Tesis sobre el tema "Collective Arrangements"

The economic modernization of the Amazon fostered by the Brazilian military government during the 1960s and 1970s was largely realized without taking into consideration the presence of local households which lived from the extraction of forest products (mainly non-timber). When they began to be expulsed, a political resistance, often guided by the Catholic Church, appeared as well as the creation of unions based on traditional identities, especially that of rubber tappers. During the 1980s, these unions made a strategic alliance with the ecologist movement which started to consider traditional populations, whose lifestyle depended on the forest, as allies for the protection of the Amazon rainforest. The movement gained a decisive momentum at the end of the decade by putting forward new proposals of land tenure for traditional populations, grounded on collective land rights. This strategy has been very efficient during the 1990s and 2000s, during which about 1,300,000 km(2) of rainforest were set apart and reserved for the use of "traditional communities" under a variety of legal status. But it has also led to mix under the same "collective" etiquette and principles a number of different ways of using and managing land and natural resources. This assumption however should be nuanced by a careful analysis of the resource management systems existing in each case, for they are in general complex and mix varying proportions of individual and collective decisions. The aim of this paper is to explore this question using the example of the Chico Mendes agroextractive settlement (PAE-CM), inhabited by about 100 rubber tapper families and symbolic of the political struggle of traditional populations in the Amazon for being the home of the rubber tapper leader Chico Mendes assassinated in 1988. Applying Ostrom "design principles", we try to catch what are the local institutional arrangements and to see if they suggest collective or individual management, and what the boundaries between both categories are. As a conclusion, we find that the PAE-CM's system is much less collective than expected, and also very much controlled by external authorities, in a logic pretty much away from the idea of a CPR system. This finding is useful to understand the shortcomings in the actual management of the PAE but also to foresee difficulties which will probably arise in the management of many of the areas which have gained collective land rights or collective management statutes in the Amazon.

La déforestation, le changement climatique et la pauvreté sont devenus des sujets critiques de ce siècle. [...] L'objectif de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre le rôle des initiatives multi-acteurs ou collectives visant à traiter les problèmes complexes -« wicked problems »- dans le contexte des chaînes logistiques globales. Pour atteindre un tel objectif, il est important, dans un premier temps, de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de ces initiatives collectives, leurs mécanismes de gouvernance, comment elles sont organisées, et quelles dynamiques politiques et de pouvoir sont présentes au sein de ces initiatives multi-acteurs dans le contexte des chaines globales. Cette étude s'inscrit principalement dans le domaine du management durable de la chaîne logistique (Sustainable Supply Chain Management ou SSCM). Malgré le fait que la littérature de ce champ reconnaît l'importance de prendre en compte les enjeux de développement durable tout au long de la chaîne et d'y inclure les différents acteurs, la réalité est que la plupart des recherches menées à ce jour se sont concentrées sur les relations dyadiques, mettant ainsi en évidence la perspective des entreprises focales (Lee, 2008; Mena, et al., 2013; Beske-Janssen, Johnson, and Schaltegger, 2015; Busse, Meinlschmidt and Foerstl, 2017; Foerstl, Azadegan, Leppelt and Hartmann, 2015). De ce fait, les recherches ont soit négligé les acteurs « non traditionnels » de la chaîne logistique (tels que les Organizations non-gouvernementales, les initiatives multi-partie prenantes), soit les ont simplement considérés comme des acteurs qui servent les intérêts de l'entreprise focale (Montabon, et al., 2016). La littérature en responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE), et en particulier l’approche politique de la RSE (PCSR en anglais pour Political CSR) apporte une nouvelle perspective à la littérature SSCM en explorant la pertinence et la légitimité des initiatives collectives face aux enjeux de développement durable. La littérature PCSR propose une série de critères permettant un transfert de la régulation de la sphère publique vers les acteurs privés. Par exemple, la participation démocratique est considérée comme un mécanisme clé pour la légitimité du processus (tels que l'inclusivité, la transparence et l’égalité), et pour la légitimité des résultats (tels que la couverture, l’efficacité et l’application) (Mena and Palazzo, 2012). L’ensemble de cette thèse repose sur une démarche inductive qualitative afin d’explorer les initiatives collectives à partir du cas de la RSPO. Plus précisément, l'analyse multimodale critique du discours (M-CDA) nous permet d’'intégrer de multiples ressources pour l’analyse non seulement des textes écrits mais aussi des médias, de la vidéo, de la voix ou des gestes. En tenant compte de la diversité des acteurs aux connaissances, perspectives et attentes multiples, une approche discursive semble appropriée pour étudier les initiatives multi-acteurs. Dans ce travail, l’analyse critique du discours est ainsi utilisée pour explorer les interactions, les relations et les contradictions entre le texte, l'image et la voix afin de révéler les récits et contre-récits présentés simultanément par les multiples acteurs de la RSPO. Au total, les données de cette étude comprennent : 66 vidéos, 29 entretiens, 57 articles de journaux, et une série de données secondaires (rapports annuels, code de conduite et statuts de la RSPO, observations lors de la participation à la conférence annuelle de la RSPO). Les résultats de cette thèse s'articulent autour de quatre articles [...]
Deforestation, climate change and poverty have become some of the hottest topics of this century. Both scholars and practitioners recognize them as major societal grand challenges, with a growing number of academics referring to them as “wicked problems”. Due to their complex, uncertain and controversial nature, wicked problems cannot be effectively handled by individual actors. Their magnitude calls for a collective governance approach, including a wide range of heterogeneous actors with a diverse set of expertise and background, each of them bringing a different perspective to the problem. The purpose of this research is to better understand the role of collective arrangements tackling wicked problems in the context of global supply networks. This study is mainly framed within the field of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Although collective initiatives are the focus of a growing number of studies in the SSCM literature, scholars from the discipline still refer to these players as “nontraditional” supply chain actors. The political CSR (PCSR) theoretical stream complements the SSCM literature and provides a new perspective to shed the light on the effectiveness and legitimacy of collective arrangements in dealing with wicked problems in global supply networks. This research adopts an inductive qualitative approach and explores collective arrangements through the case of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). The findings are articulated around four papers, exploring the following issues: (1) the role of nontraditional actors in the governance of SSCM; (2) the mechanisms employed by a leading collective initiative to promote sustainability along the palm oil supply network; (3) the “dark sides” of these new forms of governance of wicked problems and; (4) the construction of a collective identity and a legitimate authority in tackling wicked problems. In contrast to the current normative approach of PCSR, mobilizing the discourse analysis methodology in the PCSR field to shed light on the political multivocal discursive construction of collective identities, contributes to the exposure of subtle and less-apparent power dynamics, underpinning the legitimacy construction of collective initiatives. By adopting a critical approach, the main contribution of this research to the SSCM literature is the shift from the traditional SCM assumptions of linearity (dominated by the focal-firm-centric perspective) to a more integrative logic at the supraorganizational level. In doing so, it is possible to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of collective arrangements in the context of supply networks and reveal their underlying political and power struggles in framing the different facets of wicked problems

