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1
Gueben-Veniere, Servane. "Vers une gestion renouvelée du littoral nord-ouest européen : des ingénieurs néerlandais, anglais et français de plus en plus "verts" ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010619/document.
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Qu’ils soient néerlandais, anglais ou français, les ingénieurs du génie civil ont toujours fait autorité en matière d’aménagement du littoral. A travers la recherche constante d’innovations techniques, ils ont contribué à modeler le littoral – voire à le créer de toute pièce aux Pays-Bas – et imposé une vision techniciste de ce territoire entre terre et mer. Le tournant écologique et social qui a caractérisé les années 1970 a remis en question cette vision imposée par les ingénieurs, créant un véritable bouleversement pour la profession. Cette étude comparée tente d’expliquer comment les ingénieurs se représentent aujourd’hui le littoral qu’ils aménagent, et comment, en concertation avec d’autres scientifiques, ils élaborent désormais des solutions innovantes en adéquation avec une gestion intégrée du littoral. Il ressort que l’opposition entre vision linéaire et statique du littoral, longtemps imputée aux ingénieurs, et celle, plus large et systémique, généralement attribuée aux autres scientifiques, s’estompe. Des différences culturelles entre les trois pays semblent plus pertinentes pour expliquer les avancées observées. Par ailleurs, les ingénieurs semblent être en train de dépasser et de s’approprier le mouvement « vert » des dernières décennies pour saisir de nouvelles opportunités, tant professionnelles que territorialesWhether Dutch, English or French, civil engineers have long been a recognized authority on coastal management. Through their relentless search for technical innovations, engineers have been instrumental in both shaping the coast – in the case of the Netherlands creating it almost entirely – and imposing on it a technical vision. The social and ecological movement which characterized the 1970’s brought this engineering vision into question. This change in outlook would create real turmoil for the profession. This comparative study attempts to explain how nowadays engineers envision the coast they manage and how, in collaboration with other scientists, they now derive innovative solutions in line with an integrated coastal management. It appears that the classical opposition, between a vision long imputed to engineers of a static and linear coast and one attributed to other scientists who view the coast as something larger and more systemic, has become blurred. Cultural differences between the three countries are more relevant to explain the differences observed. Into the bargain engineers seem to have overtaken the “green” movement of the last decades to seize new opportunities, professional ones as well as territorial
Of ze nu Nederlands, Engels of Frans zijn, de waterbouwers zijn autoriteit als het aankomt op het beheren van de kust. Met hun niet aflatende zoektocht naar innovatieve technieken hebben ze een bijdrage geleverd aan het vormen van de kustlijn – of om het even welke deel van Nederland dan ook – en hebben ze de kustlijn gevormd op een technocratische wijze. De ecologische en sociale omwenteling, kenmerkend voor de jaren ’70, heeft vraagtekens gezet bij deze, door ingenieurs opgelegde, visie en veroorzaakte een serieuze omwenteling in het vakgebied. Deze studie probeert uit te leggen hoe de ingenieur vandaag de dag de kust behartigt en hij hoe tegenwoordig in overleg met andere wetenschappen nieuwe oplossingen ontwikkelt die in lijn zijn met een integraal kustbeheer. Het blijkt dat het onderscheid tussen de rechtlijnige en statische visie over de kust, lang toegeschreven aan ingenieurs, en de bredere en systematische aanpak, over het algemeen toegeschreven aan andere wetenschappers, vervaagt. Culturele verschillen tussen de drie landen lijken een belangrijkere reden te zijn voor de geconstateerde ontwikkelingen. Daarnaast lijken de ingenieurs zich de "groene" kennis in de afgelopen decennia eigen gemaakt te hebben om nieuwe kansen te grijpen, zowel voor hun vak als voor hun omgeving
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Sanders, Jeffrey R. "Sacral landscapes : narratives of the megalith in north western Europe". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2671.
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The construction of archaeological narrative is influenced by a number of factors. Some come from within disciplinary boundaries, whilst others are traced from the wider influences of social, cultural or academic contexts. This thesis examines three areas identified as Neolithic ‘landscapes’, all of which have been the subject of archaeological investigation since the 19th century. The history of research of these areas allows an evaluation of how these disparate influences interact. In this way, the three landscapes act as an arena in which to explore aspects of the archaeological approach itself. This leads to a critical examination of the interpretative tools available to the archaeologist. How concepts such as ‘landscape’ are formed and affect discourse is explored. Wider themes of demarcation, typology and the underlying assumptions of research are investigated in relation to the interpretation of the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of North Western Europe. The large span of time that these periods encompass allows exploration of change from the short to very long term, although this is not always utilised within archaeological accounts. The treatment of time is therefore considered in conjunction with explanations of change in prehistory. A powerful approach to time is suggested by combining aspects of the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Fernand Braudel and the potential for this is evaluated against the archaeological record of the three areas. How the assumptions of the archaeological approach are acted out within the historiography of each area highlights a number of recurring metaphors that are used to interpret the material record. These promote a portrayal of Neolithic life that combines with the range of influences from the history of archaeology itself to promote an idea of the prehistoric mentalité. A very durable and underlying type that constantly resurfaces in these accounts is the idea of the ‘sacral landscape’, which is the central topic of this thesis.
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Markus, Felicia. "Living on another shore : early Scandinavian settlement on the North-Western Estonian coast /". Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University [Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, Uppsala universitet], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4717.
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Watson, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Quantifying late glacial climate change in north western Europe using two insect proxies". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501615.
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Jörundsdóttir, Hrönn. "Temporal and spatial trends of organohalogens in guillemot (Uria aalge) from North Western Europe". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljökemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8419.
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The Arctic and sub-Arctic region of the North Atlantic is a remote area, also in relations to environmental contaminants, such as POPs, BFRs and last but not least, PFCs. Both the BFRs and PFCs are considered emerging pollutants of significant environmental concern. The main objective of this thesis is to increase the knowledge and understanding of organohalogen compound distribution in the Nordic environment, their occurrence in biota and change over time. The temporal change of environmental contaminants in the Baltic Sea was monitored over the years 1971 to 2001, with emphasis on BCPS. Further, the pollution profile of the Nordic region was investigated by using common guillemot eggs. Further, to investigate a single remote site, Iceland, in more depth, eggs from seven marine bird species were collected and analysed. Both the organohalogen compounds mentioned above and their metabolites were investigated. The study focused also on an inter-species difference in the bird’s capability of metabolising xenobiotics. All environmental pollutants investigated in the Baltic Sea show decreasing levels over the time period investigated. BCPS showed a remarkably small change over time compared to other compounds. These results reinforce the previous findings, indicating the North Atlantic as remote where the concentrations of the organohalogens are lower compared to Europe in general. There are some exceptions however; the concentration of HCB is ubiquitously distributed across the study area. Further, the spatial trends of the PFCs are complicated and differ within the PFC group. When comparing bird species from Iceland, the concentration of organohalogens mainly depends on trophic level, while migration seems to contribute to a lesser extent. There are some similarities in the metabolism between the bird species investigated. However, the guillemot seems to distinguish itself from other marine birds, with a different composition of metabolites, indicating a different metabolic capacity. In conclusion, even human populations living in remote areas need to minimise the release of pollutants to the environment. Long term, well organised, and extensive governmental monitoring programs are highly recommended to follow the quality the environment and to detect any immediate and/or new threats of chemical pollutants.
