Tesis sobre el tema "Cognitive inconsistency"
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Norton, Carol Ann. "Psychological consistency, inconsistency and cognitive dissonance in the relationship between eating meat and evaluating animals". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2555/.
Texto completoLavergne, Karine. "The Hierarchical Action-Based Model of Inconsistency Compensation in the Environmental Domain: Exploring the Role of Individual Differences in Distal Motivation". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32425.
Texto completoTouzé, Chloé. "Pouvoir social et inconsistance cognitive : le pouvoir social rend-t-il plus tolérant aux effets de l'inconsistance cognitive ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA100033.
Texto completoAlthough individuals generally evolve in a fluid environment, where everything goes according to their expectations, they can sometimes be confronted with unexpected situations that don't conform to their knowledge or beliefs. For example, a train announced as cancelled arrives at the station, or a friend doesn't act in line with his past attitudes or behaviors (expressing strong ecological values while not sorting his garbage). For a human being who is motivated by a need for consistency (Abelson et al., 1968; Cialdini et al., 1995), being exposed to such situations is an uncomfortable experience. Cognitive inconsistency generates affects - essentially negative ones - and a motivation to return to a state of consistency, the latter leading to the implementation of strategies aimed at making the individual's expectations and the situation he or she is experiencing consistent (Gawronski & Brannon, 2019). However, there is some evidence to suggest that inconsistency is easily acceptable to some individuals. Several scandals and political affairs suggest that powerful individuals may act contradictorily or be confronted with their own inconsistencies without expressing the discomfort such a situation would provoke in less hierarchically endowed individuals. Does power protect against the effects of exposure to inconsistency? This is the question this thesis aims to answer. Power and its effects have been widely studied in social psychology, as well as the effects of cognitive inconsistency on individuals. But to our knowledge, few studies have attempted to observe the effects of power on the management of cognitive inconsistency. The aim of this research program is to test the hypothesis that social power limits the effects of cognitive inconsistency. Holding power would then act as a shield to protect individuals from unpleasant effects, notably the negative affects engendered by exposure to inconsistency. Seven studies designed to test the effects of power on different types of situations generating cognitive inconsistency (inconsistency caused by automatic processes, targeting the knowledge system, and involving the individual's self) are presented. The results obtained are not stable and therefore do not allow us to formally validate our general hypothesis. However, in two studies, a moderating effect of power on the level of negative affect caused by exposure to inconsistency was found. The same is observed for the compensatory strategies implemented by individuals following exposure to inconsistency. The contributions and limitations of this work are discussed in terms of the processual and emotional aspects that may be involved in understanding it
Mannberg, Andréa. "Risk and Rationality : Effects of contextual risk and cognitive dissonance on (sexual) incentives". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-34116.
Texto completoMauny, Nicolas. "La technique du porte-au-nez : vers une interprétation en termes d'éveil d'une dissonance". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC015.
Texto completoResearch conducted in the field of social influence and leading individuals to change are classic in social psychology. Behavior change can be achieved through different techniques, such as the door-in-the-face. Its operating procedure is simple: get a refusal on a first request too costly to be accepted in order to facilitate the acceptance of a second request less costly, the one targeted from the beginning. Different interpretations were tested based on contextual variables to argue their approaches, but none of them is unanimously approved to date. The objective of this thesis is to study the influence of interpersonal variables, such as attitude, self-importance and normative beliefs, in the door-in-the-face paradigm and to propose a new modelling of the door-in-the-face effect based on inconsistency. We hypothesize that the effectiveness of the door-in-the-face technique is based on the difficulty people have in tolerating the inconsistency between their refusal behavior and their measured positions through attitude, Self-importance and normative beliefs about the object. In this logic, the acceptance of the second request would take place to reduce this inconsistency by adopting a behavior consistent with their positions. Six experiments were conducted to achieve this objective. The first two have tested the role of the initial position and show that only the Self-importance can influence the door-in-the-face effect. The following two have highlighted the role of the difference between the position of individuals and the refusal behavior on the intention. The fifth experiment shows that the participants feel guilty when the extreme request is refused, especially when their position is favorable to the cause of the requests. The results of the last one confirm an interpretation in terms of inconsistency compared to a classical interpretation
Schaub, Léon-Paul. "Dimensions mémorielles de l'interaction écrite humain-machine ˸ une approche cognitive par les modèles mnémoniques pour la détection et la correction des incohérences du système dans les dialogues orientés-tâche". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG023.
