Artículos de revistas: "Collective approaches"

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Windmuller, John P. "Current Approaches to Collective Bargaining." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 43, n.º 4 (abril de 1990): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2524146.

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Fine, Gary Alan y Aaron Beim. "Introduction: Interactionist Approaches to Collective Memory". Symbolic Interaction 30, n.º 1 (febrero de 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/si.2007.30.1.1.

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Urzay, Iñaki. "Collective intelligence approaches to malware recognition". Network Security 2008, n.º 5 (mayo de 2008): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(08)70065-5.

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4

Tsevelov, O. Ye. "COLLECTIVE SECURITY SYSTEM: MODERN APPROACHES AND PROBLEMS". "Scientific Notes of Taurida V.I. Vernadsky University", series "Public Administration" 31, n.º 6 (2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/tnu-2663-6468/2020.6/16.

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Zhou y Segerson. "Individual vs. Collective Approaches to Fisheries Management". Marine Resource Economics 31, n.º 2 (2016): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44011782.

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6

Walzer, Norman, Liz Weaver y Catherine McGuire. "Collective impact approaches and community development issues". Community Development 47, n.º 2 (22 de enero de 2016): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2015.1133686.

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7

Wertsch, James V. y Henry L. Roediger. "Collective memory: Conceptual foundations and theoretical approaches". Memory 16, n.º 3 (abril de 2008): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210701801434.

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8

Zhou, Rong y Kathleen Segerson. "Individual vs. Collective Approaches to Fisheries Management". Marine Resource Economics 31, n.º 2 (abril de 2016): 165–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/685384.

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9

O'Keeffe, Bernadette. "Opening up Approaches to Collective Worship in School". Journal of Beliefs & Values 10, n.º 2 (enero de 1989): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1361767890100204.

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10

Chvoj, Zdeněk, Martin Mašín y T. Ala-Nissila. "Theoretical approaches to collective diffusion on stepped surfaces". Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2006, n.º 10 (6 de octubre de 2006): P10003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2006/10/p10003.

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11

King, Janet. "Book Review: Collective Worship in Schools: Contemporary Approaches". Journal of Education and Christian Belief 1, n.º 1 (marzo de 1997): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/205699719700100118.

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12

Fenwick, Angela, Sandi Dheensa, Gillian Crawford, Shiri Shkedi-Rafid y Anneke Lucassen. "Rescue Obligations and Collective Approaches: Complexities in Genomics". American Journal of Bioethics 15, n.º 2 (febrero de 2015): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2014.990763.

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13

Rosenthal-Sabroux, Camille y Pascale ZaratÉ. "Editorial: Tackling Collective Decision Processes by Several Approaches". Group Decision and Negotiation 14, n.º 2 (marzo de 2005): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10726-005-2408-7.

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14

Ananthakrishna, G. "Current theoretical approaches to collective behavior of dislocations". Physics Reports 440, n.º 4-6 (marzo de 2007): 113–259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2006.10.003.

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15

da Providência, J. P. "Collective modes in metals: quantal and semiclassical approaches". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 20, n.º 48 (28 de octubre de 2008): 485219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/20/48/485219.

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16

Chung, John Joon Young, Jean Y. Song, Sindhu Kutty, Sungsoo (Ray) Hong, Juho Kim y Walter S. Lasecki. "Efficient Elicitation Approaches to Estimate Collective Crowd Answers". Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW (7 de noviembre de 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3359164.

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17

Skavitin, Alexei Vasilievich. "APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS". Labour and Social Relations Journal 29, n.º 3 (2018): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20410/2073-7815-2018-29-3-93-102.

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18

Koza, Mitchell P. y Jean-Claude Thoenig. "Rethinking the Firm: Organizational Approaches". Organization Studies 24, n.º 8 (octubre de 2003): 1219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01708406030248003.