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Williams, Michael A. "Shamanic interpretations : reconstructing a cosmology for the later prehistoric period of north-western Europe". Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391352.
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Morgans, Helen Sarah. "Early to middle Jurassic stratigraphic development, vegetation and climate change in north-western Europe". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4b5cae3c-7562-45b9-b2a2-543b2649b24f.
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The aim of work presented in this thesis was to explore the inter-relationships of cyclic sedimentation, relative sea-level change, and palaeoclimate as inferred from plant megafossils. To this end, the investigation focused on the classic plant-bearing Middle Jurassic succession of Yorkshire. The Middle Jurassic (Aalenian-Bathonian) Ravenscar Group of the Cleveland Basin (Yorkshire) comprises a predominantly fluvio-deltaic succession intercalated between thinner, laterally persistent marine units. There is a pronounced lateral facies change across the basin, from mainly alluvial sediments in the north to more marine deposits in the south. Although variable in character, the facies composing the sequence are described by four principal environments of deposition: alluvial, estuarine, lagoonal and marine. In an attempt to achieve a more accurate stratigraphic control on the succession, sequence-stratigraphic concepts are applied to outcrop exposures and subsurface cores. The identification of 'key surfaces' in the sequence resolves a series of lithological cycles which reflect relative sea-level fluctuations. Using this approach the Aalenian-Bathonian sequence can be subdivided into two large-scale (second-order) transgressive-regressive cycles onto which six medium-scale (thirdorder) cycles of transgression and regression are superimposed. The potential for correlating these lithological cycles regionally has been assessed by comparing coeval sections from southern Scandinavia. Plant-bearing fluvio-deltaic sequences from Bornholm and Scania were chosen as a means for appraising the lateral continuity of the cycles, and assessing what factors might have controlled their development. Study of floral remains from the Ravenscar Group within the context of this stratigraphic framework yields valuable palaeoclimatic information. Growth-ring analysis of fossil wood of Late Pliensbachian to Late Bathonian age indicates a distinctly seasonal climate with low to moderate interseasonal variation in tree growth. Significant intraseasonal influences on wood production are implicit in the abundance of false rings. Consideration of these results within a stratigraphic context suggests that conditions during the Bathonian were comparatively hostile: a finding which is interpreted to be due to more frequent and extended water shortages associated with a drier climate. These palaeoclimatic inferences are substantiated by evidence obtained from the examination of the flora using Correspondence Analysis (CA). This approach verifies the presence of a temporal fluctuation in the flora found by previous investigations and, furthermore, highlights physiognomic trends in the flora with time. The results from CA also indicate adverse growing conditions during the Bathonian, emphasized by the prevalence of xeromorphic taxa.
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Vasko, Michael A. (Michael Anthony). "The 'national' presses and the campaign in North-West Europe /". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59240.
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Rosenqvist, Lars. "Afforestation of former arable land in north-western Europe : nitrate leaching, carbon sequestration and water recharge /". Uppsala : Dept. of Forest Soils, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200702.pdf.
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Hedge, Sue. "Nine worthies and nine worthy women : image, text and performance in north-western Europe 1311-1650". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658713.
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The topos of the Nine Worthies and Nine Worthy Women was widely used in a variety of media across western Europe throughout the late medieval and early modern period_ While many scholars have commented on the Worthies, few have questioned their meaning. The common assumption is that these figures simply represented chivalric virtue and that this meaning remained relatively unchanged through their long history_ This thesis challenges that assumption by examining the contexts in which this imagery was used. Through a series of case studies ranging across geographic areas, media and periods, it demonstrates that the Worthies' meaning was complex, shifting and flexible - and that it was precisely this flexibility that made them so useful. Previous studies have tended to assume literary origins and paths of transmission of the topos. This thesis argues that this imagery was performative. It examines how the Worthies were used to negotiate between different layers of authority, and how they crossed social, temporal and spatial boundaries. The 'canon' of Worthy Women was more variable and less frequently used than the male version. The thesis compares the differing origins, use and reception of male and female Worthies and examines possible reasons for this disparity.
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Griffiths, Huw I. "The application of freshwater ostracods to the study of Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments in north-western Europe". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326001.
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Hesein, Mohamed A. H. "Bridging the Eastern and Western Mediterranean : the Roman harbour sites on the coast of Cyrenaica, North-Eastern Libya". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33017.
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This thesis examines the results of an archaeological survey along a 50 km coastal strip of al-Jabal al-Akhdar (Green Mountain) in Cyrenaica (north-eastern Libya). The survey aimed to assess Cyrenaican ports during the Roman period, and secondary and minor harbours in particular. The conclusions demonstrate that a significant amount of productive and trading activity took place in this area in antiquity. This challenges previous assumptions that only major ports such as Apollonia, Ptolemais and Berenice were involved in trade. This study demonstrates the potential of secondary and small harbours to inform research about the economic role, mechanisms and hierarchy of harbours, in contrast to the prevalent trend among scholars to focus on the study of mega and major-ports. The new evidence has greatly increased our knowledge about productive activity along the coast of Cyrenaica, for example via the identification of 12 new amphora kilns. Initial estimates of the capacity of the vats recorded suggest that these harbours were involved in large-scale manufacturing. A further important strand of research involved an in-depth study of the physical features of the harbours and the construction techniques used in the buildings. An initial typology of these harbours was created to distinguish their roles and hierarchy, and provide a broader framework for their chronology. This analysis suggested that the secondary and minor harbours and other major ports were all well organised and interconnected. Each harbour seems to have played a particular role within the complex trade networks operating out of Cyrenaica. Finally, an investigation of the products imported to Cyrenaican harbours over time uses the ceramic evidence recorded during field survey or published sherds. This allows the discussion of some of the principal components of the import-export trade. A detailed gazetteer of the sites studied is presented in the appendices.
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Ingram, Colin Barry. "Parks, people and planning: local perceptions of park management on the Ningaloo Coast, North West Cape, Western Australia". Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1073.