Texto completoIn this work, we are interested in the place of task-oriented dialogue systems in both automatic language processing and human-machine interaction. In particular, we focus on the difference in information processing and memory use, from one turn to the next, by humans and machines, during a written chat conversation. After having studied the mechanisms of memory retention and recall in humans during a dialogue, in particular during the accomplishment of a task, we hypothesize that one of the elements that may explain why the performance of machines remains below that of humans, is the ability to possess not only an image of the user, but also an image of oneself, explicitly summoned during the inferences linked to the continuation of the dialogue. This translates into the following three axes for the system. First, by the anticipation, at a given turn of speech, of the next turn of the user. Secondly, by the detection of an inconsistency in one's own utterance, facilitated, as we demonstrate, by the anticipation of the user's next turn as an additional cue. Finally, by predicting the number of remaining turns in the dialogue in order to have a better vision of the dialogue progression, taking into account the potential presence of an incoherence in one's own utterance, this is what we call the dual model of the system, which represents both the user and the image that the system sends to the user. To implement these features, we exploit end-to-end memory networks, a recurrent neural network model that has the specificity not only to handle long dialogue histories (such as an RNN or an LSTM) but also to create reflection jumps, allowing to filter the information contained in both the user's utterance and the dialogue history. In addition, these three reflection jumps serve as a "natural" attention mechanism for the memory network, similar to a transformer decoder. For our study, we enhance a type of memory network called WMM2Seq (sequence-based working memory network) by adding our three features. This model is inspired by cognitive models of memory, presenting the concepts of episodic memory, semantic memory and working memory. It performs well on dialogue response generation tasks on the DSTC2 (human-machine in the restaurant domain) and MultiWOZ (multi-domain created with Wizard of Oz) corpora; these are the corpora we use for our experiments. The three axes mentioned above bring two main contributions to the existing. Firstly, it adds complexity to the intelligence of the dialogue system by providing it with a safeguard (detected inconsistencies). Second, it optimizes both the processing of information in the dialogue (more accurate or richer answers) and the duration of the dialogue. We evaluate the performance of our system with firstly the F1 score for the entities detected in each speech turn, secondly the BLEU score for the fluency of the system utterance and thirdly the joint accuracy for the success of the dialogue. The results obtained show that it would be interesting to direct research towards more cognitive models of memory management in order to reduce the performance gap in a human-machine dialogue
Lee, Mark D. "The effects of inconsistency on the maintenance of skill level in a semantic category search task". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28732.
Texto completoBerkovsky, Kathryn Lea. "The effects of inconsistent information : age differences in im pression formation". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28571.
Texto completoAhn, Sun Young y Sun Young Ahn. "Change to Sustainable Choice: The Role of Preference-Inconsistent Information". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621748.
Texto completoHall, Leslie. "Facebook and Stereotypes: How Facebook Users Process Stereotype-Consistent and Stereotype-Inconsistent Information with Varying Cognitive Loads". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/668.
Texto completoLebahar, Julie. "Etude de la variabilité intraindividuelle du contrôle cognitif chez la personne âgée : formes et apport prédictif". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20045/document.
Texto completoAging research shows an age-related increase in intraindividual variability in cognitive functioning (dispersion and inconsistency). Intraindividual variability would play a central role in understanding cognitive changes in older adults. The purpose of the present research was to examine the contribution of the intraindividual variability study, in order to explain differences in cognitive efficiency between older adults. The relationship between two forms of intraindividual variability, dispersion (variability in scores across several cognitive tests) and inconsistency (variability in response time (RT) across trials in a cognitive control task), and the cognitive efficiency, was estimated in a sample of adults aged from 61 years and older. The control task AX-cpt used in this study allows the evaluation of distinct cognitive control process (proactive and reactive control). The increase in dispersion was associated with a decrease in processing speed, episodic memory ability and the more general cognitive state. The increase in inconsistency seems related to a difficulty of a cognitive system whose capacities of context information maintenance, and resistance to interference, are less preserved. However, the inconsistency could also reveal a positive evolution of cognition. Intraindividual fluctuations in behavior appear to be the characteristics of normal functioning. The irregularity of temporal instability of successive trials response times, seems to be a valid cue of the decrease in cognitive efficiency. The study of intraindividual variability in performance seems to be a fruitful approach to explain the variability between individuals observed in the elderly, and to predict possible cognitive changes
Sahu, Aparna A. "The Roles of Individual Differences and Working Memory in Episodic Memory". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365166387.
Texto completoVanderhill, Susan Diane. "Physical functioning inconsistency as a marker for mild cognitive impairment". 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/536.
Texto completoBrewster, Paul W. H. "Development and Validation of Norm-Referenced Measures of Reaction Time Inconsistency". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6041.
