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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Community ecology and stability"

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Publicado: 18 de mayo de 2024

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1

Dormann, C. F. "On community matrix theory in experimental plant ecology". Web Ecology 8, n.º 1 (18 de noviembre de 2008): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-8-108-2008.

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Abstract. In multi-species communities the stability of a system is difficult to assess from field observations. This is the case for example for competitive interactions in plant communities. If a mathematical model can be formulated that underlies the processes in the community, a community matrix can be constructed whose elements represent the effects of each species onto every other (and itself) at equilibrium. The most common competition model is the Lotka-Volterra equation set. It contains interspecific competition coefficients to represent the interactions between species. In plant community ecology several attempts have been made to quantify competitive interactions and to assemble a community matrix, so far with limited success. In this paper we discuss a method to use pairwise interaction coefficients from experimental plant communities to analyse feasibility and stability of multi-species sets. The approach is contrasted with that of Wilson and Roxburgh (1992) and is illustrated using data from Roxburgh and Wilson (2000a). Results from Wilson and from this study differ (some times substantially), with our approach being more pessimistic about stability and coexistence in plant communities.

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2

Doak, Bigger, Harding, Marvier, O'Malley y Thomson. "The Statistical Inevitability of Stability-Diversity Relationships in Community Ecology". American Naturalist 151, n.º 3 (1998): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2463348.

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3

Doak, D. F., D. Bigger, E. K. Harding, M. A. Marvier, R. E. O'Malley y D. Thomson. "The Statistical Inevitability of Stability‐Diversity Relationships in Community Ecology". American Naturalist 151, n.º 3 (marzo de 1998): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/286117.

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4

McCoy, E. D. y Kristin Shrader-Frechette. "Community Ecology, Scale, and the Instability of the Stability Concept". PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1992, n.º 1 (enero de 1992): 184–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1992.1.192754.

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5

Mikkelson, Gregory M. "Methods and Metaphors in Community Ecology: The Problem of Defining Stability". Perspectives on Science 5, n.º 4 (1997): 481–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00536.

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Scientists must sometimes choose between competing definitions of key terms. The degree to which different definitions facilitate important discoveries should ultimately guide decisions about which terms to accept. In the short run, rules of thumb can help. One such rule is to regard with suspicion any definition that turns a seemingly important empirical matter into an a priori exercise. Several prominent definitions of ecological “stability” are suspect, according to this rule. After evaluating alternatives, I suggest that the faulty definitions resulted from an overemphasis on population dynamics in community ecology. Machine metaphors of nature may have given rise to a related problem of experimental design.

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6

Roxburgh, Stephen H. y J. Bastow Wilson. "Stability and coexistence in a lawn community: experimental assessment of the stability of the actual community". Oikos 88, n.º 2 (febrero de 2000): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880219.x.

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7

Erkus, Oylum, Victor CL de Jager, Maciej Spus, Ingrid J. van Alen-Boerrigter, Irma MH van Rijswijck, Lucie Hazelwood, Patrick WM Janssen, Sacha AFT van Hijum, Michiel Kleerebezem y Eddy J. Smid. "Multifactorial diversity sustains microbial community stability". ISME Journal 7, n.º 11 (4 de julio de 2013): 2126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2013.108.

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8

Lhomme, Jean-Paul y Thierry Winkel. "Diversity–Stability Relationships in Community Ecology: Re-Examination of the Portfolio Effect". Theoretical Population Biology 62, n.º 3 (noviembre de 2002): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.2002.1612.

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9

Schaeffer, Jeffrey S., Anjanette K. Bowen y David G. Fielder. "Community stability within the St. Marys River fish community: Evidence from trawl surveys". Journal of Great Lakes Research 43, n.º 2 (abril de 2017): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.10.014.

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10

Suhonen, Jukka, Jukka Jokimäki, Marja-Liisa Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, Harri Hakkarainen, Esa Huhta, Kimmo Inki, Simo Jokinen y Petri Suorsa. "Urbanization and stability of a bird community in winter". Écoscience 17, n.º 1 (marzo de 2010): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2980/019.017.0102.

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11

Suhonen, Jukka, Jukka Jokimäki, Marja-Liisa Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, Harri Hakkarainen, Esa Huhta, Kimmo Inki y Petri Suorsa. "Urbanization and stability of a bird community in winter". Écoscience 16, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2009): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2980/16-4-3280.

