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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Communautés phytoplanctoniques"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Communautés phytoplanctoniques"
Loez, C. R., A. Saliban y M. L. Topalian. "Associations phytoplanctoniques indicatrices de la pollution par le zinc". Revue des sciences de l'eau 11, n.º 3 (12 de abril de 2005): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705309ar.
Texto completoRachiq, S., M. Raoui, N. Chadli, M. Amblard, M. M. Alaoui, J. F. Carrias, T. Sime-Ngando y D. Sargos. "Potentialités phagotrophes des phytoflagellés dans la retenue de barrage Allal El Fassi (Maroc)". Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2005): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705438ar.
Texto completoBerard, A. y T. Pelte. "Les herbicides inhibateurs du photosystème II, effets sur les communautés algales et leur dynamique". Revue des sciences de l'eau 12, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2005): 333–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705355ar.
Texto completoAyadi, H., N. Toumi, O. Abid, K. Medhioub, M. Hammami, T. Sime-Ngando, C. Amblard y D. Sargos. "Étude qualitative et quantitative des peuplements phyto- et zooplanctoniques dans les bassins de la saline de Sfax, Tunisie". Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2005): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705441ar.
Texto completoSalam, Ali Mohamed Abdou, Ngasoumana Ba, Mame Samba Mbaye, Djibril Diop, Ndongo Diouf, Jules Diouf, Madiop Gueye, Seyni Sane y Kandioura Noba. "Caractérisation de la diversité et de l’abondance du phytoplancton de l’Aire Marine Protégée de Sangomar/Sénégal". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 18, n.º 1 (9 de mayo de 2024): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v18i1.16.
Texto completoRasoanarivo, R., J. Folack, G. Champalbert y B. Becker. "Relations entre les communautés phytoplanctoniques et l'alimentation des larves de Sardina pilchardus Walb. dans le golfe de Fos (Méditerranée occidentale): influence de la lumière sur l'activitéalimentaire des larves". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 151, n.º 1 (agosto de 1991): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(91)90017-q.
Texto completoRoy, Suzanne, Robert Simon y Émilien Pelletier. "Indice de fluorescence algale et variations de pH appliqués à l’étude des effets du pétrole dispersé sur le phytoplancton marin". Water Quality Research Journal 28, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 1993): 723–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1993.039.
Texto completoCôté, R., D. Bussières y P. Desgagnés. "Distribution spatio-temporelle du phytoplancton et du zooplancton dans le lac Saint-Jean (Québec), un réservoir hydroélectrique". Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, n.º 3 (12 de abril de 2005): 597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705471ar.
Texto completoBoukari, Ousmane Touré, Flavien Edia Dovonou, Waris Kéwouyèmi Chouti, Daniel Koto Dagnon, Edmisol Adjadjihoue, Youssouf Abou, Daouda Mama y Limam Moktar Bawa. "Biomasse planctonique et qualité de l’eau du lac Ahémé au Sud-Ouest du Bénin". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, n.º 3 (30 de agosto de 2022): 1350–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i3.35.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Communautés phytoplanctoniques"
Ardyna, Mathieu. "Les communautés phytoplanctoniques dans un océan arctique en mutation : iogéographie, phénologie, productivité". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25832.
Texto completoThe Arctic Ocean is currently experiencing major and abrupt changes in its atmospheric and oceanic compartments due to climate change. The first emerging ecological consequences to the loss of sea ice are undeniable, such as increasing annual primary production (PP) globally in the Arctic Ocean. However, in some areas, studies suggest a decrease in productivity in response to a local intensification of the vertical stratification of the upper water column. The response of phytoplankton communities to climate change remains complex and difficult to predict, with potential dramatic impacts extending through all trophic levels of marine ecosystems. The primary objective of this thesis explores this fundamental question, with a particular emphasis on biogeography, phenology (i.e., the study of annual recurring biological cycles) and productivity of Arctic phytoplankton communities. More specifically, this study is based on two complementary research approaches: (1) the compilation and analysis of historical databases covering the vertical and spatial distribution, productivity and ecology of Arctic phytoplankton, and (2) the use of remote sensing data describing the biogeography, phenology and ongoing changes in Arctic phytoplankton communities. Based on a unique compilation of vertical profiles of chlorophyll a (chl a; i.e., 5206 stations), we documented the spatio-temporal variability of the vertical distribution of phytoplankton and the range of productivity regimes (from oligotrophic to eutrophic regions) across the Arctic Ocean. An empirical model has also been developed to predict the vertical distribution of chl a based on surface chl a values depending on season and the province of the Arctic Ocean. The benefits of this model allow us to improve satellite-derived PP estimates and improve our understanding of the ecology and phenology of phytoplankton communities. Particular attention has been focused on the mechanisms of formation and maintenance of subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) and their contribution to annual PP. On account of their vertical position, dictated by the depths of both the nitracline and Atlantic (in the Eastern Arctic) and Pacific (in the Western Arctic) waters, these SCMs appear important to PP, particularly in oligotrophic regions and during post-bloom periods. In a second step, the use of remote sensing could reveal an unexpected consequence of Arctic ice loss on Arctic phytoplankton. Regions that experienced a single annual bloom only a decade ago now develop a second bloom in the fall. This new bloom, which coincides with delayed freeze-up and increasing exposure of the sea surface to winds in the fall, implies that the Arctic Ocean may be shifting from a polar to a temperate mode. Biogeographic scenarios for the future of the annual PP, which is closely related to phenology, can thus be defined in response to the current receding sea-ice cover. These predictions will allow us to better anticipate the possible changes in phytoplankton productivity and community structure and the potential cascading repercussions on the carbon cycle and marine Arctic ecosystems.
