Tesis sobre el tema "Collectivités locales – Environnement – France"
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David, Michaël. "La décentralisation de l'environnement : essai sur l'administration de l'environnement par les collectivités locales". Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40054.
Texto completoHinti, Saïd. "Les dynamiques économiques mobilisables par les collectivités locales en faveur de l'emploi". Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010063.
Texto completoThe sustained creation of jobs is at the center of political, economic and social concerns. This issue of the greatest concern to governments at all levels, national or infra-national. Beginning at the local level, our objective in this research is to show how and to what extent the economic dynamics which are available to local government to create economic activity and jobs can be effective. Our theoretical analysis, backed up by field studies based on a varied cross-section of large cities surrounding paris, have come to the following conclusion : job creation cannot result solely from predetermined market mechanisms, but is organized and based on a collective approach. Job creation assumes that local governments have the capacity to implement -with a view to regional development- an innovative approach which ensures the diversification of local systems of production. This occurs in a sphere of structural economic change. This spatial perception of economic development and the finality of employment that it target assumes that all local economic actors be taken into account. This model regional organization, which leads to economic and social regulation is somewhere between a pure market model and the public sector model, takes its inspiration from the properties of meso-territoriality, a form of partnership organization which goes beyond a relationship which is purely based on the market and economic planning
Bardoul, Caroline. "Les collectivités territoriales et le développement durable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0003.
Texto completoTwo milestones guide the implementation of local sustainable development by local governments : first each local authority must conciliate sustainable development pillars on its territory ; then this approach must be integrated with the one of the other local authorities. Only then can local sustainability management be overspread and harmonious. However, the lack of legal constraint imposing the implementation of these milestones has two consequences: on the one hand, Sustainable development norms can be adapted by local authorities to the specificities of their territories, on the other hand, other local authorities do not apply these rules or only partially, taking advantage of “soft law”. Those diverse levels of commitment to sustainable development norms disrupt the territorial cohesion and solidarity that should be part of the notion of sustainable development. In the actual state of law the implementation of sustainable development norms by every single local authority is unattainable. There are nevertheless legal means to enforce sustainable development norms beyond the circle of willing territories. But these means are not completely effective. Therefore, in order to make every local authority apply sustainable development norms, some changes have to be made to the existing Law. The first pillar must become a standard so that local authorities won't be able to ignore sustainable development norms anymore, only to adapt it to their local specificities. Moreover,decentralization would lead to a better articulation between each local governing body, therefore allowing forbetter respect of the second pillar of sustainable development. Finally a better financial redistribution between those local authorities would support these legal changes
Bardoul, Caroline. "Les collectivités territoriales et le développement durable". Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0003.
Texto completoTwo milestones guide the implementation of local sustainable development by local governments : first each local authority must conciliate sustainable development pillars on its territory ; then this approach must be integrated with the one of the other local authorities. Only then can local sustainability management be overspread and harmonious. However, the lack of legal constraint imposing the implementation of these milestones has two consequences: on the one hand, Sustainable development norms can be adapted by local authorities to the specificities of their territories, on the other hand, other local authorities do not apply these rules or only partially, taking advantage of “soft law”. Those diverse levels of commitment to sustainable development norms disrupt the territorial cohesion and solidarity that should be part of the notion of sustainable development. In the actual state of law the implementation of sustainable development norms by every single local authority is unattainable. There are nevertheless legal means to enforce sustainable development norms beyond the circle of willing territories. But these means are not completely effective. Therefore, in order to make every local authority apply sustainable development norms, some changes have to be made to the existing Law. The first pillar must become a standard so that local authorities won't be able to ignore sustainable development norms anymore, only to adapt it to their local specificities. Moreover,decentralization would lead to a better articulation between each local governing body, therefore allowing forbetter respect of the second pillar of sustainable development. Finally a better financial redistribution between those local authorities would support these legal changes
Rondelli, Cynthia. "Analyse et pratique d'une procédure participative : Mise en oeuvre d’une gestion durable des espaces verts : méthode et stratégie pour le gestionnaire : le cas de la ville d’Antibes Juan-les-Pins". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2039.
