as source OSM, is possible when the entire technical and social system of the OSM community is taken into account in the creation process. Therefore we are therefore studying the ecosystem that supports this production and the dissemination’s methods of the database. Our analyses allow us to foresee either a future that respects the project or, on the contrary, its alienation. Our research was conducted as part of a corporate contract, so we were led to question the paradigm shift related to cartographic design and the realization of a contributory database, free (in its modeling and production) and distributed under an open license, while respecting the tacit agreement between the map reader and its producer that editorial selection is not dictated by an information deficit
Bachelet, Vincent. "La valorisation par le droit de la production des communs numériques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASH024.
Texto completoCommons are very old resource management instruments - found, for example, in France with the communes of the feudal period - which, after almost disappearing from the academic, have once again become a leading subject thanks to the work of Elinor Ostrom, before being reinvented in the light of the possibilities opened up by digital technology. Indeed, we are currently witnessing the organization and development of numerous digital commons projects, the Internet having become the preferred place for collaborative creation, without however excluding physical meetings and legal organizations around these projects from the process. Moreover, the multiplication of these digital community projects has led to a rapprochement with the free software community, due to their many common points.This rapprochement between digital commons and free software has highlighted the difficulty for free and open source digital projects to ensure their economic sustainability without altering their nature as commons. Indeed, from the outset, free software - like all free works - has been thought of as the collective property of the contributors, who collectively set the rules of governance, in particular through the use of a free license.In this respect, free software is thought of as a digital commons. However, this is not always the case. Thus, while shared governance and collective ownership of the resource constitute two of the three characteristics of commons, they are not part of the defining elements of free software. In fact, many FOSS commons are not subject to shared governance or collective ownership. Thus, these various developments call into question the viability over time of the current FOSS model. In fact, if these new legal instruments are open to criticism within the free and open source community, they can also be considered as reasons to question the legal tools capable of structuring an economic model that will ensure the viability of free software while guaranteeing its nature as a digital commons
Baytok, Hazal. "Participation in Citizen Science : Motivational and Contextual Factors". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASI001.
Texto completoCitizen science is the participation of people who are not scientists in research processes such as data collection and analysis. Citizen science provides various benefits like faster and easier data collection, investigation of environmental challenges from biodiversity to climate change, as well as contributing to astronomy research and leading to collaboration between the scientists and the public.Realising the potential benefits of citizen science depends on understanding the perspectives of participants. In this study, I examine different ways of participation in citizen science and how the motivations of participants, the design of the platforms, and other factors are associated with these. The thesis contributes to our understanding of the key ingredients in designing citizen science programs so as to increase the engagement of the public.In the first part, I carried out a literature survey by bibliometric analysis. This part focuses on challenges, success factors, and motivations in citizen science. The rest of the thesis is composed of one qualitative and another quantitative study by focusing on three citizen science platforms that are actively used in the field of ornithology in two countries, Turkey and France, which are Faune-France from France, Trakuş and eKuşbank (eBird Turkey) from Turkey.In the qualitative part, through semi-structured in-depth interviews, I examine the actors, different ways of participation, motivations, and negative externalities that may arise using the Multi-Sided Platforms (MSPs) and knowledge commons literature.The results of this part helped us identify four roles in the platforms: birdwatcher, bird photographer, scientist, and hunter, interacting with each other and creating externalities.I also found two types of participation: active and passive. Regarding motivations, the findings suggested similarities in the previous studies. However, as different from previous work, I highlighted the need to distinguish motivations for engagement in the platform on the one hand and motivations for the subject matter (birds in our case) on the other.In the second part, by conducting a large-scale survey targeted at the participants of the three platforms and an econometric analysis, I examined how motivations are associated with participation, as well as the negative externalities and values created by the platform. In this part, I draw upon the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Multi-Sided Platforms (MSPs), and negative externalities concept from the commons literature.The findings in the second part suggest that the two types of motivations identified in the first part (motivation for the subject and motivation for platform engagement) are positively associated with active and passive participation. Also, values offered by the platform and platforms' ways of addressing negative externalities have different impacts on active and passive participation based on the context, such as the participants' perceived importance of competitions positively affecting their active participation in France, whereas not having a significant impact in Turkey. Similarly, participants' perceived importance of the protection of sensitive data by the platform has a negative association with passive participation in France while being positively associated with it in Turkey. These results are important to understand the participants and to better design successful citizen science platforms
Shim, Eun Jin. "L'image numérique dans le film : comment le cinéma pense-t-il le numérique ?" Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100005.
Texto completoThe use of digital media in making recent movies questions the identity of cinema. Recent movies have already begun to reflect on the digital image that is embedded into it. By showing a spectator-character with a useless or abnormal eye, movies about the digital image suggest a representation of the concept of digital image. Those movies also explore a new type of relation with space since they don't only suggest a new concept of space but also allow the spectator to experience the new space and to evolve within these new dimensions, as a character would do in the virtual world. Movies about the digital image also deal with disruption in the temporal perception of the digital image that the spectator may be subjected to
Delaunay, Mathilde. "Comment faciliter l'identification de l'entomofaune ? : Construction, évaluation et amélioration de clés d'identification numériques". Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MNHN0009.