Napoléon, Camille. "Évolution spatio-temporelle de la production primaire et des communautés phytoplanctoniques en Manche". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2067.
Texto completoThe chlorophyll a concentration, usually used in marine ecosystemic models for the estimation of primary production (PP), merely gives a fixed image of the phytoplankton compartment. Yet, all trophic levels taken into account within the models depend on the PP. Thus, a good modelisation of food webs in the English Channel requires a reliable estimation of PP on the whole ecosystem. In order to follow the PP dynamics at a high spatio-temporal scale, surveys have been conducted onboard ferry boats (Britanny Ferries), in the central English Channel on the Ouistreham (Fr)/Portsmouth (GB) transect, and in the occidental English Channel on the Roscoff (Fr)/Portsmouth (GB) transect. In order to measure the photosynthetic parameters at a high frequency, PAM measurements have been carried out. On the one hand, these measurements have been associated to the measurements of physicochemical parameters, with a view to define which parameters controlled the PP in the English Channel. On the other hand, pico, nano and microphytoplankton species have been identified in order to study the link between the variability of the community, the diversity, and the production and productivity levels. On the Ouistreham/Portsmouth transect, these measurements have been coupled with carbon incorporation measurements (13C) at low frequency. The coupling of PAM data with those of 13C has made it possible to create a multi-parametric model, thereby transforming the PAM data into carbon incorporation data, depending on physicochemical and biological data. This approach was also performed in laboratory on phytoplankton species
Ligorini, Viviana. "Trajectoires d’évolution des communautés phytoplanctoniques et des lagunes côtières du littoral corse et applications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CORT0005.
Texto completoCoastal lagoons are of high ecological, economic and social importance. Nevertheless, they are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure and climate change, especially in the Mediterranean region. Lagoons’ conservation is hence fundamental for the protection of littoral systems and the well-being of human populations. This thesis aims to provide support for public policies for the restoration and conservation of coastal lagoons, but also to look for potential resources’ valorisation. The works aim to deepen knowledge on the evolution trajectories of phytoplankton communities and coastal lagoons of the Corsican coast, (i) by questioning the evolutions of seasonal variations linked to abiotic factors, but also the impact of salinity variations, particularly in the context of climate change, on large and/or small lagoons, and (ii) by testing different integrated approaches taking into account the human impact, from the watershed to the sea.Phytoplankton communities of six Corsican lagoons (Diana, Urbino, Biguglia, Arasu, Santa Giulia, Balistra) are studied in this framework. Analysis of long term historical datasets available, in situ monitoring and experimental essays performed allowed the identification of marked seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton communities and central elements for coastal lagoons’ management. The trend towards the dominance of dinoflagellates, the emergence of stress-tolerant (e.g. extreme salinities), sometimes potentially toxic, the increase in phytoplankton blooms as well as changes in the seasonal cycles have been highlighted in large and small sized lagoons. These phenomena are mainly linked to anthropogenic impacts (pollution, urban wastewater, water use, tourism…), hydrogeological alterations caused by human interventions, and climate change.The study of other biotic and abiotic compartments of the ecosystem, like biological invasion, fish production or hydrogeological functioning, has confirmed the need to apply an ecosystem-based approach, from the watershed to the sea, in order to understand the overall functioning of the system. The consideration of Humans in the study of ecological trajectories has also been highlighted, emphasizing that lagoons should be considered as social-ecological systems. This holistic vision is fundamental to consider an optimal integrated management of the complexity of the system.Moreover, this thesis provides a new perspective on small surfaced lagoons on the Mediterranean coast scale, which are very reactive to change and can thus be considered as sentinels of climate change.At the same time, the study of a diatom strain from the Diana lagoon has demonstrated promising ecophysiological and chemical characteristics for potential biotechnological applications in the aquaculture domain, due to its lagoon origin.The overall results on the past and future evolution trajectories have highlighted the complexity and vulnerability of coastal lagoons (and those of small surface areas in particular) in the face of growing threats and some questions about their future. This work provides hence some supporting elements for the lagoon management and the valorisation of resources linked to these environments, by proposing an integrated and interdisciplinary management for the sustainable conservation of these ecosystems and of the services provided, particularly in the climate change context
Leruste, Amandine. "Trajectoires d’évolution des communautés phytoplanctoniques au cours du processus de restauration écologique des milieux lagunaires méditerranéens". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT143/document.