Este trabalho consiste em um estudo sobre o arranjo produtivo local (APL) de agroindústrias familiares e produtores de alimentos do Vale do Rio Pardo (APLVRP), reconhecido no Programa de APLs do estado, além de ser uma alternativa econômica aos produtores de tabaco na região. O objetivo foi avaliar a influência das relações interorganizacionais na eficiência coletiva do arranjo. Como quadro teórico, utilizou-se o conceito de eficiência coletiva, compreendendo que as externalidades não são suficientes para assegurar um desenvolvimento duradouro à aglomeração, necessitando a ação conjunta (SCHMITZ, 1997a). Para compreender a natureza das relações entre os atores, adotou-se a abordagem de redes (SOUZA, 2008), optando pela perspectiva analítica do estudo de redes (POWELL; SMITH-DOERR, 1994), baseando-se na concepção de imersão social (GRANOVETTER, 1985), segundo a qual as ações econômicas estão imersas em redes de relações sociais. Foi utilizada a imersão estrutural como enfoque (ZUKIN; DIMAGGIO, 1990), referindo-se à contextualização das trocas econômicas em padrões contínuos de relações interpessoais, admitindo-se na análise, contudo, outros tipos de imersão: política, cognitiva e cultural (Idem). Utilizando-se a abordagem qualitativa, o estudo foi conduzido através da estratégia de estudo de caso e pesquisa longitudinal com corte transversal, enfocando em momentos históricos da trajetória do arranjo desde 2012 até os dias atuais (VIEIRA, 2006). As principais fontes dos dados foram: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, observação e entrevista semiestruturada, utilizando-se análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1977). A análise histórica do arranjo permitiu concluir que os atores centrais que atuam no APL surgiram no contexto da produção de tabaco na região. Através da análise das inter-relações entre os atores do APL (imersão social estrutural), pôde-se compreender a ocorrência de alterações na configuração da rede (NOHRIA, 1992) – mudança da entidade gestora e a inclusão de novos atores na rede, como os produtores de alimentos in natura, permitindo a intensificação das ações conjuntas com as cooperativas, propiciando eficiência coletiva (SCHMITZ, 1997a) para o arranjo – ocasionadas pela ampliação do escopo de atuação do APL – um resultado da ação conjunta e mobilização de seus atores. Constatou-se a importância das relações inter-atores entre entidades de apoio, especialmente a EMATER, para superar dificuldades enfrentadas pelas agroindústrias, notadamente a informalidade no setor. A imersão social ajudou a compreender como a configuração dos relacionamentos entre os atores pode beneficiar intermediários e até agroindústrias de fora da região em detrimento dos produtores locais, limitando, portanto, a eficiência coletiva do arranjo. Identificaram-se externalidades positivas e negativas no arranjo, principalmente em decorrência da região ser um local de produção de tabaco. Por fim, observou-se a importância das políticas públicas locais no estímulo a APLs em fases iniciais de desenvolvimento. Entretanto, os resultados revelam as limitações da eficiência coletiva passiva, oriunda das externalidades. Nesse sentido, constata-se a necessidade da eficiência coletiva ativa (NADVI, 1996), através da ação de atores privados na geração de resultados duradouros para o arranjo.
This dissertation consists on a case study of the local productive arrangement (APL) of family food agroindustries and food producers of the Rio Pardo Valley (APLVRP), which is part of the APLs Program of the state, also as an economic alternative to the tobacco farmers in the region. The main objective was to evaluate the influence of interorganizational relations in the collective efficiency of the cluster. As a theoretical framework, the concept of collective efficiency was used, understanding that externalities are not sufficient to ensure a sustainable development of the cluster, requiring joint action (SCHMITZ, 1997a). In order to understand the nature of the relations between the actors, the networks approach (SOUZA, 2008) was adopted, opting for the analytical perspective of the study of networks (POWELL, SMITH-DOERR, 1994), based on the concept of social embeddedness (GRANOVETTER, 1985), according to which economic actions are embedded in networks of social relations. It focused of structural embeddedness (ZUKIN; DIMAGGIO, 1990), which refers to the contextualization of economic exchanges in continuous patterns of interpersonal relations, admitting in the analysis, however, other types of embeddedness: political, cognitive and cultural embeddedness (Id.). Using the qualitative approach, the study was conducted through the case study and cross-sectional longitudinal research strategy, focusing on historical moments of cluster’s trajectory (VIEIRA, 2006). The main data sources were: bibliographic research, documental research, observation and semi-structured interview, using content analysis (BARDIN, 1977). Historical analysis of the cluster allowed us to conclude that the central actors acting in the APL appeared in the context of tobacco production in the region. Through the analysis of the interrelations between the actors of the APL (structural social embeddedness), it was possible to understand the occurrence of changes in the network configuration (NOHRIA, 1992) – shift of the management entity and the inclusion of new actors in the network, as the producers of in natura foods, and the intensification of joint actions with the cooperatives, providing collective efficiency (SCHMITZ, 1997a) for the cluster – caused by the expansion of the scope of the APL, as a result of the joint action and mobilization of its actors. The importance of inter-actor relations between support entities, especially EMATER, was verified in order to overcome difficulties faced by agroindustries, especially informality in the sector. Social embeddedness helped to understand how the configuration of relationships between actors can benefit intermediaries and even agro-industries from outside the region to the detriment of local producers, thus limiting the collective efficiency of the arrangement. Positive and negative externalities were identified in the cluster, mainly as a result of the region being a tobacco production site. Finally, the importance of local public policies in stimulating APLs in the early stages of development was verified. However, the results reveal the limitations of the passive collective efficiency, arising from externalities. Thus, it is needed active collective efficiency (NADVI, 1996), through the action of private actors in generating enduring results for the cluster.