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Attaining the ‘appropriate’ balance between human use of national parks and their protection is a topic of considerable public, scientific and business interest and is thus an important focus for research. An increasingly affluent and mobile western society has made tourism the world’s largest industry; an industry with a significant reliance on the attractions of protected areas such as national parks and their wildlife. Regional communities have benefited from protected areas through local tourism expenditure and government recognition of the economic and social values realized from protected areas. High levels of visitation, and the management of this human use require effective management. But tensions arise when park managers invoke policies and management prescriptions to mitigate the adverse affects of human use. These actions and the way they are implemented can have an alienating impact on local communities, particularly those with a direct business dependency on park tourism. This thesis explores the notion that truly sustainable management of national parks can only be achieved if park managers and communities living adjacent to parks work together in a partnership to meet each other’s needs and through this process, foster the long-term environmental, social and economic benefits that can be derived from these parks. This thesis documents how a local community perceives its park managers and thereby the impact that park management has on local communities. It then seeks to identify the opportunities for park managers and communities to improve the way they view each other and the skills, attitudes and approaches necessary to create the environment for a sustainable relationship and can deliver sustainable outcomes for both parties.Three methods were employed to progress this research; an extensive review of literature and theory on relevant aspects of the people and parks relationship; the use of a case study of communities adjacent to parks on the Ningaloo Coast; and, qualitative and quantitative surveys to inform those case studies. A resident perception survey of the Exmouth and Coral Bay communities was conducted in August 2005. At the same time key stakeholder representatives were interviewed. Secondary quantitative data on the areas economy and demographics was also collected to triangulate aspects of the primary data. The Ningaloo coast community’s perception of park management has been adversely affected by a recent (2004) management planning process for Ningaloo Marine Park that culminated in significant constraints being placed on recreational fishing access. Both the planning process and the decision have been the focus of community anger. Currently the levels of trust and respect within the community for the park agency and its management performance are low. Despite evidence that the parks of the Ningaloo coast make important social and economic contributions to the local communities of this area, the local community holds negative perceptions of the social and economic impacts of park management, and are influenced strongly by the local community’s attitudes, perceptions and feelings towards the park agency. The park agency’s inability to consult, involve and communicate with the local community (to the satisfaction of the local community) contributes to these attitudes, feelings and perceptions.Key findings include; the prevailing norms and belief systems within the park agency reinforce the classic managerial paradigm; park management fails to accommodate broader social and economic measures, which diminishes trust and undermines attempts to foster community involvement and stewardship; ineffectual leadership, poor communication and outmoded approaches to planning and community engagement, local apathy to involvement in park planning and a lack of community education in regard to the promotion of park values, programs and activities compound this situation. The Ningaloo coast has the potential to provide an exceptionally bright future for its local communities, based largely on the inherent natural and cultural values of Ningaloo Marine Park, Cape Range National Park and other associated reserves. Whether the potential to develop community stewardship of the parks of the Ningaloo coast is fully met depends largely on the willingness of park management to relinquish some of its power, establish a suitable governance model in order to work collaboratively with the community and communicate effectively with it in order to achieve sustainable futures for both the park and the community.
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Ingram, Colin Barry. "Parks, people and planning: local perceptions of park management on the Ningaloo Coast, North West Cape, Western Australia". Curtin University of Technology, School of Media, Society and Culture, Dept. of Social Sciences, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18012.
Texto completoResumen
Attaining the ‘appropriate’ balance between human use of national parks and their protection is a topic of considerable public, scientific and business interest and is thus an important focus for research. An increasingly affluent and mobile western society has made tourism the world’s largest industry; an industry with a significant reliance on the attractions of protected areas such as national parks and their wildlife. Regional communities have benefited from protected areas through local tourism expenditure and government recognition of the economic and social values realized from protected areas. High levels of visitation, and the management of this human use require effective management. But tensions arise when park managers invoke policies and management prescriptions to mitigate the adverse affects of human use. These actions and the way they are implemented can have an alienating impact on local communities, particularly those with a direct business dependency on park tourism. This thesis explores the notion that truly sustainable management of national parks can only be achieved if park managers and communities living adjacent to parks work together in a partnership to meet each other’s needs and through this process, foster the long-term environmental, social and economic benefits that can be derived from these parks. This thesis documents how a local community perceives its park managers and thereby the impact that park management has on local communities. It then seeks to identify the opportunities for park managers and communities to improve the way they view each other and the skills, attitudes and approaches necessary to create the environment for a sustainable relationship and can deliver sustainable outcomes for both parties.Three methods were employed to progress this research; an extensive review of literature and theory on relevant aspects of the people and parks relationship; the use of a case study of communities adjacent to parks on the Ningaloo Coast; and, qualitative and quantitative surveys to inform those case studies. A resident perception survey of the Exmouth and Coral Bay communities was conducted in August 2005. At the same time key stakeholder representatives were interviewed. Secondary quantitative data on the areas economy and demographics was also collected to triangulate aspects of the primary data. The Ningaloo coast community’s perception of park management has been adversely affected by a recent (2004) management planning process for Ningaloo Marine Park that culminated in significant constraints being placed on recreational fishing access. Both the planning process and the decision have been the focus of community anger. Currently the levels of trust and respect within the community for the park agency and its management performance are low. Despite evidence that the parks of the Ningaloo coast make important social and economic contributions to the local communities of this area, the local community holds negative perceptions of the social and economic impacts of park management, and are influenced strongly by the local community’s attitudes, perceptions and feelings towards the park agency. The park agency’s inability to consult, involve and communicate with the local community (to the satisfaction of the local community) contributes to these attitudes, feelings and perceptions.
Key findings include; the prevailing norms and belief systems within the park agency reinforce the classic managerial paradigm; park management fails to accommodate broader social and economic measures, which diminishes trust and undermines attempts to foster community involvement and stewardship; ineffectual leadership, poor communication and outmoded approaches to planning and community engagement, local apathy to involvement in park planning and a lack of community education in regard to the promotion of park values, programs and activities compound this situation. The Ningaloo coast has the potential to provide an exceptionally bright future for its local communities, based largely on the inherent natural and cultural values of Ningaloo Marine Park, Cape Range National Park and other associated reserves. Whether the potential to develop community stewardship of the parks of the Ningaloo coast is fully met depends largely on the willingness of park management to relinquish some of its power, establish a suitable governance model in order to work collaboratively with the community and communicate effectively with it in order to achieve sustainable futures for both the park and the community.
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Lamm, Sarah Elaine. "Thirteenth-century exempla collections and the dissemination of ideas about Jews and Muslims in north-western Europe". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252171.
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Fernández, Reyes Pablo. "Metallurgical characterisation of 1st and 2nd century AD Roman copper-alloy military equipment from north-western Europe". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2003529/.
