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Burkov, Vladimir, Oleg Loginovskiy, Oleg Dranko y Alexander Hollay. "THE MECHANISMS OF SMART MANAGEMENT FOR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES". Applied Mathematics and Control Sciences, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2020): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2499-9873/2020.1.04.
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In this article you can find some mathematical models of the smart management mechanisms that can be used in the organizational system of management of production corporations. The following mechanisms can be used to improve the management effectiveness of this system: the resource-allocating mechanism (the mechanism of direct priorities, the reverse priorities, the competitive mechanism, the mechanism of open management); the mechanism of active expertise (the mechanism of averaging experts' opinions, mechanisms based on median schemes); the mechanism of domestic prices; cost-cutting pricing and taxation mechanisms; the supply chain optimization mechanism; the assortment selection mechanism; incentive mechanisms (incentives for individual results, collective results, and the brigade payment mechanism); integrated mechanisms.
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Staber, Udo. "Collective learning in clusters: Mechanisms and biases". Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 21, n.º 5-6 (septiembre de 2009): 553–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08985620802529526.
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Ukokhe, Egesa Simon y Olouch Mercy Florah. "Effects of Collective Bargaining on Industrial Disputes Management". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, n.º 28 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n28p57.
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Industrial conflict appears to be a major problem hindering development in developing countries in general. It has been established that industrial disputes cause economic losses to organizations and poor relationship among employees and employers. Although conflict in an organization is inevitable, it should be understood that disputes between employees and employers must be reduced through mutually agreed mechanisms to a reasonable level that enable creativity and performance of employees and the organization at large. This paper focuses on reviewing the effect of collective bargaining on industrial disputes management. The existing literature on collective bargaining, joint consultation, grievance handling, and industrial dispute management was also examined. The study objectives further establish how collective bargaining, joint consultation, and grievance handling mechanism influence dispute management in an organization. Pluralism theory and human relations theory was used as a guide for this study. It was concluded that collective bargaining agreement, joint consultation, and grievance handling are key tenets of industrial dispute management. All parties are recommended to respect the rights of each party in negotiation and the agreement reached should be documented and cited as the point of reference in resolving disputes. The management should strive to allow a give and take position while resolving conflicts, provide grievance handling process that is timely, fair, involve both parties, and ensure that grievance capturing mechanism is readily available to all parties. Joint consultation committees, union, and management should also coexist to resolve any dispute which arises. In mutual coexistence environment, the organization is able to tap into the stock of ideas, which are available within the organisation.
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Tribbitt, Mark A. y Yi Yang. "Takeover defense, collective action and the top management team". Management Research Review 41, n.º 12 (10 de diciembre de 2018): 1375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-07-2017-0209.
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Purpose The purpose of the study is to examine the interaction between the structure of the top management team, takeover defense mechanisms and firms rate of collective actions. Design/methodology/approach The study uses elements of agency theory, prospect theory and competitive dynamics research to develop a model for examining heterogeneity in the rate of collective actions among firms in the technology sector. A sample of 299 firm-year observations arrayed into panel regression analyses is used. Findings The findings from this study show a positive relationship between the size of the top management team and the count of collective actions when takeover defense mechanisms are present. Further this study finds a negative relationship between top management team ownership and collective actions when these same takeover defense mechanisms are present. Additionally, the female ratio of the top management team is negatively related to collective actions. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted using a sample of technological firms. These relationships may not be generalizable to firms in other contexts. Further, other elements of the firm’s governance structure (i.e. board of directors or shareholders) may play an important role in the strategic decision-making process. Originality/value This study expands on existing research by linking several blocks of literature, top management team literature, competitive dynamics literature and corporate governance literature, into a model to examine firm structural characteristics on the heterogeneity in the propensity to formulate collective actions among firms.
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Craig, Alton W. J. "The Collective Bargaining Process". Relations industrielles 25, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2005): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028098ar.
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This paper attempts to highlight the parts of the Woods 1 Report dealing with the collective bargaining process. The author discusses how the goals (inputs) of labour and management are converted to outputs via the mechanisms of collective bargaining, and gives his personal opinions on the positions advanced in the Task Force Report. 1. Canadian Industrial Relations, The Report of the Task Force on Labour Relations, Ottawa, the Queen's Printer, 1969. This document will be referred to throughout this paper as the Task Force Report.
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Yadransky, Dmitry y Elena Chumak. "SOCIAL MECHANISMS OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, n.º 4 (29 de octubre de 2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-4-243-247.
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The article is devoted to issues of social management in the context of modern industrial and economic transformations. The main purpose of the article is to formulate the author’s concept of scientific management using social mechanisms. As a hypothesis, the possibility of implementing scientific management through the use of social norming is considered. The main research methods were general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, dialectic, system, comparative analysis, as well as the induction method in developing the author’s concept. The article considers the issue of labour management in conditions of the impossibility of applying quantitative labour standards for intellectual and informational activities. The methodological basis consists of the concepts of foreign and domestic researchers regarding the scientific organization of labour. The concept of social norming is formulated, according to which, managers must ensure the existence of two types of social norms in the organization: rigid (unchanging) and flexible (the content of which varies depending on the current tasks of the organization). Based on the specifics of the labour functions of specific workers, managers can model and implement social norms that stimulate certain social changes. Conclusions. Based on the proposed approach, the nature of managerial influence is determined, which consists of two parts: development and implementation of social norms; stimulation of its fastest assimilation by all members of the labour collective.
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Wang, Linzhuo, Ralf Müller, Fangwei Zhu y Xiaotian Yang. "Collective Mindfulness: The Key to Organizational Resilience in Megaprojects". Project Management Journal 52, n.º 6 (23 de noviembre de 2021): 592–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/87569728211044908.
