Artículos de revistas:

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Sloan, Kerry. "ALWAYS COMING HOME: METIS LEGAL UNDERSTANDINGS OF COMMUNITY AND TERRITORY". Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 33, n.º 1 (29 de enero de 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v33i1.4814.

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Metis ideas of territory are complex, varied and often not well understood. Metis perspectives on intersections of territory and community are likewise not appreciated by Canadian courts. This is evident in the difficulties of Metis rights claimants in British Columbia, where misconceptions about Metis history and traditional use areas have resulted in courts questioning the existence of historic Metis communities in the province. The leading case on Metis rights in Canada, R v Powley, requires claimants to prove there is a historic Metis community in an area where claimed rights are exercised. In BC, courts following Powley in three cases – R v Howse, R v Nunn and R v Willison – have held there are no historic Metis communities in the Kootenays, the south Okanagan, or the Kamloops/Shuswap area. Although these regions comprise only a portion of lands within provincial boundaries, the BC government takes the position there are no Metis communities in the province capable of meeting the Powley test, and thus asserts there can be no Metis Aboriginal rights holders in BC. To challenge this position, and in order to illustrate the multiplicity and richness of Metis legal understandings of territory and community, the author braids family history, narrative, legal analysis and the perspectives of 23 Metis people from the southern BC interior who were involved in or affected by the Howse, Nunn and Willison cases. The author suggests that expansive and nuanced Metis understandings of communities and territories cannot be encompassed by the Powley/Willison definition of a Metis community as “... a group of Métis with a distinctive collective identity, living together in the same geographic area and sharing a common way of life”. While the court’s definition posits history, territory and community as separable, Metis views suggest these concepts are interlinked and mutually constitutive. Les idées des Métis au sujet du territoire sont complexes, diversifiées et souvent mal comprises. Dans la même veine, les tribunaux canadiens ne comprennent pas les points de vue des Métis sur les liens entre le territoire et la communauté. C’est ce qui ressort des difficultés qu’éprouvent les défenseurs des droits des Métis en Colombie-Britannique, où les perceptions erronées au sujet de l’histoire des Métis et des secteurs qu’ils utilisent à des fins traditionnelles ont incité les tribunaux à douter de l’existence de communautés métisses historiques dans la province. Selon l'arrêt clé concernant les droits des Métis au Canada, R. c. Powley, ceux qui revendiquent des droits sont tenus de prouver l’existence d’une communauté métisse historique dans un secteur où les droits revendiqués sont exercés. Dans la foulée de l’arrêt Powley, les tribunaux de la Colombie-Britannique ont conclu, dans les décisions R. c. Howse, R. c. Nunn et R. c. Willison, qu’il n’y a pas de communauté métisse historique dans les Kootenays, dans la région d’Okanagan-Sud ou dans celle de Kamloops/Shuswap. Bien que ces régions ne forment qu’une partie des terres situées à l’intérieur des limites provinciales, le gouvernement de la Colombie-Britannique soutient qu’il n’existe dans la province aucune communauté métisse pouvant satisfaire au critère de l’arrêt Powley, de sorte qu’il ne peut y avoir de titulaires de droits ancestraux métis. Pour affirmer le contraire et illustrer la multiplicité et la richesse des perceptions juridiques du territoire et de la communauté chez les Métis, l’auteur entremêle histoire familiale, récits et analyses juridiques, en plus de présenter les points de vue de 23 groupes de Métis du sud des terres de la Colombie-Britannique qui ont été touchées d’une façon ou d’une autre par les décisions Howse, Nunn et Willison. L’auteur fait valoir que la définition d’une communauté métisse énoncée dans l’arrêt Powley/Willison, soit « un groupe de Métis ayant une identité collectivité distinctive, vivant ensemble dans la même région et partageant un mode de vie commun », ne peut englober les perceptions ouvertes et nuancées des Métis au sujet des communautés et des territoires. Alors que la définition des tribunaux présente l’histoire, le territoire et les communautés comme des concepts distincts, les points de vue des Métis donnent à penser que ces concepts sont interdépendants et mutuellement constitutifs.

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2

Chaves, Paola, Noelle Aarts y Severine van Bommel. "Reconstructing Collective Identity for Peacebuilding: The Indigenous Guard in Northern Cauca – Colombia". Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 27, n.º 4 (2 de octubre de 2018): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569325.2019.1574728.

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3

Flores, Thomas Edward. "Vertical Inequality, Land Reform, and Insurgency in Colombia". Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2014): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0058.

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AbstractHow can we understand the origins and resilience of Colombia’s long-running insurgency? A leading theory emphasizes the feasibility of insurgency, identifying drug trafficking as the main culprit. I propose an alternative theory of civil violence that emphasizes how bargaining over property rights in the face of deep vertical inequality deepens the subordinate group’s social identity, heightens its sense of grievance, and facilitates collective violence. An examination of the history of land reform struggles in Colombia echoes this pattern. Struggles over land reforms in the 1920s and 1930s created new patterns of collective action that helped sustain campesino groups in the “independent republics” of the 1950s and 1960s and the creation of the FARC in 1964. This analysis suggests that the Colombian state’s lack of credibility on issues of land reform demands a significant third-party enforcement of any peace agreement and confidence-building measures between the FARC and the Colombian government.

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4

Martinez Triana, Ivan A. "La Evaluación Docente: Un Análisis de su Impacto en la Identidad Narrativa y la Política Educativa en Colombia". Revista Digital de Educación Discimus 2, n.º 2023 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.61447/20231211/art10.

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This document provides an in-depth examination of teacher assessment within the Colombian context, exploring its influence on teachers' narrative identity and its relationship with educational policy. The text begins by highlighting the significance of teacher assessment in contemporary education and how this practice has become a crucial element in decision-making regarding educators' performance. The analysis focuses on the interplay between teacher assessment, teachers' narrative identity, and educational policies in Colombia. It argues that teacher assessment has largely adopted an economic perspective, leading to the standardization of teaching performance and a narrow view of teachers as mere task executors, at the expense of their role as intellectuals and cultural workers. The text underscores the importance of teacher self-assessment as a means to empower teachers to examine their own performance without fear of punitive measures, fostering a dialogue and a democratic relationship with educational policy. It asserts that teacher assessment should not solely be seen as a deficit-based control tool but rather as a means to improve and transform pedagogical practices, tailored to the specific needs and contexts of the diverse Colombian educational landscape. Ultimately, it suggests that the construction of a collective narrative identity among the teaching faculty and the promotion of democratic dialogue among educational stakeholders are pivotal steps to influence educational policy and ensure that teacher assessment reflects the reality of the teaching and learning processes in Colombia.

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5

Solarte Fuentes, Lina, Clara Camps Calvet, Jordi Bonet-Marti y Elisabet Almeda Samaranch. "The Contribution of Women from the Organized Colombian Diaspora in Catalonia to the Generation of Transnational Human Rights Defense Practices". Colombia Internacional, n.º 119 (11 de julio de 2024): 181–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint119.2024.07.

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Objective/context: To learn about the contributions of women of the organized Colombian diaspora in Catalonia to creating transnational practices in favor of peace and denunciation of human rights violations in Colombia. Specifically, we seek to identify the main actors, organizational spaces, and collective action repertoires developed by Colombian women in Catalonia. Therefore, we approach the literature on the political participation of migrant and exiled women from the perspective of political transnationalism. Methodology: This qualitative and participatory research study examines bibliographic and documentary sources, semi-structured interviews with Colombian women participating in the organized diaspora, and participant observation of mobilizations. Conclusions: The analysis and discussion of the results show that for some women, their participation is based on their exile and previous political involvement. For others, it is driven by the recognition of their condition as migrant subjects, as well as the different axes of inequality that cross them, which allows them to connect their individual discomfort with the collective discomfort of their country of origin and develop new interpretative frameworks and new repertoires of action aimed at sensitizing and influencing the Colombian socio-political reality. Originality: This research contribution allows for further debate on the transnational political role of migrations in a globalized world and what role women can play in it.

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Wealthy Guerrero, Dr David. "Autonomy Perceptions from Teachers of English as a Foreign Language in Diverse Colombian Public Teaching Settings". Studies in English Language Teaching 7, n.º 2 (24 de abril de 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v7n2p148.