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Roman military equipment has traditionally been studied from a typological perspective based on a linear concept of change. Whilst Roman alloys have been analysed scientifically and general studies on them have been published, analysis of military equipment has been scarce and mostly secluded as part of excavation reports of individual sites. Scientific analysis though, can provide independent ways of studying military equipment. It can answer questions about production and distribution of the raw materials and finished objects and is capable of informing on reasons for technological choices (the intention of obtaining determinate colours, for example), and identification of military units. A total of 216 copper-alloy military objects from the British sites of South Cadbury Castle, Ham Hill, Usk, Carlisle, Chester and Kingsholm, and the German site of Kalkriese were selected for obtaining metallurgical characterisation: chemical analysis at major, minor and trace element level and microstructural analysis to obtain fabrication history and identifying any plating. The analytical techniques employed were atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), optical microscopy and multivariate statistics methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (DA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The aim of the project was to characterise the chemical and physical make-up of Roman military copper-alloy metalwork from the 1st century AD, with especial interest in the immediate post-conquest period. The results of the analysis show a difference between the Roman military equipment from British sites and the equipment from Kalkriese, based on trace element patterns. This difference can be explained by a large input of material into Britain that had been made in the years before AD43 in preparation for the conquest. Contrary to recent scholarship, and based on compositional and microstructural evidence, some lorica segmentata brass fittings seem to have been centrally produced. Primary brass and specific gunmetal compositions seem to be associated with the military and probably chosen primarily for their appearance and resemblance to gold, rather than for their mechanical properties. The possibility of mechanised production of brass is explored based on the brass ingot from Sheepen.
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Strickrodt, Silke. "Afro-European trade relations on the western slave coast, 16th to 19th centuries". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2616.
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This thesis deals with the Afro-European trade on the Western Slave Coast from about 1600 to the 1880s, mainly the slave trade but also the trade in ivory and agricultural produce. The Western Slave Coast comprises the coastal areas of modem Togo and parts of the coastal areas of Ghana and Benin. For much of the period under discussion, this region was dominated by two kingdoms, the kingdom of the Hula (or Pla), known to European traders as Great or Grand Popo, after its coastal port (in modern Benin), and the kingdom of the Ge (Gen/Guin/Genyi), known to European traders as Little Popo, after its main coastal port (in modern Togo). In the nineteenth century, two more ports of trade appeared in the region, Agoud (in modem Benin) and Porto Seguro (in modern Togo). In terms of the Afro-European trade, this was an intermediate area between regions of greater importance to slave traders, the Gold Coast to the west and the eastern Slave Coast (mainly the kingdom of Dahomey) to the east. This thesis gives a detailed reconstruction of the political and commercial developments in the region, especially for the period from the 1780s and the 1860s. The discussion is based mainly on archival material from British, French and African archives, but also makes use of a wide range of published accounts, mainly in English, French and German, and information from oral traditions. Beyond its immediate local interest, the thesis contributes to our understanding of the operation of the Afro-European trade and its impact on African middleman societies. The intermittent commercial success of 'the Popos' illustrates the dynamics of the trade especially clearly. The Western Slave Coast is placed into the wider transatlantic trade network and its role in the trade re-evaluated. The link between the local and overseas economy is illustrated by the centrality of the lagoon, which is discussed in detail. Other important issues that are addressed include the role of the canoemen in the trade, the transition from the slave trade to the palm oil trade and the Afro-Brazilian settlement at Agoue.
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Meliane, Rym E. "North American M-Commerce adoption Impact of the technological environment: A comparative analysis to Western Europe and Japan". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26981.
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This work focuses on the technological environment of M-Commerce, and highlights some technological reasons slowing the penetration of this technology in North America1. The purpose is to provide some closure and present a potential solution that would improve the North American M-Commerce adoption level.
The determined research hypotheses are: (1) Lack of adequate government regulations; (2) Lack of adequate spectrum; (3) Lack of adequate technologies; (4) Lack of adequate standardization process.
An analysis and a comparison of these variables in the respective poles---Western Europe, Japan, North America---using their respective technology---GSM, I-Mode, CDMA is conducted.
More specifically this in-depth comparative analysis helps determine if and how these variables impact the QoS2 and therefore the M-Commerce adoption outcome. The lack of adequate spectrum and the lack of adequate standardization process, in North America show to be the primary reasons for the slow adoption of M-Commerce. Hence, the conclusion of this work proposes an alternative solution. This proposal provides a new revised model of the North American M-Commerce value chain.
This model would eliminate the identified issues and increase the Quality of Service, as well as the customer's satisfaction, resulting in higher adoption level. Furthermore, this potential new strategy gives North America the opportunity to reposition itself.
1North America: We define North America by Canada and The United States. However throughout this work we often used cases and examples related to the United States. The reason being, that the United States is leading the wireless telecommunication in North America. 2QoS: Quality of Service
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Stiff, Matthew. "'Through a glass darkly' : seventh to ninth century vessel glass from 'wics' and 'emporia' in North Western Europe". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302702.
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Haslam, Christopher John. "Late Holocene peat stratigraphy and climatic change : a macrofossil investigation from the raised mires of North Western Europe". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236339.
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Gonzalez, Sanchez Sergio. "(De-)Constructing memories of Roman-'barbarian' interaction in North-Western Europe : 'myths' and academic discourse in Dutch archaeological interpretation". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37697.
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This thesis critically analyses the ways in which The Netherlands, both as a nation and as an academic community, has understood and represented its origins in the Roman era (50 BC - AD 250) since the advent of its statehood in the 16th century. This involves the contextual analysis of a rich but understudied set of Dutch archaeological discourses developed in the post-WWII era (1945-2014) regarding early episodes of Roman:‘barbarian’ interaction around the lower Rhine limes (roughly corresponding with modern-day The Netherlands). Key research questions comprise: What are the origin and nature of Dutch archaeological discourses on this topic? How does archaeological discourse influence and is influenced by the development and formulation of historical myths and national identities? In what way do multiple contextual factors inform the formulation of such discourse? This study focuses on the works of two major Dutch archaeologists — Willem Willems and Nico Roymans — who have shaped the discipline in the last four decades. It is supported by a series of interviews conducted with native scholars, which provide invaluable insights into the role of personal context in the development of academic discourses and the sociology of Dutch academia, and gives them their own voice. These developments are then compared with wider theoretical approaches and, more specifically, with British post-colonial discourses on the topic of Roman:‘barbarian’ interactions and Roman imperialism. My conclusions are that archaeological discourse in The Netherlands is not derivative of those imported from other major European academic traditions (notably Germany and the UK), or exclusively the result of inherited historical discourse; rather, the evolution of the Dutch academic community itself and the different discourses created within is deeply influenced by a web of interconnected contextual factors at different levels — personal, local, regional, national, international — and spheres, whether cultural, social, political, or intellectual. These multiple contextual factors informing both the choice of theoretical frameworks and the formulation of discourse explain the nuances in discourse between scholars and the unique evolution of Roman archaeology in The Netherlands.