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How does social science based organization theory describe the business firm? Sociology, political science, social psychology and ethnology have inspired two almost classical perspectives. One theorizes the firm as an arena for strategic behavior. The other underlines the way social pressure mechanisms structure a moral community dimension. Two additional approaches exist, less explored. The firm can be defined as a collective actor, the agenda for knowledge being to explain how far collective choice is possible. Or the firm may be studied from a cognitive perspective, as an organization which interprets and thinks. The article argues that organization theory offers a unitary if not limited view of the business firm. Social sciences basically debate around two alternative views which differentiate according to four characteristics: the action arena or the context of behavior; the teleological property of the unit; the payoff matrix or the sources of preferences with which members enter collective choice contexts; and the sources of managerial influence.

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19

Anderson, Christy. "Writing the Architectural Survey: Collective Authorities and Competing Approaches". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 58, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1999): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991528.

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20

Cinalli, Daniel, Luis Martí, Nayat Sanchez-Pi y Ana Cristina Bicharra Garcia. "Collective intelligence approaches in interactive evolutionary multi-objective optimization". Logic Journal of the IGPL 28, n.º 1 (22 de enero de 2020): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzz074.

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Abstract Evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms (EMOAs) have been successfully applied in many real-life problems. EMOAs approximate the set of trade-offs between multiple conflicting objectives, known as the Pareto optimal set. Reference point approaches can alleviate the optimization process by highlighting relevant areas of the Pareto set and support the decision makers to take the more confident evaluation. One important drawback of this approaches is that they require an in-depth knowledge of the problem being solved in order to function correctly. Collective intelligence has been put forward as an alternative to deal with situations like these. This paper extends some well-known EMOAs to incorporate collective preferences and interactive techniques. Similarly, two new preference-based multi-objective optimization performance indicators are introduced in order to analyze the results produced by the proposed algorithms in the comparative experiments carried out.

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21

Mertig, Angela G. "Social Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action". Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 33, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2004): 578–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610403300543.

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22

Cullen, Kristin y Francis J. Yammarino. "Special issue on collective and network approaches to leadership". Leadership Quarterly 25, n.º 1 (febrero de 2014): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.12.005.

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23

Cullen-Lester, Kristin L. y Francis J. Yammarino. "Collective and network approaches to leadership: Special issue introduction". Leadership Quarterly 27, n.º 2 (abril de 2016): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.02.001.

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24

Zorn, Matthias L., Anna-Kristina Marel, Felix J. Segerer y Joachim O. Rädler. "Phenomenological approaches to collective behavior in epithelial cell migration". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1853, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2015): 3143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.021.

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25

Paton, J., R. Jenkins y J. Scott. "Collective approaches for the control of depression in England". Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 36, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2001): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270170019.

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26

Cabanha, Regiane Santana da Conceição Ferreira, Maria Eduarda Wanderley de Barros Silva, Erik Vinicius Barros Guedes, Ana Claudia Rodrigues da Silva, Rodrigo Euripedes da Silveira, Ana Paula Stefanelo e. Silva, Joseanne Maria Xavier de Albuquerque Silva, Paula Regina Rodrigues Salgado, Fagner Carvalho Leite y Rodrigo Daniel Zanoni. "Public health management: integrated approaches to promoting collective health". Concilium 23, n.º 17 (22 de agosto de 2023): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1849-23m54.

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Public health management can have integrated approaches to the promotion of collective health, in a set of strategies, policies and practices used to manage health services and resources at the public level. This study aims to analyze and discuss what are the main integrated approaches made by public health management to promote public health. This is an integrative literature review, carried out between May and July 2023, in the SciELO, BVS and Google Academico databases. A total of 130 articles were found, after screening with the criteria defined by the research, only 10 studies were selected to compose the final sample. Public health is a field that deals with issues related to the health of the general population, rather than focusing only on isolated individuals, so several elements constitute the success of health management. It is concluded that the main approaches are related to education, training and health promotion, access and quality of health services, disease prevention and monitoring, research and partnerships.

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27

Pinter-Wollman, Noa, Alan Penn, Guy Theraulaz y Stephen M. Fiore. "Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, n.º 1753 (2 de julio de 2018): 20170232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0232.