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The complexity, internal and external risks, and significant social impact of megaprojects make their organizational resilience particularly important. To survive potential adversities, megaproject organizational resilience depends on collective mindfulness. Drawing on an attention-based view, this study investigates the mechanisms of collective mindfulness for megaproject organizational resilience as a process that functions prior to, during, and after recovery from crises. The results from analyzing six embedded crisis events in two megaprojects indicate that collective mindfulness influences organizational resilience processes through the mechanisms of awareness allocation, emotional detachment, and attention alignment. The study's theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Wong, May M. L. "Organizational Learning via Expatriate Managers: Collective Myopia as Blocking Mechanism". Organization Studies 26, n.º 3 (marzo de 2005): 325–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840605049801.
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Qualitative case studies of two Japanese multinational department stores in Hong Kong are used to illustrate possible blocking mechanisms and collective myopia that hinder Japanese expatriate managers in acquiring double-loop organizational learning in their international assignments. Four major blocking mechanisms were identified — parent company community spirit, dozoku inhabitants, parent company’s translators and desire for normality. These blocking mechanisms were related to the Japanese head office’s culture, ideology and desire to control. They inhibited the expatriates from challenging established practices, procedures and norms, prevented them from becoming knowledgeable human agents, and hindered them from forming reflexivity. The expatriates, as a result, failed to learn from their international assignments. A conceptual model for expatriate learning and blocking mechanisms is drawn from the case examples, and implications for improving expatriate management to strengthen organizational learning are discussed.
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Järvenpää, Marko y Aapo Länsiluoto. "Collective identity, institutional logic and environmental management accounting change". Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 12, n.º 2 (6 de junio de 2016): 152–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-11-2013-0094.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how collective identity and institutional logic affect the design and use of an environmental performance measurement system. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a qualitative case study with abductive theorizing and empirical data obtained through semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis. Findings The new environmental measures were reshaped by aligning them with the existing and dominant collective identity in the case organization – in other words, cost savings and profitability. Moreover, the institutional logic forced the environmental measures to remain as non-strategic and non-bonus criteria in favour of traditional financial measures. Originality/value Thornton and Ocasio’s (2008) institutional logic is applied and its potential for analyzing change in environmental accounting is shown. The paper illustrates how collective identity and institutional logic are important mechanisms reshaping environmental performance measurement design and use, when the existing collective identity is reproduced.
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Putri Rahmadewi, Alifia y Arfin Sudirman. "HOW ASEAN PERCEIVE NATURAL DISASTER AS PART OF SECURITY COMMUNITY AGENDA?" Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 5, n.º 2 (19 de diciembre de 2021): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/japs.v5i2.3780.
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As a disaster-prone area, ASEAN had a set of disaster management mechanisms. In 2011 ASEAN established an institution that focuses on regional disaster management, namely the AHA Centre. However, the AHA Center did not show its significant role in some disasters. This article aimed to determine the obstacles faced by the AHA Center in 4 phases of international disaster management, namely mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, and to use the concept of the security community to analyze ASEAN norms, institutions, and collective identity and relation to disaster management through the AHA Centre. The method used is a qualitative research method. The data collection technique collaborated several techniques derived from interviews with Indonesia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the AHA Center, and BNPB RI, document-based research, and internet-based research. This research showed how the AHA Center had played a role in the four phases of disaster management. However, there were still shortcomings such as its limited role, lack of resource management, and mechanisms that only focused on government-to-government. In addition, this shortcoming can also be found stemming from the collective identity of ASEAN, which is applied in its regional disaster management. Thus, this study suggested that the ASEAN policymakers increase the role of the AHA Center in regional disaster management, improve mechanisms and resource management, and establish cross-pillar mechanisms of the ASEAN community.
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Krancher, Oliver, Ilan Oshri, Julia Kotlarsky y Jens Dibbern. "Bilateral, Collective, or Both? Formal Governance and Performance in Multisourcing". Journal of the Association for Information Systems 23, n.º 5 (2022): 1211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00751.
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While multisourcing offers benefits such as access to best-of-breed resources and enhanced competition, it also presents clients with a new governance challenge, namely the need to ensure that vendors not only deliver their individual contributions but also collaborate to produce a coherent joint outcome. Clients can address this challenge by combining bilateral governance focused on each vendor’s individual performance with collective governance aimed at the vendors’ joint performance. However, it is unclear how the simultaneous application of bilateral and collective governance affects multisourcing performance. Indeed, the literature falls short in systematically differentiating these governance mechanisms and empirically examining their interplay. Drawing on existing work on multisourcing and on the outsourcing governance literature, we argue that bilateral and collective governance direct efforts toward different performance dimensions (individual vs. joint), invoke different metaphors (market vs. team), and promote conflicting norms (competitive vs. cooperative), which can result in trade-offs when bilateral and collective governance mechanisms are combined. Results from a survey of 189 multisourcing arrangements support our expectation that bilateral and collective governance promote different performance dimensions. Notably, one collective governance mechanism, conflict management procedures, contributes to both individual and joint performance. We find substitutional effects between bilateral and collective governance in relation to joint performance but not individual performance, indicating that the benefits of collective governance for joint performance are more easily compromised than the benefits of bilateral governance for individual performance. We also observe complementary effects within collective governance mechanisms. Our key contribution lies in theorizing and empirically examining the effects and interplay of bilateral and collective governance in multisourcing.
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Della Torre, Edoardo. "Collective voice mechanisms, HRM practices and organizational performance in Italian manufacturing firms". European Management Journal 37, n.º 3 (junio de 2019): 398–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2018.09.001.
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Toropygin, A. V. "Collective Security Treaty Organization: Realities and Perspectives of Crisis Response". EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics, n.º 4 (23 de diciembre de 2022): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2022-04-149-156.
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This study is aimed at studying the key problem of regional security — crisis response within the framework of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO).Aim. Show that despite the development of the crisis mechanism, its current state does not satisfy the member states, which affects the overall security of the Eurasian space.Tasks. Consider the stages of development of crisis management through the prism of the development of the formation of the CSTO as an organization designed to ensure security in two directions: military security and countering “new challenges”.Methods. To compare the mechanisms for countering crises, the method of comparative analysis is used, including the provisions of international treaties, as well as successful and unsuccessful practices in the CIS and the CSTO.Results. Based on specific examples of activities and study of the decisions taken by the governing bodies of the CSTO, it is shown that the improvement of the direction of crisis management will become the main one in the development of the Organization.