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Reim, Sabine. "Emerging patterns of specialisation in the global networks of incumbent air carriers from Asia -Pacific, North America and Western Europe". Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430910.
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Drieshen, Clarck. "Visionary literature for devotional instruction : its function and transmission in late medieval observant female religious communities in North-Western Europe". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17169/.
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This thesis examines the function and transmission of late medieval visionary writings with devotional instructions between enclosed convents in England, the Low Countries and German-speaking areas. It argues that religious women, who could not normally assert authority as religious teachers and writers, used devotional instructions, to which they or others had attributed divine origins, to authoritatively teach their communities to develop more disciplined religious lives and to identify more intimately with Christ. The thesis examines these devotional instructions as carefully designed tools that enabled religious women to actively participate in promoting the ideals of the contemporary monastic reform movements of the Devotio Moderna and Observant reform. The thesis studies the devotional works of the late medieval religious women who wrote accounts about personal visions: Magdalena Beutler, a Poor Clare in Freiburg im Breisgau, an anonymous female Franciscan tertiary, Jacomijne Costers, a canoness regular in Antwerp, and Maria van Hout, a beguine in Oisterwijk. It examines, moreover, how women religious scribes disseminated and adapted these and other revelatory devotional instructions for different devotional contexts. By examining the transmission histories of these works, the thesis not only identifies several new important copies, which help explain how some works came to circulate across different linguistic regions, but also the textual networks in which these works circulated. An important finding of my thesis is that women religious scribes actively adapted divinely authorised devotional instructions for different devotional contexts. They actively customised these works for their own convents, but also used them for reaching out to extra-mural lay communities. These writings, then, enabled them not only to reform their own devotional cultures, but to effectively influence late medieval devotional culture as a whole.
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Gac, Jean-Philippe. "Etude multi-échelles des échanges air-mer de CO2 et de l'acidification océanique en Manche Occidentale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS223.
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L’impact anthropique lié à l’augmentation du CO2 atmosphérique a été observé à l’échelle globale océanique, avec comme conséquence l’acidification des océans (AO). Comme l’océan ouvert, les écosystèmes côtiers sont soumis à l’AO. Ces écosystèmes ne représentent que 7% de la surface océanique mais ils sont responsables d’un tiers de la production primaire océanique mondiale, jouant ainsi un rôle clé dans le cycle du carbone global. Les environnements côtiers sont très hétérogènes et influencés par des apports continentaux, ce qui complexifie l’étude du cycle du CO2. Cette thèse étudie à différente échelle spatiale et temporelle la variabilité du cycle du carbone dans les milieux méga tidaux côtiers du nord-ouest de l’Europe. Entre 2015 et 2019, nous avons installé un capteur autonome de pCO2 sur une bouée cardinale de la côte de Roscoff, au sud de la Manche. Les observations proximales et plus au large des paramètres du système CO2 ainsi que de l’ensemble des paramètres physico-chimiques, nous ont permis de décrire précisément l’écosystème et de quantifier la variabilité tidale, diurne et interannuelle. Dans un second temps, nous avons suivi la variabilité de ces paramètres à l’échelle décennale, en se basant sur les prélèvements réguliers réalisés entre 2008 et 2018 dans deux milieux côtiers très proches géographiquement (Brest et Roscoff), mais sous influence plus ou moins importante des rivières. Enfin, nous avons quantifié la dynamique de deux gaz climatiquement actifs dissous le long de deux gradients estuariens : le CO2 et le CH4. Ce dernier, bien que peu étudié, apparaît comme un composé central pour la compréhension du fonctionnement des écosystèmes côtiersThe anthropogenic impact of the raise of atmospheric CO2 has been observed on the global oceanic scale, resulting in the Ocean Acidification (OA). Largely present in the coastal ecosystems, a decrease of their population could have significant socio-economic consequences. Coastal ecosystems represent only 7% of the global ocean but host a third of the total primary production of the oceans, playing a key role in the global carbon cycle. They are highly diversified and influenced by continental inputs, which complexifies the study of the CO2 cycle. This PhD thesis investigated at different spatial and temporal scales the variability of the carbon cycle in megatidal environments of the North Western European Shelves. From 2015 to 2019, we installed an autonomous sensor of pCO2 (Sunburst SAMI-CO2) on a cardinal buoy located off Roscoff, in the south of the English Channel. Coupled with additional proximal and offshore observations of the carbon cycle and biogeochemical parameters, we were able to describe precisely this ecosystem and assess the tidal, diurnal and interannual variability. Secondly, we followed the variability of these parameters at the decadal scale, based on regular sampling from 2008 to 2018 in two coastal environments very close geographically (Brest and Roscoff, NWES), but with different freshwater influence. Finally, since methane is increasingly considered as a key player in the understanding of the coastal ecosystem functioning and Climatically-Actives Gas cycles, we quantified the driving processes of CO2 and CH4 air-sea exchanges in two mega-tidal estuaries influencing our study region
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Elder, Emma. "Grim Investigations : Reaping the Dead. A Comparison of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Burials of North Africa and Western Europe". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519766.
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Morrison, Ann Katherine 1929. "Canadian art and cultural appropriation : Emily Carr and the 1927 exhibition of Canadian West Coast Art - Native and Modern". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31244.
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In December 1927, Emily Carr's paintings were shown for the first time in central Canada in an exhibition called Canadian West Coast Art - Native and Modern. This event was held at the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, and marked a major turning point in Carr's career, for it brought her acceptance by the intellectual and artistic elite with their powerful networks of influence, as well as national acclaim in the public press. To this point, art historical writings have tended to focus on the artist and her own experiences, and in the process, the importance of this experimental exhibition in which her work was included has been overlooked and marginalized.
This thesis attempts to redress this imbalance by examining the exhibition in detail: first, to analyze the complexities of its ideological premises and the cultural implications of juxtaposing, for the first time in Canada, aboriginal and non-native artistic production within an art gallery setting; second, to consider the roles played by the two curators, Eric Brown, Director of the National Gallery, and C. Marius Barbeau, chief ethnologist at the National Museum; and third, to indicate the ways in which Emily Carr's works and those of the other non-native artists functioned within the exhibition.
During the 1920s, both the National Gallery and the National Museum were caught up in the competitive dynamic of asserting their leadership positions in the cause of Canadian nationalism and the development of a national cultural identity. In this 1927 exhibition, these issues of nationalism, self-definition and the development of a distinctly "Canadian" art permeated its organization and presentation. The appropriated aboriginal cultural material in the museum collections that had languished within storage cases was to be given a contemporary function. It was to be redeemed as "art," specifically as a "primitive" stage in the teleological development of the constructed field of "Canadian" art history. In this elision process, the curators relegated the native culture to a prehistoric and early historic past, suppressing its own parallel historical and cultural development.