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This qualitative descriptive case study reports the features in autonomy dynamics of three Colombian English language teachers in public schools in the District in Bogota Colombia. Three semi-structured interviews and reflective journals were used for data collection. The research question that guided this study was: What perceptions about autonomy do the three Colombian English language teachers have? The general purpose of this investigation was to identify the main features in teachers’ perceptions related to Autonomy. The specific objective was to identify the strategies that promoted autonomy in Teachers of English as a Foreign Language -TEFL- in different public schools in Bogota, Colombia. The study is, therefore, particularly significant as it can play a role in encouraging Colombian English as a Foreign Language -EFL- teachers to relate the factors needed to get a high quality in Education dynamics. Data indicated that the process heightened the teachers’ awareness of ‘self’ and practice. Autonomy also activated both the teachers’ ability to critically reflect on their context as well as focus on positive aspects of their practice through the willingness to improve their academic abilities and research production. Taken together, the findings serve as baseline data to further professional development in language assessment.

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Stocks, Anthony, Manuela Ruiz Reyes y Carlos Andrés Rios-Franco. "GIS and the A'i of Colombia". International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 7, n.º 3 (julio de 2016): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2016070103.

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This paper presents the work of the WCS with the A'i Indigenous people in Colombia as part of a USAID-funded project between 2009 and 2011. The project had several dimensions that make it unusual. Unlike conventional “counter-mapping” attempts to represent Indigenous land claims as a counter to government representations, the project sought to create maps and analyses that represent prior land assignments to the A'i by the Colombian government itself. These land assignments were not supported by geo-referenced maps and, in the case of Indigenous “reserves” the original boundary markers were only known to the oldest of the A'i people. Analysis of forest cover in lands controlled by the A'i reveal that they are highly protective of forests; indeed their collective identity is strongly related to forest cover. The process described also illustrates the difficult position many Indigenous Amazonians face in an era of drug wars, uncontrolled colonization, and in the case of Colombia, the lack of follow-up to the political and social measures envisioned in the 1991 Constitution.

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8

Mazo Quintero, Durley Tatiana. "How Do Identities of Afro-Colombian Women from The Community Council of San Andrés Village Contribute to Their Community Development". Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 7, n.º 6 (17 de mayo de 2024): 9015–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i6.11035.

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Identity leads to conditionate actions in context, and these actions can contribute to community development. This paper will present a historical overview of afro-women in Colombia; will describe how afro-women from the Afrodescendant Community Council of San Andrés village identify themselves. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to discover how afro-women contribute to community development based on their self-identity conception. The research is done following a mixed method with an exploratory sequential design, applying qualitative and quantitative analysis. A new finding is presented that evidences individual and collective identity and their historical and current contribution to the community development of the Afrodescendant Community Council of San Andrés village.

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Mazo Quintero, Durley Tatiana. "How Do Identities of Afro-Colombian Women from The Community Council of San Andrés Village Contribute to Their Community Development". Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 7, n.º 6 (14 de diciembre de 2023): 649–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i6.8717.

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Identity leads to conditionate actions in context, and these actions can contribute to community development. This paper will present a historical overview of afro-women in Colombia; will describe how afro-women from the Afrodescendant Community Council of San Andrés village identify themselves. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to discover how afro-women contribute to community development based on their self-identity conception. The research is done following a mixed method with an exploratory sequential design, applying qualitative and quantitative analysis. A new finding is presented that evidences individual and collective identity and their historical and current contribution to the community development of the Afrodescendant Community Council of San Andrés village.

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10

Agudelo-Vélez, Laura, Iván Sarmiento-Ordosgoitia y Jorge Córdoba-Maquilón. "Virtual reality as a new tool for transport data collection". Archives of Transport 60, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2021): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5392.

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Transport studies that adopt complex analyses present methodological challenges that lead to the use of innovative techniques to address the limitations of traditional methods. In the Latin American context, people consider security as a relevant variable in their daily lives. Thus, when people travel around the city and choose a mode of transport, secu-rity becomes an important factor and should therefore be included in transport studies. However, the definition of security in terms of transport in the Colombian context remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the security percep-tion effect on transport mode choice by addressing security as a latent variable consisting of three elements: environ-ment, subject and transport mode. We proposed the use of virtual reality (VR) to recreate travel routes and offer partic-ipants a scenario of choice closer to the natural conditions of a trip. The participants were provided routes in the form of immersive 3D videos recreating natural trip conditions to identify their choices and travel behaviour. Recordings were made of daily scenarios and existing urban environments portraying real and active modes of transport, giving respondents an almost-natural experience. The use of 360-degree immersive videos offers a multisensory experience allowing both the capture of socioeconomic and travel information and the collection of journey perception. The experiment evaluated two environments in Medellín, Colombia (secure (E1) and insecure (E2)) and studied the effects of lighting conditions (day (D) and night (N)). A total of four videos (E1D, E1N, E2D and E2N) depicting six transport modes in tandem were assessed by 92 participants from Medellín and Bogotá, Colombia. We found that environment-associated security perception varies depending on the time of the journey (day/night) and one’s familiarity with the environment. The research results position VR as a tool that offers high potential to support transport studies. We found that people’s movements, gestures and expressions while participating in the VR experiments resembled what was expected from journeys in reality. VR constitutes a relevant tool for transport studies, as it allows for an assessment of active transport mode perceptions. It prevents participants from being exposed to the risk associated with travel to specific places and carries out several routes in different transport modes even when participants cannot or have never undertaken journeys in the modes under assessment.

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Pérez-Rojas, Katherin y Carolina Herrera Carvajal. "Situation actuelle de l'évaluation de l'anglais comme langue étrangère en Colombie". Cuadernos de Lingüística Hispánica, n.º 43 (13 de junio de 2024): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/uptc.0121053x.n43.2024.16675.

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This article presents the current status of bibliographical production of the research in the field of assessment of English as a foreign language in Colombia. A collection and analysis of the main Colombian academic production related to the principles, definitions, and criteria of EFL assessment was conducted in order to identify the most relevant topics. Following an analysis of the data, four main areas were identified as the most relevant for research purposes: teachers’ assessment literacy, assessment of language skills, alternative assessment, and standardized testing. The four areas of agreement identified in this study are united by a common concern: the necessity for teachers to have access to robust and continuous professional development programs that encompass not only theoretical foundations and literacies about assessment, but also practical tools and instruments that can be utilized in any EFL context.

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12

Lopez-Flores, Pabel-Camilo. "Territorial Re-existences of Indigenous Movements in the Andean-Amazon Region." Anduli, n.º 25 (2024): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/anduli.2024.i25.01.

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Movements by indigenous peoples against neoliberal extractivist processes in Latin America have traditionally employed strategies focused on territorial recognition of their identity and culture. The issue under investigation is the recent resurgence of post-extractivist territorial-based social movements that are using strategies based on innovative economic models and creative development. The objective is to study these territorial social movements and socioecological conflicts by analyzing cases in the Andean-Amazonian region in Bolivia and Colombia. The methodology is qualitative and ethnographic, based on interviews and documentary analysis. In the case of the Rositas River in Bolivia, indigenous communities and producers have organized to oppose the construction of a dam and hydroelectric project. In the Colombian region of Cauca, the dispute is over 20,000 hectares of sugarcane monoculture where the local community is fighting to grow corn, beans and yucca. The common characteristics of these movements are ecofeminist involvement, autonomous forms of collective action and political experimentation, new languages, and patterns of struggle and mobilization including the deployment of international alliances

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Rodríguez-Sánchez, Andrea y Alberto Cabedo-Mas. "Temporary musical identity as a tool for rebuilding social place". International Journal of Community Music 13, n.º 3 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijcm_00029_1.

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The armed conflict in Colombia leaves many families with no other option than to be displaced, which affects their social status and identity. This article reprises a qualitative study that analyses the life histories of eight families, all of whom were victims of the armed conflict, whose children participate in the Batuta National Foundation’s ‘Music for Reconciliation’ programme. The results of the study indicate that displacement impacted identity, resulting in the unsettlement of the social place of the participants. This was due to their anonymous state on arrival at their new places, with no support networks or social recognition. Together with the distrust created by the violence experienced, this led to attitudes of isolation, through which the individual became increasingly vulnerable to the dynamics of violence. This text analyses the concept of temporary musical identity, and the results show the possibilities that collective musical spaces offer for restoring the social place of the participants.