Texto completoDigital identification keys are effective tools for identifying plants and animals, and are also used in citizen science programs. Accessible online, the Xper3 platform makes it possible to create biodiversity databases and to generate interactive identification keys.We investigated various approaches in order to facilitate the identification of French entomofauna, especially some insect taxa living in endangered environments, or having ecological and heritage significance: ladybirds and three orders of aquatic insects (dragonflies and damselflies, mayflies, stoneflies and beetles), at the larval and adult stages. For all these groups, we created seven digital identification keys that are reliable, intuitive and accessible to everybody, available online at the following address: infosyslab.fr/?q=fr/node/113. Thanks to the Xperience system that can to record details of the identifications made by the Xper3 key users, we surveyed the use of our key for odonate larvae and the ‘’Insects’’ key of the citizen science program on pollination Spipoll. We were able to better understand how these digital keys are used and what problems are encountered by their users. Areas for improvement were proposed to make identification keys more effective and easier to use. Our work also showed that the precision of digital identification keys increases when ecological data are integrated alongside morpho-anatomical characters. This addition is particularly relevant for young aquatic insect larvae, for which the identification at the species level can be impossible with morpho-anatomical data alone
Naudin, Hermine. "La relation auteur-éditeur dans le contrat d'édition littéraire". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1040.
Texto completoThe liberalization of writing in our contemporary cultural society has made it so anyone can now aim for the title of author. The recognition of one’s work is now sought, not through the traditional means of publishing, with the assistance of a professional publisher, but through immaterial processes of self- online publishing. On one hand, thanks to these new means, the author is able to cut the intermediation of the publishing field and to avoid using a professional publishing company. On the other hand, the author, romantic and emblematic character upon whom author’s rights have been forged is fading away from the legal landscape. With the decay of the myth, the ownership conception of author’s rights is taken away by those of the user. The author is fading away. The new customs of our over connected society are dramatically changing law and its ability to adapt. Although, publishing contracts are still a part of the process and are the subject at the heart of this study. The French intellectual property code was able to grant this contract access to the dematerialized world by incorporating the paradigm shift. Main model of publishing contracts, its ambivalent nature is due to the merging of both civil and intellectual property law that can be applied to it. This study aims to capture the true nature of the publishing contract figure, through the relations established between authors and publishers, including their new balance, and also to grasp a full understanding of the mutations surrounding the authors’ rights and that redefine ownership in a now immaterial era through the new alternative means of self-publishing (free licenses and creative commons)
Peneranda, Adrien. "Commons et management public du patrimoine culturel à l'ère numérique : étude de cas de production et de diffusion des données culturelles sur des plateformes libres par les villes de Toulouse, Brest et Monmouth". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1102.
Texto completoThe objective of this research is to understand the logic of collective action which contributes to create value through usage for public intangibles goods like cultural intangible heritage and public data. These informational resources are shared today between public institutions and civil society through innovating and unexplored Public-Private partnerships with open source communities. This doctorate project aims to identify the design principles and governance processes of inter-organizational information systems which enhance cooperation between actors and add a usage value to the intangibles hold by the state
Hamidi, Said. "Méthodes numériques pour les équations différentielles non anticipatives". Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10492.
Texto completoMethia, Nathalie. "Le motif textile imprimé dans le champ du numérique : comment la mobilité propre à l'image numérique, peut-elle pénétrer l'image textile imprimée ?" Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/171655206#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completoThe development of the new technologies profoundly modified the activities of the branch of industry in particular that of the textile printing. It also upset the artistic practices which use the digital medium. Of a culture of "objects and stability ", we evolve in a " culture of stream and instabilities " today. This thesis wonders exactly about the implications of such a transformation in the sector of the printed textile and about its fashions of conception / production. Among investigated domains (hybrid motive; integration image / support; virtual reality of the concepts; mixed textile creation), the accent is concerned "the mobile textile image ". Through it, a paradox tries to be resolved: how to maintain the convertibility of a digital image, while depositing a stable and visible track on a textile support? The development of an alive textile printing, offers more than an approach new picture. It reveals the internal logic of the textile printing and engender methods of work and really unpublished concepts of elaboration. The technology of digital printing associated with the virtual reality is capable of answering these questions: which picture for the digital textile printing, how does the digital printing make echo on the textile? Science, technique and art are combined here around same object: digital textile picture. Let us let have conversation in their resemblance and their difference to allow new concepts to appear
Loulou, Mourad. "Etude de la technique des courants commutés : application à la conversion analogique-numérique sigma-delta". Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10608.
Texto completoMartin, Benoît. "Dynamique des transferts d’humidité au sein de l’épicéa commun (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) : mesures par imagerie X et simulations numériques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0044.