Texto completoUsing the example of Antibes Juan-les-Pins, we show the interest of organizing an involvement procedure in the city with the geographer's expertise. The aim is to set up a green spaces governance tried out during working groups used as pilot study cases. The collaboration between the City of Antibes Juan-les-Pins and the geography laboratory ESPACE 7300, brings together university research for theDépôt de thèseDonnées complémentairesproduction and development of scientific knowledge, with policy on urban planning and sustainable management conscient of the issues, conceptions and way of green spaces management. For this research, we use the “geogovernance” approach. The interesting fact about it is that it is based on actors’ involvement in their own territory prospects, through the use of spatial analysis methods and tools. That way, the geographer can be a scientific, expert, mediator or organiser as well. Through his cross-disciplinary training, he is able to adapt and to understand his interlocutors while deploying some innovating tools in order to build his project. Throughout this research, we create an operating procedure, developing a participating strategy inside an administrative service that we experiment before evaluation. At the end of this work, we build a reflexion helping tool for the administrator through the modelling of dynamics as well as the organisation of green spaces management from a participating procedure thought by the geographer
Thévenot, Jean. "La région et l'environnement". Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0427.
Texto completoIn an introduction are successively analysed, according to the environment protection, the questions of the territorial frame of the regions (regional cutting up), then of the composition and the working of the regional assemblies (regional council, economic and social council). The partition of the work split into two main points. The first consists in the competences the practice of which, in favour of the environment, depends first of all of the voluntarism of the regional representatives: territory planning integrating local development and transport policies, research, information and training, urbanism and patrimony defence, supra-regional economic interventionism, regional natural parks and nature reserves, coordination of the protecting tools, etc. The second point corresponds to the regional attributions which cannot ignore the ecological constraints in consideration to the previous consecration, legislative or statutory, of homogenous spaces on the national level (mountainous, littoral, hydrographic, transfrontier or insular areas) as on the European level (community regional policy). A conclusion gives some proposals aiming to increase the environmental powers of the regions in the fields of the development of the territory, of energy and of nature protection
Guyot, Delmotte Florence. "L' administration et les risques naturels et technologiques". Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0244.
Texto completoThe problem posed by the treatment of risk management requires taking into account various issues. The first challenge lies in the support of all actors in defining the acceptable level of risk and the implementation and evaluation of public policy on natural and technological hazards. The second issue concerns the involvement of external partners in the implementation of public policy. The third issue concerns the ability of the administrative organization to manage the public to risks. Therefore, the main interest of this thesis was to highlight the evolution of treatment of risk management. This study found the limits of the system : one administrative territorialization necessary but inadequate, a failure of consistency in prevention, insufficient accountability of various actors, an original scheme, but the fragile. . . The vision proposed by this study is based on the clarification and simplification on the legal framework achieved and efforts still to provide. .
Keslair, François. "Essais en évaluation de politiques publiques éducatives". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0187.
Texto completoBoutaud, Aurélien. "Le développement durable : penser le changement ou changer le pansement ? : bilan et analyse des outils d'évaluation des politiques publiques locales en matière de développement durable en France : de l'émergence d'un changement dans les modes de faire au défi d'un changement dans les modes de penser". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781187.
Texto completoVicard, Fanny. "L'implication des ménages dans un service public local d'environnement : le cas de la gestion des déchets ménagers par les collectivités territoriales françaises". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10385/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the issue of households’ participation to a local public service provision, offering an economic analysis of the strategies developed by local governments in France to involve households in waste reduction practices and recycling.In a first part, we present the policy instruments available to local governments in the French context to foster the adoption by households of waste management practices more respectful of the environment. Environmental economics are used here to build aconceptual framework to understand local governments’ waste management policy. On this basis, a typology of the measures undertaken by local governments to involve households in waste reduction practices and recycling is developed. We identify four distinct strategies,as specific combinations of the measures implemented by local governments.In the second part, we assess the determinants of local governments’ choices with regard to their waste management strategy and the ability of each strategy to promote recycling effort by households. Drawing on insights from public economics and economicsof household waste management, a microeconomic model is developed to simultaneously analyze local governments and households waste management decisions. Theoretical propositions derived from the model are then empirically tested. The results highlight their mportance for local governments of taking into account households’ characteristics in the definition of their waste management strategy. We also show that households’ recycling effort rises when local governments implement measures directly constraining household waste production
Chanard, Camille. "Territoire et énergie : politiques locales, échelles d'intervention et instruments de mobilisation, de connaissance et d'action". Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1041/document.
Texto completoThe thesis is about French local authorities' energy policies, and more particularly about regional policies. In a context of reassessment of fossil fuel-based energy systems, local authorities have a key role to play. Indeed, energy systems are complex and require to act locally, in order to keep fair access for consumers and to adapt supply to needs and uses. In the same way, environmental constraints and sustainable exploitation of local resources involve to have a good knowledge of territory and of local energy potential. But, local authorities do not know much about boundaries and about components of territorial energy systems. The main purpose of the thesis is to determine structure and behaviour of these energy systems in order to identify public policy incentive levers at local scale.The first part of the thesis deals with the links between land uses, actors' behaviours, political choices and energy consumptions. Here, we point out the specific interest of geography and territorial approach to treat energy issue, both for land planning and for actors' mobilization. In the second part, we identify policy instruments which local authorities should dispose and actions they should implement in order to develop energy saving and renewables. Then, the third part is more specific to regional level. The analysis of two French planning instruments (Regional Plans for Climate, Air and Energy and Regional Energy Observatories), shows the interest of this scale which could, with its position between national and local levels, contribute to improve knowledge of territories, to coordinate local actions and to develop energy policies adapted to local specificities
Darson, Alice. "Transition énergétique et transition juridique : le développement des énergies de sources renouvelables en France". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0095/document.