Les politiques publiques affichent des objectifs, pensent et produisent des injonctions qui ont pour but de cadrer l’action publique territorialisée. A l’étude nous avons cependant pu constater que ces développements ne se soucient pas toujours des capacités et des potentialités de compréhension, d’appropriation et de mise en œuvre, non seulement des objectifs, mais aussi des modalités pour traduire cette action publique sur le terrain. Les opérateurs font en effet face aux urgences de mettre en œuvre les injonctions dans des délais relativement courts, qui ne leur laissent que peu de temps pour comprendre les enjeux, problématiser et construire l'ingénierie la plus adéquate pour mettre en œuvre l’action publique territorialisée. A travers notre démarche méthodologique d’inspiration ethnographique, nous avons voulu observer comment les acteurs au quotidien ont alors à inventer, au-delà des cadres et des règlements préétablis, des pratiques et une mise en ordre de l’action publique territorialisée, essayant ce faisant de poursuivre ou de se rapprocher des objectifs fixés par les politiques publiques.Les analyses des interactions des individus, l’étude des documents qui circulent entre eux, les observations in situ ainsi que les entretiens ont permis de révéler comment les individus développent des « conventions » (Diaz-Bone & Thévenot, 2010) à la fois pratiques et langagières pour se comprendre et mener leurs activités et reconnaissent certaines « manières de faire » (de Certeau, 1900) comme étant les plus pertinentes pour résoudre les énigmes auxquelles ils sont confrontés. Même si les acteurs n’en ont pas conscience, l’ensemble de ces éléments, ancrés, actualisés et plus récents, forment ainsi une matrice (Kuhn, 1962) interprofessionnelle au sein de laquelle se développent les actions et se constituent des références communes qui influent fortement sur tout ce qui se joue et est produit au sein de et par ce système. Tout en agissant dans cette dimension matricielle, les acteurs continuent de l’alimenter en s’engageant dans des instances collectives. D’une part les individus y assoient la défense de leurs propres représentations et conceptions des injonctions et objectifs, d’autre part ils essaient de trouver ou de partager des moyens d’actions propres à assurer la mise en œuvre des moyens qui permettront de les atteindre ou de les approcher, oscillant dans ces modes de cheminement entre éthiques professionnelle, morale et même plus personnelle
The public policies display targets, think about and elaborate injunctions which have a purpose to frame the public territorial activities. However our study shows how these intentions are not always aligned with the collective skills, the potentialities of comprehension, the capacities of appropriation and the possibilities of enforcement to reach the goals in the territories, not even the capacities to understand and perform the public activity. The workers are urged by the short delays imposed. They don’t have much time to understand the issues, to engage a problematization process and to build the most suitable engineering to enforce the public territorial activity. Through our ethographic approach, we wanted to observe how the workers create some daily pratices beyond the rules and the frames settled up for us, while they try to follow or get closer to the policies targets. By using the interactionnism analysis, the documents which circulate or not between the workers and their interviews, we were able to show how the individuals elaborate some pratical and language agreements (Diaz-Bone & Thévenot, 2010) to understand each others, carry out particular activities and recognize some « ways of doing » (de Certeau, 1990) as the most releavant to solve their problems. Even if the individuals are not aware of it, all the elements, grounded, actualized and the most recent of them, belong to an interprofessionnal matrix. The activities and the mutual references expand in this matrix. These aspects influence the issues and the productions within and through this system.While acting on the matrix, the individuals nourish it by commiting in the collective. On one hand the individuals are able to protect their own representations and conceptions of the policies injunctions and targets. On the other hand they try to find and share their own ways to act by their own to reach the targets. They are constently swinging between moral, professionnal and personal ethics