Texto completoNumerical tools are commonly used by construction companies to design and validate building systems to meet thermal and environmental requirements of buildings. In the case of solid wood, discrepancies remain between numerical simulations and experimental data regarding moisture transfer. However, their correct consideration is essential to guarantee the durability of wood structures and ensure their thermal performance. This work aims to better understand moisture transfer in solid wood in order to improve the predictive capacity of models. For this purpose, several experimental setups were developed to study the dynamics of moisture transfer in wood samples using X-ray imaging. Firstly, imbibition experiments were conducted to study capillary migration in spruce samples to reproduce exposure of wooden construction components to liquid water during the construction phase. The results – from 3D µCT images – allowed to follow the liquid pathways in the pore network of wood and thus to better understand the effect of anatomy on the water migration. Secondly, the dynamics of moisture transfer under non‑isothermal conditions was studied by applying a sequence of thermal solicitations to the ends of a cylindrical sample similar to the conditions encountered in an external wall. The spatio‑temporal evolution of the moisture content within the sample – initially with a homogeneous moisture content – showed the effect of temperature on the moisture redistribution. Finally, these experimental data were compared with values from numerical simulations in different configurations, illustrating the predictive capacities and limitations of models using a macroscopic formulation to simulate coupled heat-mass transfers in a porous medium
Peneranda, Adrien. "Commons et management public du patrimoine culturel à l'ère numérique : étude de cas de production et de diffusion des données culturelles sur des plateformes libres par les villes de Toulouse, Brest et Monmouth". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1102.
Texto completoThe objective of this research is to understand the logic of collective action which contributes to create value through usage for public intangibles goods like cultural intangible heritage and public data. These informational resources are shared today between public institutions and civil society through innovating and unexplored Public-Private partnerships with open source communities. This doctorate project aims to identify the design principles and governance processes of inter-organizational information systems which enhance cooperation between actors and add a usage value to the intangibles hold by the state
Desjardins, Marie-Laure. "De l'art mobile au Mobile Art : ou comment la technologie mobile influence la nature des oeuvres". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H308.
Texto completoThe outburst of exchanges via Internet and the multiplication of connected devices -number one being the Smartphone which arrived in 2007 -characterize the beginning of the XXIst century. Ali these devices enable us to receive or send different forms of information (voice messages, images, videos, texts, and so on). These new ways of communicating and their new uses have been greatly developed and diversified ever since. There are now billions of Smartphone users around the world. This massive use of the Smartphone utterly transformed everyone's habits, whatever the generation, the gender, the socio-professional category, the cultural background, the geographical area ... After flooding the plane! and then ente1ing the artistic sphere, this device has been adopted by artists and is now playing a very special part in their creative process: first mere food for thought, the Smartphone characterised by a complex technology and a lot of functions has become a tool as well as a space for experimenting and exhibiting, a means to transmit and to spread any idea, information or creative work ... It is connected, tactile and responsible for a new kind of proximity and relationship between artists and their public. The artistic practices and artworks in which the Smartphone is used, though highly diverse, nevertheless belong to a consistent corpus, the underlying motivations of which being different from what generally characterises an artwork. The power of Mobile Art lays in its ability to adapt and to transform itself. Imagination is able to continuously extend beyond technology to bring itself within everyone's reach. It is a democratic, desacralized and popular art
Marin, Răzvan-Cristian. "Transmetteurs radiofréquences numériques fortement parallélisés avec amplificateur de puissance commuté et filtre de bande embarqués en technologie 28nm FD-SOI CMOS". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10100/document.
Texto completoThe present PhD work covers the study, design and demonstration of all-digital transmitters targeting advanced communication standards for mobile applications in the frame of the Internet of Things (IoT). Key innovations are time-interleaved Delta-Sigma modulators (DSM) and a power and area-efficient switched-capacitor (SC) finite impulse response power amplifier (FIR-PA). The common FIR-PA block uses exclusively inverters and capacitors in a switched-capacitor configuration, thus being fully compatible with advanced CMOS technology nodes. The prototype is integrated in 28nm FD‐SOI CMOS technology with 10 metal layers and body biasing fine-tuning features. The proposed digital RF transmitter achieves 13.5 in‐band effective number of bits and is 900 MHz LTE‐compliant. The overall power consumption is 35 mW at 2.9 dBm peak output power and 1V supply. With respect to relevant state-of-the art, at similar output power levels, the FIR‐PA consumes 7 times less than a 10‐bit DSM‐based DAC and 25% less than a 12‐bit resistive DAC. The total active area is 0.047 mm2, at least 4 times lower than the smallest previously published work. Consequently, this work stands out for low power consumption thanks to the single-bit core solution combined with band filtering and low area achieved with a multi-layer FIR-PA cell structure. It demonstrates the transition from traditional analog to highly integrated digital-intensive transmitters targeting the future of mobile applications
Boujelben, Sonia. "Etude et réalisation d'un convertisseur A/N d'architecture Sigma Delta à courants commutés". Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12479.
Texto completoPouliquen-Lardy, Lauriane. "Collaboration à distance : étude de la compréhension mutuelle dans les environnements virtuels collaboratifs immersifs : le cas de la communication spatiale". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20018/document.