Texto completoThe way to an energy transition will be reached with an integration of renewable energies inour energy mix. This development includes a legal transition because the current legal context that appliesto green energies is not efficient and does not contribute to this emergency. Changing the legal framebecomes a necessity and particularly the way these energies are governed, planned and supported. It’salso important that administrative procedures that regulate the implantation of energies productionsystem are set. At last, this legal transition will have to conciliate imperatives linked to the development ofrenewable energies with those governing the protection of surroundings, all aiming to a sustainabledevelopment
Faure, Bertrand. "Le pouvoir réglementaire des collectivités locales". Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU2019.
Texto completoIn a traditionnal manner, the local communities exercise a staturory power. However, it is recently that this statutory local power caused political and doctrinal debates and motivated a comprehensive reflection. New perspectives of analysis appear, due to the contemporary development of decentralization and the emergence of a constitutional status of the local communities. They forgive the construction of a general theory of statutory power, specific to decentralized communities and, concurrently imply a global research on the distribution of the statutory competency within the state
Aznar, Olivier. "Services environnementaux et espaces ruraux - Une approche par l'économie des services". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011365.
Texto completoLaffay-Reymond, Françoise. "Le contrôle juridictionnel des comptes des collectivités locales". Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO33025.
Texto completoLoudun, Claude. "Collectivités locales et territoires : espaces communaux gardois". Montpellier 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON30045.
Texto completoGuehair, Nourreddine. "La notation financière : cas des collectivités locales françaises". Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU2005.
Texto completoThe modernization of public finance of major french local authorities questioned credit rationg. We discuss their motivations for using their practical utilities and purposes, beyond the role of access to financing. We have recourse to a wide theoretical framework : the theory of the agency, the signal, the stakeholders, as well as the learning and the neo-institutional theories. The work is based on a questionnaire plus public data originating from 149 communities among which 20 are rated. The results show that the motivations for the use of credit rating are mainly : size, the level of risk control and financial reporting, tax and financial variables, the perceived shortcomings of the DGCO and DGCL risk prevention devices, as well as the image of the rating agencies. Beyong the role of certification, credit ratings also appears as a tool for learning, controlling, legitimating, obtaining and disseminates financial information both in internally and externally. It would became a managerial tool contributing to improving local governance
Rondelli, Cynthia. "Analyse et pratique d'une procédure participative : Mise en oeuvre d’une gestion durable des espaces verts : méthode et stratégie pour le gestionnaire : le cas de la ville d’Antibes Juan-les-Pins". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2039/document.
Texto completoUsing the example of Antibes Juan-les-Pins, we show the interest of organizing an involvement procedure in the city with the geographer's expertise. The aim is to set up a green spaces governance tried out during working groups used as pilot study cases. The collaboration between the City of Antibes Juan-les-Pins and the geography laboratory ESPACE 7300, brings together university research for theDépôt de thèseDonnées complémentairesproduction and development of scientific knowledge, with policy on urban planning and sustainable management conscient of the issues, conceptions and way of green spaces management. For this research, we use the “geogovernance” approach. The interesting fact about it is that it is based on actors’ involvement in their own territory prospects, through the use of spatial analysis methods and tools. That way, the geographer can be a scientific, expert, mediator or organiser as well. Through his cross-disciplinary training, he is able to adapt and to understand his interlocutors while deploying some innovating tools in order to build his project. Throughout this research, we create an operating procedure, developing a participating strategy inside an administrative service that we experiment before evaluation. At the end of this work, we build a reflexion helping tool for the administrator through the modelling of dynamics as well as the organisation of green spaces management from a participating procedure thought by the geographer
Al-Wadi, Sad Khalaf. "Décentralisation et collectivités locales en Jordanie". Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUEL034.