The exhibition also presented the native objects as an available source of decorative design motifs to be exploited by non-native artists, designers and industrial firms in their production of Canadian products, underlining the assumption of the right to control and manipulate the culture of the colonized "Other."
Emily Carr"s twenty-six paintings, four hooked rugs and decorated pottery represented the largest contribution from any single artist. In their interpretations of the native culture, Carr and the other non-native artists were also engaged in a "self-other" definition, and had filtered their perceptions through the practices and conventions of western art traditions, especially in the use of modernist techniques. In the context of the exhibition, the artistic production by the fourteen non-native artists, including Carr, was caught up in a reaffirmation of the ideological and cultural positions of the two curators and the institutions they represented. The alternate discourses that could have been provided by the native people remained unheard.Arts, Faculty of
Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of
Graduate
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Gantley, Michael John. "The rites of spring : a cognitive analysis of ritual activity in the agricultural transition in south-west Asia and north-western Europe". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e84a90b0-5fba-4841-96af-b17c56d1ebd4.
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What cognitive and cultural mechanisms facilitated the agricultural transition? In this thesis, I evaluated the hypothesis that ritual action involving large groups of people meeting regularly created a significant sense of collective purpose to bring about the social cohesion necessary for agriculture. I test this hypothesis against the archaeological record in two distinct regions: south west Asia and north-western Europe. Following Whitehouse's (2000) Modes of Religiosity theory, I show that the agricultural transition in both regions is connected with a shift from an imagistic to an increasingly doctrinal mode of religious behaviour. This result is important because it brings together insights from the prehistoric archaeology and cognitive anthropology to generate new knowledge about the agricultural transition.
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Frantescu, Adina L. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EOCENE FOSSIL DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ATLANTIC COAST AND EUROPEAN TETHYAN PROVINCES". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1368632359.
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Schnitker, A. J. J. "Margaret of York, Princess of England and Duchess of Burgundy, 1446-1503 : female power, influence and authority in later fifteenth century North-western Europe". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.661635.
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Margaret of York, Princess of England and Duchess of Burgundy (1446-1503) is the central figure in this examination of the role and function of women within the power structures of fifteenth-century north-western Europe. Born into the English royal family, she was closely involved in the process of the Habsburg domain, and as such, was important in ushering in the political constellation of the next century. Her role in all this as a woman is all the more striking as she lacked that essential female contribution to the medieval political process: children. By carefully distinguishing Margaret’s influence from her power, and her power from her authority, her life challenges conventional ideas about boundaries imposed upon late medieval women through gender. In addition, her life sheds light onto the cultural as well as the political relationships between England and the Low Countries. Margaret of York’s role within this relationship asks some pertinent questions of long-held beliefs on the importance of Burgundy as the source of late medieval culture. The context of her own powerbase in the Low Countries also calls into question the standard theories on the aftermath of the Wars of the Roses. Finally, Margaret’s life adds to our understanding of the role of piety, and of the church, in the wider culture and society of the period. Her fine manuscript collection, as well as her involvement with new devotional cults, and her reliance upon men of the Church as her political allies, combine to provide a more holistic picture of piety and devotion amongst aristocratic ladies of the fifteenth century.
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Øren, Lars Pedersen. "System Analysis of Large-Scale Wind Power Integration in North-Western Europe : A study on the impact of large-scale wind power expansion and on the impact of a North Sea offshore grid". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9020.
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Problem description: The objective of this project was to create a simple model of the European power system and to investigate the effect an increasing amount of on- and offshore wind power will have on the North European power market in general and Norway in particular. The scenarios contain increasing amounts of installed wind power capacity, both on- and offshore. Emphasis was to be on the area surrounding the North Sea. The project covers the following issues: - Simulations of simplified power system scenarios set in the years 2005, 2020 and 2030. - Study how an increasing amount of installed wind power will affect energy prices, power production distribution, and power transmission flows. - Investigate how an offshore grid consisting of interconnections between offshore wind farms will affect the system. The task: The simulations in this project were performed using simple power market model. The model included 6 price areas: Denmark West, Denmark East, Norway, Sweden/Finland, Germany and UCTE/Others. The existing market model was modified in the following manner: - Split Norway into three price areas: Norway North, Middle and South - Add the Netherlands - Add the United Kingdom - Add corresponding offshore price areas for areas neighbouring the North Sea. Wind series were generated for each wind generator using reanalysis data. Scenarios were created for the years 2005, 2020 and 2030. In these scenarios, wind power capacities are increasing as time progresses. The 2020 and 2030 scenarios have been simulated with two alternative grid configurations: one where the offshore areas are connected only to their respective onshore areas and one where the offshore areas are also interconnected in an offshore grid. In total 7 different scenarios were simulated. Results: Wind power is able to supplant a large share of energy originally produced by con-ventional thermal generators. The presence of an offshore grid does not have any dramatic effects on energy production for the system, though it is possible to conclude that the presence of an offshore grid may contribute to slightly shift the power system in favour of renewable energy sources. Wind power will cause a significant reduction in energy prices in all areas, resulting in reduced energy costs for the entire system. Analysis of lost wind and hydro power reveals the importance of sufficient transmission capacity when large quantities of wind power are added to the system. Scenario 4 features enormous quantities of lost hydro power in the North and Middle of Norway due to transmission limitations. Analyses of power transmissions reveal that the offshore grid is over-dimensioned. Rationalizing the grid by reducing transmission capacities to more realistic levels will give a more cost-effective solution. This was demonstrated by performing a quick simulation and analysis of a scenario featuring such a rationalized grid. Wind power will cause more frequent variations in hydro power generation, due to balancing needs. Parts of the increased variability in the hydro generators can be explained by the increasing amount of wind power in the system, while other parts are most likely caused by limitations in the simulation model itself. Conclusion: Given the number of assumptions made in the grid, in cost calculations and in the model at large, it is more important to focus on general trends than on concrete numerical values. However, it is clear that increasing the amount of on- and offshore wind power in the European power system will have a beneficial impact to society's energy costs. It is also clear that wind power has the potential to dramatically reduce CO2-emissions caused by power generation. The offshore grid seems to be more beneficial to the power producers than to consumers since it causes slightly higher energy prices and providing a measure of flexibility as to where offshore wind power production is sent. Wind power will present challenges, especially regarding transmission grid development. A sufficiently dimensioned grid will be essential to the successful implementation of such amounts of wind power, both with respect to profitability and in order to avoid waste of potential wind or hydro energy.
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Nordqvist, K. (Kerkko). "The Stone Age of north-eastern Europe 5500–1800 calBC:bridging the gap between the East and the West". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218731.
