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Håkansson, Helena, Caroline Hasselgren y Lotta Dellve. "Collective Versus Individual Influence at Work Procedural Autonomy, Individual Arrangements, and Intention to Leave Work in the Eldercare Sector". Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 9, n.º 1 (14 de febrero de 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.230.
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This study examines the importance of different forms of influence on the work situation for counteracting intentions to leave work among older employees working in the public eldercare sector in Sweden. We particularly study the importance of procedural autonomy and individual arrangements on intention to leave. Procedural autonomy, i.e., the possibility to adjust the workday temporarily without negotiation, is contrasted with individually negotiated arrangements made with a supervisor or manager. The relation between occupational position and the different forms of influence was also controlled for. The article is based on a survey directed to employees aged 55–70 years working in the public eldercare sector in one municipality in Sweden (n=769) and analyzed with structural equation modelling. The results show low intentions to leave, and that procedural autonomy and possibilities for making individual arrangements regarding financial incentives have a negative association with intention to leave. The prevalence of individual arrangements differs depending on class position and the specific arrangement. Flexible schedules and financial incentives are less possible to influence for employees in lower-grade occupational class positions whereas employees in a higher-grade service class position had lower opportunities for making task and work arrangements. Finally, financial incentives are slightly more important than procedural autonomy for intentions to leave, but it is also the only individual arrangement affecting intention to leave.
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Stewart, Mark B. "Collective Bargaining Arrangements, Closed Shops and Relative Pay". Economic Journal 97, n.º 385 (marzo de 1987): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233327.
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Marcel, Jean-Christophe. "Mauss et Halbwachs : vers la fondation d’une psychologie collective (1920-1945) ?" Sociologie et sociétés 36, n.º 2 (11 de julio de 2005): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011049ar.
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Résumé Dès les années 1920, Mauss et Halbwachs jettent les bases d’une « psychologie collective » qui se soucie du contenu des représentations collectives. Ils admettent cette idée selon laquelle les consciences individuelles peuvent produire la réalité sociale, et ne sont pas qu’une manifestation individuelle « résiduelle » des évolutions de la conscience collective, et ils s’orientent vers une étude plus « compréhensive » du vécu des hommes en groupe. Mauss dresse un programme de collaboration entre sciences sociales qui, à ses yeux, doit permettre de jeter des ponts entre états mentaux individuels et collectifs, en vue de bâtir une science de « l’homme total » qui examine l’activité du groupe pour autant qu’elle révèle des arrangements psycho-physiologiques susceptibles d’éclairer la réalité du groupe dans son intégralité. Halbwachs de son côté bâtit une psychologie collective dans laquelle l’activité psychique des individus en groupe est assimilable à un « instinct collectif de survie » émanant de leur rassemblement.
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Wetzel, Kurt y Daniel G. Gallagher. "The Saskatchwan Government’s Internal Arrangements to Accomodate Collective Bargaining". Relations industrielles 34, n.º 3 (12 de abril de 2005): 452–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028986ar.
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This study looks at three models employee! by Saskatchewan's provincial public sector management to facilitate bargaining. First is a relatively conventional adaptation to bargaining with provincial civil servants. In the second, associations of nursing homes and hospitals bargain in the presence of a government observer. The third has the government and school trustees, with government holding the balance of power, negotiating jointly with the teachers. The paper also discusses the central coordination and control functions which the government has developed to deal with bargaining.
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Jain, Anoop y Debasish Ghose. "Trajectory-Constrained Collective Circular Motion With Different Phase Arrangements". IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 65, n.º 5 (mayo de 2020): 2237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2019.2940233.
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Besamusca, Janna y Kea Tijdens. "Comparing collective bargaining agreements for developing countries". International Journal of Manpower 36, n.º 1 (7 de abril de 2015): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2014-0262.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to fill several knowledge gaps regarding the contents of collective agreements, using a new online database. The authors analyse 249 collective agreements from 11 countries – Benin, Brazil, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Peru, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda. The authors research to what extent wage and other remuneration-related clauses, working hours, paid leave arrangements and work-family arrangements are included in collective agreements and whether bargaining topics cluster within agreements. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the web-based WageIndicator Collective Bargaining Agreement Database with uniformly coded agreements, that are both collected and made accessible online. The authors present a quantitative multi-country comparison of the inclusion and contents of the clauses in the agreements. Findings – The authors find that 98 per cent of the collective agreements include clauses on wages, but that only few agreements specify wage levels. Up to 71 per cent have clauses on social security, 89 per cent on working hours and 84 per cent of work-family arrangements. The authors also find that collective agreements including one of these four clauses, are also more likely to include the other three and conclude that no trade off exists between their inclusion on the bargaining agenda. Research limitations/implications – Being one of the first multi-country analyses of collective agreements, the analysis is primarily explorative, aiming to establish a factual baseline with regard to the contents of collective agreements. Originality/value – This study is unique because of its focus on the content of collective bargaining agreements. The authors are the first to be able to show empirically which clauses are included in existing collective agreements in developing countries.
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Miller, Kenneth. "Union Exclusivity Arrangements: A Comparative Overview". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 16, Issue 4 (1 de diciembre de 2000): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/321109.
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The purpose of this article is to compare the new British trade union recognition procedures with those of Canada and the United States. The article considers how the new legal framework in Britain affects the collective bargaining process and contrasts this with North American arrangements. It is argued that the British legal position involves a much lower level of interference with the administration of collective agreements and a much higher level of autonomy and independence given to workers to negotiate their own terms and conditions of employment than is the case in Canada or the United States. The article also examines the level of statutory and judicial support given to union security arrangements in Canada and the United States and compares this with the British position where no change has been made to the extensive range of statutory protections given to the non-union worker.
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Gajanayake, G. M. T. S., W. E. M. K. D. D. Ekanayake, G. D. C. Malinda, Lakmini Malasinghe y Subashini De Silva. "Smart Health Monitoring System". Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 2, n.º 2 (28 de marzo de 2024): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/uesb9651.