Texto completoLocated at the interface between marine and continental systems, coastal lagoons are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems. These semi-enclosed ecosystems are very vulnerable to nutrient enrichment. In the Languedoc-Roussillon region, anthropogenic pressures have profoundly damaged the coastal lagoons, especially those belonging to the Palavasian complex close to Montpellier. The latter lagoons have been affected by high nutrient loadings from the sewage treatment plant of the Montpellier agglomeration. This resulted in a trophic gradient among the eight lagoons in the complex, from mesotrophy to hypertrophy, with altered primary producer communities by favoring the predominance of the phytoplankton compartment.The phytoplankton responds very fast to environmental variability. The high specific and functional diversity of the phytoplankton carries information regarding the different ecological processes and ecosystem functioning. Hence, phytoplankton has been widely used as an efficient indicator of aquatic ecosystems functioning.In December 2005, the effluents responsible of the eutrophication of the Palavasian lagoons were diverted into the Mediterranean Sea. This measure resulted in a reduction of the inorganic phosphorous and nitrogen loadings to the lagoons from 70 to 83 %, respectively, and initiated a process of ecological restoration. This thesis aimed to improve the understanding of the restoration process of Mediterranean coastal lagoons by studying phytoplankton communities’ trajectories.The analysis of a database comprising fourteen years of observations from 2000 to 2013 established that the restoration of coastal lagoons gave rise to an improvement of the water quality, linked to a drastic reduction of phytoplankton biomass. The time series showed a sharp drop of the Diatoms (3-5 µm), which before the diversion had been particularly enhanced by the nutrient inputs from the effluents. The analysis of phytoplankton trajectories since the nutrient inputs reduction showed a modification of phytoplankton community composition characterized by an increase of the abundances of Green algae and Dinophytes. This modification reflects the change of the origin and the form of available nutrients caused by the re-oligotrophication. It especially emphasizes the importance of benthic fluxes of phosphate and ammonium, for which Green algae are the most competitive. In addition, the benthic stocks of organic matter may represent a resource for mixotrophic species. Picophytoplankton, which was exclusively dominant in the Palavasian lagoons before the diversion, is now temporarily replaced by nano- and microphytoplankton during seasonal blooms. This is related to their specific strategies to acquire and use nutrients. The seasonal variability of taxonomic and functional phytoplankton diversity (cell size, trophic regime, growth) of two lagoons from the Palavasian complex with contrasted trophic status was studied in more detail, and compared to that of an oligotrophic lagoon. This study showed some particularities of the phytoplankton communities to fit to distinct ecosystem functioning, which can be linked to the degradation caused by eutrophication. The restoration is still unfinished today. The phytoplankton biomass increases since 2012 in response to suitable climatic conditions. The phytoplankton of the Palavasian lagoons still quickly responds to a nutrient pulse, highlighting the lagoon vulnerability to an anthropogenic nutrient input
Cadier, Mathilde. "Diversité des communautés phytoplanctoniques en relation avec les facteurs environnementaux en mer d'Iroise : approche par la modélisation 3D". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0030/document.