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12

McDonald, James E., Julian R. Marchesi y Britt Koskella. "Application of ecological and evolutionary theory to microbiome community dynamics across systems". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, n.º 1941 (23 de diciembre de 2020): 20202886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2886.

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A fundamental aim of microbiome research is to understand the factors that influence the assembly and stability of host-associated microbiomes, and their impact on host phenotype, ecology and evolution. However, ecological and evolutionary theories applied to predict microbiome community dynamics are largely based on macroorganisms and lack microbiome-centric hypotheses that account for unique features of the microbiome. This special feature sets out to drive advancements in the application of eco-evolutionary theory to microbiome community dynamics through the development of microbiome-specific theoretical and conceptual frameworks across plant, human and non-human animal systems. The feature comprises 11 research and review articles that address: (i) the effects of the microbiome on host phenotype, ecology and evolution; (ii) the application and development of ecological and evolutionary theories to investigate microbiome assembly, diversity and stability across broad taxonomic scales; and (iii) general principles that underlie microbiome diversity and dynamics. This cross-disciplinary synthesis of theoretical, conceptual, methodological and analytical approaches to characterizing host–microbiome ecology and evolution across systems addresses key research gaps in the field of microbiome research and highlights future research priorities.

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13

Weiss, Anna S., Anna Burrichter y Bärbel Stecher. "Das Oligo-MM-Modell in der Darmmikrobiomforschung". BIOspektrum 29, n.º 1 (febrero de 2023): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12268-023-1875-1.

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AbstractThe mammalian gut microbiome is a dynamic and complex community of microorganisms that provides its host with a number of health benefits. Understanding the key factors that shape community composition, stability and ecology is essential to maintain or establish a functional microbiome. Studying the ecology of synthetic model communities, like the Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota (OMM12) consortium, can help to elucidate mechanisms of inter-bacterial and host-bacterial interactions that shape microbiome function.

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14

She, Yandi, Xilai Li, Chengyi Li, Pengnian Yang, Zihan Song y Jing Zhang. "Relationship between Species Diversity and Community Stability in Degraded Alpine Meadows during Bare Patch Succession". Plants 12, n.º 20 (15 de octubre de 2023): 3582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12203582.

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Plant diversity plays an important role in maintaining the stability of ecosystem functioning. Based on field surveys and indoor analyses, this study investigated the relationship between species diversity and community stability at different stages of bare patch succession in degraded alpine meadow ecosystems. Results show that: (1) Using the ICV (the Inverse of the Coefficient of Variation) method to analyze changes in plant community stability, community stability was generally ranked as follows: Long-term recovered patches > Healthy alpine meadow > Degraded alpine meadow > Short-term recovered patch > Bare Patches. (2) Using factor analysis to construct an evaluation system, the stability ranking based on species diversity was as follows: Healthy alpine meadow > Long-term recovered patches > Degraded alpine meadow > Short-term recovered patches > Bare Patches. (3) The community stability index was significantly positively correlated with vegetation coverage, height, biomass, species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, species evenness, and Simpson’s diversity index (p < 0.05). Therefore, a positive correlation exists between plant diversity and community stability, such that plant communities with a higher species diversity tend to be more stable. To maintain the plant diversity and community stability of alpine meadow ecosystems, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of grassland plant composition and community structure, as well as their influencing factors, and promote the positive succession process of grasslands.

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15

Ansari, Z. A. y A. H. Parulekar. "Environmental stability and seasonality of a harpacticoid copepod community". Marine Biology 115, n.º 2 (febrero de 1993): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00346345.

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16

Ghosh, Shyamolina, Kathryn L. Cottingham y Daniel C. Reuman. "Species relationships in the extremes and their influence on community stability". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, n.º 1835 (23 de agosto de 2021): 20200343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0343.