Texto completoCentralization and decentralization are the two principles in the organisation of any society and, in particular, the state. This study is an analysis of territorial decentralization in Jordan. It proposes to shed ligth on the reality of this decentralization and the major differences in relation to french law. There can be no doubt that these two countries differ not only in their degree of development, but also in the socio-economic and political data found in the legal systems of both countries. This research begins with an analysis of the centralizing aspects of the administrative system. An account of the main stages of its evolution is followed by a study of the organisation of the state after independance (1946) and the present-day territorial structures. The analysis then turns to the decentralizing aspects of the system. It sheds ligth on the imbalance in communal structures, the re-eminence of the State vis-a-vis territorial communities and the ensuing consequences on local autonomy. The general conclusion is a critical appreciation of the jordanian administrative system and puts forward reforms necessary in the territorial structures of the country
Lignières, Paul. "Les cautionnements et garanties d'emprunt donnés par les collectivités locales". Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10011.
Texto completoThe grant of loan guarantees by local authorities raises the question of the influence of one particular party on the contract. Only the consent of the local authority should be submitted to particular rules which reflect the specificity of the local authority. The framework of consent is limited by the right of decentralisation and, the internal and european community rights of competition. The decision making process ("deliberation") is the essential part of consent by the local authority. This process is subject to public law. This specific law must not, however, be extended to the whole contract. For the rest of the contract, private law must be applied in principle. For this reason, thedistinction between the contract of "cautionnement" (which is a guarantee subject to the "code civil") and the contract of "garantie autonome" (a guarantee independent of the "code civil") is not specific to this subject. This study shows that it is necessary to discern in a legal rgime, which is apparently a combination of public and private law. Matters related to public and private law
François-Lubin, Bertrand. "Contribution à l'étude des groupements territoriaux". Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0250.
Texto completoTartour, Laurence. "L'autonomie financière des collectivités territoriales en droit français". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010277.
Texto completoRoubieu, Olivier. "Des cadres gouvernants : les hauts fonctionnaires des collectivités locales". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010252.
Texto completoIn the study of the process of transformation affecting a profession and those involved, we have shown how the meaning of the profession of urban district secretary-general has undergone a progressive alteration due to the following factors ; the effect of social transformations ; the actions and strategies made possible by these transformations ; the conflicts between agents interested in modifying the image and status of the profession, these conflicts being intensified by the changes in recruiting methods ; the tendency of agents to use themes and a system of reference essential in other sectors of activity (modernization, management, etc. ). As a result, the strategies (partly unconscious) of these high-ranking civil servants of local communities and their objective allies ; (consultants, academics and counciliors) have caused oppositions to harden between large and small communes, between senior and middle management. Likewise these strategies have led to opposition between camps (territorial civil servants againts state civil servants) and structured stakes, in particular that concerning the grand ecole empowered to train the futur executives in question. But such conflicts and competition cannot be dissociated from the morphological transformations of the group (wether they be social, generational or in terms of qualification). Thus, since the end of the seventies, we can notice a clear relation between the elevation of social value attached to these posts and a phenomenon of partial dispossession of those who in the past had acces to these posts by means of individual social promotion. This development of the profession and the morphological structure of the group leads to the diffusion of a management; or entrepreneurial; ideology which in the end appears to be an upgrading of the traditional apolitical discourse. But while local community senior executives use this discourse, they are literally caught in the politics through their career, their daily work and the interactions in which they are constantly involved and above all, through the aims assigned their activities by themselves or by councillors. In other words, the secretary-general takes part in politicallyaimed activities and these political objectives become those of the profession itself
M', Barki Abd El Kader. "Subsidiarité et principe de libre administration des collectivités locales". Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10036.
Texto completoThe principle of subsidiarity presents itself as a guideline, a leading norm meant to promote people's autonomous, free acting; at the same time, its implementation in political and social organization raises problems for its content resemble more philosophical truths than real legal duties
Schirrer, Maxime. "Révolution informatique et collectivités locales : quels impacts ? : l'exemple de la métropole parisienne". Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100058.
Texto completoThe prime objective of the thesis is to know if the information of the administrative services modifies the organization of the local communities. The second objective questions the repercussions in economic terms of performances and social equity. The impact study of the TIC on the level of the local institutions clarifies the emergence of a new economic area founded on the support of the economy of the networks. When the innovation is not any more the fruit of a kingly actor, but a source of differentiation, which problems are posed the leaders and the technicians of the local communities in order to distinguish and to make gravitational their territories? The analysis of case of Paris, Yvelines and Seine-et-Marne were used as test with our assumptions in order to identify variables of differentiation or convergence. The conclusions drawn from the analysis of these three departments contributed to a personal interpretation on the comprehension of spaces "postindustriels"
Dietrich, Ingrid. "Essai sur les mutations de la gestion financière des collectivités locales". Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32034.