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Due to the high inpatient population in hospitals, regular monitoring of inpatients' vital signs is currently a practical concern. As a solution, our proposed system manages the continuous analysis of the vital signs of every inpatient in the general wards, and informs medical professionals in any location at any time about their inpatients' current states in real-time to improve inpatients' health. The suggested system consists of the following arrangements; arrangement for acquiring health readings, identifying the on-duty reported doctors in charge of wards, arrangement for health data exhibiting unit, fall detection, and ECG acquisition. In addition to these arrangements, a website, and an android mobile application were designed to publish measured inpatient vital signs. This proposed product is both novel and different from the existent products because, it comprises of collective arrangements, and is developed in order to assess hospital wards’ inpatients, whereas other systems are designed for remote health monitoring of patients at home. This paper describes the system that was developed and tested successfully. KEYWORDS: Real-time database, Temperature, Heart rate, SpO2, ECG, Fall detection, Website, Mobile application
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Olivier, Tomás. "How Do Institutions Address Collective-Action Problems? Bridging and Bonding in Institutional Design". Political Research Quarterly 72, n.º 1 (28 de junio de 2018): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912918784199.
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Collective-action problems affect the structure of stakeholder networks differently in policy settings (Berardo and Scholz 2010). However, interactions in policy settings do not usually occur in an institutional vacuum; instead, they are guided and constrained by agreed-on rules. Therefore, to better understand behavior in these settings, it is important to understand the parameters that guide and constrain it. Combining arguments from game theory and social network analysis, this paper focuses on how the nature of collective-action problems affect the design of formal institutional arrangements. The cases are two institutional arrangements for the provision of high-quality drinking water, in New York City and in Boston. The design of these arrangements is measured through Networks of Prescribed Interactions (NPIs), capturing patterns of interactions mandated by formal rules. NPI structures in each case are then compared analyzing their structural measures and applying exponential random graph models (ERGMs). By comparing these NPIs, the paper assesses the effects of collective-action problems on the design of formal institutional arrangements. Results show that cooperation problems are associated with designs prescribing redundant interactions that create a balanced distribution of responsibilities among the key actors to the agreement.
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O’Donnell, Kathy. "Canteen Workers’ Wages and Collective-Bargaining Arrangements in British Coal". Historical Studies in Industrial Relations 44, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2023): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/hsir.2023.44.5.
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This paper examines the rates of pay of female canteen workers employed by British Coal as compared to male employees, with a focus on the reasons for the existence and persistence of a wage differential of around 20%. Four sets of interrelated issues are addressed: first, the structure of collective pay bargaining in the coal industry and the formal and informal relationship between bargaining arrangements for female canteen workers and male mineworkers; second, the empirical evidence on relative pay levels and rates of change for female canteen workers and other British Coal employees; third, the structure and influence of the external labour market for canteen workers and its relation to the position of British Coal’s female canteen workers; and fourth, the role of gender in influencing the level of wage differential between female employees and male employees of British Coal. The conclusion is that gender difference seems to be the main explanatory factor for the remaining differences in pay and conditions that exist between female canteen workers and mineworkers.
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HERM, ANNE, JON ANSON y MICHEL POULAIN. "Living arrangements and marital status: a register-based study of survival of older adults in Belgium at the beginning of the 21st century". Ageing and Society 36, n.º 10 (7 de septiembre de 2015): 2141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15001002.
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ABSTRACTBeing married reduces the mortality risk of older persons. More generally, living arrangements that include co-residence with a source of support and a close care-giver are associated with a lower mortality risk. We build a detailed typology of private and collective living arrangements, including marital status, and check its association with mortality risks, controlling for health status. Using administrative data from the population register, we identify the living arrangement of all individuals aged 65 years and over living in Belgium as at 1 January 2002, and their survival during the year 2002. Data on health status are extracted from the 2001 census. We use binary logistic regression with the probability to die as outcome and living arrangement, health, age and gender as covariates. Our results show that mortality is more closely associated with actual living arrangements than with marital status. This association is age and gender-specific and remains even at very old ages. Living with a spouse is confirmed to be beneficial for survival but in older age living alone becomes more favourable. Of all living arrangements, older persons living in religious communities experience the lowest mortality risk whereas those living in nursing homes experience the highest risk.
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Rossetti, Silvia y Susanne Heeger. "The collective risk management of solo self-employed workers in the Netherlands". Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 27, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2019): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175982719x15538489216856.
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The growth of solo self-employed workers in the Netherlands (zzp’ers) has not yet triggered a debate on how to combine their income security and business autonomy. The extent to which the social protection system and interest groups promote zzp’ers to take up collective arrangements mitigating income insecurity due to work incapacity and preventing income insecurity due to poor employability is investigated using the social risk management framework. Correcting economic obstacles and irrational risk perceptions, collective arrangements are found to encourage the take-up of work incapacity insurance and training among zzp’ers.
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Pacey, Fiona, Jennifer Smith-Merry, James Gillespie y Stephanie D. Short. "National health workforce regulation". International Journal of Health Governance 22, n.º 1 (6 de marzo de 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-01-2016-0005.
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Purpose In 2010, Australia introduced the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme for the health professions (the Australian scheme) creating a legislative framework for a national system of health workforce regulation, delivering a model of collective (and multi-level) government involvement in regulatory activities. The purpose of this paper is to examine how its governance arrangement compares to different national systems and other health regulatory bodies in Australia. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative case study is informed by documentary analysis in conjunction with policy mapping. This is part of a larger project investigating the policy pathway which led to establishment of the Scheme. The authors compare the Scheme with other Australian health standard setting and regulatory bodies. Findings The Australian scheme’s governance model supported existing constitutional arrangements, and enabled local variations. This facilitated the enduring interest of ministers (and governments) on matters of health workforce and articulated the activities of the new regulatory player. It maintains involvement of the six states and two territories, with the Commonwealth Government, and profession-specific boards and accreditation agencies. This resulted in a unique governance framework delivering a new model of collective ministerial responsibility. The governance design is complex, but forges a new way to embed existing constitutional arrangements within a tripartite arrangement that also delivers National Boards specific to individual health professions and an organisation to administer regulatory activities. Originality/value This study demonstrates that effective design of governance arrangements for regulatory bodies needs to address regulatory tasks to be undertaken as well as the existing roles, and ongoing interests of governments in participating in those regulatory activities. It highlights that a unique arrangement, while appearing problematic in theory may in practice deliver intended regulatory outcomes.