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Synchrony among population fluctuations of multiple coexisting species has a major impact on community stability, i.e. on the relative temporal constancy of aggregate properties such as total community biomass. However, synchrony and its impacts are usually measured using covariance methods, which do not account for whether species abundances may be more correlated when species are relatively common than when they are scarce, or vice versa. Recent work showed that species commonly exhibit such ‘asymmetric tail associations’. We here consider the influence of asymmetric tail associations on community stability. We develop a ‘skewness ratio’ which quantifies how much species relationships and tail associations modify stability. The skewness ratio complements the classic variance ratio and related metrics. Using multi-decadal grassland datasets, we show that accounting for tail associations gives new viewpoints on synchrony and stability; e.g. species associations can alter community stability differentially for community crashes or explosions to high values, a fact not previously detectable. Species associations can mitigate explosions of community abundance to high values, increasing one aspect of stability, while simultaneously exacerbating crashes to low values, decreasing another aspect of stability; or vice versa. Our work initiates a new, more flexible paradigm for exploring species relationships and community stability. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology’.

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17

Keith, Arthur R., Joseph K. Bailey y Thomas G. Whitham. "A genetic basis to community repeatability and stability". Ecology 91, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2010): 3398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1236.1.

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18

de Mazancourt, Claire, Forest Isbell, Allen Larocque, Frank Berendse, Enrica De Luca, James B. Grace, Bart Haegeman et al. "Predicting ecosystem stability from community composition and biodiversity". Ecology Letters 16, n.º 5 (26 de febrero de 2013): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12088.

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19

Leigh, Egbert Giles. "Community diversity and environmental stability: A re-examination". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 5, n.º 10 (octubre de 1990): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(90)90183-e.

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20

Farrell, Terence M. "Community stability: effects of limpet removal and reintroduction in a rocky intertidal community". Oecologia 75, n.º 2 (marzo de 1988): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378596.

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21

Evans, D. O., B. A. Henderson, N. J. Bax, T. R. Marshall, R. T. Oglesby y W. J. Christie. "Concepts and Methods of Community Ecology Applied to Freshwater Fisheries Management". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, S2 (19 de diciembre de 1987): s448—s470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-347.

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In this paper we review selected theory, hypotheses, and methods of community ecology with reference to fisheries management. Community ecology is concerned with theoretical and empirical studies of the behavior of species assemblages over space and time. Ideas that have evolved from these types of studies concerning hierarchical organization, resource partitioning, food webs, structural integration, stability, complexity, and production and their relevance to fisheries management are discussed. One main conclusion confirmed by the ASPY Symposium is that the productivity of fish communities is determined by energy inputs, nutrients, edaphic factors, and habitat variables but that the distribution of the production by species is strongly influenced by interactions between species. A related conclusion is that species interactions are size dependent because of morphological, physiological, and behavioral constraints on predator–prey relationships, resulting in a hierarchical organization. Further, density-dependent interactions (predation, competition) within and between species influence growth rates, size distributions, and age-specific mortality and reproductive rates, and vice versa. Anthropogenic factors such as fishing, nutrient enrichment, introduction of exotic species, and chemical contaminants tend to act differentially at the level of species, but due to interdependencies between species their effects are propagated at the community level by disrupting its size- and niche-structured organization. Fish communities can be managed as relatively discrete functional units, but dependency on whole system dynamics ultimately necessitates an ecosystem perspective. Development of a more quantitative theory of fish community dynamics will require improved descriptions of species interactions (food web structure, ontogenetic histories, resource partitioning, and body size dependency), better characterization of complexity, stability, and successional change in fish communities, additional knowledge of energy transfer through aquatic ecosystems, and improved methods of estimating biomass distributions in fish communities. Comparative studies over space and time and experimental and adaptive management are appropriate ways for fishery scientists and managers to acquire this knowledge.

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22

Kondoh, Michio. "Anti-predator defence and the complexity–stability relationship of food webs". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, n.º 1618 (24 de abril de 2007): 1617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0335.

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The mechanism for maintaining complex food webs has been a central issue in ecology because theory often predicts that complexity (higher the species richness, more the interactions) destabilizes food webs. Although it has been proposed that prey anti-predator defence may affect the stability of prey–predator dynamics, such studies assumed a limited and relatively simpler variation in the food-web structure. Here, using mathematical models, I report that food-web flexibility arising from prey anti-predator defence enhances community-level stability (community persistence and robustness) in more complex systems and even changes the complexity–stability relationship. The model analysis shows that adaptive predator-specific defence enhances community-level stability under a wide range of food-web complexity levels and topologies, while generalized defence does not. Furthermore, while increasing food-web complexity has minor or negative effects on community-level stability in the absence of defence adaptation, or in the presence of generalized defence, in the presence of predator-specific defence, the connectance–stability relationship may become unimodal. Increasing species richness, in contrast, always lowers community-level stability. The emergence of a positive connectance–stability relationship however necessitates food-web compartmentalization, high defence efficiency and low defence cost, suggesting that it only occurs under a restricted condition.