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Miguel, Antonio F. "Key Mechanisms behind Pedestrian Dynamics: Individual and Collective Patterns of Motion". Diffusion Foundations 3 (febrero de 2015): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.3.153.
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Locomotion consists of cyclic events controlled by the neuronal activity of networks called central pattern generators. For a correct management of pedestrian flows, under regular or safety-critical situations, a deep understanding of individual and crowd dynamics is crucial. Here, we examine the emergence of walking and running forms of human gait. Individual locomotion and its interaction with other pedestrians is studied. Another key aspect examined is the self-organization experienced by a group of individuals which is a key concept to understand crowd dynamics. Self-organization leads to emergent properties, meaning that the whole system has characteristics that differ qualitatively from those of the component parts. The mechanisms behind the emergence of self-organized pattern of motion are also studied.
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Luu, Tuan. "Promoting logistics performance in Vietnam-based manufacturing firms". International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 49, n.º 1 (11 de febrero de 2019): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-07-2017-0238.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how service-oriented high-performance work systems (HPWSs) contribute to logistics performance and the mediation mechanisms underlying this relationship.Design/methodology/approachEmployees and their managers from logistics departments and/or business departments of manufacturing firms in the Vietnamese business setting were recruited as participants in the data collection. Structural equation modeling was employed for the data analysis.FindingsService-oriented HPWSs demonstrated the positive effects on logistics performance via serving culture. Serving culture was found to have the positive link with logistics performance via the mediating roles of collective role breadth self-efficacy and collective customer knowledge.Originality/valueThe current research extends the logistics management research by identifying service-oriented HPWSs as an antecedent of logistics performance as well as the mediation mechanisms underlying this effect.
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Carù, Antonella y Bernard Cova. "Co-creating the collective service experience". Journal of Service Management 26, n.º 2 (20 de abril de 2015): 276–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-07-2014-0170.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify which consumption practices lead to the co-creation of collective service experiences and to outline a conceptual framework for their understanding. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a multiple case vignette approach combining examples from leisure industries described as perfect contexts to study collective experiences. Four case vignettes were selected according to community forms and types as defined by consumer culture literature. Findings – The study identifies and delineates the neglected phenomenon of the co-creation of collective service experiences and related practices. It highlights the ambivalence of these practices in terms of the co-creation or co-destruction of the experience and indicates their relative unmanageability. Research limitations/implications – The cases largely rest on symbolic service experiences, which are a small set of the total universe of consumer experiences. Practical implications – Companies should replace their efforts in organizing consumer practices with monitoring mechanisms and react to collective consumer actions, pursuing a co-evolutionary perspective when they do not have a dominant and permanent role in the relationship with their consumers. Originality/value – The paper gives voice to an understudied collective phenomenon in service management and provides the building blocks for its conceptualization.
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Seabright, Paul. "Managing Local Commons: Theoretical Issues in Incentive Design". Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 1993): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.7.4.113.
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Local commons encompass a wide range of resources whose shared feature is the need for some form of collective management. In what follows, we shall be concerned mainly with the problems of implementing a collective management plan. Whatever the mechanisms invoked, many recent contributions to the literature have stressed that relatively informal collective management of common property resources can in the right circumstances avoid the severe resource degradation predicted by “the tragedy of the commons.” Nevertheless, both empirical and theoretical arguments suggest that cooperative behavior may be only partial, and the incentives of short-term self-interest only partially held in check. Under what circumstances, then, can more formal implementation mechanisms make good the deficiency? And, given that formal incentives are typically stronger than informal ones, are there any reasons why informal incentives might nevertheless sometimes be preferred?
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DROEGE, SCOTT B. y MATTHEW R. MARVEL. "PROCESS MECHANISMS OF INSTITUTIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP". Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 15, n.º 02 (junio de 2010): 205–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946710001518.
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Field and historical data from China delineate two specific process mechanisms that facilitate institutional change: diminished utility of regulatory controls and negotiated boundaries of institutional space. These mechanisms tend to have entrepreneurial origins and, together, create new institutions when in the context of other factors that may be present in emerging economy institutional transition. These mechanisms link praxis, or experiential participation, with institutional change, thus enhancing our understanding of the drivers of entrepreneur-initiated institutional transition. Specifically, the effectiveness of regulatory controls decreases in the presence of collective entrepreneurial action and mobilization. In addition, negotiated boundaries of institutional space increase in the presence of reflective shifts in consciousness and increased activity of potential institutional entrepreneurship.
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Li, Ran, Siting Wang y Hui Wang. "Leader humility and team creativity: The role of team creative efficacy and task interdependence". Journal of General Management 47, n.º 4 (julio de 2022): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063070211035766.
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Although research on leader humility is developing into a prominent literature, the majority of studies have focused on the dyadic or individual rather than collective outcomes of leader humility. Thus, our understanding of the influencing mechanisms and boundary conditions of leader humility remains limited, particularly on the collective work outcome of team creativity, which requires more voluntary effort from employees. Drawing on social cognitive theory and social interdependence theory, our study investigates how leader humility promotes team creativity through team creative efficacy, with the moderation of a contextual factor, task interdependence. We used a sample of 84 teams and 393 employees surveyed in two waves of data collection. Overall, our study yields a mediated moderation model in which the positive indirect effect of leader humility via team creative efficacy on team creativity is stronger when team task interdependence is low rather than high. This study extends our understanding of how leader humility may influence work teams collectively and how the effectiveness of such a leader characteristic may be influenced by a structural factor of the work team. Other theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.
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Lawther, Wendell C., Earle C. Traynham y Kenneth M. Jennings. "Compensation Control Mechanisms in the American States". Public Personnel Management 18, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1989): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102608901800306.