Texto completoPhytoplankton diversity depends on physical, chemical and biological local conditions. Moreover, physical transport could also impact the distribution of autotrophic organisms/species within phytoplankton communities. Therefore, phytoplanktonic assemblages exhibit significant spatial (bioregionalization) and temporal (successions) variability in terms of species diversity as well as productivity. Coastal regions are particularly contrasted area with sharp environmental gradients underlying strong heterogeneity in phytoplankton communities' composition. In this context, the Iroise Sea presents a seasonal, highly productive, tidal front, which separates two distinctregimes. Eastside, continental shelf waters are regularly mixed by tidal currents while offshore waters remain stratified throughout the whole summer period.Thus, the Iroise Sea may be an opportune region to study the processes linking the frontal structure dynamic and its impact on phytoplanktonic diversity.This thesis aims, more specifically, at characterizing phytoplankton communities in the Iroise Sea interms of both functional and phenotypic diversity over a seasonal cycle in general and during the summer at the frontal interface in particular. This work is based on a 3D numerical modeling approach using a physical/biogeochemical coupled model. As a first part of this thesis, the implementation of a regional configuration for the Iroise Sea has been conducted, including the technical coupling between the hydrodynamical model (ROMS-AGRIF) and the phytoplankton diversity model (DARWIN). This work was the first necessary step to simulate and study the Iroise sea phytoplanktonic diversity.Our results show a pronounced seasonal cycle of the phytoplankton functional composition, driven by the surface mixed layer depth that influenced light and nutrients' availabilty. Indeed, during winter, the biomass is dominated by picoplankton in the Iroise Sea. Then, as water column becomes stratified offshore, in April, a characteristic phytoplankton bloom occurs with a larger contribution of microphytoplancton (mainly diatoms). During summer, the nutrient-replete coastal well-mixed area remains highly productive and dominated by diatoms while surface stratified offshore waters (where phytoplankton growth is nutrient-limited) show higher coexistence between phytoplankton functional types.We also examined the phytoplankton phenotypic diversity simulated within the frontal region in relation with the surrounding areas in September (summer conditions). The results highlight a diversity maximum located at the surface slightly westward from the biomass maximum of the front. This diversity maximum is suggested to be the result of the upward transport of typical phenotypes from the offshore Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) toward the Surface at the west warm side of the front. Indeed, picoplanktonic phenotypes growing in the DCM coexist, in this diversity maximum, with those from the surface oligotrophic waters and ubiquitous ones growing in the eastside mixed coastal waters.Finally, the effect of tidal spring/neap tide cycle has been investigated and shows, for the first time, how this cycle impacts the phytoplankton biomass and the phenotypic community composition within the coastal well-mixed, homogeneous system. Indeed, the neap-tide conditions of reduced vertical mixing and stabilization lead to an increase in total phytoplankton biomass associated with the rapid development of fast-growing, opportunistic, diatoms species and a decrease in phenotypic diversity
Garrido, Marie. "Structure et fonction des communautés phytoplanctoniques en milieux côtiers marin et lagunaire (Méditerranée - Corse) dans une optique de gestion". Corté, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CORT0030.
Texto completoCoastal ecosystems contibute in a significant way to oceans’ primary production. By their geographical position, they are particulary sensitive to eutrophication. Phytoplanktonic compartment plays a predominant role with regards its position as primary producer, but also in terms of diversity. It is also able of integrating and/or reflecting the environmental changes that take place in the short , medium and long term. (. . . /. . . )
Del, Amo Yolanda. "Dynamique et structure des communautés phytoplanctoniques dans un écosystème côtier pertrubé : cinétiques de l'incorporation de silicium par les diatomées". Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2027.
Texto completoUitz, Julia. "Structure des communautés phytoplanctoniques et propriétés photophysiologiques dans l'océan ouvert : paramétrisation en vue d'applications à la couleur de l'océan". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22052.pdf.
Texto completoThe main objective of this thesis focuses on the structure of phytoplankton communities and their photophysiological properties in the world ocean, in view of satellite applications. In the first part, we studied the relationships between near-surface chlorophyll content, [Chla]surf, as it can be assessed from ocean color and (i) the phytoplankton biomass, (ii) its vertical distribution and (iii) its taxonomic composition in terms of phytoplankton groups (micro-, nano- and picophytoplankton). In this objective, we analyzed more than 21 000 pigment measurements, collected in various regions of the world ocean. Corroborating well known general trends (e. G. Microphytoplankton are mostly found in eutrophic zones, while small cells predominate in oligotrophic regions), this study lead to a global empirical relationship, allowing the quantification of the biomass, as well as the vertical distribution, of each of the three phytoplankton groups, from the [Chla]surf. In the second part, we studied the variability of the phytoplankton photophysiological properties as a function of (i) the trophic status and (ii) the composition of phytoplankton communities. Based on the analysis of 994 measurements of P vs E curves parameters, this study points to a possible alternative to present parameterizations of photophysiological properties, which usually rely on one (or more) environmental factor. This also allowed us to extract photophysiological properties specific to each of the phytoplankton groups, a priori representative of the world ocean. Finally, the tools developed here were used in conjunction with a bio-optical primary production model, coupled with ocean color data, in order to estimate, for the first time, the primary production specific to the three phytoplankton groups
Guiselin, Natacha. "Etude de la dynamique des communautés phytoplanctoniques par microscopie et cytométrie en flux, en eaux côtière de la Manche orientale". Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0258.