Cette étude a pour but d’explorer la dynamique de la négociation collective alors que celle-ci se déroule dans un contexte de restructuration. Plus spécifiquement, ce mémoire vise à explorer l’influence du rapport de force de l’acteur syndical lors d’une restructuration se déroulant sous la Loi sur les arrangements avec les créanciers des compagnies. Les résultats de recherche identifient les impacts sur la dynamique de la négociation collective. Le pouvoir de l’action syndicale est considérablement diminué. Ensuite, la structure de négociation collective est transformée unilatéralement par l’employeur et a comme conséquence l’affaiblissement du rapport de force de l’acteur syndical. Les stratégies de l’employeur, de par la primauté accordée à la réussite de la restructuration, contraignent le syndicat à peu de marge de manœuvre pendant la négociation collective. Ces résultats tendent ainsi à démontrer que la dynamique de la négociation collective vécue par l’acteur syndical est fortement influencée.

No campo das competências coletivas, a identificação e o reconhecimento de lacunas teóricoempíricas (BITENCOURT, 2001; BONOTTO, 2005; RUAS, 2001; SANDBERG, 2000) têm sido um importante elemento motivador de novos estudos na área. Assim, o presente estudo busca elementos que possam representar uma contribuição acadêmica ao campo das competências coletivas, desenvolvendo uma articulação conceitual com o pensamento sistêmico e com arranjos produtivos locais. Nessa articulação, o que se busca é identificar pontos de contato entre as três abordagens que possam representar avanços para a sua aplicação em projetos de desenvolvimento local. O principal objetivo é verificar como o pensamento sistêmico pode contribuir para a identificação das competências coletivas e seu estágio de formação, no caso, do APL vitivinícola da Serra Gaúcha. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso (YIN, 2005), com coleta de dados, através da história oral, baseada em entrevistas, observação direta e análise documental, tendo como unidade de análise as principais entidades que representam o setor vitivinícola nacional. Para análise dos resultados, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados indicam que, através de um esforço deliberado, o nível de percepção relativo à interdependência presente no ALP vitivinícola da Serra Gaúcha, pode fomentar o desenvolvimento de uma cultura endógena de colaboração, que possibilite manifestar uma competência coletiva.
Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-13T15:33:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Adriana Locatelli Bertolini.pdf: 1613026 bytes, checksum: bdd54bc222feb5cfcb681aab474291c5 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-13T15:33:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Adriana Locatelli Bertolini.pdf: 1613026 bytes, checksum: bdd54bc222feb5cfcb681aab474291c5 (MD5)
In the field of collective competences, identification and recognition of theoretical and empirical gaps (BITENCOURT, 2001; BONOTTO, 2005; RUAS, 2001; SANDBERG, 2000) have been an important motivator for further studies in the area. Thus, this study seeks to elements that may represent an academic contribution to the field of collective competences, developing a conceptual articulation with the systems thinking and local productive arrangements. In this connection, what is sought is to identify points of contact among the three approaches that can represent enhancements to its application in local development projects. The main objective is to identify how the system thinking may contribute to the identification of the collective competence and its stage of training based on Local Productive Arrangements of vitiviniculture of Serra Gaucha. The methodology used was a case study (YIN, 2005), with data collection through oral history, based on interviews, direct observation and document analysis, using for unit of analysis, the main agencies that represent the national wine industry. To analyze the results, we used the technique of content analysis. The main results indicate that through a deliberate effort, the level of perception in relation to the interdependence present in the LPA of vitiniculture of Serra Gaucha, can foster the development of a endogenous culture of collaboration that allows to express a collective competence.