Texto completoGraduate
Burton, Catherine Louisa. "Cognitive ability and inconsistency in reaction time as predictors of everyday problem solving in older adults". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/181.
Texto completoHuang, Chun-Ping y 黃俊斌. "The Effects of Cognitive Inconsistence, Practice and Anticipation on Visual - Auditory Perceptual Fusion". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/shwhws.
Texto completo中原大學
心理學研究所
91
Abstract When auditory and visual events occur closely in time domain but at somewhat disparate spatial locations, the source localization of one modality interacts with that of the other modality in characteristic ways. That is, the spatial localization of one modality will be biased toward the other modality. We use the collective term “Ventriloquism” to call all these similar auditory-visual spatial interactions. The influences of cognitive factors and physical structure factors on ventriloquism are a controversial issue. In this study, we tested these cognitive factors such as Cognitive Inconsistence, Practice and Anticipation to see how they influence the ventriloquism phenomena. We used fairly realistic materials to present visual and auditory stimulations. Subjects were asked to repeat Chinese double-character terms, and we counted the ratio of correct to avoid the defects in conventional position-judgment methods. There are three experiments in our study. In experiment 1, we used visual stimulus positions(left / right)and the visual-auditory cognitive consistence(consistence / inconsistence)as independent variables in a 2 × 2 mixed design;in experiment 2, we used the visual stimulus positions(left / right)and practices(practice / non-practice)as independent variables in a 2 × 2 mixed design;in experiment 3, we used the visual stimulus positions(left / right)and anticipation(anticipation / non- anticipation)as independent variables in a 2 × 2 mixed design. The dependent variables are response correct-ratios to test the cognitive factors such as Cognitive Inconsistence, Practice and Anticipation how to influence ventriloquism. There were 60 subjects participated in each experiment, and totally there were 180 subjects participating this study. The findings of the present study suggested that: the magnitudes of visual-auditory perceptual fusion were influenced by cognitive inconsistence and anticipation, but were not influenced by practice. The results showed the influences of cognitive factors on ventriloquism and a new experiment paradigm was suggested.
Chace, Kathryn Harriet. "Distance effects on the resolution of inconsistent anaphors in discourse processing". 2006. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2440.
Texto completoYANG, WAN-CHI y 楊菀琪. "Can Corporate Social Responsibility Resolve Corporation Crisis?─The Application of Inconsistent Cognition from Stakeholders Perspective". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tuuct6.
Texto completo世新大學
公共關係暨廣告學研究所(含碩專班)
106
In recent years, society attention on corporate socially responsibility has gradually increased. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues today have become more common, and more corporations focus on it. Companies showcase CSR efforts to establish positive stakeholders relationship and image, and they hope that CSR’s halo affects stakeholders behavior in order to protect the company from crisis. However, is it really to evoke positive reactions among stakeholders? This paper explores the role of stakeholders’ perception of CSR and the impact of their perception during times of crisis. This research tests this by studying two company crises-Weichuan and ASE Group. The secondary data analysis and the in-depth interview are used to examine the impact on consumers and residents. The results indicate that most of participants understand CSR through philanthropy. They don’t really understand the individual CSR projects . Consumers and residents attribute more firm-serving than public-serving CSR motives to companies in a crisis situation, and they try to infer CSR motives in non-crisis situation. In addition, the author compares two industry’s interviews, food manufacturer and an independent semiconductor manufacturer, and the consistency of logical has found. The research findings describe how weak industrial laws and ineffectual Taiwanese resident protests influence the effectiveness of CSR. The findings point to three contributions. First, the author compares two different industries in the Taiwan context. Next, this study extends traditional Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). Third, companies must rethink their CSR strategy.
Yang, MingZong y 楊明宗. "The influence of need for cognition and consistent vs. inconsistent language on the performance of arithmetic word problems". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42914388838835778639.
Texto completo國立暨南國際大學
資訊管理學系
99
The difference between consistent and inconsistent language came from interpretative error for stating the problem in different ways, while the difference between high and low need for cognition was resulted from taking different attitude and approach on dealing with information. Hence, both elements influence solving-problem capability. The stimuli of this research were arithmetic word problems with comparative types, and the verification was also made through repetitive quantitative statistical approach. It discovered that arithmetic word problems with consistent and inconsistent language significantly influenced time for solving, arithmetic error and reversal error, which were easily occurred in solving problems with inconsistent language. As for the cognition language, it only shows significant effects on arithmetic error. At last, this research recommended that taking instructions as a mean to elevate correctness in identification on arithmetic word problem was helpful for people solving arithmetic problems, and also the familiarity in integrating information in the problems or deriving the relational equations should be enhanced through practice.