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Brown, Eric C., Pablo Montero-Zamora, Francisco Cardozo-Macías, María Fernanda Reyes-Rodríguez, John S. Briney, Juliana Mejía-Trujillo y Augusto Pérez-Gómez. "A Comparison of Cut Points for Measuring Risk Factors for Adolescent Substance Use and Antisocial Behaviors in the U.S. and Colombia". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 2 (8 de enero de 2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020470.

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As the identification and targeting of salient risk factors for adolescent substance use become more widely used globally, an essential question arises as to whether U.S.-based cut points in the distributions of these risk factors that identify “high” risk can be used validly in other countries as well. This study examined proportions of youth at “high” risk using different empirically derived cut points in the distributions of 18 measured risk factors. Data were obtained from large-scale samples of adolescents in Colombia and the United States. Results indicated that significant (p < 0.05) differences in the proportions of “high” risk youth were found in 38.9% of risk factors for 6th graders, 61.1% for 8th graders, and 66.6% for 10th graders. Colombian-based cut points for determining the proportion of Colombian youth at “high” risk were preferable to U.S.-based cut points in almost all comparisons that exhibited a significant difference. Our findings suggest that observed differences were related to the type of risk factor (e.g., drug specific vs. non-drug specific). Findings from this study demonstrate the need for collecting large-scale national data on risk factors for adolescent substance use and developing country-specific cut points based on the distributions of these measures to avoid misidentification of youth at “high” risk.

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15

Brown, Eric C., Pablo Montero-Zamora, Francisco Cardozo-Macías, María Fernanda Reyes-Rodríguez, John S. Briney, Juliana Mejía-Trujillo y Augusto Pérez-Gómez. "A Comparison of Cut Points for Measuring Risk Factors for Adolescent Substance Use and Antisocial Behaviors in the U.S. and Colombia". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 2 (8 de enero de 2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020470.

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As the identification and targeting of salient risk factors for adolescent substance use become more widely used globally, an essential question arises as to whether U.S.-based cut points in the distributions of these risk factors that identify “high” risk can be used validly in other countries as well. This study examined proportions of youth at “high” risk using different empirically derived cut points in the distributions of 18 measured risk factors. Data were obtained from large-scale samples of adolescents in Colombia and the United States. Results indicated that significant (p < 0.05) differences in the proportions of “high” risk youth were found in 38.9% of risk factors for 6th graders, 61.1% for 8th graders, and 66.6% for 10th graders. Colombian-based cut points for determining the proportion of Colombian youth at “high” risk were preferable to U.S.-based cut points in almost all comparisons that exhibited a significant difference. Our findings suggest that observed differences were related to the type of risk factor (e.g., drug specific vs. non-drug specific). Findings from this study demonstrate the need for collecting large-scale national data on risk factors for adolescent substance use and developing country-specific cut points based on the distributions of these measures to avoid misidentification of youth at “high” risk.

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Montes Montoya, Angélica. "Ethnies multiples et nation unique multiplicite ethnique et unite nationale: le cas colombien". Criterios 2, n.º 1 (15 de junio de 2009): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20115733.1897.

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Au moment où lidentité culturelle collective1 est au centre des débats politiques en France, il nous semble important de parler de la façon dont cet aspect a été traité ailleurs en Amérique latine. Dans une région comme lAmérique latine, où au début du XIXème siècle lidentité était bien définie en termes de religion et de race. Elle était au centre de la formation de la nation moderne, limportance associée à lidée dappartenance à un « groupe ethnique » simpose de plus en plus, et mérite que lon sarrête sur la définition de Nation pluriethnique et sur le processus qui laccompagne : le multiculturalisme politique.

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Pérez-Rivera, Carlos J., Nicolás Lozano-Suárez, Alejandro Velandia-Sánchez, Camilo A. Polanía-Sandoval, Juan P. García-Méndez, Sharon V. Idarraga-Ayala, Julián M. Corso-Ramírez et al. "Perioperative mortality in Colombia: perspectives of the fourth indicator inThe LancetCommission on Global Surgery – Colombian Surgical Outcomes Study (ColSOS) – a protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study". BMJ Open 12, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2022): e063182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063182.

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IntroductionDeath following surgical procedures is a global health problem, accounting for 4.2 million deaths annually within the first 30 postoperative days. The fourth indicator ofThe LancetCommission on Global Surgery is essential as it seeks to standardise postoperative mortality. Consequently, it helps identify the strengths and weaknesses of each country’s healthcare system. Accurate information on this indicator is not available in Colombia, limiting the possibility of interventions applied to our population. We aim to describe the in-hospital perioperative mortality of the surgical procedures performed in Colombia. The data obtained will help formulate public policies, improving the quality of the surgical departments.Methods and analysisAn observational, analytical, multicentre prospective cohort study will be conducted throughout Colombia. Patients over 18 years of age who have undergone a surgical procedure, excluding radiological/endoscopic procedures, will be included. A sample size of 1353 patients has been projected to achieve significance in our primary objective; however, convenience sampling will be used, as we aim to include all possible patients. Data collection will be carried out prospectively for 1 week. Follow-up will continue until hospital discharge, death or a maximum of 30 inpatient days. The primary outcome is perioperative mortality. A descriptive analysis of the data will be performed, along with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related and hospital-related conditionsEthics and disseminationThe Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología Ethics Committee approved this study (No. 41–2021). The results are planned to be disseminated in three scenarios: the submission of an article for publication in a high-impact scientific journal and presentations at the Colombian Surgical Forum and the Congress of the American College of Surgeons.Trial registration numberNCT05147623.

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Green, W. John. "Left Liberalism and Race in the Evolution of Colombian Popular National Identity". Americas 57, n.º 1 (julio de 2000): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500030224.

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Though a nation of discordant regionalism and historically weak central institutions, Colombia can paradoxically claim strong currents of popular national identity. It is well known that long centuries of relative economic isolation, coupled with Colombia's largely subsistence internal economy and torturous topography, provided few opportunities to integrate the nation's different regions. Such conditions resulted in fractured regional identities and racial compositions. What few links to the world market Colombia enjoyed before the late nineteenth century came from the mining of gold, with short episodes of tobacco and quinine exportation. Only in the 1880s and later did coffee production finally reorient the nation's economy and introduce new questions of land tenure and social relations. Colombia's fiercely partisan political system evolved during the nineteenth century, therefore, when the country was still overwhelmingly rural, inward-looking, and little more than a collection of semi-autonomous regions. Keith Christie noted that before the 1950s, regionalism was so strong that “Bogotá was essentially just another provincial capital.” As a consequence, the national army in the nineteenth century seldom proved more powerful than the many rebel armies it faced. Indeed, according to the basic Weberian definition of the “state” as the entity that controls a monopoly on the legitimate use of force, and evidenced by the fact that the national government still does not control large portions of the country's territory, Colombia's central state structures continue to be glaringly weak at the end of the twentieth century.

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Urzúa, Alfonso, Diego Henríquez, Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar y Rodrigo Landabur. "Ethnic Identity and Collective Self-Esteem Mediate the Effect of Anxiety and Depression on Quality of Life in a Migrant Population". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 1 (24 de diciembre de 2021): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010174.

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Migration processes can often trigger negative interactions with the context, generating problems in both the physical and mental health of migrants, which have an impact on both their well-being and their quality of life. In this framework, the research aimed to assess the mediating effect of ethnic identity and collective self-esteem on the inverse relationship between mental health problems and quality of life. Data were collected from 908 first-generation Colombian migrants living in Chile, of whom 50.2% were women and with an average age of 35 years. They were assessed with The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL)-Bref, Smith’s ethnic identity questionnaire, Basabe’s collective self-esteem, and Beck’s Anxiety and Depression questionnaires. The results provide evidence that both collective self-esteem and ethnic identity exert a partial mediation effect on the relationship between anxiety and depression on quality of life. The study provides evidence of the protective role that the maintenance and reinforcement of ethnic identity and collective self-esteem can have, with a view to strengthening the planning of interventions both in the field of prevention of mental health problems and in the improvement of quality of life based on evidence.

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Solano Cahuana, Iris Laudith. "Women’s scarcity in academic governance. Gendered identity or gendered processes?" Vezetéstudomány - Budapest Management Review 52, n.º 5 (14 de mayo de 2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/veztud.2021.05.03.