Au croisement des courants de recherche sur l’étude du travail et sur celle de l’organisation, la thèse analyse la transformation de la main d’œuvre dans l’entreprise via la généralisation du recours à des formes d’emploi qualifiées d’atypiques. La littérature fait état d’une tendance à la déconnexion entre, d'une part, des pratiques de travail dans l’entreprise mêlant des individus aux statuts juridiques différents et, d'autre part, des théories de l’organisation reposant sur une relation d’emploi uniforme entre l’entreprise et ses travailleurs. Sur le terrain, les travailleurs réalisent l’activité de l’entreprise qu’ils soient salariés ou extérieurs, tout en conservant la représentation d’une main d’œuvre constituée de salariés. L’observation directe de la collaboration entre des salariés et des travailleurs extérieurs sur le lieu de travail de l’entreprise permet de comprendre les mécanismes à l’œuvre dans la réalisation commune d’activités sur le lieu de travail de l’entreprise. Pour décrire cette catégorie d’action, qui se situe entre l’étude du travail et celle de l’organisation (au sens de structure formelle représentée par l’entreprise), on proposera la notion d' « équipe composite ». L’équipe composite s’envisage comme une entité modulaire dont les statuts juridiques des travailleurs constituent les interfaces. L’entreprise intègre l’équipe composite au sein de sa structure légitime par des mécanismes bureaucratiques atténués. Quant aux acteurs, ils composent leur rôle de travailleur sur le lieu de l’entreprise au-delà de leur statut juridique et en fonction d’un répertoire construit à partir de leur expérience professionnelle
Bridging work and organization studies, the dissertation analyzes changing workforce in the workplace due to the rising use of nonstandard arrangements. Previous research shows that the current organizational theory is based on inadequate conceptions of work inherited from industrial era. Today, the use of nonstandard work arrangements is very common. This leads to a blend of regular workers and nonstandard workers in the same work situation. As individuals don’t formulate the blending way of performing activities, we observe that a collective action remains possible even if the workers' legal statuses are different. As a consequence, a direct observation is needed to sort out the issue of the collaboration of regular workers and nonstandard workers in a firm’s workplace in order to understand how collective action happens. The “composite team” expression could describe this kind of collective action occurring in a specific organization involving people whose statuses differ. The firm does not disappear by integrating people from other organizations; it acts as an integrator of modular units composed by a composite team. The individuals play a role beyond their legal status in the workplace, depending on a repertoire built from professional experience

Throughout the long history of the library, there have been many examples of methodical approaches to creating techniques, tools and knowledge that contribute to creating the library profession as we know it today. Collection arrangement and book labelling represent skills that are built into the very foundations of librarianship.With the opening of each new library, with collection merging or moving, or when building open access to a collection from scratch, librarians continue to question the methods they inherited. Librarians have to have a good understanding of the details and functions of book labelling in order to make an informed decision on how much of the work required for book labelling and re-shelving can be saved or replaced by other methods of locating and presenting documents.

Cette recherche vise à étudier les processus de transformation du « sale boulot » en « bel ouvrage » et ce en privilégiant la problématique de la reconnaissance de soi au travail, entendue comme résultant d’une tension entre les « usages de soi ». La division morale du travail à l'hôpital ordonne les tâches, mais aussi les métiers autour d’une répartition clivant les activités au service de la vie et les activités au service de l’épuration des traces de la mort. L’ investigation part de la notion de « sale boulot » et analyse les traces de cette division morale et psychologique du travail, ici celles qui se réfèrent à des activités de confrontation à la mort.Le cadre théorique retenu articule l’éclairage anthropologique et historique du traitement de la mort dans la société et dans l’hôpital, le concept de négatif psychosocial comme analyseur de la hiérarchisation morale du travail et la reconnaissance de soi, discutée par les théories de la clinique du travail. Ici, l’activité est l’unité d’analyse fondamentale et le collectif de travail est conceptualisé comme espace transitionnel où les usages de soi sont dialectalisés. Les activités analysées et comparées sont les Interruptions Médicales de Grossesse (IMG) et les Interruptions Volontaires de Grossesse (IVG) dans une unité de gynécologie ainsi que celles d’accompagnement de la fin de vie en équipe mobile de soins palliatifs. La méthodologie s’inscrit dans la tradition de la recherche action et s’appuie sur l’observation-participante et la conduite d’entretiens semi-structurés auprès de soignants et de leur encadrement. Les résultats de cette recherche sont présentés selon trois axes : la hiérarchisation morale des unités, des professionnels et des activités est articulée aux stratégies défensives collectives, aux idéologies de métier: elles contribuent à la définition et à la délégation du « sale boulot » dans l’organisation du travail. Le deuxième axe présente les différentes configurations groupales en fonction de la sollicitation d’affects archaïques dans les activités, liant ou déliant les collectifs de travail. Des stratégies de dégagement ont été identifiées : elles ouvrent la voie à la construction des trames symboliques qui permettent de domestiquer les résonances fantasmatiques de la confrontation avec « l’objet » de travail, la mort et ses équivalents symboliques, la maladie, la vieillesse, la déficience, la perte, le manque ... La capacité d’instituer de nouvelles normes et de se reconnaître dans son travail puise dans des configurations collectives fondées sur des règles partagées. Dans les cas de défaillances du collectif de travail, le recours aux ressources trans-individuelles permet de subvertir le négatif en travail estimable : elles renvoient au travail de civilisation, dans ses différentes dimensions
This research aimed at studying the process of transformation of “dirty work” into “commendable work”. This was done by highlighting self-recognition at work, understood as the result of self-agency tensions. Work moral division at the hospital organizes tasks as well as careers through the separation of life-preserving related activities from death-reminiscence related ones. The research focuses on the notion of “dirty work” and analyzes, through death-related activities, work’s moral and psychological division.The theoretical framework used articulates anthropological and historical views on how modern society and thereby, the hospital deals with death; intertwining theories derived from “work’s clinical psychology” with the concept of psychosocial negative, analyzer of both work’s moral hierarchy and self-recognition. Herein, activity is the fundamental unit of analysis and the “collective work arrangements” are conceptualized as transitional space for the emergence of self-agency dialectics. The activities analyzed and compared are medical termination of pregnancy, abortion at the gynecological unit and accompanying the dying at the palliative care mobile team. The method subscribes to the action-research tradition, whereby participant-observation and semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers as well as chief-nurses were used. The results of this research are presented under three main axes: Firstly, the moral hierarchization of the medical units, of the professions and of the activities is articulated to the collective defense strategies as well as to professional ideology, which contribute to the definition and to the banishment of “dirty work”, thus structuring the organization of work itself. Secondly, the different group configurations are a function of archaic affects emerging from dealing with death-related activities. These may involve, but also encumber healthcare professionals, thus disorganizing the “collective work arrangements”. Strategies to disengage were identified: they open up to symbolic resources which allow restraining fantasmatic resonance induced by the confrontation of the object of their work, i.e. death, and its symbolic equivalents, disease, old-age, deficiency, loss… Moreover, the capacity to institute new norms and to recognize oneself while working has its bearing on collective configuration founded upon shared norms. Finally, should “collective work arrangements” fail to be created, trans-individual resources are called upon to subvert negative into estimable work, based on the different dimensions of “Civilization work”