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Abstract This work focuses on the Stone Age of north-eastern Europe between 5500 and 1800 calBC. Called the Neolithic in Finland and the Neolithic and Eneolithic in north-western Russia, the period and its research are characterized both by the encounters and separations between ‘the East’ and ‘the West’. Still, despite more than 100 years of archaeological research, few inter-regional studies exist. This dissertation aims to provide an overview of the basic concepts of the terminology and periodization and outline a general (absolute) chronological framework of the area. In addition, a historical research review of the present state of affairs is provided. Four case studies aspire to illustrate the varying (east–west-directed) contact networks that existed in the area during the Neolithic. The second central topic of this work is the Neolithic itself. The research area is located on the border of two major traditions defining the period either based on the appearance of productive livelihoods (west) or pottery technology (east). However, the purely Eurocentric and techno-economical views of the Neolithic have been recently challenged. An evaluation of the used terms and criteria are presented here in the context of north-eastern Europe. The Finnish-Russian border and national prehistories have affected and still affect the study of prehistory in north-eastern Europe. They have prevented studying many prehistoric phenomena to their full extent and have restricted the understanding of inter-regional interaction — during much of the Neolithic, the research area was not the last outpost of the western world but rather the north-western part of a vast Eurasian contact zone. The traditional definitions of the Neolithic have placed north-eastern Europe in an anomalous and peripheral position, but understanding the development as genuinely varying and multipolar would facilitate a more holistic and value-free examination of the periodTiivistelmä Koillis-Euroopan kivikautta aikavälillä 5500–1800 eKr. kutsutaan Suomessa neoliittiseksi, mutta Luoteis-Venäjällä se jaetaan neoliittiseen ja eneoliittiseen kauteen. Ajanjaksoa ja sen tutkimusta luonnehtivatkin ‘idän’ ja ‘lännen’ kohtaamiset ja erot. Huolimatta yli sadan vuoden tutkimushistoriasta on molempien alueiden aineistoja yhdisteleviä esityksiä olemassa vain niukasti. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tavoitteena on tarjota katsaus terminologian ja periodisaation keskeisiin käsitteisiin sekä hahmotella yleistä (absoluuttista) kronologiaa tutkimusalueella. Lisäksi työ esittelee nykytilanteen tutkimushistoriallisen taustan. Työhön kuuluu neljä tapaustutkimusta, joissa käsitellään Koillis-Euroopassa neoliittisella kivikaudella esiintyneitä (itä–länsi-suuntaisia) yhteysverkostoja. Työn toinen keskeinen teema on neoliittisen kivikauden käsite. Tutkimusalue sijaitsee kahden tutkimustradition rajalla, joista läntinen määrittelee aikakauden tuottavien elinkeinojen, itäinen keramiikan käyttöönoton perusteella. Puhtaasti Eurooppa-keskeinen ja teknologis-taloudellinen kuva neoliittisesta kivikaudesta on kuitenkin äskettäin kyseenalaistettu. Työssä esitellään yleistä terminologiaa ja pohditaan määritelmien käyttökelpoisuutta Koillis-Euroopassa. Suomen ja Venäjän välinen raja ja kansallinen esihistoriankirjoitus ovat vaikuttaneet merkittävästi kuvaan menneisyydestä. Ne ovat rajoittaneet ilmiöiden tutkimista niiden koko laajuudessa ja hämärtäneet alueiden välisiä yhteyksiä — suuren osan kivikautta tutkimusalue oli pohjoisella havumetsävyöhykkeellä vallinneiden verkostojen luoteisin osa, ei niinkään lännen viimeinen etuvartioasema. Perinteiset neoliittisen kivikauden määrittelykriteerit ovat asettaneet Koillis-Euroopan poikkeavaan ja perifeeriseen asemaan, mutta kehityksen ymmärtäminen aidosti varioivana ja moninapaisena mahdollistaisi periodin kokonaisvaltaisen ja ennakkoasenteista vapaan käsittelyn myös tällä alueella
Аннотация Работа посвящена каменному веку северо-восточной Европы от 5500 до 1800 лет до н.э. Этот временной промежуток соответствует периоду неолита по финской периодизации, или периодам неолита и энеолита для древностей Северо-Запада России. Для рассматриваемого периода характерны как сходства, так и различия в археологическом материале между западной и восточной частями региона, и, так же, наличие и сходств, и различий между «западной» и «восточной» научными школами в понимании этого периода и в подходах к его исследованию. Несмотря на более чем 100-летнюю историю археологических исследований, лишь в нескольких работах данная проблематика рассматривается на межрегиональном уровне. В диссертации представлен обзор основных существующих понятий и хронологических схем, очерчены общие (абсолютные) хронологические рамки периода неолита рассматриваемой территории. Кроме того, рассмотрена история формирования современного состояния изучаемого вопроса. На примере четырёх конкретных исследований проиллюстрированы варианты систем коммуникаций (между востоком и западом), существовавших на рассматриваемой территории в неолите. Другая основная тема исследования — неолит как таковой. Изучаемая территория является пограничной для двух основных научных традиций определения неолита, использующих в качестве главного критерия либо появление производящего хозяйства («западная школа»), либо распространение технологии изготовления глиняной посуды («восточная школа»). Однако в последнее время наметилась ревизия евроцентричных и исключительно технологических и экономических подходов к пониманию неолита. В работе приведён критический анализ понятий и терминов, используемых в исследованиях по северо-востоку Европы. Финляндско-российская граница и различия между национальными концепциями доистории оказывали и продолжают оказывать влияние на изучение доистории северо-восточной Европы. Они ограничивают исследование многих явлений доисторического прошлого во всей их полноте, в том числе процессы межрегионального взаимодействия. Ведь в действительности на протяжении большей части периода неолита рассматриваемая территория являлась не крайним аванпостом западного мира, а, скорее, северо-западной частью обширной зоны евразийских контактов. При традиционном понимании неолитической эпохи северо-восток Европы оказывается периферийной территорией с отличным от «нормального» ходом культурного развития. Однако понимание развития как действительно вариативного и полицентричного процесса способствует более целостному и непредвзятому изучению рассматриваемого периода. (Translation: D.V. Gerasimov)
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Wißing, Christoph Verfasser] y Hervé [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bocherens. "Multi-isotopic tracking (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) of ancient trophic webs around the time of Neandertal replacement by anatomically modern humans in North-Western Europe / Christoph Wißing ; Betreuer: Hervé Bocherens". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1164169068/34.
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Pickerill-Power, Tracy. "Financing the conservation of the architectural heritage in Western Europe and North America : developing an area-based funding model for the conservation of the architectural heritage in the Republic of Ireland". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410381.