Texto completoRemote collaborative situations in industry involve new constraints for workers. In the context of using immersive virtual environments to collaborate, we set up a series of experiments focusing on the mutual comprehension, and more specifically on the process of sharing spatial information. Results of the first experiment showed the influence of one collaborator’s role on spatial statements. Guides and manipulators both used statements preferentially centered on manipulator’s action, which supports the least collaborative effort principle. Results of two experiments about spatial statements production allowed to point out that mental workload is modulated by the target position relative to the addressee. According to the target location, the speaker must operate or not cognitively costly mental transformations to take the addressee perspective. However this workload could be lowered by means of visual cues. The last experiment focused on the understanding of spatial statements. It showed that statements centered on the addressee are the easiest to understand when the task is also centered on the addressee. Some exocentered statements could also induce a lower mental workload but only in some conditions. Results are discussed in relation to the least collaborative effort principle and the spatial frames of reference theory. This work opens new leads to facilitate remote collaboration through virtual environments
Ezzroura, Elhassan. "Sur la résolution numérique du problème de Stefan". Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2020.
Texto completoMaceli, Magali. "La "société de l'information" : du mirage collectif au projet partagé ? : éléments pour une culture informationnelle commune". Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/143309323#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completoThis thesis describes the political and media situation concerning the Information Society, information and communication technologies, their perceptions and representations. Therefore the questions are: first of all the treatment of technological current events between 1961 and 2000 on the television breaking news, then the political approach developed in this domain and its implementation in the French administration. We will then question the transition from the integration of those discourses to their social representations. After dealing with the speeches, representations and ability about information, we are studying all in general knowledge and behaviour. Indeed, we can notice that the omnipresence of information, the multiple ways of communication, and the use of computer and multimedia tools obviously require technical skills, but it depends also on a general relationship to information, practices and customs, and most importantly, it needs criticism. Six years of observation of various people informing themselves or informing the others, as well as a theoretical research on the needs (to inform / to be informed) and practices regarding information, have reinforced the idea that information and communication come from processes, mechanisms and stakes which are complex and often technical. As a result, specialists must be conversant and control all this. The specific technicality and approach that can be provided, developed and shared represent a real added value and contribute to the conception of a common culture in information practices from which everyone can benefit
Camus, Alexandre. "Faire valoir un patrimoine. Comment une école polytechnique investit la numérisation de la collection audiovisuelle d'un festival musical". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM064.
Texto completoThe Cultural heritage is now considered as a source of added value and, consequently, has become the subject of numerous digitization projects. These projects originate both from public research institutions and from private companies and they explicitly aim at the development of knowledge products for specific markets. However, despite guidelines found here and there, we still know almost nothing of the concrete ways in which what is presented as a new paradigm will be deployed. Does the enactment of techno-patrimonial valuation generate transformations in the definition of what counts as heritage? In the framework of Science and Technology Studies, my analysis is based on ethnographical work in the Montreux Jazz Digital Project led by the Lausanne Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL). This project is truly a laboratory for the enactment of the paradigm of techno-patrimonial valuation; its first aim is to impulse the development of knowledge products through the reformulation of the collection of audio-visual recordings produced in the framework of the Montreux Jazz Festival into a collection of 46 000 musical pieces which are deployed on screens from which their future is oriented. My analysis shows that this digitization process continues the long history of technologies of writing and accumulation. It renews more than it inaugurates the relationship between technology and heritage. The visibility of heritage and its possible transfer to technological realizations become the horizon of collective action. The modalities by which visibility is transferred, among which demonstration is central, act upon all the stages of the digitization process, even before the operations of numerical conservation. Finally, this study shows that patrimonial value may become wholly referred to its potential for innovation and visibility transfer; this development entails changes in our relationship to the past, which is reinterpreted in the light of a continuous technological present in which notions of conservation, transmission and memory are difficult to accommodate
Naoues, Malek. "Management d'opérateurs communs dans les architectures de terminaux multistandards". Phd thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931390.
Texto completoAlliot, Sandie. "Essai de qualification de la notion de données à caractère personnel". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCB001.
Texto completoPersonal data has undergone a major change which justifies a new study of this notion. This particular data is at the heart of the digital economy and thus stirs numerous claims. What is at stake here is to try to work out a balance between different claims such as managing operators' will of appropriation and protecting people concerned by the data, for example. This is why it is essential to find a precise definition and adequate qualifications of personal data to find a balance between the various interests. The thesis will focus on the necessity to adopt a new vision of personal data, to show its current characteristics so as to manage it efficiently
Guessab, Allal. "Sur les formules de quadrature numérique à nombre minimal de noeuds dans un domaine de IR(n)". Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU3011.
Texto completoRoquet, Nicolas. "Résolution numérique d'écoulements à effets de seuil par éléments finis mixtes et adaptation de maillage". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10090.
Texto completoKsentini, Nesrine. "Contribution au développement d'un outil de synthèse analogique : application aux systèmes à courants commutés". Paris, ENST, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENST0033.
Texto completoThroughout this thesis, we have been working on developing new methodologies to integrate a Top-Down hierarchical method of design in a VHDL-AMS synthesis environment. This proposed method is applied when designing systems using Switched-Current technique. This method solves excessive simulation runtime problems and facilitates characterization and optimization of SI systems. We have developed a VHDL-AMS multi-abstraction model library of Switched-Current memory cells in the environment of SIMPLORER. The developed models are generic and automatically adjustable depending on used technology. They were created by applying the Bottom-Up design flow based on the level of transistor description. From this library, we could design, simulate and characterize ADC developed based on SI [Sigma, Delta] modulators. We ended up using genetic Algorithms after several searches on the appropriate integration method to use in our design flow. The developed VHDL-AMS library, the embedded optimization algorithm and the characterization tools led us to design Analogue-Synthesis Tool. This tool enables us to translate specifications of SI based ADC into an optimized VHDL-AMS description. The obtained synthesis tool will help us finally design virtual prototypes allowing a complete characterization of SI based systems, without going through manufacturing stages
Coulibaly, Ibrahim. "Contributions à l'analyse numérique des méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004933.