Texto completoFrench local authorities, since the adoption of the key laws on decentralisation, have been constantly demanding greater freedom, and especially financial freedom, without really having their wishes fulfilled by a State, which seems firmly attached to centralisation. Thus the main expression of local freedom, in terms of financial management, is still the diversity of choice available to local authorities in their means of financing. However, this regrettable situation remains wholly paradoxical, as local authorities do not make full use of their options to obtain funding. What is more, they often employ these means of financing (in particular the tapping of capital markets) so as to get a better deal with their financial partners for their bank borrowings. Nevertheless, the use of these instruments merely to apply pressure may be one reason why local authorities do not actually finance themselves in this way, but there are also other reasons (lack of adequate training, or imperfect command of techniques for proceeding with or monitoring such financing). A revolution has to be undertaken in the traditional perception of local authorities
Déprez, Paul. "Collectivités territoriales et Développement Durable : contribution des technologies de l'information, et de la communication, à la dimension participative d'une politique publique : Lecture d'un projet cyberdémocratique issu d'une démarche d'Intelligence Territoriale". Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0006/document.
Texto completoDue to the late entry of sustainable development spirit and practices in France, territories, according to their problems and potential, have to face evolving legislative framework and political will for their experiments based on. "Think global, act local" principle seems leading and guiding the action of territories inserted in a global logic which can be exploited by the recognition of skills allocated to local actors. Consequently, a participative culture is gradually emerging through new procedures aiming to be joined all territorial actors in connection with common rules for shaping territory and for the knowledge of local dynamics. What we suggest within a process of territorial intelligence, beyond repetitive call for the participation of civil society, is changing territorial culture. This paradigm of research pre supposes that, prior to the establishment of a communication process as result from a social mediation (A21 neighborhood councils, CIQ, etc..) or socio- technical (municipal newspaper, electronic forum Chat, etc..), the territory should build its "formal capital" (Bertacchini, 2004) enabling local actors to accept common rules and procedures, sharing their skills, mobilize with each other and join all through the territorial project. However, setting up the territorial formal capital constitution requires that local authorities exchanges information on territorial dynamics in action, in addition with a credit value to the exchanged information, including operation of the total amount of "communicative ICT resources" available (Habib & Baltz, 2008). We focus providing knowledge and tools enabling citizens to build their own enlighten opinion and focus on collective learning ( Manin in Sintomer and Talpin, 2011; Urfalino 2005) about logical sustainable Development (Angot, 2013). Our object of research is concerned with territorial authorities of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Region involved in a project for sustainable spatial development of the Agenda 21 type (A21), Territorial Energy and Climate Plan Action label (PCET), Global Innovative for the Region (AGIR).This choice allows us to approach sustainable development from the perspective of stakeholder participation through specific participatory approaches (information to consultation), under the paradigm of territorial intelligence and our field research: information and communication sciences. We will furthermore discuss the issue of digital uses within local authorities’ organization, production of knowledge contained in digital content and media, and exchanged in different arenas of civil society
Févrot, Olivier. "Recherche sur la notion de démocratie locale". Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020067.
Texto completoTourjansky-Cabart, Laure. "L'interventionnisme économique des collectivités locales et la localisation des entreprises en France". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0038.
Texto completoSince the "decentralisation laws" (1982), investment promoting activities of the French local governments have been steadily increasing. They consist in different subsidies, but also in taxe policies and wider local competences with an impact on the economic environment. The evaluation of these local policies' results depends on whether the study is made at a local or a national scale. "fiscal federalism" is the main theory about the distribution of powers and competences between central and local governments. This approach is completed by a few other theories - growth models, game theory, spatial economics, industrial economics. At the local level, economic development policies are likely to be successful when the local authorities already attract ed many firms. At the national level, local policies as a whole seem to have a long-term positive impact on economic growth. This result has to be compared with their influence on the firms'localization and the spatial equilibrium. However the costs and benefits of spatial concentration are not yet very well know
Lacaze, Emily. "Codification et droit des collectivités territoriales". Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CERG0242.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis demontrate the links of dependancy that exist between the State's notion of local authorities and the codification it carries out of this law. Indeed, some juridical tendencies are brought to light by codes, as well as by codification. These tendencies are mainly the state's ones, as soon as this latter is at the root of codification, witch one has also to always be lying within the framework reform of the State. The evolution of the State's structure and the new arising sources of local authorities which cannot be codified in the scope of a national procees of codification. However, as you symbomically reinforce the mandatory nature of legislation, codification is keeping first on favouring the consistency of public politics on national and local levels, then on unifying local pratices according the national public tendancies
Ginsburger, Ted. "L'exercice d'activités commerciales par les collectivités locales : permanence et mutations du service public". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32052.