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There are few studies which report on the personnel practices in the American states. A survey of state compensation analysts in the Summer of 1987 elicited information concerning the use of compensation controls in state government. Results indicate that with the exception of wage and salary surveys, data concerning compensation controls is rarely collected. Initial analysis indicates that the role of the legislature and the existence of collective bargaining may have an impact on the number of controls used.
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Riddervold, Marianne. "From reason-giving to collective action: Argument-based learning and European integration". Cooperation and Conflict 46, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2011): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836711422493.
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The aim of this article is to contribute to the further development of deliberative theory—to make it more applicable to research on EU integration—by establishing alternative and more concise micro-mechanisms to those of the rationalist bargaining perspectives. It is suggested that the micro-mechanism through which deliberation has an effect on outcomes is what is termed argument-based learning, which means that an actor accepts the validity of a presented argument so that (s)he acts upon it. Moreover, the article differentiates between three types of argument-based learning considered relevant in the EU context. On this basis, it suggests a two-step analytical approach for studies of EU decision-making processes. In trying out the empirical relevance of the framework, it is applied to a case where one would not expect agreements on common EU policies to have been reached due to argument-based learning, namely EU coordination towards the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC). The framework proved helpful in accounting for agreements that are puzzling from a rationalist perspective.
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Stavridou, Sylvia. "Collective Management of Copyright in Greece After the Implementation of Directive 2014/26/EU". GRUR International 69, n.º 2 (18 de enero de 2020): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikz021.
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Abstract The Collective Management Law (L. 4481/17) transposed Directive 2014/26/EU into national law, and also set a voluminous legal framework on collective management with intensive state intervention. This placed Greece’s collective management organisations (CMOs) in a less favourable operating condition compared with those in other Member States. The implementation procedure in Greece plunged the music market into crisis, and showed that many national CMOs were unprepared to adapt to the new burdensome administrative measures and overloaded the existing competent authority with a variety of monitoring and supervisory tasks. The challenge for legislative initiatives and supervisory mechanisms remains to strike a balance between the quest for transparency and accountability and the viability of smaller and weaker CMOs. This article aims to give a short survey of the new legal framework on collective management in relation to the current day-to-day situation and the case law.
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ESELEBOR, Willie Aziegbe. "Seme Border, Nigeria: Safety and Collective Vulnerability". Borders in Globalization Review 2, n.º 1 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr21202019861.
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The induced border closure at Seme Border, Nigeria, on March 23, 2020 is just one among other closures carried out from 1984-2020. The closure brings to the fore issues of safety and collective vulnerability of the border communities and the existing coping mechanisms for addressing their fears. In the absence of constructive engagement with the vulnerable, the people often resorted to self-help by creating alternate routes (bush paths and waterways) thereby rendering the securitisation of border security (Border Drill) management ineffectual. In decision-making and for a successful implementation, it is important to allow for a buy-in from those affected by such policy.
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Henry, Leona A. y Guido Möllering. "Collective Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Trust as an Organizing PrincipleDate submitted: September 30, 2017Revised version accepted after double blind review: October 18, 2018". management revue 30, n.º 2-3 (2019): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2019-2-3-173.
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Organizing corporate social responsibility (CSR) on a collective, rather than on the individual firm level, results in a set of specific challenges for organizations. The aim of this article is to assess these challenges inherent in collective CSR and to conceptualize trust as an organizing principle within these networks. To do so, we explore and outline the chief challenges faced within horizontal cooperation between inter-organizational actors aiming to realize CSR efforts collectively. Subsequently, we draw from the literature on trust as an organizing principle in inter-organizational networks and go on to develop mechanisms through which trust can address these challenges. This article contributes a new analytical framework that informs future studies on the role of trust in collective CSR. It enables a differentiated analysis of the potential, but also the pitfalls, of trust-based CSR at the network level.
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Mello, João, Cristina de de Lorenzo, Fco Alberto Campos y José Villar. "Pricing and Simulating Energy Transactions in Energy Communities". Energies 16, n.º 4 (15 de febrero de 2023): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041949.
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Extensive literature is available for modeling and simulating local electricity markets, often called P2P electricity markets, and for pricing local energy transactions in energy communities. Market models and pricing mechanisms provide simulation tools to better understand how these new markets behave, helping to design their main rules for real applications, and assessing the financial compensations of the internal energy transactions. As such, pricing mechanisms are often needed in energy management systems when centralized management approaches are preferred to market-based ones. First, this paper highlights the links between local electricity markets, pricing mechanisms for local electricity transactions, and other approaches to sharing the collective benefits of participating in transactive energy communities. Then, a standard nomenclature is defined to review some of the main pricing mechanisms for local energy transactions, an innovative pricing mechanism based on the economic principles of a post-delivery pool market is proposed, and other relevant approaches for local electricity market simulation such as Nash equilibrium or agent-based simulation are also revisited. The revision was based on systematic searches in common research databases and on the authors’ experience in European and national projects, including local industrial applications for the past five years. A qualitative assessment of the reviewed methods is also provided, and the research challenges are highlighted. This review is intended to serve as a practical guide to pricing mechanisms and market simulation procedures for practical designs of internal financial compensation to share the collective benefits of energy communities.
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Yuldashov, Abdumumin. "THE ROLE OF COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT IN ENSURING COPYRIGHT PROTECTION IN UZBEKISTAN". Jurisprudence 2, n.º 2 (19 de julio de 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.2.2./ywgv1230.
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The article discusses the current state and processes of copyright protection in Uzbekistan, in particular, the role of organizations that manage property rights on a collective basis. It is known that according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Copyright and Related Rights”, authors, performers, producers of phonograms or other copyright holders of works of science, literature and art, in order to exercise their property rights, have the right to create organizations that manage their property rights on a collective basis. The article highlights the legal significance of the legal methods and means used by such organizations in the performance of their tasks and functions. Due to the fact that organizations that manage property rights on a collective basis are entitled to take any legal actions necessary to protect the rights they manage, the legal nature of these actions, the mechanisms for protecting the property and personal non-property rights of authors and right holders with highlights. The article also provides that an organization which manages property rights on a collective basis may agree with users on the amount of remuneration to be paid on behalf of the right holders and the basis of the powers arising from them, and other terms of contracts. Issues such as entering into agreements with users and negotiating with users the amount of remuneration for exercising the rights managed by the organization were also discussed. The conclusion based on the issue of improving the “institution” of collective copyright management in Uzbekistan is provided at the end of the article.