Business Administration/Human Resource Management
D.B.A.
The official standard of a 40-hour work week has not changed for decades in the United States. A flexible work arrangement (a.k.a. telework, flexible schedule or telecommuting) is an alternative to the traditional 9am to 5pm, 40+hours work week in office. In truth, the working environment has changed as employees are expected to work more than 40 hours per week and must be accessible around the clock on weekends and after the end of the workday. Millennials and Baby Boomers (called the emerging populations) are pushing the agenda on flexible work arrangements and getting more flexible schedules. Technology makes this all possible. Millennials are described as the always-connected-to-the-internet generation (Choney, 2012), while any new technological process requires significant instruction and training, and presents a challenge for older workers (Charness, 2006). This grounded theory research (Glaser and Strauss, 1999) informs and updates academics, practitioners, companies, and employees on how technology is enabling flexible working arrangements (referred to as FWA) for the emerging populations. The paper draws on both unstructured interviews and a survey with key informants across age ranges who are business owners, corporate workers, and employees. It explores the tools that are critical to connecting to the office, the advantages and disadvantages of working outside the office, and gives guidelines for employers and workers to utilize when creating a best-in-class flexible environment. Keywords: flexible work arrangement, flexible schedule, millennials, baby boomers, telecommuting, work-life conflict, technology, best practices, emerging populations
Temple University--Theses

In Spring 2007, the University of Central Florida (UCF) Department of Theatre mounted a production of "The Rocky Horror Show." This thesis focuses on the author's process of using the gospel music style to revitalize "The Rocky Horror Show," a cult musical. The author uses defining characteristics of the cult film genre to establish a set of guidelines. "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" is the movie version of the stage musical and is responsible for the show's inevitable cult status. He discusses the history and journey of "The Rocky Horror Show" and how audience participation was integral in establishing this landmark musical. The reader observes the process used in rearranging "The Rocky Horror Show" score from start to finish and recordings used as influence throughout. Although this is a discussion of a musical process, this portion of the document is written in terms for all to understand, and a glossary of terms is provided for those that are unsure of certain vocabulary. With a show that is well established, one must be careful when making stylistic changes. The author took this into consideration when arranging the score and rationalizes through a discussion of gospel music history, key gospel elements apparent throughout the score, and how the essence of Richard O'Brien's music remains intact.
M.F.A.
Department of Theatre
Arts and Humanities
Theatre MFA