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This article contributes to the empirical evidence for women’s scarcity in academic governance. The study evaluates to what extend women lean towards non-management careers and dismiss opportunities to attain executive roles in Colombian public universities, as well as the support received when they break the paradigm. The purpose was to determine whether gendered practices are ingrained in the designation process or whether women’s scarcity is the outcome of individual attributes/choices and collective perceptions of inadequacy. Data was collected from universities’ proceedings, opinion polls of rectors’ designations, and candidates’ curricula. Findings show low female candidacy rate but high public support for female candidates to the rector’s seat among all universities examined. Also, curricula’s in-depth analyses display women’s preference for male-dominated careers and analogous academic/administrative experience to that of male candidates. Hence, the results challenge explanations presented by human capital and congruity prejudice theories, while leaning towards gendered processes and identities.

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Cerinza, Diana Quiceno. "Application of the Investigator Argus X-12 QS Kit and the Famlinkx Software for Solving Complex Kinship Forensic Genetics Cases in Colombia: Case Report". International Journal of Forensic Sciences 9, n.º 1 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000347.

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X-chromosome short tandem repeats (X-STRs) genotyping is a powerful ¬tool in forensic genetics for resolving intricate kinship cases due to its distinctive inheritance pattern. It proves particularly valuable in scenarios where the application of autosomal (A-STR) and Y-chromosomal STR (Y-STR) markers falls short in addressing such cases, especially those involving complex situations and kinship analyses encompassing extensive and incomplete pedigrees. The recent advancement and implementation of the Argus X-12 QS kit along with the FamilinkX software for X-STR analysis have facilitated the resolution of forensic cases that were formerly inconclusive or not received by the laboratory due to their high complexity. This article delineates seven intricate cases of kinship and identification conducted at the Forensic Genetics Laboratory of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences in Bogotá, Colombia, in instances where autosomal STRs yielded non-conclusive or weak likelihood ratio (LR) values, the combination of the Argus X-12 QS kit and the FamilinkX software proved instrumental in elucidating and enhancing LR values, thereby leading to conclusive outcomes. The article details a case involving the confirmation of the identity of a body retrieved from water, which was subsequently returned to the institute by its relatives for identification. It also encompasses cases involving maternal half-siblings, complex pedigrees with paternal half-aunts, and others. In each scenario, the total LR was estimated by combining the LR of autosomal STRs (LR AS-STR) with the LR of X-STRs (LR X-STR), utilizing the population frequency database specific to Colombia. Additionally, the LRs of X-STRs obtained using population frequency data from Colombia were compared with those from Mexico. The data derived from both the Mexican and Colombian populations exhibited a high degree of similarity. The collective LR values substantiate the efficacy of X-STR markers, particularly in resolving cases of maternal half-siblings. The analysis underscores the robust informativeness of the 12 X-STR loci examined in the context of forensic testing

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Torres Cepeda, Nancy Maria y Bertha Ramos Holguín. "The dynamic process of student-teachers’ construction of identity as future teachers". Cuadernos de Lingüística Hispánica, n.º 38 (19 de julio de 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/0121053x.n38.2021.11205.

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This paper reports the findings of a qualitative narrative-inquiry study aimed at exploring what English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) student-teachers’ life stories revealed about their identity construction as future teachers. The project was carried out among eighth-semester student-teachers from a public university in Tunja, Boyaca (Colombia). Hence, the data collection drew upon written life stories and in-depth interviews. Findings suggest that there are some critical factors that helped student-teachers construct their identities as future EFL teachers. These factors are all tied to previous experiences of student-teachers as language learners themselves, a connection and affiliation they establish with their teacher educators as projected images they have of themselves as future teachers. Moreover, real teaching experiences were opportunities for student-teachers to make sense of the myriad issues education involves, which made them, develop positions towards education as future teachers.

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Arévalo-Támara, Andrea, Mauricio Orozco-Fontalvo y Víctor Cantillo. "Factors Influencing Crash Frequency on Colombian Rural Roads". Promet - Traffic&Transportation 32, n.º 4 (9 de julio de 2020): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v32i4.3385.

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Traffic crashes in Colombia have become a public health problem causing about 7,000 deaths and 45,000 severe injuries per year. Around 40% of these events occur on rural roads, taking note that the vulnerable users (pedestrians, motorcyclists, cyclists) account for the largest percentage of the victims. The objective of this research is to identify the factors that influence the frequency of crashes, including the singular orography of the country. For this purpose, we estimated Negative Binomial (Poisson-gamma) regression, Zero-inflated model, and generalized the linear mixed model, thus developing a comparative analysis of results in the Colombian context. The data used in the study came from the official sources regarding records about crashes with consequences; that is, with the occurrence of fatalities or injuries on the Colombian roads. For collecting the highway characteristics, an in-field inventory was conducted, gathering information about both infrastructure and operational parameters in more than three thousand kilometres of the national network. The events were geo-referenced, with registries of vehicles, involved victims, and their condition. The results suggest that highways in flat terrain have higher crash frequency than highways in rolling or mountainous terrain. Besides, the presence of pedestrians, the existence of a median and the density of intersections per kilometre also increase the probability of crashes. Meanwhile, roads with shoulders and wide lanes have lower crash frequency. Specific interventions in the infrastructure and control for reducing crashes risk attending the modelling results have been suggested.

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Del Rio Cortina, Jorge, Carlos Rodríguez Arias, Naomi López Espitia y Diego Cardona Arbeláez. "Prospective and territorial development in island areas: empirical evidence from Bocachica-Colombia". Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, n.º 4 (5 de diciembre de 2019): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.15.

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The objective of this article is the construction of future stages in the framework of territorial development for the Island of Bocachica in Colombia through collective construction among state community and participating researchers that was intended to provide the territory inputs for reflection on the future of the Island, from its historical vocation and economic development of the island. Three methods were used: structural analysis, analysis of actors, and construction of stages. The first allowed to identify the key factors in the political, economic, social, and environmental dimensions, highlighting those key variables that dynamize the transformations in the system; secondly, the analysis of actors, which contributed to determining the relations between the key actors of the territory and their degree of power, as well as their convergences and divergences with respect to the key variables identified in the structural analysis. Finally, the construction of stages made it possible to identify three future scenarios with high probability of occurrence. The most important findings of the research show that, if the trend continues in the Island with respect to its territorial development, it is more likely that the economic and social problems it currently presents will continue.

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Castro, Juana. "Dispute Resolution in Indigenous Communities in Colombia". European Journal of Conflict Management 3, n.º 2 (16 de abril de 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejcm.1419.

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Purpose: This study aims to examine dispute resolution approaches in indigenous communities in Colombia. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Results: The literature review on dispute resolution in indigenous communities reveals significant impacts, including changes in conflict management approaches, mediator roles and dispute outcomes. Indigenous mechanisms emphasize community values, identity and autonomy, influencing contemporary practices. However, integration also raises concerns about cultural preservation, land rights and self-governance. Balancing indigenous principles with state laws proves difficult. Strict adherence to community doctrines limits innovation while adaptations threaten cultural heritage. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study offers a unique contribution to understanding complex relationships between indigenous mediation, identity, governance and conflict resolution. It emphasizes the need for nuanced, balanced and progressive approaches enabling positive coordination of community interests with state responsibilities. The research contributes to theories of indigenous rights, cultural preservation and democratic inclusion by exploring how dispute resolution influences and is shaped by these concepts. It shows community doctrines can guide mediation methods promoting harmony, identity and autonomy, with important implications for diversity, equality and civil liberties. Practices must balance indigenous knowledge and state procedures, community governance and national authority. Mediators negotiate intricate relationships and trade-offs between indigenous principles and statutory laws. Policymakers need sensitive and thoughtful frameworks considering indigenous mediation within official policies and systems.

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Lopez Severiche, Alfredo. "Aceptación, adaptación y adopción: La clave para que los refugiados colombianos en Nueva Zelanda superen las barreras de la pertenencia". Pensamiento Americano 15, n.º 29 (1 de mayo de 2022): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21803/penamer.15.29.454.

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Introduction: This article examines the barriers of integration that Colombian refugees confront in New Zealand, including culture shock, lack of English, unemployment, discrimination, relationship with others and issues of identity. It argues for a three-pronged framework of acceptance, adaptation and adoption in facilitating integration. Thirteen Colombian refugees resettled from Ecuador took part in this research, who came to New Zealand between 2007 and 2014. Objective: This research seeks to explore the barriers that impact the integration of Colombian refugees in New Zealand. Also, to fill this gap in the literature by providing new knowledge on the subject already described. Methodology: The qualitative methodological approach of this study is an ethnographic collection of oral stories. Oral history interviews, a focus group and personal diaries were used as data collection methods. Results: The findings of this study show that Colombian refugees face challenges that put at risk their integration into New Zealand’s society, the main challenges faced by them are culture shock, lack of English, unemployment, discrimination, relationship with others and issues of identity. Conclusion: Despite the challenges already mentioned, the development of qualities such as acceptance, adaptation and adoption has contributed to overcoming these barriers and achieving their integration in New Zealand.