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Marengo, Luigi y Giovanni Dosi. "Division of labor, organizational coordination and market mechanisms in collective problem-solving". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 58, n.º 2 (octubre de 2005): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2004.03.020.
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Mokline, Bechir y Mohamed Anis Ben Abdallah. "The Mechanisms of Collective Resilience in a Crisis Context: The Case of The ‘COVID-19’ Crisis". Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management 23, n.º 1 (4 de enero de 2022): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40171-021-00293-7.
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Franco, C. Eugine y S. Rubha. "AN OVERVIEW ABOUT JIT (JUST-IN-TIME) - INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, n.º 4(SE) (30 de abril de 2017): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4(se).2017.1944.
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A stock out is undesirable for manufacturers because it halts the production process. An inventory is the stock of ideal resources in a firm for future use. Manufacturing organizations typically have raw materials, components, sub-assemblies, tools and equipment’s; semi-finished goods etc., the inventory of an item should not be neither too high nor too less. It should be optimal. The recent development in inventory management is JIT (Just-in-Time). JIT implies handling of inventory in a much disciplined way. It requires changes in culture. It also encompasses the Japanese managerial characteristics i.e., Lifetime employment, implicit control mechanisms, collective decision making, collective responsibility and holistic concern for employees. JIT applies to all functions of a company not just the operations.
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Lin, Haiying, Yanyan Li y Li Zhou. "A Consociation Model: Organization of Collective Entrepreneurship for Village Revitalization". Systems 10, n.º 4 (21 de agosto de 2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10040127.
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This study focused on how rural communities adopted consociational mechanisms to organize collective entrepreneurship, addressing the conflicts across the divergent social groups toward a convergent process that allows different entrepreneurs to fold into a grand coalition. It extended the theory of consociation from political science to the field of social entrepreneurship and inductively theorized the dimensional mechanisms based on the collective entrepreneurial effort of Yuan village in Shaanxi province of China. The results demonstrated four streams of consociational mechanisms: (1) emancipation to empower the vulnerable groups, (2) reconciliation of divergent interests, (3) reflection learning to generate reciprocity, and (4) proportional participation to institutionalize a hierarchical order in the community. These results advance the consociation theory and the organization of social change literature with strong policy implications.
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Nikitin, B. E., M. N. Ivliev, K. V. Chekudaev, E. S. Akatov, Y. V. Bugaev y I. I. Vorona. "The organizations management multi-criteria objects aggregate rating construction". Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, n.º 2 (27 de septiembre de 2021): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-2-251-258.
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The article deals with the higher education institutions national aggregate rating constructing problem. This task is relevant in terms of improving management processes in educational organizations. This problem is formulated as a collective choice problem. Proposed to use voting in small groups as aggregation procedures, which satisfies the Condorcet principle. Three collective choice rules description is given in the paper. Obtained on the Bord, Copeland and Kemeny basis procedure salternatives final orderings stability is illustrated by concrete examples. The empirical mean is considered as a Kemeny median approximation. The Bord procedure instability with respect to changes in the initial scores obtained by universities in the ranking mechanisms under consideration is illustrated by examples. This paper presents the results of applying the described small-group voting procedures to a limited sample. This sample consists of data from 15 higher educational institutions from one of the Russian Federation regions. Universities constructed three aggregated ranks proximity degree was evaluated using two metrics - Kendall's rank correlation coefficient and Kemeny's distance. Based on the obtained results comparative analysis, it was made a conclusion about the expediency of using Condorcet-consistent collective selection procedures when constructing educational organizations aggregate ranking.
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Leite, Alysson Bandeira Ribeiro, Ana Cristina de Oliveira Nobre, Antonio Wegley Calixto Paz, Lilia Helena Do Nascimento Soares, Fabiana Pinto de Almeida Bizarria y Alexsandra Maria Sousa Silva. "Reflections on the limits and possibilities of democratic management in High Schools in a City in Ceará". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss12.3574.
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This paper discusses Education Management in the context of Public Policies. The objective is to understand the limits and possibilities of a Democratic Management in High Schools in a municipality of the State of Ceará. The qualitative research used the methodological strategy of multiple case study, collecting data through document analysis and interviews with members of the core management of two high schools. The results indicated that democratic management is made possible by means of similar mechanisms between the schools, but obtains different results due to educational conditions, related to workload, curricular components, and physical facilities. It was possible to discuss the potential of democratic management and the actions that favor collectivity, while there are limits, such as bureaucratic obstacles, considered challenging for collective decision-making.
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David, Robert J., Candace Jones y Grégoire Croidieu. "Putting categories in their place: A research agenda for theorizing place in category research". Strategic Organization 21, n.º 1 (febrero de 2023): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14761270231152955.
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Existing category research tends to divorce categories from place. When considered at all, place is often relegated to the contextual background. We see at least three important elements of place that can inform our understanding of categories: first, categories are rooted in the materiality of place; second, those who inhabit a place often share a collective identity that can impart meaning to categories; third, places influence the collective action that underlies category processes. Accordingly, we call for categories “to be put in their place” in category research, by attending to the materialities, collective identities, and collective action present in place. We present an integrative framework for future research that links place, categories, and organizational outcomes, and suggest mechanisms that link these constructs.
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Zwinger, Verena y Elisabeth Brameshuber. "Collectively Agreed (Minimum) Labour Conditions as Protection Boosters". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 34, Issue 1 (1 de marzo de 2018): 77–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2018004.