Texto completoThe organization and operation of industrial and commercial public services by local authorities have been presented as no longer being limited by the freedom of trade and industry. In recent years this principle has however known, a renewed interest, particularly in the jurisprudence of the Conseil d‘Etat, which declares its coexistence with that of equal competition. The delimitation of competence for local communities to act in the areas of trade, to the existence of a local public interest, is in fact an eternal return to the general definition of public service, and therefore appears to be the best guarantor of respect for the freedom of trade and industry. This return, or rather this constancy in the definition of competence, in accordance with the general clause of territorial authorities, must be put in parallel with mutations in terms of managing public services, including implementation of new management methods. The obligation for local authorities to respect the principle of equal competition does not, however, mask the fact that the exercise of commercial activities by them, by applying a number of rules derived from administrative law, can not be done under the same conditions as it is done by an ordinary industrial. Local authorities will therefore seek ways of operating the service the most competitive, particularly through the mixed economy and since recently by detention of the entire capital of a company
Hastings-Marchadier, Antoinette. "Le regime juridique des contrats d'emprunt des collectivites locales". Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT4018.
Texto completoThe current legal rules as regards the borrowing of money contracted by the local communities arise from a double process : the decentralization ont he one hand, the liberalisation of credit on the other. Within this legal and financial context, the local communities are progrssively able to diversify their contractuel practices cocnerning loans and thus to strengthen their financial autonomy. However, in order to maintain these advantages, the freedom to contract is to be closely associated with concerns of contractual security
Gorge, Anne-Sophie. "Le principe d'égalité entre les collectivités territoriales". Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D7982%26nu%3D15%26selfsize%3D1.
Texto completoThe territorial units’right may designate, offhand, a free local administration’s right, on the understanding that the territorial units shall be free to govern themselves through elected councils under conditions determined by law. Moreover, it may seem that the principle of equality is a human person’s right and, in fact, based on eminently human values. Against this first impression, we can note that the principle of equality is a fundamental right which the positive law recognizes as vested in the territorial units. Consequently, the principle of equality set out the fundamental rights’guarantee and the judicial technics of protection (constitutional principle of no-tutorship, objective of equality). No doubt, the absolute equality can’t be achieved and the positive law is forced to admit some cases of inequality. But, the principle of equality between the territorial units lay down, through its differents acceptations and notwithstanding the notion of category, the protection of territorial units and the protection of the Republic. Furthermore, the principle of equality form a part of the Republic’s motto. By becoming a territorial unit’s right, it permit, through its relations with free administration of local authorities and solidarity, the blooming of the territorial units
Castanié, Sylvie. "La parlementarisation des assemblées délibérantes des collectivités territoriales". Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU2013.
Texto completoJanicot, Laetitia. "Les droits des élus, membres des collectivités territoriales". Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020089.
Texto completoBarella, Xavier. "Les collectivités territoriales et la loi en droit public français". Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10045.
Texto completoRelation between two notions can be possible only if they are envisaged in the same field. Concerning local authorities whose aim is social organizing they can only be apprehended with a juridical approach as far as law is concerned. So as to be analysed this relation has to follow a dynamic proceeding when the law appears as an active principle. It generates and determines local authorities to turn into real juridical elements. Consequently only the study of this relation with the dialectic between the unity and the multiplicity can reveal the true nature of this relationship. Local authorities have to obey the law as they are produced by the unitary state. The law shapes local authorities thus changing them from law elements into juridical ones. They enter a juridical system and are considered as factors that create and possess the law at the same time. The evolution of the elements defining the law along with the existence of a competition are as many factors thaht justify to challenge this obedience. The pluralism factor pervades the legal norm more and more and the variety of territories is taken into account by the unitary state. The 2003 constitutional revision along with the goals of the reform of December 16, 2010 lead to ponder over the qualification of the state organization and also over the new dimension between the relation of these two notions
Madiès, Thierry. "Concurrence fiscale, compétition entre collectivités locales et localisation des entreprises : modèles de jeux". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010068.
Texto completoThe thesis deals with the effects of fiscal competition among local governments. The common, though not universal, view of tax competition is that localities set their business tax rates below the globally optimal rate to encourage capital formation in the localities. We provide empirical evidence of tax competition for the french local business tax (the "taxe professionnelle"). Next we use dynamic games from industrial organization to describe more generally competition between local governments and derive equilibrium subsidies. Empirical evidence relating to efficiency of these subsidies on firm location is provided from different audit office reports. We conclude with fiscal consolidation and leviathan problems
Pariente, Pierre. "Le contrôle de gestion dans les collectivités locales : application au cas des communes". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0024.