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Marginson, Paul. "The changing nature of collective employment relations". Employee Relations 37, n.º 6 (5 de octubre de 2015): 645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-03-2015-0049.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to survey developments in four aspects of collective employment relations (ER) since the mid-1960s: collective representation and organisation; collective bargaining coverage and structure; the collective bargaining agenda; and joint consultation arrangements. It considers the reasons underlying change. Design/methodology/approach – A range of published sources are drawn on, including quantitative, survey based and qualitative, case-study and other evidence. Findings – The landscape of collective ER has changed markedly over the past half century. Membership of trade unions has fallen from around half of the workforce to one-quarter. Employers who mainly conducted collective bargaining through employers’ associations now negotiate, if at all, on a firm-by-firm basis. Collective bargaining coverage has sharply declined and now only extends to a minority of the private sector workforce. The bargaining agenda has been hollowed out. Joint consultation arrangements too are less widespread than they were around 1980. Originality/value – The paper contends that change has been driven by three underlying processes. “Marketization” of collective ER entailing a shift from an industrial or occupational to an enterprise frame of reference. The rise of “micro-corporatism”, reflecting increased emphasis on the common interests of collective actors within an enterprise frame. Finally, the voluntarism, underpinning Britain’s collective ER became more “asymmetric”, with employers’ preferences increasingly predominant.
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Downie, Bryan M. "Centralized Collective Bargaining : U.S.-Canada Experience". Relations industrielles 26, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2005): 38–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028186ar.
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The author is concerned with bi-national bargaining which entails the delegation of decision-making power from Canada to the United States either through adherence to a U.S. pattern or standard and/or through the actual delegation of decision-making power in collective bargaining to U.S. officials. This paper attempts to take an initial step in the direction of increasing our understanding of what generates bi-national arrangements, what tactics and strategies are involved, and the implications.
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Riva, Egidio. "Background and rationale of collective bargaining around work-family issues in Italy". Employee Relations 39, n.º 4 (5 de junio de 2017): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-10-2016-0196.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline and assess the role of industrial relations in introducing work-family-related policies and investigate the drivers, nature and scope of contract provisions that were bargained in the following domains: flexible working arrangements, leave schemes, care services and other supportive arrangements. Analyses draw on information filed in a unique and restricted access repository, the SEcond-level Collective Bargaining Observatory (OCSEL) held by Confederazione Italiana Sindacati Lavoratori (CISL), one of the major trade union organizations in Italy. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents and examines, by means of descriptive statistics and content analysis, available information on 285 company-level agreements around work-family-related issues that were signed in Italy between January 2012 and December 2015, in the aftermath of the great recession. Findings Work-family issues do not seem to be a major bargaining concern. The availability of specific arrangements is mostly limited to the domain of working time flexibility and it is not quite innovative in its contents. Besides, there is little evidence that the mutual gains rationale is embedded in collective bargaining in the field. However, mature and well-established labour relations result in more innovative and strategic company-level bargaining that is also conducive to work-family-related arrangements. Research limitations/implications The sample is not representative. Thus, the results obtained in this study cannot be extended to make predictions and conclusions about the population of collective agreements negotiated and signed in Italian companies in the period under scrutiny. Originality/value Research on the industrial relations context that lies behind the design and implementation of work-family workplace arrangements is still limited. Furthermore, the evidence is inconclusive. This manuscript intends to address this research gap and provide a much more nuanced understanding.
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Castillo, Manlio F. "Beyond Institutional Collective Action: Why and When Do Metropolitan Governments Collaborate?" State and Local Government Review 51, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2019): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x19884618.
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The essay explores why and when metropolitan governments collaborate beyond the assumptions of the Institutional Collective Action (ICA) framework. It claims that metropolitan governments not only create collaborative arrangements after comparing their costs and benefits, or when spontaneously their agendas get aligned. This article argues that the success of metropolitan interlocal collaboration also rests on the proclivity to collaboration of independent local governments’ institutional structures, which, in turn, depends on how local governments and their management capabilities have been shaped and evolved, both individually and comparatively with neighboring governments. Additionally, the article classifies and explains four basic models of metropolitan collaborative arrangements.
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Dølvik, Jon Erik y Paul Marginson. "Cross-sectoral coordination and regulation of wage determination in northern Europe: Divergent responses to multiple external pressures". European Journal of Industrial Relations 24, n.º 4 (21 de agosto de 2018): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680118790820.
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We examine changes in collective wage regulation in five northern European countries since 2000, with a focus on coordination across sectors, articulation between levels and determination of wage floors. Earlier change in the functioning of wage bargaining arrangements in Germany placed pressure on other northern countries. In Finland, employers recently instigated a shift from tripartite incomes policy to manufacturing-led pattern bargaining, with increased scope for decentralized negotiations. This made Finnish arrangements more similar to their Nordic counterparts, which have been marked by modest adaptations. Divergence continues in wage floor regulation. Increased statutory generalization of collectively agreed minimum wages has moved Germany and Norway closer to Finland, while Denmark and Sweden still rely solely on collective bargaining. The multi-faceted employer and state approaches to wage regulation are not consistent with recent claims of a neoliberal transformation across the northern coordinated economies.
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Tembani, M., L. Mujuru, A. Mureva, P. Mutete, T. Gotore, A. Muchawona, P. Makumbe y R. Murepa. "Institutional arrangements and collective action: evidence from forest management in Zimbabwe". Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 30, n.º 4 (2 de octubre de 2021): 258–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1985625.
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Tkatchenko, Alexandre y Nikola Batina. "Classification of hexagonal adlayer arrangements by means of collective geometrical properties". Journal of Chemical Physics 125, n.º 16 (28 de octubre de 2006): 164702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2360530.
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Gibeau, Émilie, Ann Langley, Jean-Louis Denis y Nicolas van Schendel. "Bridging competing demands through co-leadership? Potential and limitations". Human Relations 73, n.º 4 (12 de noviembre de 2019): 464–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726719888145.