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Moreno-López, Nidia Milena, Ramiro Andrés Colmenares-Cruz, Herman Leandro Hincapié-Granada, Manuela Valentina Espitia-Moreno y Andrea Isabel Barrera-Siabato. "Exploring traditional Colombian foods and customs: a contemporary perspective on ancestral products". TransAmerica Review 2, n.º 1 (30 de mayo de 2024): e24002. http://dx.doi.org/10.62910/3ny6qm58.

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The OIR, Regional Intersystemic Observatory, of the Colombian Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), as one of the organizational devices that comprehensively and collectively manages community outreach strategies, energizes service learning through interaction and participatory action with the territories in one of its lines of work. From this perspective, a work with an exploratory and descriptive methodological approach was developed in four representative regions of Colombia: Andean, Caribbean, Orinoquia and Pacific in order to identify uses, customs and perspectives of new generations in relation to their own ancestral foods of each territory. Through 559 surveys applied in each area, the use, acquisition, conservation, transmission and symbolic value of these were addressed in the face of the problem of food security and their articulation with peasant-based social organizations, being peasant activity or also called small-scale family agriculture who contribute significantly to the micro-territories. Among the main results are: the linking of ancestral foods as a differential factor in the development of communities, as well as the relevance of geographical location compared to habits, uses and transmission of traditions to future generations.

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Pattillo, Mary, Rosa Emilia Bermúdez Rico y Ana María Mosquera Guevara. "ESTAMOS DISTANCIADOS". Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 18, n.º 1 (2021): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x21000047.

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AbstractA Black middle class has emerged in many Latin American countries. Yet given the fluidity of Black identity, it is unclear if socioeconomic gains will result in the consolidation of a Black middle-class group identity with a sense of political responsibility or purpose. In this article, we use qualitative interviews with twenty-two Black professionals in Cali, Colombia, plus a small convenience survey, to explore the following research questions: Does the intersection of being Black and middle class cohere into a group identity? If so, does it translate into a Black political consciousness? And if not, what are the obstacles? We find that while respondents individually identify with a Black middle-class label, they do not experience it as a group that feels symbolic bonds of attachment or acts in a coordinated or mutually cognizant manner. It is a category without shape or coherence. It is amorphous. There are four primary explanations for Black middle class amorphism: the absence of shared or positive markers of collective Black identity; a lack of organizational infrastructure; taboos against organizing along racial lines in the workplace; and a strong individualist ethos towards protecting opportunities and enhancing personal status. We situate our findings within the field of Black politics to discuss what might be lost or gained by this amorphism.

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Fernandez Hurtado, Saul Rick y Luz Angela Martinez Martinez. "Challenges to Undertake and Innovate in Colombia: Is the New Problematic of the 21st Century?" International Education Studies 11, n.º 3 (25 de febrero de 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v11n3p29.

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Entrepreneurship in general brings with it certain challenges and risks, which generate a long learning path before reaching success; Colombia for example, there is a complex panorama, the entrepreneurs are limited, and the entrepreneurship projects are not executed with totality. Therefore, the article´ objective is to identify the main factors that impede the work of undertaking in Colombia; supported by sources of descriptive information from previous studies focused on the transition from academia to industry, which were elaborated by recent students and graduates students in Colombia. The above, allowed to synthesize that the main obstacles of entrepreneurship are framed in collective and cultural thinking, or academic training in the face of entrepreneurship where a bureaucracy, tramitology and innovation end with the visible need to restructure sociocultural and business models, generating an efficient and constant transition that leads to the economic development of the country increasing, in turn, the quality of life of society.

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MONTOYA, Jorge Alberto, Diego Alexander ESCOBAR y Carlos Alberto MONCADA. "PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION THROUGH THE CLUSTERING ANALYSIS OF BUS STOPS. CASE STUDY MANIZALES, COLOMBIA". GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 56, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2024): 1448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.56401-1315.

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The objective of this research is to identify the main characteristics and geographical distribution of bus stops, associated with collective public transport systems, through data analysis techniques that can identify clustering patterns based on various characteristics of the stops, such as geographical location, passenger flow, service demand, land use, etc. number of routes available, slope of the road, signage, among other relevant factors. The main result of this study is that t he current layout of the stops is distributed according to the main characteristics of their environment, allowing us to conclude that the grouping of transport stops facilitates the interpretation of the location and operability of the stops, thus allowi ng to improve decision-making in the implementation of stops, guaranteeing an adequate operation of the service without compromising coverage and travel time of users.

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Bonilla-Salazar, Edna Mercedes. "Tuning the Chords of Youth Identity: A Community-Based Project Focused on Music in English". GiST Education and Learning Research Journal 18 (21 de junio de 2019): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26817/16925777.485.

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This is an exploratory case study implemented in a public school of Ibagué Colombia, that reports findings of a qualitative research. In this study tenth graders EFL students, explored into their local contexts, salient aspects of youth identity, that emerged from interaction with music in English. The study is framed on some basic principles of Critical Pedagogy (CP) and foundations of Community- Based Pedagogies (CBP). Content data analysis was used to examine the information obtained from the different tools of data collection: community mapping, questionnaires, recorded semi-structured interviews and notes in the teacher’s journal. Finally, member checking was implemented to validate data and to increase the credibility and validity of this qualitative study. Conclusions and pedagogical implications reveal how local inquiries focused on music in English become a source for language learning and enlighten curriculum designers and teachers towards the construction of a flexible curriculum with relevant content, oriented to youth identity exploration and understanding

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Cabrera, Martin, Leidi Yoana Zamudio Garnica y Isabel Cristina Martínez Farfán. "How distance learning based on inclusion led to the proposal of a distributed access research strategy (DARS)". Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 35, n.º 6 (28 de diciembre de 2019): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ajet.5525.

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This article presents the results from an investigation that used a qualitative perspective of a descriptive type to identify the inclusive educational processes from 707 preschool and primary education schools in Colombia, distributed around 26 territorial units out of a total of 32. To obtain all this information around the country, a data collection strategy was applied, which we named the distributed access research strategy (DARS). All the data was collected by tertiary education students from two programs of the Faculty of Education, Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana in Colombia. The results revealed that most preschools and primary schools have documented institutional educational plans referencing diversity and inclusion for their students, but they have difficulties in establishing strategies to identify and implement curricular adaptations within their contexts, as well as with the use of tracking instruments. These results generated a reflection for reviewing the syllabus and study plans in the tertiary education programs at this university to better prepare future teachers who will face such scenarios in their locations across the country. Moreover, this new DARS data-collection strategy shows an interesting potential, which is generic enough to enable unlimited research topics to be explored within distance learning contexts.

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Torres Tovar, Mauricio. "Acción social colectiva por el derecho a la salud, Bogotá, 1994-2010". REVISTA CONTROVERSIA, n.º 197 (1 de diciembre de 2011): 232–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54118/controver.vi197.795.

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A finales del año 1993 Colombia estableció a través de la Ley 100 una política de Estado en salud que tiene como base el aseguramiento individual a un mercado de servicios de atención a la enfermedad. El desarrollo de este sistema de salud ha generado impactos negativos sobre la garantía del derecho a la salud de la población, razón por lo cual se fue estableciendo un campo de contienda política por el control de la salud en el país. L articulo describe y analiza las acciones sociales colectivas por el derecho a la salud realizadas después de la expedición de la Ley 100 y hasta el 2010, teniendo como estudio de caso la ciudad de Bogotá. Se hace una caracterización de lo que fueron estas acciones sociales colectivas tanto contenciosas como no contenciosas, permitiendo evidenciar que, producto de la realización de estas acciones colectivas se pudo avanzar en la construcción de una identidad colectiva alrededor de la comprensión de la salud como derecho humano y se configuro un movimiento social capaz de ganar la contienda política y establecer las decisiones necesarias para transformación el campo de la salud a favor de los sectores sociales que demandan la garantía del derecho a la salud. Collective Social Action for the Right to Health, Bogotá, 1994-2010 Through the law 100 Colombia established at the end of 1993 a health policy that is based on the individual access of services market of the care disease. The development of this health system has resulted in negative impacts on the guaranteed right to health for the population, and it was establishing a field of political struggle for control of health in the country. The article describes and analyzes the collective social actions for the right to health made after the expedition of law 100 until 2010, taking Bogota as a case study. A characterization of these collective social actions, both contentious and non-contentious, shows how it has advanced in the construction of a collective identity around the understanding of health as a human right. The article also pinpoints how social movement for the right to health was configured, but without producing a political subject capabla of winning in the political contest, and establishing the necessary decisions for transforming the health field for the social sectors that demand the guarantee of the right to health. Keywords: Colombia, Right to Health, Collective Action, Political Struggle, Health System.