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23

Wang, Nannan, Lei Li, Bingwei Zhang, Shiping Chen, Wei Sun, Yukun Luo, Kuanhu Dong et al. "Population turnover promotes fungal stability in a semi-arid grassland under precipitation shifts". Journal of Plant Ecology 13, n.º 4 (14 de julio de 2020): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa038.

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Abstract Aims Bacteria and fungi are two primary groups of soil microbes, and their stability determines the persistence of microbial functions in response to a changing environment. Recent studies reported higher fungal than bacterial stability under precipitation alteration, the underlying mechanisms, however, remain elusive. Methods A 3-year precipitation manipulation experiment in a semi-arid grassland was used to compare the bacterial and fungal diversities, including alpha diversity, beta diversity and microbial community composition turnover, in response to precipitation manipulations. A framework is proposed to understand the stability properties of bacteria and fungi under precipitation alteration. We conceived a diagrammatic valley to illustrate microbial stability with the depth representing resistance and the width ecological resilience. Important Findings We found that ±60% in precipitation significantly reduced the richness and increased the evenness of bacteria but had trivial impacts on fungi. Precipitation alteration yielded stronger impacts on the variation in alpha diversity of bacteria than fungi, suggesting that the bacterial community is more sensitive to water stress than the fungal community. Moreover, fungi had wider composition turnover than that of bacteria, indicating higher composition variation of fungi than bacteria. The population turnover of fungi, reflected by composition variation, coefficient variation of diversity index and composition turnover, was larger than that of bacteria at both temporal and spatial scales, indicating the population turnover promotes fungal stability. The higher stability of fungal community in tolerating water stress is analogous to a ball in a wide valley that swing substantially but remain close to its steady state; while the lower stability of bacteria community is analogous to a ball that swings slightly but stay far away from its steady state. Our finding that the fungal community had higher stability than bacterial community in a semi-arid grassland might be applicable to other biomes.

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24

Neutel, Anje‐Margriet y Michael A. S. Thorne. "Beyond connectedness: why pairwise metrics cannot capture community stability". Ecology and Evolution 6, n.º 20 (16 de septiembre de 2016): 7199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2461.

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25

Wood, Connor M., Shawn T. McKinney y Cynthia S. Loftin. "Intraspecific functional diversity of common species enhances community stability". Ecology and Evolution 7, n.º 5 (8 de febrero de 2017): 1553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2721.

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26

Allen, S., S. Henson, A. Hickman, C. Beaulieu, PC Doncaster y DG Johns. "Interannual stability of phytoplankton community composition in the North-East Atlantic". Marine Ecology Progress Series 655 (26 de noviembre de 2020): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13515.

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As primary producers, phytoplankton play a pivotal role in the marine environment and are central to many biogeochemical processes. Changes to phytoplankton community composition could have major consequences for wider ecosystem functioning and may occur in response to climate change. Here we describe multi-decadal variability in phytoplankton community structure using taxonomic data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder collected in the North-East Atlantic from 1969-2013, using a total of 42 diatom and dinoflagellate taxa. We considered a range of characteristics of community structure, including taxonomic diversity and community stability and disorder, and how these characteristics change in response to sea surface temperature, mixed layer depth and the North Atlantic Oscillation. We found that phytoplankton community composition was largely stable on interannual timescales. A change in community composition occurred between 1985 and 1995 due to an increased dominance of 2 diatom taxa (Rhizosolenia styliformis and Thalassiosira spp.); however, after this period, the community returned to its previous composition. Further, a community disorder analysis found that phytoplankton compositional structure became more rigid in recent years, which may lead to an eventual community shift in the future. In contrast to previous studies that revealed relationships between total phytoplankton abundance or biomass and environmental forcing, we found that community structure had, at most, a very weak relationship with the environmental parameters tested. Changes to the physical environment may therefore have less influence at interannual timescales on phytoplankton community structure than previously thought.

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27

Roxburgh, Stephen H. y J. Bastow Wilson. "Stability and coexistence in a lawn community: mathematical prediction of stability using a community matrix with parameters derived from competition experiments". Oikos 88, n.º 2 (febrero de 2000): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880218.x.