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Collective leadership arrangements in which two people jointly occupy a shared leadership role space are often thought to enable the bridging of competing demands and sources of expertise and legitimacy in pluralistic settings where multiple institutional logics coexist. This research investigates 20 co-leadership dyads in health care organizations to examine whether, when, and how co-leadership arrangements can enable the bridging of institutional logics. Empirical findings suggest that the potential for bridging through co-leadership arrangements is present, but that it may often be achieved through the assimilation of one side by the other rather than balanced integration of competing demands. We conclude that the challenge of collective leadership (and of co-leadership, in particular) may lie not only in developing smooth relations among multiple leaders and their followers, but also in maintaining and mobilizing the tensions that can make their collaboration most fruitful. We suggest that the collective leadership literature has often missed the significance of this central paradox: that collective leadership may be most needed where it is most difficult to achieve. When it seems to operate most smoothly, it is possible that it may not always be fulfilling its mission.
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Bellany, Ian. "Insuring Security". Political Studies 44, n.º 5 (diciembre de 1996): 872–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb00339.x.
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Alliances for collective defence are likened to mutual insurance arrangements. External attack is seen as a risk in much the same way that illness is a risk to a bread-winner, who will often want to insure against it by combining with other persons in similar circumstances to pool the risks involved (usually mediated by an insurance company). Here, alliance members' defence budgets become insurance premiums entitling them to group protection against attack. In such alliances size is strongly beneficial since there are always economies of scale in risk-sharing. Indefinite geographical expansion of such arrangements is checked by the comparatively slow speed with which alliance forces may be brought to bear on behalf of an endangered member and the difficulties of harmonizing within the same arrangement members who belong to different statistical categories of risk.
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Lurie, Lilach. "Occupational Welfare in Israel: A Study of Collective Agreements and Benefits". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 36, Issue 3 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 281–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2020013.
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Welfare regimes differ in how they supply social benefits such as pensions, disability allowances, and unemployment funding. In several regimes, the social partners – employee unions and employers’ associations – provide social benefits for workers. These regimes promote occupational welfare. This article aims to study the advantages and limitations of occupational welfare through the case study of Israel – a country in which the social partners promote occupational welfare by means of collective agreements. It examines the ways collective agreements – directly and indirectly – advance occupational welfare in Israel. The research includes a quantitative study of all collective agreements concluded in Israel in the period 1957-2016 and a qualitative study of Israeli collective agreements at the national level. The study shows that although Israel’s social partners lost much of their power during this period, they are still able to promote occupational welfare, and that Israeli social partners promote innovative workplace policies through collective agreements. Several occupational welfare arrangements first introduced in collective agreements were later extended through legislation or extension orders to all Israeli workers. Without collective bargaining, important occupational welfare benefits might have not been introduced. However, state legislation was needed to fix the flaws of these arrangements, including enforcement problems and lack of coverage of the self-employed. Occupational Welfare, Social Welfare, Collective Agreements, Employee Unions, the Social Partners, Pension, Disability Benefits, Minimum Wage, Israel
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Gallina, David y G. M. Pastor. "Structural Disorder and Collective Behavior of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Nanostructures". Nanomaterials 11, n.º 6 (25 de mayo de 2021): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061392.
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Structural disorder has been shown to be responsible for profound changes of the interaction-energy landscapes and collective dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic nanostructures. Weakly-disordered 2D ensembles have a few particularly stable magnetic configurations with large basins of attraction from which the higher-energy metastable configurations are separated by only small downward barriers. In contrast, strongly-disordered ensembles have rough energy landscapes with a large number of low-energy local minima separated by relatively large energy barriers. Consequently, the former show good-structure-seeker behavior with an unhindered relaxation dynamics that is funnelled towards the global minimum, whereas the latter show a time evolution involving multiple time scales and trapping which is reminiscent of glasses. Although these general trends have been clearly established, a detailed assessment of the extent of these effects in specific nanostructure realizations remains elusive. The present study quantifies the disorder-induced changes in the interaction-energy landscape of two-dimensional dipole-coupled magnetic nanoparticles as a function of the magnetic configuration of the ensembles. Representative examples of weakly-disordered square-lattice arrangements, showing good structure-seeker behavior, and of strongly-disordered arrangements, showing spin-glass-like behavior, are considered. The topology of the kinetic networks of metastable magnetic configurations is analyzed. The consequences of disorder on the morphology of the interaction-energy landscapes are revealed by contrasting the corresponding disconnectivity graphs. The correlations between the characteristics of the energy landscapes and the Markovian dynamics of the various magnetic nanostructures are quantified by calculating the field-free relaxation time evolution after either magnetic saturation or thermal quenching and by comparing them with the corresponding averages over a large number of structural arrangements. Common trends and system-specific features are identified and discussed.
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Acharya, Krishna P. "Private, Collective, and Centralized Institutional Arrangements for Managing Forest “Commons” in Nepal". Mountain Research and Development 25, n.º 3 (agosto de 2005): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0269:pcacia]2.0.co;2.
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Flanagan, Robert J. "Macroeconomic Performance and Collective Bargaining: An International Perspective". Journal of Economic Literature 37, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1999): 1150–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.37.3.1150.
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This paper critically reviews the research on how collective bargaining systems influence macroeconomic performance in industrialized countries. The review considers effects of bargaining level, coordination, and corporatist institutional arrangements. Key empirical results turn out to be quite fragile, and much of the paper explores issues of measurement and specification that account for the fragility. The paper concludes that complementarities between key institutions and between institutions and the economic environment may be more important for macroeconomic performance than the effects of individual institutions, and it suggests research strategies.
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D'Haese, Marijke, Guido Van Huylenbroeck y Luc D'Haese. "Collective Action in a Complex Institutional Environment". Outlook on Agriculture 34, n.º 1 (marzo de 2005): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000053295114.