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Built structures, such as animal nests or buildings that humans occupy, serve two overarching purposes: shelter and a space where individuals interact. The former has dominated much of the discussion in the literature. But, as the study of collective behaviour expands, it is time to elucidate the role of the built environment in shaping collective outcomes. Collective behaviour in social animals emerges from interactions, and collective cognition in humans emerges from communication and coordination. These collective actions have vast economic implications in human societies and critical fitness consequences in animal systems. Despite the obvious influence of space on interactions, because spatial proximity is necessary for an interaction to occur, spatial constraints are rarely considered in studies of collective behaviour or collective cognition. An interdisciplinary exchange between behavioural ecologists, evolutionary biologists, cognitive scientists, social scientists, architects and engineers can facilitate a productive exchange of ideas, methods and theory that could lead us to uncover unifying principles and novel research approaches and questions in studies of animal and human collective behaviour. This article, along with those in this theme issue aims to formalize and catalyse this interdisciplinary exchange. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’.

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28

Boas, Sara C. F. "Permanent Discovery or Collective Caprice?" Journal of General Management 23, n.º 1 (septiembre de 1997): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030630709702300105.

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‘The Learning Organization’ has become very fashionable on the conference circuit and among management consultants. The central message here is that there are various types of knowledge systems in organizations and care is needed in applying new learning approaches to them.

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Кальней y Vladimir Kalney. "Innovative approaches of high school students’ project activities". Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 2, n.º 1 (5 de marzo de 2013): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/291.

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Perspectives of pupils’ project activity development as a part of temporary multiple aged creative collective together with the students of higher educational institutions are investigated in this article. Offered methodology shows the increasing of high school pupils’ motivation to study the basics of collective scientific activity process.

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30

Ward, David. "Kai Zen: The Politics and the Poetics of Writing". Italica 99, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2022): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23256672.99.1.05.

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Abstract Beginning with the group's involvement with Wu Ming's Ti chiamerò Russell: Romanzo totale 2002, this article examines the writing collective Kai Zen's open- and closed-participation writing projects, focusing on the similarities and differences between the two collectives’ approaches. The article argues that Kai Zen's greater adherence to popular literary genres, such as science fiction, the western and the romanzo rosa, gives priority to the outcome of the collective writing enterprise, that is, the writing itself, rather than to the collective authors. The article concludes by drawing connections between collective writing as a prelude to collective political action.

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31

Schumacher, Linus J., Paul M. Kulesa, Rebecca McLennan, Ruth E. Baker y Philip K. Maini. "Multidisciplinary approaches to understanding collective cell migration in developmental biology". Open Biology 6, n.º 6 (junio de 2016): 160056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160056.

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Mathematical models are becoming increasingly integrated with experimental efforts in the study of biological systems. Collective cell migration in developmental biology is a particularly fruitful application area for the development of theoretical models to predict the behaviour of complex multicellular systems with many interacting parts. In this context, mathematical models provide a tool to assess the consistency of experimental observations with testable mechanistic hypotheses. In this review, we showcase examples from recent years of multidisciplinary investigations of neural crest cell migration. The neural crest model system has been used to study how collective migration of cell populations is shaped by cell–cell interactions, cell–environmental interactions and heterogeneity between cells. The wide range of emergent behaviours exhibited by neural crest cells in different embryonal locations and in different organisms helps us chart out the spectrum of collective cell migration. At the same time, this diversity in migratory characteristics highlights the need to reconcile or unify the array of currently hypothesized mechanisms through the next generation of experimental data and generalized theoretical descriptions.

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Yang, Zhibang, Yifu Zeng, Jiayi Du, Fangmin Li y Ahmad Salah. "Efficient index-independent approaches for the collective spatial keyword queries". Neurocomputing 439 (junio de 2021): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2020.06.150.

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33

Volpe, C. y Ph Chomaz. "Multiple Collective Vibrations and Nonlinear Dynamics in Mean-Field Approaches". Physical Review Letters 83, n.º 6 (9 de agosto de 1999): 1119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.83.1119.

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Severance, Jennifer, Susanna Luk-Jones, Griffin Melissa y Glenda Redeemer. "Mobilizing Collective Action for Public Health Approaches to Dementia Education". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.006.