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28

Downing, Amy L., Craig Jackson, Claire Plunkett, Jayne Ackerman Lockhart, Shannon M. Schlater y Mathew A. Leibold. "Temporal stability vs. community matrix measures of stability and the role of weak interactions". Ecology Letters 23, n.º 10 (18 de agosto de 2020): 1468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13538.

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29

Vasco, Daniel A., Apolinario D. Nazarea y R. H. Richardson. "Dynamics and stability in coevolutionary ecological systems I. Community stability and coevolutionarily stable states". Theoretical Population Biology 31, n.º 2 (abril de 1987): 273–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-5809(87)90030-x.

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30

Frelich, Lee E. y Peter B. Reich. "Minireviews: Neighborhood Effects, Disturbance Severity, and Community Stability in Forests". Ecosystems 2, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 1999): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100219900066.

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31

Death, Russell G. y Michael J. Winterbourn. "Environmental Stability and Community Persistence: A Multivariate Perspective". Journal of the North American Benthological Society 13, n.º 2 (junio de 1994): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1467232.

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32

Sorensen, Jackson W. y Ashley Shade. "Dormancy dynamics and dispersal contribute to soil microbiome resilience". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, n.º 1798 (23 de marzo de 2020): 20190255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0255.

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In disturbance ecology, stability is composed of resistance to change and resilience towards recovery after the disturbance subsides. Two key microbial mechanisms that can support microbiome stability include dormancy and dispersal. Specifically, microbial populations that are sensitive to disturbance can be re-seeded by local dormant pools of viable and reactivated cells, or by immigrants dispersed from regional metacommunities. However, it is difficult to quantify the contributions of these mechanisms to stability without, first, distinguishing the active from inactive membership, and, second, distinguishing the populations recovered by local resuscitation from those recovered by dispersed immigrants. Here, we investigate the contributions of dormancy dynamics (activation and inactivation), and dispersal to soil microbial community resistance and resilience. We designed a replicated, 45-week time-series experiment to quantify the responses of the active soil microbial community to a thermal press disturbance, including unwarmed control mesocosms, disturbed mesocosms without dispersal, and disturbed mesocosms with dispersal after the release of the stressor. Communities changed in structure within one week of warming. Though the disturbed mesocosms did not fully recover within 29 weeks, resuscitation of thermotolerant taxa was key for community transition during the press, and both resuscitation of opportunistic taxa and immigration contributed to community resilience. Also, mesocosms with dispersal were more resilient than mesocosms without. This work advances the mechanistic understanding of how microbiomes respond to disturbances in their environment. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Conceptual challenges in microbial community ecology’.

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33

Collins. "Disturbance Frequency and Community Stability in Native Tallgrass Prairie". American Naturalist 155, n.º 3 (2000): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3078868.

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34

Tichý, Lubomír, Milan Chytrý y Petr S̆marda. "Evaluating the stability of the classification of community data". Ecography 34, n.º 5 (18 de febrero de 2011): 807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06599.x.

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35

Gu, Songsong, Ye Deng, Pengyuan Wang, Chenhong Li, Dejun Shi y Shuping Wang. "Assessing riverine fish community diversity and stability by eDNA metabarcoding". Ecological Indicators 157 (diciembre de 2023): 111222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111222.

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36

Zhang, Hongjin, Mei Zhou, Lizheng Dong, Hongyan Liu y Wei Wang. "Soil bacterial community mediates temporal stability of plant community productivity in degraded grasslands". Applied Soil Ecology 182 (febrero de 2023): 104725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104725.

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37

Xu, Feng-Wei, Jian-Jun Li, Li-Ji Wu, Xiao-Ming Lu, Wen Xing, Di-Ma Chen, Biao Zhu, Shao-Peng Wang, Lin Jiang y Yong-Fei Bai. "Resource enrichment combined with biomass removal maintains plant diversity and community stability in a long-term grazed grassland". Journal of Plant Ecology 13, n.º 5 (21 de julio de 2020): 611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa046.