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The steady fall in unionization rates has led to the evident weakening of collective bargaining powers, resulting in a decline in collective bargaining coverage in many Member States of the European Union (EU) in recent years. In Germany, one of the responses of the legislator to this development was the introduction of a statutory national minimum wage. However, there are still national systems, such as Austria and the Scandinavian countries, where collective bargaining plays a major role in setting employment standards. The first two parts of this article examine the different standard-setting mechanisms in place, taking a closer look at minimum wage legislation and collectively bargained wages in particular. The article also considers the fact that non-standard employment relationships, in particular in the so-called gig economy, seem to fall between two stools: in the majority of EU Member States non-standard workers fall under the scope neither of statutory minimum standards, nor of collective bargaining agreements. This article argues that collective bargaining could be a key factor in efforts to ensure fair and just working conditions, while protecting non-standard workers from other risks historically covered by social security.
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Zainudin, Ainur Zaireen y Khadijah Hussin. "The cooperative-collective sharing arrangement of gated communities in Malaysia". Property Management 33, n.º 4 (17 de agosto de 2015): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-01-2014-0002.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discover the operational character of gated communities in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a small case study conducted in Iskandar Malaysia, an economic development region located in the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia. In the case study, 12 housing developers were interviewed, involving 32 gated communities altogether. The investigation covered the identification of the governing document used in operating a gated community, the operational purposes and scopes, the arrangement for collection of maintenance fee, and the internal governance within the gated communities. Findings – From the analysis, it was found that two types of gated communities exist in the case study areas, namely the strata gated community scheme, and the gated community scheme (GACOS). The operational mechanism for the former is through a set of rules enforced by the government. Meanwhile, the latter is based on the arrangement set up either by the developer, where legal agreement is applicable, or through the consensus among homeowners. However, despite these differences, both mechanisms share the same intention, that is to operate the gated community based on cooperative-collective sharing arrangement. Research limitations/implications – Despite the vulnerability of GACOS enclosure components, the case study revealed that the number of GACOS is still bigger than the strata gated community scheme. Since this perspective is lacking in this paper, it is suggested that more studies are conducted to explain the reasons behind the indicated phenomenon. Originality/value – The most important contribution of the paper is to highlight the importance of gating experience that is heavily influenced by the local policy setting to determine the survival of a gated community; thus, demonstrating how different they are from each other.
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Bogdanov, D. R. y O. V. Darintsev. "Ensuring for effective use of energy resources in mobile robots group". Proceedings of the Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics 12, n.º 1 (2017): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21662/uim2017.1.014.
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For the successful functioning of the robot team, the necessary condition is the availability of sufficient energy resources and the mechanism for their effective distribution within the group. Reducing the consumption of resources is planned using the optimal distribution of tasks from the point of view of energy costs, and to increase the effectiveness of the collective — thanks to the use of energy exchange mechanisms between agents. The proposed variant of the power system’s architecture for an individual robot, the algorithm of its operation and hardware are considered as the basis for the synthesis of an intelligent monitoring and managing energy supplies system, which allows the redistribution of the collective energy resources among robot-agents in accordance with the chosen behavior strategy. The main components of the being developed system are wireless energy exchange modules, an energy management system and a hardware&software complex that implements support for both individual and group management of energy flows.
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Kocher, Eva. "The regulation of conflicts in the German industrial relations system: legal and extralegal institutions and procedures". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 8, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2002): 654–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890200800405.
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The German law of conflict resolution in labour law distinguishes between legal disputes and regulatory disputes or conflicts of interest. The industrial tribunals have exclusive competence in the resolution of legal disputes; regulatory disputes can be tackled by various out-of-court mechanisms, especially collective disputes at plant level. It would contravene the constitutional principle of free collective bargaining legally to prescribe compulsory conciliation or arbitration in collective bargaining disputes. The fact that individual disputes are referred to the tribunals or courts does not mean, however, that they will necessarily be treated in a legal way and decided and result in a judgment. The tribunals work as active conciliators as well. It is an open political question how mechanisms at plant level can contribute to resolving these kinds of disputes.
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Fisher, Edward George. "Can Strikes Pay for Management?" Articles 62, n.º 1 (10 de mayo de 2007): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015796ar.
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Collective bargaining and antitrust law emancipated players. The advent of free agency and related contractual provisions created a battle line over splitting revenues. Work stoppages can foster players’ resisting or employers’ enforcing “salary restraint mechanisms.” Each major sport had a major showdown and corresponding turnaround in “survival bargaining.” My framework adds “litigious and other maneuvers” as backups to the traditional strategic choices of “reconfiguring” versus “forcing” or “resisting change.” It expands on Walton and McKersie’s “sanction as an investment device,” “intra-organizational bargaining,” and “attitudinal structuring” (1965). In each major turnaround management eventually achieved a stable contractual formula consistent with a three-pronged formula: (1) demonstrate a performance gap, (2) play on worst fears via sanctions or their threat, and (3) provide incentives to settle or change.
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Dovey, Ken, Steve Burdon y Robert Simpson. "Creative leadership as a collective achievement: An Australian case". Management Learning 48, n.º 1 (3 de agosto de 2016): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350507616651387.
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In this article, we examine the construct of ‘leadership’ through an analysis of the social practices that underpinned the Australian Broadcasting Corporation television production entitled The Code. Positioning the production within the neo-bureaucratic organisational form currently adopted by the global television industry, we explore new conceptualisations of the leadership phenomenon emerging within this industry in response to the increasingly complex, uncertain and interdependent nature of creative work within it. We show how the polyarchic governance regime characteristic of the neo-bureaucratic organisational form ensures broadcaster control and coordination through ‘hard power’ mechanisms embedded in the commissioning process and through ‘soft power’ relational practices that allow creative licence to those employed in the production. Furthermore, we show how both sets of practices (commissioning and creative practices) leverage and regenerate the relational resources – such as trust, commitment and resilience – gained from rich stakeholder experience of working together in the creative industries over a significant period of time. Referencing the leadership-as-practice perspective, we highlight the contingent and improvisational nature of these practices and metaphorically describe the leadership manifesting in this production as a form of ‘interstitial glue’ that binds and shapes stakeholder interests and collective agency.