Texto completoThe strengthening of the management tools in local communities has become a necessity in the current social and economic environnement, as they ar required to intervene much more often. Amongst those, management control is the instrument. We focus on the hypothesis of a proximity of content and of an heterogeneity among causes and objectives of the fonction between management control in private firms and in local communities. Firstly we set the problem and the context focusing on the specificites of state organizations. Secondly we make an analysis of a certain number of experiments of management control development in some particularty advanced councils and we confirm the hypothesis of a proximity of the content of the fonction between management control in private firms and in local communities. Thirdly we focus on the theorical and practical consequences of this research. Through a synthetic and typological study, we answer to the hypothesis of heterogeneity of causes and objectives of the fonction between management control in private firms and in local communities. Then we focus on theorical aspects of management control. Finally we focus on the main tendancies of management control in local commiunities and the reasons of its difficulties. We conclude that there is a wrong appreciation of the importance of conducting change
Joyau, Marc. "De l'autonomie des collectivités locales françaises : contribution à une théorie de la décentralisation politique". Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT4017.
Texto completoThis thesis sets out the theoretical basis of a french autonomy model, which should not be confused with autonomy as it is known in regional states (spain, italy) but which, nontheless, allows french territorial collectivities (local government) to make political decisions. In the first part, research shows that these collectivities do not have an initial normative power, that is a normative power both "original" (not the result of delegation) and "inconditional" (to be used directly on the base of the constitution). In the second part, the study shows that, as the competence (domaine of action) of local government is materially determined, independent use of normative power may be obtained. Finally the areas in which these collectivities may use their normative power, and the danger of "centralizator judgements", resulting from contentious regulation are envisaged in the third part of this thesis (translation : alison paratt)
Canton-Fourrat, Altide. "L'état unitaire français et les collectivités ultramarines (contribution à l'étude d'un droit des collectivités ultramarines)". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05D003.
Texto completoOverseas communities that form part of the French State, benefit from the continuous and constant evolution brought about by decentralisation. They are subject to special rights, whose knowledge is not easy. These rights have to be in harmony with the rest of the French laws and integrated into the State's (written and natural) laws. It uses the provisions of the Constitution as a framework. Article 75 of the Constitution recognizes local statute of common rights for each identified population. In this context, the law, an expression of general will, finds itself in competition with other normative sources. These communities are subjected not only to the power of the State but also to that of local normative sources. These secondary laws should not be against the emanated higher standards of the Republic. The French Republic in its bid towards harmonization of its laws is working on ultramarine rights and laws which will meet the requirements of the aforesaid communities, this with no ignorance of the unit management of the Republic. The new constitutional law of March 2003 intervenes in this continuity
Audoye, Benjamin. "Les votations à l'initiative des collectivités territoriales et des groupements de communes". Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10013.
Texto completoOnly the concept of “local polling” covers both public consultation and referendums at a local level. Having been repudiated under a Third Republic eager to assert parliamentary sovereignty, local polling was later accepted by central authority. The current resurgence in its popularity testifies to the emergence of a localised power base. If this emergence appears genuine by reason of the recognition of local polling in French public law, it is nonetheless rendered modest because of the limited scope of the subjects polled. Although central power has accepted the principle of local polling, it has not drawn all the proper lessons attendant upon this principle. Indeed, the resurgence of polling can appear so restricted and shackled as to suggest it is no more than a disguised extension of central power. The power of local elected officials is thereby reduced, while that of the electorate is negated. Nothing less than substantial reform of the system of local consultation would ensure a genuine demonstration of local power in the matter of polling
Galli, Adeline. "Droit communautaire et marchés publics des collectivités locales (le cas de la France)". Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0049.
Texto completoGodek, Magdalena. "Les euro-obligations municipales en France : une source de financement des collectivités locales". Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33020.
Texto completoBriand, Serge. "Les mécanismes juridiques de prévention de la corruption dans l'activite économique des collectivités locales". Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA131045.
Texto completoVallez, Delphine. "L'influence européenne sur l'évolution statutaire des collectivités territoriales françaises". Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10035.
Texto completoYun, Kwang-Jai. "Les relations financières entre l'Etat et les collectivités locales : Etude comparée France-Corée du sud". Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020022.
Texto completoGroud, Hervé. "Aménagement du territoire et politique industrielle : le rôle des collectivités locales". Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMD002.