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Carvajal-Tapia, Juliana Isabel, Rolando Barahona-Rosales, Joaquín Castro-Montoya, Jacobo Arango y Nelson José Vivas-Quila. "Nutritional and biomass evaluation of a Megathyrsus maximus collection in a dry tropical climate in Colombia". Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 11, n.º 1 (31 de enero de 2023): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(11)11-21.

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Agronomic and nutritional parameters of a set of 28 accessions of Megathyrsus maximus established in Colombia during the rainy season were evaluated to identify accessions with differences in nutritional quality and characterize germplasm of M. maximus. ANOVA and multivariate analysis showed differences among accessions. Agronomic variables such as plant height, dry matter yield and green fresh weight were not correlated with nutritional variables. Flowering affected nutritional quality (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and relative feed value). Flowering, fiber content, digestibility and crude protein content had the most influence on forage quality of M. maximus. The integral evaluation of biomass and nutritional parameters showed that the set of 28 M. maximus accessions contained 2 accessions with high nutritional quality and competitive biomass production. Heterogeneity of the collection in nutritional and agronomic assessments supports plant-breeding and offers alternatives for cattle producers in the tropics.

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Ibarra Melo, María Eugenia. "Transformaciones y fracturas identitarias de las mujeres en la acción colectiva por la paz". La Manzana de la Discordia 2, n.º 2 (11 de marzo de 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v2i2.1402.

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Resumen: Este artículo analiza las transformacionesidentitarias de las mujeres como resultado de suparticipación política en las acciones colectivas porla paz en Colombia. Aborda, de forma panorámica,los principales atributos sociales y el proceso deincorporación de las integrantes de dos grandesalianzas: la Ruta Pacífica de las Mujeres por la Paz yla Iniciativa de Mujeres Colombianas por la Paz.Dedica mayor atención a las modificaciones en sustrayectorias de vida y los riesgos que asumen alsubvertir los tradicionales estereotipos de género, enuna sociedad con conflicto armado como lacolombiana. Por último, se detiene en el análisis de lareinterpretación de la maternidad y cómo ésta producenuevas fracturas identitarias y contribuye a la definiciónde un nuevo sujeto político que reclama alEstado y a los actores armados frenar la guerra paraconseguir la paz.Palabras clave: mujeres y paz, identidad femenina,maternidad política, participación políticaAbstract: This article analyses the identity transformationsof women as a result of their political participationand their collective actions for peace in Colombia. Itcovers, in a panoramic view, the main social attributesand the process of incorporation of the members oftwo great alliances: Ruta Pacífica de las Mujeres porla Paz and Iniciativa de Mujeres colombianas por laPaz. (Women’s Pacific Route for Peace and ColombianWomen’s Peace Initiative). It focuses mainly in themodifications of their life journey and the risks theytake on when they confront the traditional stereotypesabout gender, in a society going through an armedconflict, such as Colombia. Finally, it undertakes theanalysis of their reinterpretation of motherhood andhow this produces fractures in their identity andcontributes to the definition of a new political subjectthat demands actions from the state and otherparticipants in the conflict in order to stop the warand reach peace.Key Words: women and peace; female identity;political maternity; political participation

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Steele, Abbey. "Electing Displacement: Political Cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia". Journal of Conflict Resolution 55, n.º 3 (30 de mayo de 2011): 423–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002711400975.

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This article highlights a nefarious effect of elections during civil wars by demonstrating that they can facilitate the displacement of civilians. In contrast to the perception of displacement as haphazard, the author argues that armed groups displace strategically when they attempt to gain control over a territory, and where they have information about civilians’ loyalties. Although inferring preferences is difficult in the context of civil wars, elections conducted before or during a violent conflict are one way that armed groups can identify local cleavages and ‘‘disloyal’’ residents. The author tests implications of the argument with original, microlevel quantitative and qualitative data from northwest Colombia. Using voter files and disaggregated electoral returns, the author shows that residents in urban neighborhoods that supported the insurgent-backed political party, the Patriotic Union (UP), were more likely to leave the city of Apartadó than were neighbors in other districts. However, residents of the nearby rural communities that supported the UP were the least likely to leave. The author traces the patterns of violence across the communities using local archival materials and interviews to assess how well the argument accounts for the variation observed, and to explore the unexpected outcome in the rural area. While the author finds that counterinsurgents attempted strategic displacement in both the city and the mountains, they only succeeded in the urban areas because residents of the rural hamlets were uniquely able to overcome the collective action problem that strategic displacement generates. The findings demonstrate that political identities are relevant for patterns of violence, and that cleansing occurs even in nonethnic civil wars.

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Quiroga-Cardona, Julio, Vitor Manuel Pinto Várzea, Esther Cecilia Montoya-Restrepo, Álvaro León Gaitán-Bustamante y Claudia Patricia Flórez-Ramos. "Potential of the Colombian Coffee Collection as a Source of Genetic Resistance to Colletotrichum kahawae JM Waller PD Bridge". Agronomy 14, n.º 10 (3 de octubre de 2024): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102277.

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Coffee berry disease (CBD) is not present in the Americas and presents a potential risk for growing coffee. Therefore, Colombia, which has been in scientific cooperation with the Centro de Investigação de Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC) of Portugal for more than 30 years, has been evaluating the genetic resistance of nine populations of C. arabica to 13 isolates of Colletotrichum kahawae JM Waller and PD Bridge, which are diverse in terms of aggressiveness and geographical origin. The phenotypes observed in the interaction between C. arabica and C. kahawae were used to develop a statistically reliable scale (p-value ≥ 0.001) to categorize resistance in C. arabica into five classes, and this scale was used to classify the nine populations of C. arabica evaluated. The results allowed us to corroborate the potential of Timor Hybrid CIFC 1343 (TH CIFC 1343) as a source of genetic resistance to CBD and to identify new genetic sources not yet explored for the development of varieties in Colombia that may eventually mitigate the effects of CBD in the face of increasing rainfall events and minimum temperatures due to climate change, which can favor disease development. Additionally, the results suggest that the existence of races in the C. arabica–C. kahawae complex is probable, and a selection of genotypes was identified as a possible differential series of races in C. kahawae.

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Chesnokova, Olga Stanislavovna y Marija Radović. "Demonyms in the Pacific Alliance countries: morphological and semantic variation". Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 1017–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-4-1017-1048.

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The existing research on onomastics does not sufficiently reflect upon the relation between cultural codes and demonyms, having in mind that demonyms universally represent linguistic devices for expressing territorial and regional identity. The article focuses on the complex polyparadigmal analysis of the system of demonyms related to the macrotoponymy of the four founding countries of the Pacific Alliance: Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Each of the four founding countries of the Pacific Alliance is characterised by the uniqueness of its culture, historical development, the specifics of the national variant of Spanish that reflects the indigenous influence of substrates and the collective values of the society. The research tasks of the article consist in systemising the morphological devices and the cultural layers of demonyms connected with the administrative division of given countries, detecting the variation parameters, comparing them from the linguacultural point of view. The main material of the research have been 100 official demonyms of Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, and 31 variative denominations. The materials for the research are based on the official websites of the administrative units of the four countries, dictionaries data, diverse types of texts and discourse, as well as the notes of the informants speech. The research uses such methods as the continuous sampling method based on Internet sources, the analysis of dictionary definitions, the method of semantic interpretation, the morphological analysis, combined with interviews with informants whose interaction is made possible by the complex polyparadigmal analysis of the material. The authors have determined a series of lexemes that function as demonyms, analysed their form and content from the linguistic point of view. It has been revealed that the main tendency in the formation of suppletive demonyms for macrotoponyms are the terrain features and the assessment of ethnic background or mentality. The analysed demonyms manifest the relations of intralingual, intervariant homonymy, as well as hypo-hyperonymic relations. The complex analysis of the material has provided an opportunity to represent the demonym systems of Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru as multidimensional and at the same time inherent to the unified functional continuum of entity in Spanish-speaking countries. The research results have led to the conclusion that demonyms act as independent notions and generators of new meanings and allusions. It is recommended to use transliteration when translating suppletive demonyms, while their decoding amplifies the linguacultural competence of Spanish-language students and harmonises the intercultural dialogue with the native speakers of Chilean, Colombian, Mexican and Peruvian national variants of Spanish in the areas of education and business.