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The importance of social capital and institutional reform is increasingly recognized in current development reporting. This article illustrates the complexity of the institutional environment in which smallholders in developing countries operate and how institutional innovation can contribute to increasing farmers' incomes. A case study of small-scale farmers in the Transkei area of South Africa illustrates the success of new institutional arrangements via a project of the South African wool industry, which aims at improving the livelihoods of farmers by supporting wool production and securing market access. However, possibilities with respect to specialization are limited because of a peculiar institutional environment, in particular a communal land-tenure system.
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Lawrence, Anna, Paola Gatto, Nevenka Bogataj y Gun Lidestav. "Forests in common: Learning from diversity of community forest arrangements in Europe". Ambio 50, n.º 2 (13 de septiembre de 2020): 448–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01377-x.
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AbstractEurope has a wealth of community forest arrangements. This paper aims to transcend the diversity of locally specific terms and forms, to highlight the value of considering them inclusively. Building on methods to make sense of diversity, we use reflexive grounded inquiry in fifteen cases in Italy, Scotland, Slovenia and Sweden. Within four dimensions (forest, community, relationships between them, and relationships with wider society), we identify 43 subdimensions to describe them collectively. Our approach shows how European arrangements contribute to wider discourses of collective natural resource management. Both tradition and innovation in Europe inform options for environmental governance. Arrangements challenge the distinction between ‘communities of place’ and ‘communities of interest’, with implications for social and environmental justice. They exemplify multilevel environmental governance through both vertical and horizontal connections. Emerging from long histories of political and environmental pressures, they have a role in enhancing society’s connection with nature and adaptive capacity.
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CECI, CHRISTINE, HOLLY SYMONDS BROWN y MARY ELLEN PURKIS. "Seeing the collective: family arrangements for care at home for older people with dementia". Ageing and Society 39, n.º 06 (11 de enero de 2018): 1200–1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17001477.
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ABSTRACTWith the predicted growth in the number of people with dementia living at home across the globe, the need for home-based care is expected to increase. As such, it will be primarily family carers who will provide this crucial support to family members. Designing appropriate support for family carers is thus essential to minimise risks to their health, to prevent premature institutionalisation or poor care for persons with dementia, as well as to sustain the effective functioning of health and social care systems. To date, the high volume of research related to care at home and acknowledged low impact of interventions suggests that a re-examination of the nature of care at home, and how we come to know about it, is necessary if we are to advance strategies that will contribute to better outcomes for families. This paper describes findings from an ethnographic study that was designed to support an analysis of the complexity and materiality of family care arrangements – that is, the significance of the actual physical, technological and institutional elements shaping care-giving situations. In this paper, we describe the arrangements made by one family to show the necessary collectivity of these arrangements, and the consequences of the formal care system's failure to respond to these.
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van Barneveld, Kristin. "Australian Workplace Agreements in Universities". Journal of Industrial Relations 51, n.º 1 (febrero de 2009): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185608099665.
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This article details the use of Australian Workplace Agreements (AWAs) in universities after the Higher Education Workplace Relations Requirements (HEWRRs) mandated that all university staff be offered an AWA by the end of August 2006. It is clear from the evidence that, despite this requirement, at most universities there was little take-up of this form of individual employment arrangement. Of the few who did sign an AWA, one group stood out more than others — senior general staff. However at most universities, these workers have traditionally been employed on individual, common law contracts and moving them from one form of individualized employment arrangement to another did little to increase the overall pool of those on individual employment arrangements in higher education. Once these senior general staff were excluded from the equation, the take-up rate was very low indeed. The research demonstrates that the Howard government's approach to increasing the take-up rate of AWAs in universities failed. With the election of the Rudd Labor Government in November 2007, the very low take-up of AWAs has meant that the university sector has a relatively small task in moving staff back to collective employment arrangements.
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Siti Nur Azizah, Eny Sulistyowati, Sulaksono, Muh. Ali Masnun y Syahid Ahmad Faisol. "Legal Empowerment for SMEs Regarding Collective Marks: A Legal Analysis". Technium Social Sciences Journal 50 (1 de noviembre de 2023): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v50i1.9873.
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This study aims to conduct a legal analysis regarding the empowerment of SMEs in obtaining protection for collective trademark rights. This article uses doctrinal research (normative juridical), using primary and secondary legal materials and non-doctrinal using primary data. The results of the research and discussion show that empowering MSMEs through collective brand protection needs to be considered from both normative and empirical aspects. From the normative aspect, there are still inconsistent arrangements and unclear norms. while at the empirical level the provision of collective brand protection for MSMe is relatively difficult to realize.
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Harbridge, Raymond y James Moulder. "Collective Bargaining and New Zealand's Employment Contracts Act: One Year On". Journal of Industrial Relations 35, n.º 1 (marzo de 1993): 62–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569303500104.
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Thefirst year of bargaining under New Zealand's Employment Contracts Act brought some very significant changes to the nature and structure of bargaining outcomes. This paper reports a major study of collective bargaining outcomes. Collective bargaining is the preferred option for 80 per cent of employers with fifty or more staff; however, the number of workers covered by collective bargains in New Zealand dropped from 721 000 in 1989-90 to an estimated 440 000 by 1991-92. The collapse of collective bargaining did not occur evenly across industries. Significant collapses happened in agriculture, food and beverage manufacturing, the textile and clothing industry, the paper and printing industry, building and construction, retailing, restaurants and hotels and the transport industry. Collective bargaining retains a strong foothold in the electricity and gas production sector, the public sector, the finance sector, the communication industry and the basic and advanced metal manufacturing sectors. A content analysis of 471 collective employment contracts (covering nearly 130 000 workers) settled in the first year of the new legislation is reported here. The data show a wide dispersion of wage settlements as the comparative wage justice system collapses; about half of the workers in the sample, however, received either a wage decrease or no increase over the preceding settlement. Important changes to working time arrangements have been negotiated and these are reported along with other content changes to working time and leave arrangements.
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Naim, Kamran, Curtis Brundy y Rachael G. Samberg. "Collaborative transition to open access publishing by scholarly societies". Molecular Biology of the Cell 32, n.º 4 (15 de febrero de 2021): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e20-03-0178.