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Abstract Addressing increasing rates of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) requires public health approaches including prevention, early detection and diagnosis, and outreach to low-income and minority communities facing higher risk and adverse health and economic outcomes. Communities are seeking ways to enhance cross-sector collaboration and overcome underdeveloped relationships and fragmentation that are barriers to effective public health responses. In this exploratory study, we evaluated outcomes of a community-wide effort to mobilize systems-level changes, build public awareness, and increase access to early detection services. A community-based organization, public health department, and academic institution in North Texas partnered to expand ADRD education programs and outreach for underserved communities. Nineteen community health workers were trained to provide brain health and ADRD education programs and refer to financial, legal, and social resources. Through collective action, 371 participants attended 26 education sessions delivered in English and Spanish. Forty-five percent of participants identified as non-white and 61% reported low educational attainment. Participants (n=314) completed post-surveys. As a result of training, 89% of trainees could recognize common warning signs of Alzheimer’s disease, 86% understood the importance of early detection and diagnosis, and 96% knew activities promoting cognitive health. Findings revealed strategies to increase collective action such as sharing data, establishing referral methods, and adopting dementia-friendly and age-friendly frameworks. Results show that collective action has the potential to build a community’s capacity for targeted ADRD education and improve access to early detection and brain health education for at-risk populations.

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SWANSON, GUY E. "The Powers and Capabilities of Selves: Social and Collective Approaches". Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 15, n.º 3 (octubre de 1985): 331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1985.tb00059.x.

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36

Belova, I. V. y G. E. Murch. "Two approaches for the evaluation of collective diffusion correlation factors". Philosophical Magazine A 73, n.º 1 (enero de 1996): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418619608242972.

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Matarić, Maja J. "Issues and approaches in the design of collective autonomous agents". Robotics and Autonomous Systems 16, n.º 2-4 (diciembre de 1995): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8890(95)00053-4.

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38

Windmuller, John P. "Book Review: Comparative Industrial Relations: Current Approaches to Collective Bargaining". ILR Review 43, n.º 4 (julio de 1990): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399004300421.

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39

Bruni, Roberto y Ugo Montanari. "Zero-Safe Nets: Comparing the Collective and Individual Token Approaches". Information and Computation 156, n.º 1-2 (enero de 2000): 46–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.1999.2819.

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40

Kurniawan, Ganda Febri. "Power-curriculum, collective memory, and alternative approaches in learning history". Jurnal Teori dan Praksis Pembelajaran IPS 8, n.º 1 (11 de abril de 2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um022v8i12023p8.

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This study analyzes the curriculum's influence, collective memory formation, and alternative approaches to learning history. This research was carried out using qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The data in this study consisted of 3 sources: informants, documents, and learning activities. Data analysis applied Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The research findings show that, as a reference document, the curriculum also has a negative impact on teachers, one of which is the perception that the curriculum is a rigid document and inhibits teacher freedom. So that in learning history, collective memory is formed based on official history, which is very difficult for teachers to provide information about alternative history. Teachers must implement alternative learning approaches such as humanism, critical pedagogy, and reflective approaches. To create a more enjoyable learning atmosphere and to accommodate all groups in Indonesia to be involved in discussing the history of their nation, which is humane and free from grudges and hatred.

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41

Fan, Fa-ti. "“Collective Monitoring, Collective Defense”: Science, Earthquakes, and Politics in Communist China". Science in Context 25, n.º 1 (27 de enero de 2012): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889711000329.

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ArgumentThis paper examines the earthquake monitoring and prediction program, called “collective monitoring, collective defense,” in communist China during the Cultural Revolution, a period of political upheavals and natural disasters. Guided by their scientific and political ideas, the Chinese developed approaches to earthquake monitoring and prediction that emphasized mass participation, everyday knowledge, and observations of macro-seismic phenomena. The paper explains the ideas, practices, and epistemology of the program within the political context of the Cultural Revolution. It also suggests possibilities for comparative analysis of science, state, and natural disasters. The paper redefines the concept of “citizen science” and argues that the concept provides a useful comparative perspective on the intimate relationship between science and the macropolitics of modern state and society.

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42

KOLOMOIETS, Yuliia O., Valentyna O. BONYAK y Irina O. KHOROSHILOVA. "Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Definition of Concept of Constitutional Right for Strike". Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, n.º 7 (20 de noviembre de 2019): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.7(37).18.