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Arnholtz, Jens, Guglielmo Meardi y Johannes Oldervoll. "Collective wage bargaining under strain in northern European construction: Resisting institutional drift?" European Journal of Industrial Relations 24, n.º 4 (3 de agosto de 2018): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680118790816.
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Internationalization, trade union decline, enforcement problems and rising self-employment all strain the effectiveness of collective wage bargaining arrangements in northern European construction. We examine Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the UK, and show that these strains have pushed trade unions to seek assistance from the state to stabilize wage regulation, but with results that vary according to employer strategies and the power balances between the actors. While Denmark and the UK have barely introduced any state support, Norway has followed the Netherlands and Germany in introducing legal mechanisms for extension of collectively agreed minimum wage terms. The country studies suggest that state assistance alleviates some of the strain, but does not reverse the trends, and the comparison indicates that both institutional innovation and reorganization may be required if wage bargaining is not to drift into different functions.
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Adia, Alexander C., Michelle J. Ng, Ma Irene Quilantang, Arjee J. Restar, Laufred I. Hernandez, Reynaldo H. Imperial, Jennifer Nazareno y Don Operario. "Collective Coping Strategies for HIV-Related Challenges Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Manila, Philippines". AIDS Education and Prevention 31, n.º 5 (octubre de 2019): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2019.31.5.479.
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Contextual factors, such as cultures of collectivism versus individualism, shape HIV coping strategies; despite this, little research regarding collective coping strategies applied to HIV exists. This may be important for the growing HIV epidemic in the Philippines, which has a collectivistic culture and where men who have sex with men (MSM) account for a majority of the cases. Fifteen semistructured, in-depth interviews with HIV-positive MSM and 6 interviews with community-based organization workers were conducted between June and August 2017. Data were analyzed using thematic framework analysis. Three strategies were identified: peer support, spirituality, and support from existing relationships. Each form of collective coping had unique mechanisms and benefits for dealing with HIV. Overall, helping MSM with HIV find a collective identity after an HIV diagnosis enables management of HIV-related challenges. Policies and research interventions that improve access to collective identities for MSM with HIV may improve management of HIV-related challenges.
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YERKES, MARA A. "Collective Protection for New Social Risks: Childcare and the Dutch Welfare State". Journal of Social Policy 43, n.º 4 (16 de junio de 2014): 811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279414000385.
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AbstractIssues such as caring and family policy have received increased attention within the sociological literature on the welfare state during the past decades. At the same time, there has been much debate about the protection of social risks. In particular, scholars have questioned the ability of welfare states to respond to so-called new social risks, such as reconciling work and care. The literature on new social risks assumes welfare states will have difficulty addressing these risks due to pressures for reform and assumed individual responsibility for new social risks. In contrast, the Dutch welfare state has been successful in re-orienting existing institutions to develop a semi-collectivised yet market-driven form of childcare policy. Using qualitative interview data and document analysis, this article analyses the development of Dutch childcare policy from 1995 to 2009. The development of childcare policy is attributed to three social mechanisms: a common perception among actors viewing childcare as a solution to improve women's employment; a party politics mechanism, which creates a distinct Dutch approach to childcare; and a corporatist mechanism, referring to the interaction between the state and industrial relations, which failed in the area of childcare policy. The development of childcare policy has not been wholly unproblematic, however, and therefore a critical discussion of these developments is offered. Also, an update of policy developments through to 2013 is provided.
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Weber, Wolfgang Georg y Hans Jeppe Jeppesen. "Collective Human Agency in the Context of Organizational Participation". Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 61, n.º 2 (abril de 2017): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000234.
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Abstract. Connecting the social cognitive approach of human agency by Bandura (1997) and activity theory by Leontiev (1978) , this paper proposes a new theoretical framework for analyzing and understanding employee participation in organizational decision-making. Focusing on the social cognitive concepts of self-reactiveness, self-reflectiveness, intentionality, and forethought, commonalities, complementarities, and differences between both theories are explained. Efficacy in agency is conceived as a cognitive foundation of work motivation, whereas the mediation of societal requirements and resources through practical activity is conceptualized as an ecological approach to motivation. Additionally, we discuss to which degree collective objectifications can be understood as material indicators of employees’ collective efficacy. By way of example, we explore whether an integrated application of concepts from both theories promotes a clearer understanding of mechanisms connected to the practice of employee participation.
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Chikudate, Nobuyuki. "The State of Collective Myopia in Japanese Business Communities: A Phenomenological Study for Exploring Blocking Mechanisms for Change". Journal of Management Studies 36, n.º 1 (enero de 1999): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00126.
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Dmitriev, Sergey S. "Digital Mobilization: New Mechanisms and Opportunities for Political Governance". Administrative Consulting, n.º 2 (14 de mayo de 2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2021-2-18-25.
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The article examines the ways and methods of digital mobilization of citizens for protest marches in the cities of the Russian Federation (for example, the city of Pskov) on January 23 and 31, 2021. The research issue is the need to understand the system of digital mobilization — from campaigning to the transition to collective, public action.As part of the study, an expert interview was conducted among the organizers of rallies, the regional establishment, party workers, and trade union activists. The monitoring of protest groups in social networks (VKontakte, Telegram, Instagram) was also carried out for the tonality of information and the mechanisms for mobilizing citizens presented. They also used the method of observing the process of transition from digital mobilization to collective action and directly following the protest processions themselves.During the analysis, the author concludes that social media is a key channel of communication and consolidation of protest activity, with the social networks VKontakte and Telegram playing the main role in Russian political practice. In this connection, conclusions are drawn about the possibility of political management of protests using an information strategy aimed at stopping negative information labels and media occasions on VKontakte and Telegram, as well as developing an alternative protest agenda.