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For decades, universities, researchers, and libraries have sought a systemwide transition of scholarly publishing to open access (OA), but progress has been slow. There is now a potential for more rapid and impactful change, as new collaborative OA publishing models have taken shape. Cooperative publishing arrangements represent a viable path forward for society publishers to transition to OA as the default standard for disseminating research. The traditional article processing charge OA model has introduced sometimes unnavigable financial roadblocks, but cooperative arrangements premised on collective action principles can help to secure long-term stability and prevent the risk of free riding. Investment in cooperative arrangements does not require that cash-strapped libraries discover a new influx of money as their collection budgets continue to shrink, but rather that they purposefully redirect traditional subscription funds toward publishing support. These cooperative arrangements will require a two-way demonstration of trust: On one hand, libraries working together to provide assurances of sustained financial support, and on the other, societies’ willingness to experiment with discarding subscriptions. Organizations such as Society Publishers Coalition and Transitioning Society Publications to Open Access are committed to education about and further development of scalable and cooperative OA publishing models.
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Lence, Sergio H., Stéphan Marette, Dermot J. Hayes y William Foster. "Collective Marketing Arrangements for Geographically Differentiated Agricultural Products: Welfare Impacts and Policy Implications". American Journal of Agricultural Economics 89, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2007): 947–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.01036.x.
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Komakech, Hans Charles, Pieter van der Zaag y Barbara van Koppen. "The dynamics between water asymmetry, inequality and heterogeneity sustaining canal institutions in the Makanya catchment, Tanzania". Water Policy 14, n.º 5 (4 de mayo de 2012): 800–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.196.
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It has been suggested that the collective action needed for integrated water management at larger spatial scales could be more effective and sustainable if it were built, bottom-up, on the nested arrangements by which local communities have managed their water resources at homestead, plot, village and sub-catchment levels. The up-scaling of such arrangements requires an understanding of why they emerge, how they function and how they are sustained. This paper presents a case study of local level water institutions in Bangalala village in the Makanya catchment, Tanzania. Unlike most research on collective action in which water asymmetry, inequality and heterogeneity are seen as risks to collective action, this study looked at how they dynamically interact and give rise to interdependencies between water users which facilitate coordination and collective action. The findings are confined to relatively small spatial and social scales, involving irrigators from one village. In such situations there may be inhibitions to unilateral action due to social and peer pressure. Spatial or social proximity may thus be a necessary condition for collective action in water asymmetrical situations to emerge. This points to the need for further research, namely to describe and analyse the dynamics engendered by water asymmetry, inequality and heterogeneity at larger spatial scales.
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Acemoglu, Daron, Georgy Egorov y Konstantin Sonin. "Dynamics and Stability of Constitutions, Coalitions, and Clubs". American Economic Review 102, n.º 4 (1 de junio de 2012): 1446–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.4.1446.
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In dynamic collective decision making, current decisions determine the future distribution of political power and influence future decisions. We develop a general framework to study this class of problems. Under acyclicity, we characterize dynamically stable states as functions of the initial state and obtain two general insights. First, a social arrangement is made stable by the instability of alternative arrangements that are preferred by sufficiently powerful groups. Second, efficiency-enhancing changes may be resisted because of further changes they will engender. We use this framework to analyze dynamics of political rights in a society with different types of extremist views. (JEL D71, D72, K10)
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Beetsma, Roel M. W. J. y Alessandro Bucciol. "RISK REALLOCATION IN DEFINED-CONTRIBUTION FUNDED PENSION SYSTEMS". Macroeconomic Dynamics 19, n.º 1 (4 de julio de 2013): 22–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100513000205.
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This paper explores the introduction of collective risk-reallocation elements into defined-contribution pension contracts. We consider status-contingent, age-contingent, and asset-contingent arrangements to reallocate risk among participants. Eliminating asset market risk for the retired raises their welfare, whereas it lowers the welfare of the workers, despite the fact that they benefit later from the same arrangement. Overall welfare falls. The welfare effects are largest when personal and pension portfolios are optimally chosen. Allowing for intragenerational heterogeneity, the highest-skilled retirees benefit most, whereas the highest-skilled workers lose most. Our main results are qualitatively robust to a number of model variations and extensions.
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Kamal, Mohamad M., Hadi Amiri, Vahid Moghadam y Dariush Rahimi. "Institutional analysis of top-down regulatory: evidence from Iran local governance". Water Policy 23, n.º 4 (5 de julio de 2021): 930–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.075.
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Abstract Population growth, along with climate change, has exacerbaed the water crisis in local communities. The simplest and quickest response of governments to such problems is direct intervention in local governance. Such solutions are usually proposed without regarding the indigenous knowledge of the local people. These also include top-down policies on water issues, which disrupt local institutional arrangements and eliminate the possibility of collective action by stakeholders in reaching an agreement. A case study of one of the water basins in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari in Iran (the Gorgak River in Sureshjan city) using an institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework shows that in the past, people acted collectively to solve the asymmetric distribution and drought problem. But government intervention, which initially sought to improve water conditions, has disrupted the region's institutional arrangements and power asymmetries between exploiters. Our study used the IAD framework to examine changes in institutional arrangements due to the introduction of technology and government intervention by the game theory. It clarifies that government intervention in local institutional arrangements, even if designed with the intention of improving conditions, may lead to greater inequality due to disregarding physical and social conditions and local knowledge. This inequality can eventually worsen the situation.
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Proctor-Thomson, Sarah, Noelle Donnelly y Jane Parker. "Bargaining for gender equality in Aotearoa New Zealand: Flexible work arrangements in collective agreements, 2007–2019". Journal of Industrial Relations 63, n.º 4 (2 de julio de 2021): 614–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221856211025574.
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Collective bargaining remains an important yet underexplored mechanism in the pursuit of workplace gender equality. Through gender equality bargaining efforts, unions seek to address the lack of equity for working women. Yet little is known of the extent of equality bargaining provisions, or about where provisions and the factors that influence their availability occur. Contributing to this disparity is a lack of data measuring gender equality provisions in collective agreements. This article analyses key trends in the collective regulation of flexible work provisions in Aotearoa New Zealand from 2007 to 2019. Results show modest growth in the scope and coverage of flexible work provisions, the majority of which have occurred in the public sector. Marked differences across sectors and industries suggest the influence of factors such as women’s rising labour force participation and feminisation of union membership and its leadership, particularly within industries where union density has grown. Findings underscore the need for contextualisation of collective regulation in opportunity structures and the ongoing frailty of women’s access to gender equality.