Texto completoFrappé, Antoine. "Génération numérique de signaux RF pour les terminaux de communication mobile par modulation delta-sigma". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00280968.
Texto completoLe standard UMTS a été choisi comme exemple d'application et un générateur de signaux RF 1 bit à 7,8Géch/s a été réalisé dans une technologie 90nm CMOS. Une arithmétique redondante comprenant des signaux complémentaires, une quantification de sortie non exacte et une évaluation anticipée de la sortie ont été implémentées pour parvenir à la cadence désirée. Une logique dynamique différentielle sur 3 phases d'horloge, générées par une DLL, a été utilisée au niveau circuit.
Le circuit intégré du transmetteur prototype démontre une fonctionnalité complète jusqu'à une fréquence d'horloge de 4GHz, permettant ainsi d'atteindre une bande passante de 50MHz autour d'une fréquence porteuse de 1GHz. Si la bande image est utilisée, la fréquence d'émission peut être déplacée jusqu'à 3GHz. Avec une fréquence d'horloge de 2,6GHz et un canal WCDMA de 5MHz modulé autour d'une fréquence porteuse à 650MHz, 53,6dB d'ACLR sont obtenus pour une puissance de canal en sortie de -3,9dBm. Pour la bande image (1,95GHz), l'ACPR est de 44,3dB pour une puissance maximale du canal en sortie de -15,8dBm, ce qui rentre dans les spécifications UMTS. L'aire active du circuit est de 0,15mm² et sa consommation de 69mW sous 1V à cette fréquence.
Ricard, Bruno. "Comment éviter de polluer et d'inonder à tort ? : Apports de l’expérimentation numérique et intégration dans un processus d'apprentissage sur un site réel". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0103.
Texto completoMoreoften during rainfall events, urban sewer systems managers cannot control the tlow in the networks neither detect floods or overflows risks. Nonetheless managers know through their own experience and research works that some floods or overflows could be avoided. What is the way to do it, what would be the costs and the consequent risks ? This study tries to bring some answers by looking for decision aided tools that would allow to operate the sewer system more efficiently. It shows that a learning process is needed, and proposes to achieve the main part of it through "numerical experiment": required knowledge and tools are identified and organised to set up a simulator. Therefore it becomes possible to run several control strategies for each simulated rain, either starie or dynamic, either real or imagined, and to evaluate and compare them. Then we can try to rise rules to set up such strategies even with uncertainties about coming rain, and assess consequent risks. A combined sewer network was chosen in the North of Lyon as a pilot catchment. Measurements were carried out on site for five months that led to models calibration. A the end of the study we get results about performance, rules and risks of control strategies on existing regulators such as pumps and weirs, but also on imagined quipments such as storage tanks. General issues also rise from this local experiment about interactions between networks and treatment plants, and about control strategies. We study the transferability of the results and whether such learning a process can be carried out on other sites. Future tasks are proposed both for sewer systems management improvement and for carrying on urban sewer systems engineering research. Some of research projects could keep on being linked to a real learning sewer site
Le, Caroff Coralie. "Les usages sociopolitiques de l'actualité en ligne. S'informer, partager et commenter sur Facebook". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020080/document.
Texto completoThe thesis focuses on the socio-political uses of online news for laymen, specifically on Facebook. Originally designed for the private exchange, this social network has also become a place to access, share and comment the news. These practices are analysed through three inputs: the specifics of the technical device, the relation to politics by participants, and, finally, the role of gender in speaking out on Facebook.This work is based on a comparative analysis of participation around political events on selected Facebook media pages and on personal profiles of the social network. The methodology is based on an online ethnographic observation and on qualitative interviews.The main results show that political events lead to reactions based more on emotion than on rationality and on opinion camps clashes. These debates mainly take place on the media public pages while the timelines are rather dissemination areas, by sharing news. Women manifest as much as men their interest for public issues and Facebook is a common area to express indignation. Despite asserted opinions, women get involved in more moderate forms of interaction unlike men who are more invested in conflictual exchanges. In a sense, if Facebook contributes to an extension of the public space, participation remains limited and does not akin to discussions that are likely to revive democracy
Falgas, Julien. "Raconter à l'ère numérique : auteurs et lecteurs héritiers de la bande dessinée face aux nouveaux dispositifs de publication". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0112/document.