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Kwak, Chang-Gyu, Namhoon Ki y Suk-Joon Hwang. "Selective vs. Collective Outcomes of Collaborative Governance: The Impacts of Federal Stimulus Programs on Local and Regional Governance Outcomes". Sustainability 13, n.º 21 (28 de octubre de 2021): 11941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111941.
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A number of studies have demonstrated that local government’s self-governing mechanisms can bring about positive collective outcomes for an entire region. However, less attention has been paid to different levels of collective outcomes (e.g., individual local governments vs. entire regions). Comparing such selective and collective outcomes in interlocal collaborations, this study attempts to explore which specific collaborative self-governing mechanisms can better work for which respective outcomes. Applying network approaches with time-series cross-sectional data, this study investigates how each local government’s network position and the network structure as a whole influence the impact of Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants on job creation in terms of the regional green economy. Empirical results demonstrate the need for separating selective and collective outcomes in developing theories of regional governance. Additionally, the results provide practitioners with advice on how to manage interlocal relationships in order to maximize collective outcomes at different levels
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Bachev, H. y G. Kharlamova. "MECHANISMS AND MODES OF GOVERNANCE OF AGRO-ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN BULGARIA". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, n.º 217 (2021): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2021/217-4/1.
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The products and the variety of direct and indirect benefits that humans receive from nature and the various ecosystems are commonly known as ecosystem services. Agricultural ecosystems of different types and their specific “agro-ecosystem” services are among the most widespread in the world. In recent years increasing attention is given to the system of (“good”) governance as a key to achieving public, collective, corporate, and private goals in relation to conservation and improvement of (agro)ecosystem services. Nevertheless, in Bulgaria, like in many other countries, there are few studies on the specific mechanisms, modes, factors, and efficiency of agro-ecosystem survives governance. This article presents the initial results of a large-scale study on the governance of diverse ecosystem services in Bulgarian agriculture. Firstly, it identifies the type, amount, and importance of various ecosystem services maintained and “produced” by the Bulgarian farms. The study has found out that country’s farms provide a great number of essential ecosystem services among which provisioning food and feed, and conservation of elements of the natural environment prevail. Secondly, it identifies and assesses the efficiency and complementarities of specific modes and mechanisms of governance of ecosystem services used by agricultural holdings. The study has found out that a great variety of private, market, collective, public and hybrid modes of governance of farm activity related to agroecosystem services are applied. There is significant differentiation of employed managerial forms depending on the type of ecosystem services and the specialization of agricultural farms. Furthermore, the management of agroecosystem services is associated with a considerable increase in the production and transaction costs of participating farms as well as big socio-economic and environmental effects for agricultural holdings and other parties. The factors that mostly stimulate the activity of agricultural producers in Bulgaria for protection of (agro)ecosystems services are participation in public support programs, access to farmers’ advice, professional training, available information, and innovation received direct subsidies from the EU and national government, personal conviction and satisfaction, positive experience of others, long-term and immediate benefits for the farm, and integration with suppliers, buyers, and processors. The suggested holistic and interdisciplinary framework for analyzing the system of governance of agro-ecosystem services is to be further extended and improved, and more widely and periodically applied in the future. The latter requires systematic indepth multidisciplinary research in this new area, as well as the collection of original micro- and macro information on ecosystem survives, forms, efficiency, and factors of their management. The accuracy of analyzes is to be improved by increasing representativeness through enlarging the number of surveyed farms and related agents, applying statistical methods, special “training” of participants, etc. as well as improving the official system for collecting agricultural, agro-economic, and agrienvironmental information in the country.
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Jiang, Yuan y Chao C. Chen. "Integrating Knowledge Activities for Team Innovation: Effects of Transformational Leadership". Journal of Management 44, n.º 5 (2 de marzo de 2016): 1819–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206316628641.
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We conducted two studies to explore integrative, knowledge-centered team mechanisms through which transformational leadership affects team innovative performance. In the first study, using temporarily assembled project teams working on knowledge-intensive tasks, we found that transformational leadership promoted within-team knowledge sharing and team innovative performance through an integration mechanism manifest as team cooperative norms, and such a mediation process was significant even after controlling for another mediation process of team autonomy. In the second study, using permanent work teams in various functional areas, we replicated the integrative mechanism and associated transformational leadership with external team knowledge acquisition, which further moderated the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation. Our findings point to the importance of the integration function of transformational leadership in enhancing collective innovation.
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Manzo, Gerardo y Antonio Picca. "The Impact of Sovereign Shocks". Management Science 66, n.º 7 (julio de 2020): 3113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3326.
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This paper studies the dynamic propagation mechanisms of systemic risk shocks within and across macrosystems of governments and financial institutions. We propose a novel approach to identify relevant systemic shocks and to classify them into sovereign or banking categories. We find that sovereign shocks have a significant and persistent impact on the probability of a collective banking default. We also explore channels through which these shocks propagate and identify how sovereign fiscal fragility and banking exposure are relevant mechanisms of shock transmission. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
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Recchia, Giuseppe Antonio. "The future of collective bargaining in Italy between legislative reforms and social partners’ responses". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 23, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2017): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258917729320.
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In recent years, Italian legislation seems to have accomplished a ‘corporatisation’ of collective bargaining in response to employers’ demands, without the filter of national collective bargaining. Article 8 of Law No. 148/2011 made it possible to deviate from legislative provisions and industry-wide collective bargaining on a wide range of topics. The Legislative Decrees implementing the Jobs Act in 2015 have gone even further, allowing the possibility of a different regulation both through different levels of collective bargaining and through individual agreements. Faced with these changes in the balance of power, collective bargaining has been weakened. Nevertheless, a number of national sectoral agreements have provided for ambitious efforts to establish a new relationship between the levels of collective bargaining or the mechanisms of collective agreements, as well as to re-regulate forms of workers’ representation. As these national agreements are based on the voluntary compliance of workers’ organisations and employers’ associations, their implementation and enforcement in order to be effective will need to be accompanied by a re-establishment of the role of collective bargaining.