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Thøgersen, Stig y Ni Anru. "'He Is He, and I Am I': Individual and Collective among China's Rural Elderly". European Journal of East Asian Studies 7, n.º 1 (2008): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156805808x333901.
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AbstractChina's rural elderly strongly feel the tension between the life patterns they had expected to follow and the risks and possibilities presented by a more dynamic and individualised society. This paper discusses how the elderly react to the rapid changes in intergenerational relations. The focus is on their strategies towards the two most common types of living arrangements during old age: maintaining an independent household, and living with a son's family. Earlier generations of elderly perceived cohabitation with a son as the only natural arrangement, but interviews indicate that living in an independent household has become an accepted alternative. This illustrates how China's rural elderly are able to create and accept changes in family relations and new life patterns. Their problems are generated by the lack of social services in rural areas rather than by any culturally determined resistance to change. The last part of the paper discusses recent social engineering projects aimed at reintegrating the elderly into society. By looking at how the elderly adapt to changing family relations and how others imagine their reintegration, the paper highlights the complicated patterns of social change that have emerged in China's villages in the wake of decollectivisation.
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Thuderoz, Christian y Pascale Trompette. "Régulation sociale et action collective pour l'emploi en France". Articles 54, n.º 4 (12 de abril de 2005): 748–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/051271ar.
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L'apparition récente, dans le paysage institutionnel français, d'accords d'entreprise sur l'emploi conduit l'analyste à s'interroger sur la nature du processus aboutissant à de tels compromis sociaux (s'agit-il d'un processus d'échange ?), sur les produits de cette activité (comment caractériser ce type d'accords collectifs ? Où réside la novation ?) et, enfin, sur le sens de ces compromis (en termes de légitimité comme en termes d'action collective pour l'emploi). En mobilisant une sociologie attentive aux processus, cet article explore cette nouvelle dynamique de négociation. On s'attachera à la comprendre comme une forme étendue de régulation conjointe, érigeant l'entreprise comme espace pertinent d'expérimentation de nouvelles pratiques contractuelles et dans laquelle le jeu et les arrangements des acteurs locaux occupent une place centrale.
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Kapucu, Naim y Sean Beaudet. "Network Governance for Collective Action in Implementing United Nations Sustainable Development Goals". Administrative Sciences 10, n.º 4 (4 de diciembre de 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci10040100.
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As the number of complex transnational problems have continued to grow, so too has the desire to combat them through global partnerships and collective action. In response, the United Nations (U.N.) and member states created the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. This study provides a background on international organizations and efforts in collectively moving towards sustainable development goals. It examines the SDGs (specific emphasis on Food–Energy–Water (FEW) Nexus) and means of governance and implementation at the global level. It also seeks to describe and visualize partnerships and collective action using network analysis tools and techniques. The network visualization demonstrates the organizations working together and towards the SDGs, which provides the type of structure and key actors and arrangements for implementation at the global stage.
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Tomczak, Tomasz. "The Institution of Security Agent: A Comparative Study of Polish and French Laws". European Business Law Review 33, Issue 7 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 1123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2022049.
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In many continental legal systems it was often problematic to grant a security right to an entity separate from the holder(s) of the secured receivables. Such arrangement was especially desired by the parties in complex lending structures with many creditors. To solve this problem various legal solutions have been created in different countries. In Poland and in France the special institution of a security agent has been introduced. Aim of this article is to compare those two regulations. The conclusion is that the French provisions better deals with the challenges posed by the entity separation problem. Security agent, collective security arrangements, entity separation, unity principle, security rights, security interest, syndicated loan, bond issue, accessoriness of security rights.
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Niya, Linko y Dr Vinod Kumar Yadav. "Informal Financial Arrangements: Types, Recent Shift and Arguments". International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods 11, n.º 07 (2023): 907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56025/ijaresm.2023.11723907.
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Most developing countries across the world exhibit a duality of formal and informal economies. The current scenario is evidence that policymakers in India have made efforts to restrict various forms of informal finance by categorizing them as usurious and replacing them with newer banking concepts and practices. However, it is clear that the formal financial system is not exempt from theoretical and implementation flaws, leading to a significant demand and relevance for informal financial arrangements. This paper provides a concise overview of informal finance, its categorization, the shift of focus from credit supply to collective arrangements, and its enduring prevalence. The paper aims to emphasize the contributions of informal finance in promoting savings, facilitating credit provision, and sharing economic risks in the Indian market. Additionally, it critically examines the strengths, weaknesses, and the role of informal financial arrangements in the Indian economy
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Carrier, Odile, Noushine Shahidzadeh-Bonn, Rojman Zargar, Mounir Aytouna, Mehdi Habibi, Jens Eggers y Daniel Bonn. "Evaporation of water: evaporation rate and collective effects". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 798 (9 de junio de 2016): 774–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.356.
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We study the evaporation rate from single drops as well as collections of drops on a solid substrate, both experimentally and theoretically. For a single isolated drop of water, in general the evaporative flux is limited by diffusion of water through the air, leading to an evaporation rate that is proportional to the linear dimension of the drop. Here, we test the limitations of this scaling law for several small drops and for very large drops. We find that both for simple arrangements of drops, as well as for complex drop size distributions found in sprays, cooperative effects between drops are significant. For large drops, we find that the onset of convection introduces a length scale of approximately 20 mm in radius, below which linear scaling is found. Above this length scale, the evaporation rate is proportional to the surface area.
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Bai, Minghao, Meilin Chen, Moyuan Zhang, Yeqing Duan y Shenbei Zhou. "Research on Evolutionary Game Analysis of Spatial Cooperation for Social Governance of Basin Water Pollution". Water 14, n.º 16 (20 de agosto de 2022): 2564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162564.