Texto completoWhat are the frames to which authors inspired by the comics legacy refer inthe digital environment, characterized by the convergence of media and discursive forms ? How do they refer to such frames in order to make sense and to tell digital stories from which readers are able to share the standards of translation, find routines for their interpretation, and feel entertained by the selection and the arrangement of events ? After setting the context in which emerged the first accounts identified as « original digital comics », the study focuses on the indexical analysis of interviews with authors and readers of two such stories. The analysis reveals the originality of the frames arrangements made by the authors and recognized by their readers. This study shows the importance of sensemaking activities for the invention and adoption of new narrative forms. The critical review of this work raises several methodological issues, particularly regarding the place of the scientist as an actor engaged in the sensemaking activity, but also about the the importance given to words in this kind of researches, and finally about the appropriate interview methods in order to find and explain indexical marks leading to the actors' frames
Huguet, François. "(Re)coudre avec du sans fil. Enquête sur des pratiques de médiation infrastructurelle". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0040/document.
Texto completoThis dissertation is concerned with a longitudinal study of a computer network technology referred to as the Commotion wireless MESH software, and the assemblages of actants that come into contact with it (such as people, objects, organizations, discourses, etc.). I argue that this apparatus produces different versions of itself that uniquely relates the concepts of agency, infrastructure and the Commons because it explicitly claims to be both technical and political within different socio-historical folds. By assuming such an overt political stance, it invites us to think through the notion of mediation in a new light (infrastructural mediation). My research methods reflect different interpretations of this software by seeking to understand whether this wireless mesh network technology represents a compromise solution to redefining the forces that constitute telecommunications infrastructure and its hold on the social bond. To do so, my dissertation expands on a particular ethnographic path which, “by the middle”, attempts to understand the ways in which the existence of a socio-technical system is established. I argue that the establishment of a socio-technical apparatus does not amount to pulling it out of thin air, but rather to make it become what it is. The findings reflect the successive trials and errors that go into this process of developing a sociotechnical and mediatic form that has yet to be recognized, while also shoring up the constitutive elements of a mediation process between the Commons and telecommunications infrastructure
Falgas, Julien. "Raconter à l'ère numérique : auteurs et lecteurs héritiers de la bande dessinée face aux nouveaux dispositifs de publication". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0112.
Texto completoWhat are the frames to which authors inspired by the comics legacy refer inthe digital environment, characterized by the convergence of media and discursive forms ? How do they refer to such frames in order to make sense and to tell digital stories from which readers are able to share the standards of translation, find routines for their interpretation, and feel entertained by the selection and the arrangement of events ? After setting the context in which emerged the first accounts identified as « original digital comics », the study focuses on the indexical analysis of interviews with authors and readers of two such stories. The analysis reveals the originality of the frames arrangements made by the authors and recognized by their readers. This study shows the importance of sensemaking activities for the invention and adoption of new narrative forms. The critical review of this work raises several methodological issues, particularly regarding the place of the scientist as an actor engaged in the sensemaking activity, but also about the the importance given to words in this kind of researches, and finally about the appropriate interview methods in order to find and explain indexical marks leading to the actors' frames
Toqué, Florian. "Prévision et visualisation de l'affluence dans les transports en commun à l'aide de méthodes d'apprentissage automatique". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2029.
Texto completoAs part of the fight against global warming, several countries around the world, including Canada and some European countries, including France, have established measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the major areas addressed by the states concerns the transport sector and more particularly the development of public transport to reduce the use of private cars. To this end, the local authorities concerned aim to establish more accessible, clean and sustainable urban transport systems. In this context, this thesis, co-directed by the University of Paris-Est, the french institute of science and technology for transport, development and network (IFSTTAR) and Polytechnique Montréal in Canada, focuses on the analysis of urban mobility through research conducted on the forecasting and visualization of public transport ridership using machine learning methods. The main motivations concern the improvement of transport services offered to passengers such as: better planning of transport supply, improvement of passenger information (e.g., proposed itinerary in the case of an event/incident, information about the crowd in the train at a chosen time, etc.). In order to improve transport operators' knowledge of user travel in urban areas, we are taking advantage of the development of data science (e.g., data collection, development of machine learning methods). This thesis thus focuses on three main parts: (i) long-term forecasting of passenger demand using event databases, (ii) short-term forecasting of passenger demand and (iii) visualization of passenger demand on public transport. The research is mainly based on the use of ticketing data provided by transport operators and was carried out on three real case study, the metro and bus network of the city of Rennes, the rail and tramway network of "La Défense" business district in Paris, France, and the metro network of Montreal, Quebec in Canada
Huguet, François. "(Re)coudre avec du sans fil. Enquête sur des pratiques de médiation infrastructurelle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0040.
Texto completoThis dissertation is concerned with a longitudinal study of a computer network technology referred to as the Commotion wireless MESH software, and the assemblages of actants that come into contact with it (such as people, objects, organizations, discourses, etc.). I argue that this apparatus produces different versions of itself that uniquely relates the concepts of agency, infrastructure and the Commons because it explicitly claims to be both technical and political within different socio-historical folds. By assuming such an overt political stance, it invites us to think through the notion of mediation in a new light (infrastructural mediation). My research methods reflect different interpretations of this software by seeking to understand whether this wireless mesh network technology represents a compromise solution to redefining the forces that constitute telecommunications infrastructure and its hold on the social bond. To do so, my dissertation expands on a particular ethnographic path which, “by the middle”, attempts to understand the ways in which the existence of a socio-technical system is established. I argue that the establishment of a socio-technical apparatus does not amount to pulling it out of thin air, but rather to make it become what it is. The findings reflect the successive trials and errors that go into this process of developing a sociotechnical and mediatic form that has yet to be recognized, while also shoring up the constitutive elements of a mediation process between the Commons and telecommunications infrastructure
Pinte, Jean-Paul. "La veille informationnelle en éducation pour répondre au défi de la société de la connaissance au XXIème siècle : application à la conception d'une plateforme de veille et de partage de connaissance en éducation : Commun@utice". Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143990.