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Abstract Aims Long-term heavy grazing reduces plant diversity and ecosystem function by intensifying nitrogen (N) and water limitation. In contrast, the absence of biomass removal can cause species loss by elevating light competition and weakening community stability, which is exacerbated by N and water enrichment. Hence, how to maintain species diversity and community stability is still a huge challenge for sustainable management of worldwide grasslands. Methods We conducted a 4-year manipulated experiment in six long-term grazing blocks to explore combination of resource additions and biomass removal (increased water, N and light availability) on species richness and community stability in semiarid grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China. Important Findings In all blocks treated with the combination of resource additions and biomass removal, primary productivity increased and species richness and community stability were maintained over 4 years of experiment. At both species and plant functional group (PFG) levels, the aboveground biomass of treated plants remained temporally stable in treatments with the combination of N and/or water addition and biomass removal. The maintenance of species richness was primarily caused by the biomass removal, which could increase the amount of light exposure for grasses under resource enrichment. Both species asynchrony and stability of PFGs contributed to the high temporal stability observed in these communities. Our results indicate that management practices of combined resource enrichment with biomass removal, such as grazing or mowing, could not only enhance primary productivity but also maintain plant species diversity, species asynchrony and community stability. Furthermore, as overgrazing-induced degradation and resource enrichment-induced biodiversity loss continue to be major problems worldwide, our findings have important implications for adaptive management in semiarid grasslands and beyond.

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38

Bullen, R. y N. L. McKenzie. "Bat airframe design: flight performance, stability and control in relation to foraging ecology". Australian Journal of Zoology 49, n.º 3 (2001): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00037.

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We tested the airframes of a community of microbats in terms of flight performance, stability and control, and present the first systematic classification of bat flight manoeuvres. The tail, ears and main-wing all contributed to these airframe functions. In combination, six airframe ratios (aspect ratio, wing loading, tail area ratio, ear area ratio, tail length ratio and ear length ratio) provided robust predictions of species’ foraging microhabitats and foraging strategies (including agility and speed).

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39

Zhang, Zhonghua, Li Ma, Xiaoyuan Yang, Qian Zhang, Yandi She, Tao Chang, Hongye Su et al. "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function under Simulated Gradient Warming and Grazing". Plants 11, n.º 11 (27 de mayo de 2022): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111428.

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Biodiversity and ecosystem functions and their relationship with environmental response constitute a major topic of ecological research. However, the changes in and impact mechanisms of multi-dimensional biodiversity and ecosystem functions in continuously changing environmental gradients and anthropogenic activities remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze the effects of multi-gradient warming and grazing on relationships between the biodiversity of plant and soil microbial with productivity/community stability through a field experiment simulating multi-gradient warming and grazing in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. We show the following results: (i) Plant biodiversity, soil microbial diversity and community productivity in alpine grasslands show fluctuating trends with temperature gradients, and a temperature increase below approximately 1 °C is beneficial to alpine grasslands; moderate grazing only increases the fungal diversity of the soil surface layer. (ii) The warming shifted plant biomass underground in alpine grasslands to obtain more water in response to the decrease in soil moisture caused by the temperature rise. Community stability was not affected by warming or grazing. (iii) Community stability was not significantly correlated with productivity, and environmental factors, rather than biodiversity, influenced community stability and productivity.

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Daniels, Steven E., William F. Hyde y David N. Wear. "Distributive Effects of Forest Service Attempts to Maintain Community Stability". Forest Science 37, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 1991): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/37.1.245.

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Abstract Community stability is an objective of USDA Forest Service timber sales. This paper examines that objective, and the success the Forest Service can have in attaining it, through its intended maintenance of a constant volume timber harvest schedule. We apply a three-factor, two-sector modified general equilibrium model with empirical evidence from the timber-based counties of western Montana. Departure from a market responsive timber policy can have positive impacts on the wood products sector, but the net effects on the local community are very small. The costs to the public treasury of pursuing such a policy dwarf these small community benefits. For. Sci. 37(1):245-260.

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41

Martinez-Solano, Inigo, Jaime Bosch y Mario Garcia-Paris. "Demographic Trends and Community Stability in a Montane Amphibian Assemblage". Conservation Biology 17, n.º 1 (febrero de 2003): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01096.x.

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42

Chan, Siu Hung Joshua, Margaret N. Simons y Costas D. Maranas. "SteadyCom: Predicting microbial abundances while ensuring community stability". PLOS Computational Biology 13, n.º 5 (15 de mayo de 2017): e1005539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005539.