Texto completoThe coastal areas contribute in an important way to the primary production of the oceans. The compartment phytoplanctonic plays there a paramount role from its position of primary producer at the base of the trophic networks, but also in term of diversity. The goal of this work was to characterize phytoplanctonic coastal water dynamics, by using a technique of traditionel analysis (microscopy) and a technique of automated analysis (the cytometry in flow). The coastal area of the Eastern English Channel was selected like site workshop characterizing by the recurrence of massive blooms of Phaeocystis globosa. During the work of thesis, a sampling rate appropriate to the scale of observation was used, from monthly samples to daily. The primary goal consisted to the study of the temporal variability of the phytoplanctonic communities to long term (1992-2007) and medium term (2005-2007), with different temporal resolutions, with an aim of apprehending their relationship to the environmental factors. The second objective aimed at determining the structure of the communities during these various scales. Within a short term study, it proved to be useful to apply an alternative methodology to microscopy. The cytometry in flow is a technique developed for the enumeration of the individual cells, identified from the analysis of their optical properties (diffusion and fluorescence). A cytometer in flow of “scanning” (CytoSense Benshtop-CytoBuoy) was used, especially adapted to the detection and the enumeration of the phytoplanctonic cells between 1µm and 800µm
Mangolte, Inès. "Effet des fronts océaniques sur les communautés de plancton". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS489.pdf.
Texto completoOceanic fronts are transition zones between water masses with different physico-chemical properties that are associated with a very dynamic horizontal and vertical circulation. Empirical observations and modeling studies have shown that the vertical input of nutrients by the cross-frontal circulation stimulates primary production and causes an increase in the biomass of a group of opportunistic phytoplankton, the diatoms, at the fronts. However, the consequences of this nutrient input on the rest of the planktonic community are still poorly understood. In this thesis, I use both empirical data and numerical simulations to characterize the effect of fronts on the entire planktonic community, including other phytoplankton groups (such as cyanobacteria, coccolithophores and dinoflagellates) and zooplankton. The model is a simplified high-resolution representation of a Western Boundary Current (such as the Gulf Stream or the Kuroshio) coupled with the DARWIN ecosystem model, which includes 30 phytoplankton types in four functional groups and 16 zooplankton types. The empirical data was collected in the California upwelling region during transects across fronts, and consist of 24 plankton groups including heterotrophic bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton. I show that the taxonomic and spatial structure of planktonic frontal communities is extremely complex, and cannot be explained solely by increased growth in response to nutrient supply. Using numerical simulations, I show that two types of biotic interactions cause a decrease in the biomass of certain phytoplankton groups in fronts: self-shading, which is a form of competition for light, and shared predation, which is a form of indirect competition between two prey sharing a common predator. Using the in-situ data, I highlight two characteristics of the fronts that were absent from the numerical simulations. First, the spatial scale of planktonic community organization across fronts is much finer than previously thought: the biomass peaks of the various plankton groups are very narrow and are offset by a few kilometers from each other. This result suggests that the structure of the frontal plankton communities is strongly influenced by biotic interactions and transport. The role of transport will be explored through a collaboration on the Lagrangian trajectories of water masses. Second, fronts have a dramatic effect on some filter-feeding zooplankton organisms that are not represented in traditional plankton models, suggesting that these models will need to be made more complex in order to properly simulate the effect of fronts. Thus, the results I obtained during this thesis complement and complicate the mechanistic model established during the last two decades: far from being limited to the production of diatom blooms, fronts are the scene of complex biophysical couplings between top-down and bottom-up biotic interactions and transport by currents that generate planktonic communities with an original taxonomic and spatial structure. The modification of the structure of planktonic communities at ocean fronts could have important consequences on the upper trophic levels and on biogeochemical fluxes that will have to be clarified in the future