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The article deals with existing theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the concept ‘constitutional right to strike’. On the basis of their analysis the authors have reasoned that the constitutional right to strike is a socially determined, determined by the objective law norms the measure of possible (permissible) behavior of able-bodied subjects as an authorized party to the constitutional-legal relations, consisting in the temporary collective voluntary termination of work and provided to protect their own and general socio-economic rights and interests of the labor collective, provided by the behavior of the obliged party and guaranteed by the state. They have proved that the essence of the strike is the ability of each employee to protect both their own and collective social and economic rights and interests. The right to strike is a social regulator of conflict situations when other possibilities for their solution are exhausted. The authors have determined that this right is considered to be mixed – is being realized both individually and collectively.

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Nechaeva, A. A. "Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Collective Memory Analysis in Memory Studies". Discourse 6, n.º 3 (20 de julio de 2020): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-3-46-63.

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Introduction. Collective memory research helps to uncover the deeply imbedded meaning of the past in the present, to follow the identity development process in various communities, to find narrative structures that define societal foundations. Simultaneously, such research can be complicated from the empirical point of view. The scientific novelty of the given article lies in the fact that theoretical and methodological approaches to collective memory research have not yet been summarized and systematized up to this date. The goal of this research is to provide such a review and determine the most valid research methods in Memory Studies. The relevance of the presented research is determined by the fact that the proposition of a methodological apparatus for Memory Studies is necessary for the finalization of its formation as an independent discipline.Methodology and sources. Collective memory theory served as the theoretical-methodological foundation of the conducted research, it allowed to view the past not as a set given but as an object undergoing interpretation and representation. Such academics as M. Halbwachs, M. Bloch, A. Warburg, Jan and Aleida Assmann, J. Olick, A. Erll and others developed the following theory. A range of scientists dedicated their work to the discovery of collective memory research methods, among them M. Bulanova, W. Kansteiner, A. Erll, B. Zelizer, A. Confino, T. Kapitonova, V. Belokrylova, etc. J. Olick made a considerable impact into the understanding of the given issue, having suggested to view memory as a process developing in time, which required to define the methods of analysis that would be able to take this characteristic into account. However, a complete list as well as a general system and classification of methods have not been developed in the academic literature up to the present day. Having appeared at an intersection of various humanities and social sciences, Memory Studies adopts empirical research methods from Sociology, Political science, Culture Studies, Psychology, Media Studies, Visual Studies, etc. In course of the presented research, the relevant empirical research works in the Memory Studies field by international and Russian authors have been analyzed, we considered the research carried out by Ch. Lindt, A. Vasil'ev, T. Emel'yanova, A. Timofeeva, V. Kasamara, E. Hakokongas, E. Keightley, M. Meyers, B. Zelizer, and others. That allowed us to determine the most frequently applied collective memory research methods, to compile their overview and develop the author classification of the used methods.Results and discussion. An overview of key theoretical approaches to collective memory research was provided. They include functional, phenomenological, post-structural, social-historical and information approaches. J. Olick enriched the list of five theoretical approaches suggested by M. Bulanova by introducing the process-relativist approach to studying collective memory. The main research methods applied in Memory Studies were outlined; moreover, a classification of key disciplinary traditions that academics turn to in memory research was introduced featuring sociological, psychological, information, cultural and historical traditions as well as a separate branch of Computer Sciences.Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, a systematic overview and an author's classification of theoretical-methodological approaches to collective memory analysis were introduced. The findings of the given research can be implemented by a range of academics working on the issues of group identity building, ways of working with contested past, historical events representation in the present, the functioning of memory communities, etc. The defining of the methodological apparatus of Memory studies serves as a moving force for the effective development, generalization and bringing to a common understanding the further research of collective memory structures formation and distribution as well as concepts related to it.

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Popat, R., D. M. Cornforth, L. McNally y S. P. Brown. "Collective sensing and collective responses in quorum-sensing bacteria". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, n.º 103 (febrero de 2015): 20140882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0882.