Texto completoBen, Abdelghani Afef. "Minimisation des courants de mode commun dans les variateurs de vitesse asynchrones alimentés par onduleurs de tension multicellulaires". Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT021H.
Texto completoJoly, Patrick. "Analyse numérique et mathématique de problèmes liés à la propagation d'ondes acoustiques élastiques et électromagnetiques". Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090007.
Texto completoPolchynski, Elina. "Dispositifs numériques d'évaluation des compétences en langues vivantes étrangères : concevoir, tester des procédures de positionnement (semi)-automatisées". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30021/document.
Texto completoIn education today, a great number of language tests are available. These tests can be divided into different categories according to their features and function: placement tests, acquisition and progress tests, certification tests and aptitude tests. The POSILANG placement test offers many advantages. The test is conceived in accordance with the Common European framework of reference for languages (CEFR). It therefore complies with the majority of the parameters laid down in this official document and adheres to an action-oriented approach. POSILANG also benefits from being free of charge, readily available, reliable, interactive and authentic. The latter is achieved by using language taken from real life situations for the conception of items. The test has been designed for local use on the campus of Bordeaux University and takes into account the specificities of this environment. Its aim is to assess the competence level of secondary school leavers as they enter the higher education system. POSILANG is able not only to assess the overall language level of participants, but also the level in three separate areas of competence. It has a diagnostic function centered on pinpointing the weaknesses of students. The placement of students according to the different areas of competence enables teachers to form student groups with similar language levels, so as to address the specific instructional needs identified by the test
Roberge, Mikaël. "De Minecraft à « mindcraft » : comment effectuer le pont entre concepts quotidiens et concepts scientifiques dans des situations d’apprentissage utilisant un jeu vidéo". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8557.
Texto completoBechtet, Noémie. "Qui évalue les technologies numériques appliquées à l'agriculture et comment ? : Une analyse du rôle des intermédiaires dans la production de connaissances sur des outils de l’agriculture de précision". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP150.
Texto completoPublic policies support the development of digital technologies in the agricultural sector, including precision farming tools. Thanks to the precision of sensors and digital models, these tools are supposed to help farmers reduce their environmental impact by optimizing their practices, e.g. in terms of water use, fertilizer use, etc. However, these technologies are the subject of controversy, as presented in chapter 1 of this thesis. On the one hand, the reality of the economic and environmental gains of precision farming tools remains uncertain. On the other hand, critical literature suggests that these technologies would lock agriculture into an unsustainable industrial model. Knowledge about the effectiveness of digital technologies is at the core of these debates. The aim of this thesis is to understand how and by whom such knowledge is produced. This is all the more important given that digitalization is transforming intermediary organizations in the agricultural sector, which have traditionally been responsible for evaluating innovations and producing knowledge about their effectiveness. From a theoretical perspective, further detailed in Chapter 2, this thesis is rooted in the field of evolutionary economics. It proposes an original conceptual framework to represent the evaluation practices of farmers, which is based on the literature on technology adoption, and of the intermediary organizations with which they interact, derived from the literature on knowledge intensive business services. From an empirical perspective, outlined in Chapter 3, this thesis explores the case of digital decision support tools (DDSTs) for nitrogen fertilization in France. It is informed by 110 interviews with farmers, precision agriculture experts and a variety of organizations that design and distribute DDSTs.Qualitative analyses of farmer interviews highlights the role of intermediaries, farm advisors in particular, in evaluation activities during the adoption of DDSTs, as examined in Chapter 4. In some cases, farmers' trust in their advisors seems to take precedence over evaluation during adoption. These surveys also reveal farmers' adaptation strategies to make DDSTs work on their farms. The subsequent chapters are based on interviews with organizations that design and disseminate DDSTs. In Chapter 5, a qualitative analysis of these interviews sheds light on how DDSTs are designed and distributed, and the complex interweaving of activities that make them work. Chapter 6 presents a combined quantitative and qualitative analysis of the activities involved in evaluating DDSTs, such as choosing the type of experimentation, which criteria were used, resources that were mobilized, etc. The analysis reveals three evaluation profiles among intermediary organizations. These profiles seem to have less to do with the nature of the intermediaries than with the place of technological development in their service activities. Beyond their diversity in terms of evaluation activities, these profiles are characterized by limited investment and low mobilization of environmental criteria. Finally, this thesis contributes to a “reality check” (Kivimaa et al. 2019) of the complexity of the intermediary landscape, taking into account the effects of digitalization. It invites us to qualify the reality of the precision of digital tools as well as their disruptive nature. This work highlights a risk of technological lock-in linked to the shift of evaluation towards demonstration activities that integrate few environmental issues. These results call for the development of a political economy of intermediation activities. They also underline the need for public intervention in these activities, in order to limit the risks of lock-in
Savignat, Jean-Michel. "Approximation diffuse Hermite et ses applications". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00577930.