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Given that the two institutional arrangements of government regulation and market allocation cannot effectively solve the conflict between individual and collective interests in the process of water pollution control, this work presents a useful attempt on the third institutional arrangement of environmental governance—social governance—to overcome the dilemma. Based on common pool resource theory and multi-person prisoner game analysis framework, it incorporates environmental damage function, spatial network structure, and strategy update based on a learning mechanism into the analysis framework. In addition, it constructs a set of spatial cooperative evolution game models of basin water pollution social governance, so as to test the guarantee effect of the spontaneous collective action conditions of basin polluters on the long-term survival of the new system. This work adopts the Monte Carlo numerical simulation method to conduct the simulation experiment research. The experimental results show it is possible to successfully form collective actions entirely dependent on emitters, which yet requires a large initial scale of cooperation, that is, a majority of the emitter group autonomously abides by credible commitments. In this process, transparent full information and active organizational mobilization have a positive effect on the collective action development. The organic combination can better guide emitters to abide by credible commitments to achieve the optimal collective interests. The study results can provide a theoretical and practical reference for the social governance mechanism at a large-scale basin.
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Bovis, Christopher H. "Risk in Public-Private Partnerships and Critical Infrastructure". European Journal of Risk Regulation 6, n.º 2 (junio de 2015): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00004505.
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The process risk allocation is essential for effective PPP contracts, depending on the scope of defined tasks and responsibilities between the parties in their quest to deliver public services. However, risk in critical infrastructure is sui generis risk which could not be treated contractually and transferred by the public sector to the private sector or retained by the party to an arrangement which is suited best to borne such risks.Risk in critical infrastructure, being either internal or external, is endemic to the relevant services andwhen critical infrastructure is delivered by public-private partnerships or owned by private actors, the treatment of such risk merits a third-party approach. Such third-party could be an industry in itself, such as insurance, re-insurance or hedge fund insurance bond finance, or a sector / industry approach which related to the owners/operators of the relevant infrastructure, by means of collective apportioning and mitigation of risks associated with the failure of providing services fromsuch infrastructure. The most innovative way of treating risk of critical infrastructure remains in the discretion of EU Member States, in the form of integrating costs related to risk assessment and security measurers to protect critical infrastructure into tariff arrangements of relevant services. In such manner, the enduser / consumer of services ensures and collectively insures their delivery against any type of risk which is not quantified and determined as part of corporate arrangements between the state and the private sector provider of services.
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Massey, Patrick. "Are Sports Cartels Different?–An Analysis of EU Commission Decisions Concerning Collective Selling Agreements for Football Broadcasting Rights". World Competition 30, Issue 1 (1 de marzo de 2007): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2007005.
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The March 2006 decision by the EU Commission in respect of broadcast rights for FA Premier League (FAPL) football matches is the latest in a series of decisions in which the Commission has permitted collective selling of such rights. The decision precludes the sale of all rights to live FAPL football matches to a single broadcaster. The Commission had initially objected that the joint selling arrangements were anti-competitive and ’’tantamount to price fixing’’. Given that price fixing is generally regarded as a serious breach of competition law, the acceptance of such arrangements in the case of sports broadcasting raises some serious issues. A subsequent UK Government report on football recommended the introduction of a block exemption permitting collective selling of football broadcasting rights. Three main arguments have been advanced in support of collective selling of sports broadcast rights?that it is necessary because of the unique characteristics of sports leagues; that it improves competitive balance within sports leagues; and that it permits the redistribution of some of the revenues from the sale of broadcast rights to lower level clubs. The present article analyses these arguments and concludes that they are not supported by the evidence.
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Choko, Maude y Bridget Conor. "From Wellington to Quebec: Attracting Hollywood and Regulating Cultural Workers". Articles 72, n.º 3 (27 de septiembre de 2017): 457–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041093ar.
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The nature of work arrangements in the film industry and the professional characteristics of cultural workers involved in film production impact the legal qualification of these workers. They highlight the difficult task of classifying actual work arrangements in one specific legal category: either an “employment relationship” or a “contract for services relationship”. If adequate legal frameworks are not in place to capture the reality of those work arrangements properly, the legal qualification may lead to uncertainty detrimental to workers’ access to collective representation. This uncertainty opens the door to work conflicts and contestations of different types. This paper builds a dialogue between two disciplines, legal analysis and cultural labour analysis, by comparing two locally embedded case studies: the “Hobbit Law” in New Zealand and the “Spiderwick Case” in Quebec (Canada). Firstly, we outline our theoretical and methodological approach, drawing on literature on cultural labour studies as well as legal analysis. Secondly, we compare the legal status of cultural workers and collective representation within each of our cases. Thirdly, we present full accounts of the chronology, conflicts and contestations within our two cases, as well as outlining the legislative outcomes in each. And finally, in comparing these cases, we illustrate the difficulty of legally qualifying these relations, the uncertainty this engenders and the differing impacts these difficulties have had on collective action in each industry. We emphasize that each case, with their vastly differing outcomes, provides evidence of both the inclusion of cultural workers within the boundaries of specific legislation fostering collective representation of artists (in the Spiderwick Case) and the exclusion of cultural workers from the boundaries of labour legislation enabling collective representation of employees (in the Hobbit Case). This is telling because these cases both took place in a location attracting Hollywood’s productions and, for both, this power of attraction remains crucial for the local industry. Understanding the impact of local cultural work regulation in the context of major global productions still lacks sustained attention and in this paper, we build a dialogue between our two cases to begin to remedy this.
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Yulianingsih, Wiwin, Frans Simangunsong y Muh Arief Syahroni. "Awig-Awig Management of Marine and Fisheries Resources West Lombok". International Journal Of Community Service 2, n.º 4 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijcs.v2i4.152.
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Awig-awig as the foundation of local wisdom, including in the management of marine and fisheries resources in West Lombok. The awig-awig arrangements include the prohibition of bombing and potassium, zoning of fishing groups, pumice waste, and the collection of marine coral. Awig-awig is written as a guideline in fisheries management as a form of sustainable coastal community development. Awig-Awig as a form of collective awareness of the community whose obedience is very large which has adapted to the conditions of the local community.