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Bacteria often face fluctuating environments, and in response many species have evolved complex decision-making mechanisms to match their behaviour to the prevailing conditions. Some environmental cues provide direct and reliable information (such as nutrient concentrations) and can be responded to individually. Other environmental parameters are harder to infer and require a collective mechanism of sensing. In addition, some environmental challenges are best faced by a group of cells rather than an individual. In this review, we discuss how bacteria sense and overcome environmental challenges as a group using collective mechanisms of sensing, known as ‘quorum sensing’ (QS). QS is characterized by the release and detection of small molecules, potentially allowing individuals to infer environmental parameters such as density and mass transfer. While a great deal of the molecular mechanisms of QS have been described, there is still controversy over its functional role. We discuss what QS senses and how, what it controls and why, and how social dilemmas shape its evolution. Finally, there is a growing focus on the use of QS inhibitors as antibacterial chemotherapy. We discuss the claim that such a strategy could overcome the evolution of resistance. By linking existing theoretical approaches to data, we hope this review will spur greater collaboration between experimental and theoretical researchers.

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45

Ibrahim, Rusul, Muhanad Alkilabi, Ali Retha Hasoon Khayeat y Elio Tuci. "Review of Collective Decision Making in Swarm Robotics". Journal of Al-Qadisiyah for Computer Science and Mathematics 16, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2024): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29304/jqcsm.2024.16.11436.

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Swarm robotics is a distinctive type of multi-robotic system that relies on local communication among the swarm members to generate a desired global behaviour. This implies a lack of global information, requiring robots to sense and communicate using sensors and actuators located on their bodies. Consequently, the robots within the swarm must leverage collective intelligence to solve the problem at hand, as no individual robot can accomplish the task independently. This article provides an overview of swarm robotics in general, highlighting its characteristics that distinguish it from other multi-robotic systems and simultaneously serve as motivation to adopt a swarm robotics approach. A closer examination of collective decision making within swarm robotics and its design problem also provided, classifying design methods into manual design and automatic approaches. The most commonly used automatic approaches to design collective decision making in swarm robotics are explained, along with a mention of the benefits and drawbacks of such approaches. However, this review does not cover aspects such as the swarm collective behaviours – except collective decision making – and the swarm robotics tasks.

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46

Denisyuk, M. "APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING LABOR AS A SUBJECT OF LABOR RELATIONS". Social Law, n.º 2 (21 de abril de 2019): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37440/soclaw.2019.02.23.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of the labor collective in the laws of our stateand the doctrine of law, the role of this subject in the process of enterprise management is defined, theproblems of the definition of the labor collective as a separate subject of labor relations are singled out.Mentioned on the ways to solve the problems. It is noted that the participation of employees in the management of the enterprise creates a legal way of realizing the socio-economic interests of members ofthe labor collective.

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47

Yeltekin, Dafne, Zainab Koli y Lizander Oros. "Abolishing the War on Climate: Pathways for Collective Ecological Security". Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 21, n.º 5-6 (16 de marzo de 2023): 490–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341644.

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Abstract The climate crisis has been increasingly approached by powerful global actors as both a national and international security threat, rather than a matter of ecological security. This article categorizes false solutions behind the climate security approach and presents three intersecting ways forward for climate justice. By highlighting the work of social movements, this article aims to center truly alternative systemic approaches rooted in decolonization, abolition, and ecological security seeking to demilitarize and abolish a War on Climate, while building alternative relationships that foster collective well-being for humans and non-humans.

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48

Milanovic, Biljana. "Music and collective identities". Muzikologija, n.º 7 (2007): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz0707119m.