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Pham, Nam Q., Seonju Marincowitz, ShuaiFei Chen, Carlos A. Rodas y Michael J. Wingfield. "Soil-borne Calonectria (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) associated with Eucalyptus plantations in Colombia". MycoKeys 94 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.94.96301.

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Eucalyptus spp. are widely planted in Colombia as an important component of a growing paper and pulp industry. Leaf and shoot blight caused by Calonectria spp. was one of the first disease problems to emerge in these plantations. A survey of Eucalyptus plantations in four forestry regions of Colombia during 2016 resulted in a large number of Calonectria isolates from soil samples collected in the understories of trees having symptoms of Calonectria leaf and shoot blight. The aim of this study was to identify and resolve the phylogenetic relationships for these isolates using DNA sequence comparisons of six gene regions as well as morphological characters. From a collection of 107 isolates, seven Calonectria species residing in three species complexes were identified. Two of these represented undescribed species, namely C. exiguisporasp. nov. and C. guahibosp. nov.Calonectria parvispora and C. spathulata were the most commonly isolated species, each of which accounted for approximately 30% of the isolates. The results suggest that Colombia has a wide diversity of Calonectria spp. and that these could challenge Eucalyptus plantation forestry in the future.

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López Riaño, María Alejandra, Paula Valentina Cruz Castro y Laura Stephania Capera Culma. "Labor inclusion of people with disabilities in Colombia". Southern perspective / Perspectiva austral 3 (1 de enero de 2025): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/pa202553.

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The low participation of people with disabilities in the labor market has been a problem that has existed for many years, however, it was not always a relevant issue as it is today and that is why this article will highlight the factors. that must be taken into account so that they can actively participate in the workplace. Objective: determine the aspects that influence the adequate labor inclusion of people with disabilities in companies and identify their employability trend. Method: a documentary review was carried out of the research and documents published during the last 5 years in relation to labor inclusion and employability trends for people with disabilities in Colombia. This collection of information had the library as its main source. digital CUN from which much of the data contained in this document was extracted. Analysis and integration of information: For the analysis of the information, the background of the topic, the laws and regulations, as well as the data collected quantitatively and qualitatively, were taken into account. Conclusions: labor inclusion is a very broad issue in which both employing companies and the government play an important role since they must provide the necessary guarantees to achieve active participation in the business environment of people with disabilities

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León, M. G., C. H. Becerra, J. Freitas-Astúa, R. B. Salaroli y E. W. Kitajima. "Natural Infection of Swinglea glutinosa by theCitrus leprosis virus Cytoplasmic Type(CiLV-C) in Colombia". Plant Disease 92, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2008): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-9-1364c.

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Swinglea glutinosa (Blanco) Merr., a perennial plant in the family Rutaceae, is originally from southeast Asia but which is now grown worldwide. In Colombia, it is used as an ornamental and principally as a living fence around rural properties and farms in several regions of the country. Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C) was recently detected in orange groves of the Colombian Piedmont eastern plains, an area known as the Llanos Orientales (2). Because of the potential for country-wide infection of citrus, some measures are being taken to avoid CiLV-C spread to other regions of Colombia. Further surveys made from June to December 2005 to evaluate the extent of the spread of CiLV-C in the Llanos Orientales revealed some plants in S. glutinosa hedges surrounding citrus orchards exhibiting chlorotic spots and ringspots of varied size on the leaves, similar to those caused by CiLV-C on sweet oranges leaves. These plants were found near citrus orchards in the municipalities of Guamal and in some urban areas of Villavicencio City in the Meta Department. The possibility that these symptoms were caused by CiLV-C was investigated soon after sample collection by the same procedures as described previously for sweet orange (2). In the leaf lesions of S. glutinosa, typical bacilliform particles and dense cytoplasmic viroplasm were found with electron microscopy. Total RNA extracted from symptomatic leaves was subjected to reverse transcription-PCR (RT) using primers (Fwd. 5′GATACGGGACGCATAACA-3′/Rev. 5′-TTCTGGCTCAACATCTGG-3′) that specifically amplify a region within the CiLV-C putative methyltransferase gene and this yielded a single fragment of the expected 402 bp (3). Analysis of the consensus sequence derived from 20 RT-PCR products (GenBank Accession No. EU689106) showed 96% nucleotide and 92% amino acid sequence identity to the sequence of a Brazilian CiLV-C isolate (GenBank Accession Nos. DQ352194.1 and YP_654565.1), respectively. Recently, published work described mite transmission of CiLV-C to some nonrutaceous plants (1), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of a nonCitrus rutaceous plant naturally infected by CiLV-C. Mites found in citrus orchards and previously identified as Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (2), which are likely the most important vector of CiLV-C in citrus in Colombia, were observed feeding on healthy and symptomatic S. glutinosa, indicating that S. glutinosa is a host for B. phoenicis. Because the use of S. glutinosa as a living fence or hedge is a common practice in Colombia, CiLV-C-infected S. glutinosa plants may play a role in the epidemiology of leprosis in commercial citrus by serving as an inoculum source for this lethal virus. References: (1) M. Bastianel et al. Summa Phytopathol. 32:211, 2006. (2) G. A. León et al. Plant Dis. 90:682, 2006. (3) E. C. Locali et al. Plant Dis. 87:1317, 2003.

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Ocampo López, Javier. "La microhistoria en la historiografía general". HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 1, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2009): 202–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v1n1.9307.

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El texto ofrece una revisión de los estudios locales en el ámbito colombiano. El autor contextualiza el balance con los antecedentes de la historiografía mundial. Dialoga a partir de las distintas secuencias y matices historiográficos y esclarece la tipología de los estudios microhistóricos que clasifica o relaciona con la historia local, la mentalidad colectiva, la historia regional, la vida cotidiana, las historias conectas y la prosopografía.Palabras clave: historia local, historiografía colombiana, microhistoria, historiografía mundial, identidad, región. Microhistory in general historiography AbstractThe text offers a review of local studies in the Colombian environment. The author contextualizes the balance with the antecedents of world historiography. He dialogues from distinct historiographical sequences and nuances and clarifies the typology of the micro-history studies which classifies or relates to local history, collective mentality, regional history, everyday life, connected histories, and prosopography. Keywords: local history, Colombian historiography, microhistory, world historiography, identity, region.

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Cardona-Arenas, Carlos David y Johary Andrea Campuzano. "Exploring citizen participation in fiscal control: insights from Manizales, Colombia". European Journal of Government and Economics 13, n.º 1 (6 de junio de 2024): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9953.

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The objective of this study is to identify the fundamental determinants of citizen participation within the framework of the "Let's Take Control" initiative, implemented by the General Comptroller's Office of Manizales Municipality during 2020-2021, with a specific focus on fostering public participation in Fiscal Control. Utilizing a two-stage mixed-method methodology, the research encompasses surveys administered to citizen observers, municipal officials, and the general population, followed by a descriptive exploratory analysis. Subsequent to data collection, a series of statistical analyses is conducted, including chi-square and ANOVA tests, along with Ordinary Least Squares Linear Regression. Additionally, a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) is estimated. The findings unequivocally demonstrate a positive impact on citizen participation facilitated by the "Let's Take Control" strategy. Furthermore, positive correlations emerge between participation frequency and variables such as invitations to participation exercises, age groups of participants, and their socio-economic strata within events organized by the General Comptroller's Office of Manizales Municipality-Colombia.

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Ramírez-Gil, Joaquín Guillermo, Jaime Horacio López y Juan Camilo Henao-Rojas. "Causes of Hass Avocado Fruit Rejection in Preharvest, Harvest, and Packinghouse: Economic Losses and Associated Variables". Agronomy 10, n.º 1 (19 de diciembre de 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010008.