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IedaILS.pdf: 814868 bytes, checksum: f5dfa726779d2deab6a40f2b7f30d3e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-20
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
This work is a study in the Local Productive Arrangement of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco, as a relevant sector in economic and social aspect. This research has as central aim to understand how the inter-organizational relations influence the collective efficiency of arrangement. The theoretical framework employed highlights the approaches that deal with the benefits of business agglomeration for the develop?ment of firms and regions. It has discussed the approach of small and medium enter? prises and industrial districts (SCHMITZ, 1997), which introduce the concept of col? lective efficiency, explaining that only those externalities explained by Marshall (1996) are not sufficient to explain the competitive advantage of enterprises, expand?ing the idea that organizations achieve competitive advantage not acting alone. To examine the influences of relations in the collective efficiency, it has been taken as analytical perspective theory of social networks (GRANOVETTER, 1973, 1985; BURT, 1992; UZZI, 1997) because it has believe that this approach provides subsi? dies for a structural analysis of social relationships in face the behavior of human ac?tion. By examining the organizations in a social network, you should understand the reason of this establishment of the relationship, their benefits, and as the information flow takes place and density of links between the actors (Powell; SMITH-DOERR, 1994). As for the methods, this study is characterized as a case study, in according to the purposed objectives, in addition to qualitative method. Also, due to recovering of the historical milestones of the arrangement, it is used a sectional approach with longitudinal perspective (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the evolutionary process of the sector and their inter-actors re? lationships in the arrangement for the promotion of development, for both, was used the contend and documentary analysis technique, respectively (DELLAGNELO ; SIL?VA, 2005). The approach of social networks has permitted understand that social re?lationships may extend the collective efficiency of the arrangement, and therefore need to develop policies that encourage the legalization of informal companies in ar?rangement, by showing up themselves representative. Thus, the relations estab? lished in LPA of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco need for more effective mechanisms to broaden the collective efficiency. Therefore, this way as take place has directly benefited only a group of companies that are linked in some way the sup?portive institutions. So we can conclude that the inter-actor relations have limited the collective efficiency of LPA, being stimulated by the institutions in support only to groups of entrepreneurs, even those that produce external relations for all clustered companies
Este trabalho consiste em um estudo no Arranjo Produtivo Local de confec??es do Agreste de Pernambuco, por ser um setor relevante no aspecto econ?mico e social. O estudo tem como objetivo central compreender como as rela??es interorganizacionais influenciam na efici?ncia coletiva do arranjo. O referencial te?rico utilizado contempla as abordagens que tratam dos benef?cios das aglomera??es empresariais para o desenvolvimento das firmas e de regi?es. Em especial discute a abordagem das pequenas e m?dias empresas e distritos industriais (SCHMITZ, 1997), que introduz o conceito de efici?ncia coletiva, explicando que somente as externalidades explicadas por Marshall (1996) n?o s?o suficientes para elucidar a vantagem competitiva das empresas, ampliando a concep??o de que as organiza??es n?o alcan?am vantagem competitiva agindo isoladamente. Para analisar as influ?ncias das rela??es na efici?ncia coletiva tomou-se como perspectiva anal?tica a teoria de redes sociais (GRANOVETTER, 1973; 1985; BURT, 1992; UZZI, 1997) por entender que tal abordagem proporciona subs?dios para uma an?lise estrutural das rela??es sociais frente aos comportamentos da a??o humana. Ao analisar as organiza??es numa rede social, deve-se compreender o porqu? do estabelecimento da rela??o, seus benef?cios, e como ocorre o fluxo de informa??es e a densidade dos elos entre os atores (POWELL; SMITH-DOERR, 1994). Quanto aos m?todos, este estudo se caracteriza como um estudo de caso, em conson?ncia com os objetivos propostos utilizou-se como abordagem o m?todo qualitativo, e em fun??o do resgate dos marcos hist?rico do arranjo, utilizou-se uma abordagem seccional com perspectiva longitudinal (VIEIRA, 2004). Os dados prim?rios e secund?rios foram utilizados de forma a compreender o processo evolutivo do setor, bem como as rela??es inter-atores no arranjo para a promo??o do desenvolvimento, para tanto, utilizou-se da t?cnica de an?lise de conte?do e documental, respectivamente (DELLAGNELO; SILVA, 2005). A abordagem das redes sociais permitiu entender que as rela??es sociais podem ampliar a efici?ncia coletiva do arranjo, para tanto, precisa-se de mudan?as nas pol?ticas institucionais em promover a integra??o entre os atores econ?micos, fato que, de certa forma, se mostra desafiador para o SEBRAE tanto do ponto de vista da governan?a entre os atores, como para a capacita??o de recursos que pudessem ampliar as suas a??es no APL. Pois, da maneira como as rela??es ocorrem, beneficiam diretamente apenas um grupo de empresas que est?o ligadas de alguma forma as institui??es de apoio. Portanto, pode-se concluir que as rela??es inter-atores t?m limitado a efici?ncia coletiva do APL, por serem estimuladas pelas institui??es de apoio apenas a grupos de empres?rios, mesmo que essas rela??es produzam externalidades para todas as empresas aglomeradas

This research study examines the psychological and emotional experiences of children and parents as they embark on a permanent placement living arrangement. A permanent placement living arrangement is entered into when a child is no longer able to reside with their family of origin. Three family groups participated in the study and separate interviews were conducted with both the children and placement parents. Overall, three interviews were conducted, with the first interview taking place prior to the child’s transition into the family. A further two interviews were conducted with the participants after the transition had taken place. The findings of this study indicate that both the parents and children were profoundly affected by the experience of permanent placement. The common themes that emerged from the data were the hopes, anxieties and coping strategies of the participants which became the focal point of analysis. The parents experienced a mixture of fulfilment, tempered with anxieties of whether they would be able to provide adequate care for the child placed with them. Whereas, the children appeared to find it difficult to trust that this experience would be any different from their previous experiences. The study concludes that further attention is needed in the preparation for the transition into permanent placement. It further concludes that ‘after transition’ support is important to the stability of the placement.

We study gender heterogeneity in use and access to flexible working hours in the Portuguese labour market, using a fixed effects approach. We combine linked employee-employer data, the labour force survey, and our own collect and coded litigation database, covering the periods from 2013 to 2019. We show that female workers have considerably lower use and access to flexitime, even in establishments able to provide it and in female dominated sectors. Our preferred estimate suggests that being a woman reduces the probability of having a flexible schedule by 7.3%. For female dominated sectors - education, and health and social care- the magnitude is even larger: 15.2% and 16.5%. Additionally, we provide evidence on therole of collective bargaining power in fostering female access to flexitime.