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43

Tomiolo, Sara, Mark C. Bilton y Katja Tielbörger. "Plant community stability results from shifts in species assemblages following whole community transplants across climates". Oikos 129, n.º 1 (29 de septiembre de 2019): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.06536.

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44

Mallik, Azim U. y Hafizur Rahman. "Community forestry in developed and developing countries: A comparative study". Forestry Chronicle 70, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 1994): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70731-6.

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Concerns about the ecological and economic sustainability of industrial forestry led to the revival of community forestry (CF) in the developing countries. Recently, the developed countries are also examining the feasibility of CF as a land management alternative for the similar reasons. This paper compares the opportunities and challenges of CF in the developing and developed countries. Particular emphasis is placed on the goals and objectives, participants and beneficiaries, land tenure, size and management, ecology and economics of CF. In the developing countries CF is generally small, labour intensive and geared to meeting the basic needs of the community people. By contrast, CF in the developed countries is large, capital intensive and market oriented. Notwithstanding the differences, CF provides an opportunity for ecosystem management to maintain community stability and ecological integrity in both developing and developed countries. Key words: community forestry, sustainability, ecosystem management, community stability

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45

BATABYAL, AMITRAJEET A. "The concept of resilience: retrospect and prospect". Environment and Development Economics 3, n.º 2 (mayo de 1998): 221–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x98230129.

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The modern study of stability in ecology can be said to have begun with the appearance of ‘Fluctuations of Animal Populations and a Measure of Community Stability’, by R.H. MacArthur in 1955. Since the publication of this influential paper, ecologists have investigated the properties of a number of different stability and stability-related concepts; the concepts of persistence, resilience, resistance, and variability readily come to mind. Of these various concepts, the concept of resilience itself appears to have been rather resilient. Indeed, as Neubert and Caswell (1997) and others have noted, today there is a vast literature on resilience. However, it is important to note that this literatur—to the best of my knowledge—has been primarily ecological in nature. In other words, the concept of resilience originated in ecology, and this concept has been applied and studied primarily in the context of ecosystems.

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46

Schwendel, Arved C., Michael K. Joy, Russell G. Death y Ian C. Fuller. "A macroinvertebrate index to assess stream-bed stability". Marine and Freshwater Research 62, n.º 1 (2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10137.

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Biotic indices based on community composition and calculated from sensitivity scores assigned to individual taxa are commonly used as indicators for ecological integrity of fluvial ecosystems. Macroinvertebrate indices can assess water quality but invertebrate community composition also responds to other environmental factors including stream bed disturbance. This study presents a biotic community index that assesses stream bed stability in stony riffles. This Macroinvertebrate Index of Bed Stability is calibrated on transport and entrainment of in situ-marked tracer stones in 46 streams in New Zealand’s North Island, representing a wide range of substrate stability. Scores were investigated for 67 common invertebrate taxa using Indicator Species Analysis based on taxa abundance at varying levels of substrate stability. The resulting site score, weighted by taxa abundance, improved a predictive model of bed stability, generated with model trees, when added to the pool of habitat variables and explained 69% of the variation in bed stability. Site scores were strongly correlated with measured bed stability at the development sites, but not at eight independent validation sites, suggesting the need for further testing on a larger dataset including streams in other regions of New Zealand, and overseas.

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47

Hallett, Lauren M., Joanna S. Hsu, Elsa E. Cleland, Scott L. Collins, Timothy L. Dickson, Emily C. Farrer, Laureano A. Gherardi et al. "Biotic mechanisms of community stability shift along a precipitation gradient". Ecology 95, n.º 6 (junio de 2014): 1693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0895.1.

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Patel, Swati, Michael H. Cortez y Sebastian J. Schreiber. "Partitioning the Effects of Eco-Evolutionary Feedbacks on Community Stability". American Naturalist 191, n.º 3 (marzo de 2018): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/695834.

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49

Ringel, Michael S., Helen H. Hu, Garrett Anderson y Michael S. Ringel. "The Stability and Persistence of Mutualisms Embedded in Community Interactions". Theoretical Population Biology 50, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1996): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.1996.0032.

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50

László, Zoltán, László Rákosy y Béla Tóthmérész. "The simpler the better: When decreasing landscape complexity increases community stability". Ecological Indicators 84 (enero de 2018): 828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.09.054.

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