Texto completoZeghari, Radia. "Comment peut-on impliquer les nTIC dans l’évaluation objective de l’apathie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6039.
Texto completoApathy is one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurocognitive disorders and can be characterized as a significant reduction of goal directed behaviors in three dimensions: Emotions, Cognitions/Behaviors and Social Interactions. Apathy is assessed during clinical interviews with clinical scales which induces biases in the assessment. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can provide new objective measures and new assessment methods such as digital phenotyping, which consists of extracting a digital signature from an individual’s digital and physiological measures (voice features, heart rate, electrodermal activity, etc.). These measures can be collected from sensors connected to an application on smartphones, for instance, that can also comprise cognitive tests and questionnaires. As part of this thesis work, we identified existing methods of assessment of apathy and explored new methods using ICT. The first section will define this disorder from a theoretical point of view. A first chapter will give a description of the clinical issues, the neural correlates and the processes involved, as well as the main current computational models of apathy. A second chapter will present technological advances in the assessment of apathy and digital biomarkers of apathy. Finally, the MoTap project will be described, which is the central project carried out with the aim of developing a multidimensional and multimodal assessment tool for apathy. In the second section, three studies will be presented followed by a general discussion. The first study explores the use of a serious game to assess loss of interest in apathy. Results showed that subjects suffering from apathy had significantly less interest in activities than non-apathetic subjects. In a second study, we explored how voice features can correlate to apathy symptoms and differentiate between apathetic and non-apathetic subjects. We asked subjects to recall emotional events (positive and negative) of their life and recorded them. We then extracted acoustic features using automatic speech analysis. Results showed that the more severe the apathy symptoms were, the less talkative were the subjects and the more monotonous was their voice. In the final study presented, we measured facial expressivity from the same sample as the previous study. We extracted automatically facial features, also called action units (AU). Results showed that overall, the more severe the affect symptoms were, the less intense was the facial expressivity. In the single AU comparison, results were different depending on gender and the task’s emotional valence (positive or negative). Several emotional and non-emotional AUs were linked to apathy in the upper region of the face (e.g. inner and outer brows movements) and lower region (e.g. lips part). These studies all aimed to explore new measures for apathy and need more validation with larger samples. Future studies should involve multiple types of assessment such as self-questionnaires and physiological measures, to ensure that the results are specific to apathy and no other confounding factors (cognitive decline, depression, stress etc.)
Desgreys, Patricia. "Etude du phénomène d'injection de charges dans les cellules à courants commutés pour la réalisation d'un circuit de compensation optimisé : application à la conception d'un convertisseur numérique analogique algorithmique". Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10621.
Texto completoAndouze-Bernard, Séverine. "Lois de conservation scalaires a coefficients discontinus". Antilles-Guyane, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AGUY0048.
Texto completoEinaudi, De Siano Marie-Ange. "Comment les médecins perçoivent-ils la qualité de vie ? : Questionnement éthique en néonatologie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5101.
Texto completoExtremely preterm children oucome is marked by the development of severe complications than can affect the quality of life of the children and their families. The coverage of these children brings decisional dilemma to physicians. While international data on preterm children quality of life are available, French preterm children quality of life remains unexplored. Quality of life is nevertheless a part of the ethical reflection of the professionals of perinatal period.Quality of life is a recent concept proposed as a criterion for evaluating care strategies but its use remains limited. Few published works have investigated the reasons for this limited use. In the field of prematurity, no data exploring these obstacles have been reported.Because of the lack of data on French preterm children quality of life and on the perception of physicians who manage preterm children, we decide to explore physicians’ perspective on the health related quality of life of extremely preterm children and the place of quality of life in ethical reflection in perinatal medicine.Our study consists in three parts: 1. A study describing health related quality of life of a cohort of French preterm children aged 6-10 years. 2. The study of physicians’ perception on health related quality of life assessment in preterm children. 3. The ethical approach of quality of life from the physicians’ perception
Mavrogenis, Alexandre. "Le couplage des systèmes de CAO et de calcul : comment, en exploitant le modèle CAO d'un objet ou d'une structure, nous obtenons automatiquement une simplification de la géométrie et le modèle éléments finis". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30250.
Texto completoDulong, de Rosnay Melanie. "La mise à disposition des œuvres et des informations sur les réseaux : régulation juridique et régulation technique". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Assas - Paris II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666307.
Texto completoYebari, Naji. "Sur un problème de diffusion-réaction avec frontière libre : un modèle de dissolution-croissance". Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STET4005.
Texto completoChahine, Chakib. "Stabilité et bifurcation des solutions périodiques d'unsystème hamiltonien en dimension deux". Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PAUU3013.
Texto completoMorrongiello, Caroline. "De l'empowerment à l'engagement du client sur les plateformes en ligne : ou comment favoriser l'activité des clients sur Internet". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071185.
Texto completoPascal, Frédéric. "Références et inférences depuis le document enregistré ; de quoi l'enregistrement sonore peut-il nous rendre témoin ?" Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625545.
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