The Ezemvelo Farmers’ Organisation (EFO) is a certified organic smallholder group in KwaZulu-Natal province (South Africa) that exists as an institution to improve smallholder access to niche markets by reducing unit production and transaction costs. The study is motivated by the need to understand drivers of collective action, prevalence of internal group free-riding, and the impact of contract terms on contract performance. These three theoretical concepts are pertinent in understanding organisational and institutional issues affecting the performance of smallholder organic farming groups and in formulating policies to promote the performance of such groups. The study relies on the theoretical foundations of collective action, free-riding and contracts found within the realm of New Institutional Economics (NIE). These theories, though separate, are in fact related in certain respects. Collective action in smallholder groups, apart from being a function of a plethora of socio-economic factors, including transaction costs, could be constrained by free-riding within the group, which in turn could be influenced by flawed contractual arrangements. This study of collective action focuses on 200 farmers drawn from a sample survey of 49 non-EFO members, and a census survey of 103 partially certified and 48 fully certified EFO members. A ‘collective action’ model investigates the impact of perceived benefits and savings on production and transaction costs attributed to collective action by drawing comparisons between EFO members and non-members using a multinomial logit model. The study of free-riding uses data from 151 members of the EFO to construct an index of free-riding within the group using principal components analysis (PCA). A ‘contract model’, which also focuses on EFO members only, attempts to measure the impact of verbal contract provisions on contract performance in addition to evaluating the determinants of preferred contract terms using a combination of PCA, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and logit models. Results indicate that continued participation in EFO is not influenced by the age or gender of the farmer, but positively influenced by growth in the net benefits of participation, and negatively by an increase in the size of the household’s cropland or on-farm earnings. With respect to production and transaction costs, the results suggest that EFO has reduced fully certified members’ concerns that crops would be damaged by livestock or constrained by inadequate technical information. However, this is not the case for other problems such as price uncertainty in conventional markets, a lack of affordable operating inputs, a lack of affordable transport, and a lack of communications infrastructure. The index of free-riding behaviour constructed using principal components analysis suggests that free-riding poses a serious threat to EFO’s collective marketing efforts. Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis of the index scores shows that members who are male, poorly educated, partially certified, aware of loopholes in the grading system, and who do not trust the buyer are more likely to free-ride. Benefits accruing to EFO members are limited and there is substantial confusion among members about the terms of EFO’s verbal contract with the pack house that purchases their organic produce. Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis of the impact that perceived contractual terms have on quantities delivered to the pack house yielded interesting findings. Perceptions that delivery calls are made by the buyer, that grading procedures are flawed and that prices are not jointly established were found to reduce quantities delivered to the pack house, after controlling for differences in farm and farmer characteristics. Logit models estimated to identify the determinants of preferred contract clauses indicate that farmers with higher levels of formal education and farm income, and lower levels of experience, favour a written contract over a verbal contract. Similarly, farmers with higher levels of formal education and lower levels of family farm labour favour a contract denominated by area rather than weight. It is concluded that EFO should recruit households that rely on farming for income and which are land constrained. EFO is more likely to survive if it continues to secure fully subsidised information, transport, fencing, and certification services for its members, and if it improves the benefits of participating by synchronising harvest and delivery dates, negotiating price discounts for organic inputs, and by maintaining an office with telephone, fax and postal services. In the longer-term, EFO should address institutionalised free-riding by issuing tradable ownership rights. In the short-term, EFO must engage with the pack house (buyer) to remove flaws in the grading process that conceal the origin of low quality produce. Transparent and mediated negotiations leading to an incentive compliant contract with the buyer may also help to build trust and reduce free-riding within EFO. It is also recommended that the terms of EFO’s contract with the pack house should be revised so that; (a) delivery calls can be made by either the pack house or by EFO during specified periods and with reasonable notice, and (b) grading procedures are fully transparent and ensure traceability so that losses caused by poor quality can be internalised to members who deliver inferior produce. In addition, it is important that prices be negotiated at the beginning of each season and that the contractual parties have recourse to pre-agreed facilitators and an arbitrator to resolve disputes on price and quality. A written contract is recommended to support these more complex terms, with the proviso that the contract is explained to current and prospective members, and that growers are fully informed of their rights and obligations.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.

This project responds to an ongoing discussion in scholarship that identifies and analyzes the ideological functions of computer interfaces. In 1994, Cynthia Selfe and Richard Selfe claimed that interfaces are maps of cultural information and are therefore ideological (485). For Selfe and Selfe and other scholars, these interfaces carried a colonial ideology that resulted in Western dominance over other cultures. Since this early scholarship, our perspectives on interface have shifted with changing technology; interfaces can no longer be treated as having persistent and predictable characteristics like texts. I argue that interfaces are interactions among dynamic information that is constantly being updated online. One of the most prominent ways users interact with information online is through the use of search engines such as Google. Interfaces like Google assist users in navigating dynamic cultural information. How this information is arranged in a Google search event has a profound impact on what meaning we make surrounding the search term. In this project, I argue that colonial ideologies are upheld in several Google search events for the term “Benghazi, Libya.” I claim that networked connection during Google search events leads to the creation and sustainment of a colonial ideology through patterns of arrangement. Finally, I offer a methodology for understanding how ideologies are created when search events occur. This methodology searches for patterns in connected information in order to understand how they create an ideological lens.
M.A.
Masters
Writing and Rhetoric
Arts and Humanities
English; Rhetoric and Composition Track

The subject of this diploma thesis is the proposal of land consolidation in the cadastral area Všeradov. Part of the land consolidation is the evaluation and description of the area, with a focus on measures to access to the property, erosion control measures to protect the land fund, measures for the creation and protection of the environment and water management. An important part of the proposal is to establish the perimeter of land consolidation and last but not least, create the claims inventory owners and proposal a new land arrangement for selected owners. The results of this diploma thesis are presented in text and graphical form, processed using ArcGIS software.