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The areas planted with avocado in Colombia have increased to position this fruit in international markets. To achieve this goal, the offered fruits need to meet optimal production standards. The aim of this study was to identify the main physiopathologies and damages that may cause the rejection of avocado cv. Hass fruits for export purposes during pre-harvest, harvest, and processing in packinghouses, and quantify the economic impact of said exclusion criteria. Typological characterization and quantification of damages that may cause fruit rejection were performed at the laboratory, field, and packinghouses. Data were obtained from 136 Colombian productive plots with monitoring and data collection records for a minimum of five years. At the packinghouse level, data associated with factors that affect quality (both, those identified at packing plants and those detected in simulated shipments) were considered. The main causes of fruit rejection during pre-harvest and harvest were: low calibers, damage to the epidermis by insect pests from the subfamily Melolonthidae, thrips, mites, the bug Monalonion, overripe fruits, and sunburn damage. In addition, pathologies such as anthracnose and stem end rot, and problems associated with browning of vascular bundles, irregular ripening, chilling injury, and lenticel damage were highly limiting at packinghouses. The economic analysis identified losses of 5.78 and 5.68% in farms and packinghouses, respectively, which are equivalent to US dollar (USD) 80.29 per produced ton. This work generated information that allows prioritizing strategies to improve fruit quality and reduce economic impact.

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Herrera, Jorge, Hernando Hernández-Hamón, Laura Fajardo, Néstor Ardila, Andrés Franco y Asier Ibeas. "Colombian Caribbean Bathymetry for an OTEC System Location". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n.º 4 (8 de abril de 2022): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040519.

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This article presents the creation of bathymetric cartography for San Andrés, Providencia, Santa Catalina, and the Colombian Caribbean to find suitable areas for implementing an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system. The methodology to obtain the bathymetry uses data collection, digitization, and interpolation. The data are processed using the Surfer® software; in this way, the digital terrain model (DTM) maps are generated for each sector. The objective is to find the minimum distance to reach a depth of 1000 m since this is the distance where a temperature difference of 20 ∘C is obtained. Thus, it is possible to identify suitable areas to locate an onshore or offshore plant in Santa Marta, Barranquilla, southwestern and northwestern San Andrés, the western part of Santa Catalina, and the southwestern part of Providencia.

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De León Beltrán, Isaac, Carlos Felipe Córdoba, Mónica Alexandra Sánchez G, Luis Alberto Giraldo P, Ana Patricia Barrera Pinzón y Manuel Francisco Dulce Vanegas. "El análisis de los contratos estatales en el nivel regional: una herramienta de identificación de riesgos de corrupción. La experiencia del Grupo de Investigación y Análisis (GIA) de la Auditoría General de la República de Colombia". Control Visible, n.º 1 (17 de marzo de 2022): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.70254/controlvisible.2021.1.4.

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This document compiles the experience of the Research and Analysis Group (GIA) of the Office of the Auditor General of the Republic (AGR). Said group operated in the 2015-2016 period and was responsible for collecting and analyzing data to identify corruption risks in the execution of the public budget at the territorial level. The Group identified natural persons and legal entities that have multiple contracts in the territories; this is what the AGR and the Office of the Comptroller General of the Republic have called “business meshes”. This concept has been proposed in order to measure the concentration of government contracting in a few actors. The GIA group designed processes to identify the risk of state capture at the territorial level by analyzing public procurement at the territorial level. The document describes methods and presents them as a good practice in knowledge management because the products generated contribute to the public debate and can be used to make decisions in the AGR. The analysis of territorial public procurement is a strategic opportunity insofar as it strengthens fiscal control based on the collection and analysis of data from the supervised entities.

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Daniel A Gra-jales-Gaviria. "Interactive Learning Objects «Oia» in the Teaching of International Financial Reporting Standards «Ifrs»." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, n.º 4s (8 de abril de 2024): 1283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.2174.

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Aim/Purpose The objective of the research is to identify and evaluate the learning process of international financial reporting standards "IFRS" supported by interactive learning objects "OIA" BackgroundThe implementation of IFRS in Colombia requires new dynamics in accounting education in the classroom with dynamic learning tools. MethodologyThe methodology proposes a mixed qualitative and quantitative analysis of information, using the questionnaire as an instrument for data collection as a test before and after the use of the OIA. The sample is represented by students from two Colombian universities in the Public Accounting program in the subject of liabilities. ContributionThis review allows to deepen in the learning process the need to link more and more frequently the interactivity as a tool to improve the understanding of concepts. FindingsThe results obtained indicate that the IROs are a tool that allows a better understanding of theoretical concepts such as IFRS, argued by the improvement in the results of students by linking tools such as video tutorials and guides supported by cybernetics. Recommendations for PractitionersIt is recommended to professionals and researchers to advance new evaluations with longer periods of time to identify if it is a true learning or just a momentary memory due to the virtual supports Recommendations for Researchers The application of research in new virtual environments. Impact on SocietyIn the social sphere, the research helps to reflect on the teaching exercise, the master class, the role of the teacher, the teaching process and the need to rethink the instruments used in university teaching. Future ResearchThe article becomes a base document for future research to deepen aspects such as virtual learning, learning supported by e-media, learning and the need for teacher presence, student engagement in virtuality.

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García Guerrero, Martha Gabriela, Laura Aguilar Maya, Antonio Cantillo Beltrán y Elkin Elias Negrete Naizir. "Análisis Comparativo de los Sistemas Fiscales de México-Colombia". Revista Relayn - Micro y Pequeñas empresas en Latinoamérica 4, n.º 2 (15 de mayo de 2020): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46990/relayn.2020.4.2.144.

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Resumen Los sistemas fiscales tiene como propósito lograr un balance entre el ingreso y el gasto público, para alcanzar la máxima equidad, un destino eficiente de los recursos de la economía, promover la estabilidad y el desarrollo económico de los países. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar los sistemas fiscales de México y Colombia para identificar sus diferencias y similitudes en cuanto al Impuesto sobre la Renta (ISR) y determinar el impacto en el desarrollo económico en ambos países. Esta investigación es cualitativa de tipo transversal-descriptiva. Se concluyó que en ambos países se incrementó la recaudación fiscal con respecto al Producto Interno Bruto (PIB); sin embargo, sus economías no han logrado un crecimiento armónico. Summary The purpose of the fiscal systems is to achieve a balance between income and public expenditure, to achieve maximum equity, an efficient destination of the resources of the economy, to promote stability and economic development of the countries. This study aims to compare the tax systems of both México and Colombia in order to identify their differences and similarities regarding Income Tax (ISR) and determine the impact on economic development in both countries. This research is qualitative cross-descriptive type. It was concluded that in both countries the tax collection was increased with respect to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP); However, their economies have not achieved harmonious growth.

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Méndez Rivera, Pilar. "Discourse: Space for the constitution of the subject". Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal 14, n.º 1 (14 de junio de 2012): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22487085.3828.

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Discourse has been pointed as a site of struggle for power. However, when analyzing the teachers’ discourse of resistance to educationalreforms has been privileged an orientation that prescribes discourse-power relations to mere relations of protest and opposition. This paperexplores the relationship between subject, discourse and power in the Foucaultian perspective to make clear a relationdiscourse-power that enables the teacher to constitute himself as subject for practices of self-knowledge. As a context for theanalysis of these relationships is used the speeches of teachers organized in the FECODE against educational reformaround evaluation of learning and students promotion in Colombia, Decree 1290 of 2009, to identify ways of subjectconstitution, forms of resistance and delegitimation, revealing relationships between the state’s reform discourse andthe collective subject teacher’s anti discourse. In this setting is important to note how discourses become spaces for theconstruction of subjectivities. Particularly, I am interested in analyzing the speeches of FECODE to analyze knowledgepower-resistance as a way teachers think of themselves collective subject of actions and knowledge to fight for their field ofknowledge: evaluation of learning.

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Jimenez, Manuel Fernando Cabrera y Yessica Adriana Peña Rios. "Social Capital Contribution to Community Development, Analysis in the Two Main Urban Centers of Colombia". Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 9, n.º 07 (3 de julio de 2024): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjhss.2024.v09i07.001.

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Next, the main objective is to identify the incidence of the generation and accumulation of social capital in community development. In the two main economic centers of Colombia (Bogotá and Medellin), descriptive research is carried out with quantitative analysis based on The collection of official data in four official measurements carried out in the country, this study starts by recognizing an accumulated low at the national level in the official measurements of social capital in recent decades, an incident factor in low social cohesion, and therefore poor level of generation of social fabric created from associativity, this being an agent incident in the development of a territory in terms of development.

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