Texto completoTown and country planning, begin in the sixties, was not as centralised as it often claimed. Local communities had to participate in the various stages of its development to give it a concrete form. But it's even more surprising to note that, before 1982, they conceived their own planning as the state was more concentrating its efforts on an industrial policy. Now plan contracts enable regions determine the planning of their area. The uniformity of this policy depends on the ability of regions to summon up local initiatives expressing themselves in leading schemes and intermunivipal charters and on the degree of autonomy given to the region prefects. The system of help set up in 1982 is not perfect. In the future, the participation of regions in the capital of local financial societies and the signature of conventions with banks should permit to diversify the systems of actions and to make it more efficient
Protière, Guillaume. "La puissance territoriale : contribution à l'étude du droit constitutionnel local". Lyon 2, 2006. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/protiere_g.
Texto completoThis study deals with the place, nature and forms of local power in French constitutional law. The first part of the study is about the legal and constitutional foundations of local power. By law, local authorities are presumed to be natural but this doesn’t mean that their power is original. Indeed, it is derivative and secondary. Since 1946, the foundations of the powers and functions of local authorities have been set out in the Constitution. This has given their powers a firm legal base and explains their political dimension. Thus, the territorial power of local authorities is asserted as a second way to express State power. The second part of the study analyses the positive materialisation of local power through both legal and constitutional rules. The legal materialisation of local power is based on the general clause of competence, allowing local authorities to freely determine their own range of activities. However, this general clause is framed by the legislator to include many legally defined attributions; this indicates that it is merely a tolerance and not a solid legal base of autonomy. Constitutional materialisation reinforces the power of local authorities against the central power of the State. If the institutional liberty of local authorities is preserved, the capacity of doing is strictly framed and limited. This imbalance is reinforced by the inability of local authorities either to intervene in the determination of their own rules or to defend and protect their position. So, if the French Constitution were to protect local authorities against central State power, it also needs to go further in order to realise their wider political functions
Le, Moigne Marthe. "Les compétences des collectivités territoriales en droit public français : essai de compréhension d'une structure complexe". Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES5002.
Texto completoIn French public law, competences of regions with a measure of autonomy are put in a changeable situation in sense where they are marked by fluxes and low tide of decentralization and re-centralization to the advantage of it Etat me of certain groups. Moreover, they do not form a consistent group, seemingly, especially since their apprehension avoids the jurist partly. The present study attracts, by a study of the ancient and recent texts and an analysis of concepts and notions-keys which are in game in decentralization, to understand the structure of local competences by examining how right reflects and informs the action of regions with a measure of autonomy. In order to do that, two perspectives are successively adopted. The first one leads to envisage competences of regions with a measure of autonomy across the concept of order in its double dimension of scheduling and command. In effect, the bones of competences of local authorities are a product of the scheduling cf competences to a modem logic marked by individualism and rationality. This structure s aise marked b the command of the State which practises at the same time on competences of regions with a measure of autonomy and across them. The second perspective rests on analogy with game. It leads to put in an obvious place existence, in the structure of competences of regions with a measure of autonomy, space of game. This last manifests himself in game - in the sense of « movement in a frame » - which affects the regulation of local competences. It also appears in the implementation of these competences which is modelled by knowledge and its borders
Choi, Jin-hyuk. "Assemblées locales et autonomie locale en France et en Corée du Sud". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA01A018.
Texto completoThis thesis was principally dedicated to the organization and the function of local assembly according to existing and created models. It was based on an institutional and sociological approach about the mutation enrolled in the democracy following the movement of decentralization in france (1982) and in south korea (1991). The study of history and theory on the context of local assembly carried out the points of convergence and divergence (specific). A descriptive analysis on the modelization of local assembly between two countries is based on the integration and separation of power in institutional form of local government: the + soft ; separation of power (in france), the + hard ; separation of power (in south korea). Regarding the organization of local assembly, it was benefited from an endogenous phenomenon characterized by an electoral regime, a composition of local assembly and specific commission, and an exogenous phenomenon delimitated by the reciprocal relation. An analysis of powers of local assembly is accomplished from the angle of the relation to local government. The correlation between the degree of decentralization and the powers of local assembly is analyzed by the modality, the principle of transfer and the degree of decentralization by distribution of function. The function of local assembly is described by the regime of meeting and its modality, by decisional activities of local assembly and its particularism. The correlation between the degree of central control and the powers of local assembly is required from this point of view. An general evaluation ends up vertical and horizontal unbalance to explain the limits of financial power of local assembly. The fical capacity is one of the factors necessary for the successful local autonomy. Central government must intervene in terms of financial resources when local governments are fiscally not self-sufficient and when fiscal coordination and equity among local autonomous entities are necessary. It seems to be appropriate for south korea to implement decentralization according to the french model as soon as possible. Any future effort toward decentralization (with three major factors: democracy, effectiveness, rule of law), however, must begin with a careful study on the previously indicated problems and has to overcome obstacles and relevant blockage. These are the key factors to be succes