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This paper presents some introductory observations on the ways in which the opposition between the modern and post-modern understanding of social identities can be overcome in the context of musicology. It is based on the consideration of identities as dynamic and changeable categories, as well as on the importance of the relation between individual and collective positionings, on the complexities of the multiple identifications and on the understanding of music as a social construction of identity. Due attention is paid to basic theoretical and methodological aspects in the interdisciplinary analysis of ?self? and ?other?. In music, the problems of self-presentation appropriation, difference, power, control, authenticity, hybridity, as well as other issues that blur the boundaries between musicology, ethnomusicology and the studies of popular music, are made relevant by these interdisciplinary terms. Both the modern and post-modern understanding of identity can first be placed in the context of the binary questions: ?How to construct the identity and maintain it?? and ?How to avoid the construction of the fixed identity and thus leave the door open for the possibility of change??. It seems that the deconstruction of these opposite approaches has now grown in importance. This paper focuses especially on that kind of theorizing about music and socio-cultural identities. The views of Georgina Born and David Hesmondhalgh, that older and recent models of music representation are not ?either/or? categories but rather complement each other, are especially singled out. These authors show by numerous examples that music can invariably both reflect existing identities and construct new ones. They conclude that possible shortcomings, such as the danger of essentialism in the earlier approach, and of later reductionism, could be avoided by carefully using the homology and process models of music representation. Their typology of music articulation of a socio-cultural identity, however, leaves the opposition between ?real? and ?imagined? intact. The theoretic analysis of other disciplines leads us to conclusion that these categories were the result of different images, whose opposite poles existed in the contrary approaches of ?realism? and ?radical constructivism?. In this context, the analysis of Milan Subotic in the field of social theory is singled out as a ?middle-way? position between these opposite sides. This approach in musicology could be most helpful in keeping an equal distance from both ?imagination? and ?reality?. Where society is concerned, reality is, after all, imagined. However, this invention is certainly not an arbitrary one, but rather an effort to label social processes as a social reality, from the perspective of the ?longue dur?e?. Therefore, it is especially important to maintain an historical approach in the study of music, something that is often lacking in post-modern narratives. Since the relation between collective identities and music is a complex and diverse subject, theoretical and methodological approaches must be further developed in the context of separate and specific topics of research. Finally, musicology itself is a construct of musical representation in the performative processes and praxis of music. In that respect, the reconciliation between the antagonisms highlighted in this paper could be achieved in the concurrence of historical narrative and contemporary critique.

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49

Mwani, Livanze. "Collective Bargaining Agreements and Equity". Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) 6, n.º 1 (10 de septiembre de 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v6i1.49.

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The approval of two implementation approaches by unions in their bid to implement a joint Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA)ofteachers in Kenya, for 2017-2021, was meant to boost equity in promotions. Whereas the scheme of service approachwasforKenyaNational Union of Teachers, the Career Progression Guideline approach was for the Kenya Union of Post Primary EducationTeachers,both of which are domiciled in secondary schools. Since an emphasis was put on academic qualification, the annual declineinaccesstopromotions from 12.9% in 2016 to 5.2% in 2020 with a job stagnation of 15.7 years per grade casts doubts on its effectiveness.Inaddressing this concern, this article is theoretically guided by Walton and McKersie’s behavioral theory for labour negotiations.Itutilizes a sample of 1,569 respondents who were drawn from a study population of 5,923. Systematic randomsamplingsawtheselection of teachers in each union. It was based on the chronological order of their TSC numbers. Content validity andinternalconsistency reliability were enhanced with a co-efficient of 0.877. In data analysis, pairwise correlation establishedthatunionmembership, academic qualifications and grade promotions had plausible interactions. Logistic regression analysis establishedastatistically significant difference in equity between the two unions, based on academic qualifications, with Career ProgressionGuideline reducing the odds of promotion to the next grade by up to 22.58% in KUPPET. The research article ascertainedamarginallyequitable promotion distribution in KUPPET than KNUT, with gini coefficient of 0.0567 and 0.0698 respectively. Consequently,itrecommends a harmonization of the two approaches so as to convert it into one single entity.

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50

Boyce, Mary E. "Collective Centring and Collective Sense-making in the Stories and Storytelling of One Organization". Organization Studies 16, n.º 1 (enero de 1995): 107–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084069501600106.

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A vivid illustration of shared storytelling, collective centring, and collective sense-making appears in this study of one non-profit organization. Organiza tional members identify two stories that express the collective sense and allow centring on the shared meaning. Sense-making in a structurally closed organ ization is demonstrated. Organizational dynamics and root metaphors are examined and several approaches to the analysis of organizational myth and story are utilized. Dissonance between organizational members and the presid ent is apparent even though the organization is rooted in a unitary reality.

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