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Martello, Charles P. "NATO burden-sharing redefinition for a changing European threat /". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA242560.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Gates, William. Second Reader: Doyle, Richard. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 2, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): NATO, Defense Planning, Industrial Production, Economics, Burden Sharing, Defense Industries, Sharing, Costs, Military Forces (Foreign), Military Forces (United States), Military Equipment, Mathematical Models, Military Reserves, Industrial Capacity. Author(s) subject terms: Burden-sharing, NATO. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-80). Also available in print.
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Koja, Suliman Farag. "Sand dune movement and its impact on human activities in the north western coast region of Libya : an analysis of the sediment characteristics of sand dunes, and their movement using satellite images, and the effects of encroachment on farms assessed by a questionnaire survey". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7292.
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Sand movement is one of the many environmental problems facing humans in the dry and semi-dry areas of the world. This study has investigated the observed changes in sand dune coverage compared to predictions, and has also assessed the impact of sand movement on human activity in the north western coastal region of Libya. The study used three methods. The first was a statistical model proposed by Bagnold, which correlates wind shear velocity with particle size, in order to predict likely sand movement. It was found that 60% of sand grains within the study area have a diameter of less than 0.25 mm, making them liable to be moved by the wind speeds recorded, particularly from March until September, and mostly in a northerly direction. The sand in the western part of the study area had a greater predicted rate of sand transport compared with the sand in the eastern part, which was related to its origin. The second method involved the analysis of satellite images for four different years; from 1986 to 2003. The land cover in the study area was found to have changed over this time. Sand dune area cover had increased, and there were other changes particularly a decline in forest. The third method was the use of a questionnaire (the respondents being land owners), which showed that there was notable loss of crop production (by about a quarter) due to sand movement, and that land owners mostly used afforestation to help control the sand movement in the region. The observed sand movement did not match the predictions based solely on sand grain size and wind speed, and climatic analyses showed no convincing trends which could explain increased sand movement except perhaps an increase in wind gusts. The thesis concludes that the overriding determinant in greater sand movement over the period studied was the loss of forest from the area due to human impacts, which farmers are having to compensate for by planting trees locally to reduce sand movement.
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Koja, Suliman F. "Sand dune movement and its impact on human activities in the North Western coast region of Libya. An analysis of the sediment characteristics of sand dunes, and their movement using satellite images, and the effects of encroachment on farms assessed by a questionnaire survey". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7292.
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Sand movement is one of the many environmental problems facing humans in the dry and semi-dry areas of the world. This study has investigated the observed changes in sand dune coverage compared to predictions, and has also assessed the impact of sand movement on human activity in the north western coastal region of Libya. The study used three methods. The first was a statistical model proposed by Bagnold, which correlates wind shear velocity with particle size, in order to predict likely sand movement. It was found that 60% of sand grains within the study area have a diameter of less than 0.25 mm, making them liable to be moved by the wind speeds recorded, particularly from March until September, and mostly in a northerly direction. The sand in the western part of the study area had a greater predicted rate of sand transport compared with the sand in the eastern part, which was related to its origin. The second method involved the analysis of satellite images for four different years; from 1986 to 2003. The land cover in the study area was found to have changed over this time. Sand dune area cover had increased, and there were other changes particularly a decline in forest. The third method was the use of a questionnaire (the respondents being land owners), which showed that there was notable loss of crop production (by about a quarter) due to sand movement, and that land owners mostly used afforestation to help control the sand movement in the region. The observed sand movement did not match the predictions based solely on sand grain size and wind speed, and climatic analyses showed no convincing trends which could explain increased sand movement except perhaps an increase in wind gusts. The thesis concludes that the overriding determinant in greater sand movement over the period studied was the loss of forest from the area due to human impacts, which farmers are having to compensate for by planting trees locally to reduce sand movement.
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Morin, Eymeric. "Evolution morpho-sédimentaire de la vallée de la Choisille (Sud-Ouest du Bassin Parisien, France) depuis le Weichsélien : spécificité de l'impact climatique et anthropique en Europe du Nord-Ouest". Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4013/document.
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La variabilité spatio-temporelle de l’évolution morpho-sédimentaire du fond de la vallée de la Choisille (bassin versant : 288 km²), affluent de la Loire moyenne dans le sud-ouest du Bassin parisien (37), a été étudiée par 78 forages (8 transects), prospection géophysique, analyses sédimentologiques et datations 14C et OSL. Huit phases d’évolution du système fluviatile depuis le début Weichsélien ont été définies et corrélées avec les données palynologiques et archéologiques locales, afin de comprendre l’impact des facteurs forçants : climat ou/et anthropisation. Du Weichsélien jusqu’au début du Subatlantique, l'activité d'incision ou de sédimentation de la Choisille a évolué sous contrôle climatique strict. Depuis l’Allerød, cette évolution a été différente de celles observées sur d’autres rivières en Europe du Nord-Ouest, indiquant des spécificités climatiques et géologiques régionales. Dès l’Âge du Bronze, la rivière a évolué sous contrôle climatique et anthropique ; l'impact anthropique sur la sédimentation fut prépondérant, mais très variable dans le temps et l'espace au sein du bassin selon les potentialités agricoles des secteurs considérésThe spatio-temporal variability of the Choisille valley morpho-sedimentary evolution (catchment: 288 km²), a tributary of the middle Loire River in the south-western Parisian Basin (37), was studied through 78 core-drillings (8 transects), geophysical prospecting, sedimentological analyses and 14C and OSL dating. Eight phases of fluvial system evolution were defined and correlated with palynological and archaeological dataset, in order to highlight the impact of forcing factors: climate and/or human activity. From the Weichselian up to the Subatlantic, the fluvial incision or sedimentation activity has strictly evolved under climate control. Since the Allerød, this evolution was different from what has been observed on other rivers of north-western Europe, indicating regional climatic or geological specificities. Since the Bronze Ages, the river has evolved under climatic and human control; the anthropogenic impact on sedimentation was dominant, but spatio-temporaly variable in the catchment, in relationship with the agricultural potentialities of the different areas
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Dunlop, Joseph. "La Relève : Catholic intellectuals in Quebec, 1930-1950". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:87a80921-1aa8-4324-9afa-000b2572581b.
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This study traces the intellectual and political itinerary of the review La Relève, an influential cultural journal in 1930s and ‘40s Quebec, in order to explore broader trends within francophone Catholicism in the middle decades of the twentieth century. La Relève enjoyed a unique role as a propagator of French Catholic thought in Quebec due to its close ties with the prominent French Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain. In the early ‘30s, members of the Relève group espoused a militant Catholicism with conservative-minded nationalist sympathies. The group’s encounter with Maritain in October 1934, however, moved La Relève towards a more communitarian Catholicism which was open to social and religious pluralism. During the later ‘30s, the Relèvistes would display a new interest in democratic forms of politics, reflecting the larger ‘democratic turn’ evident amongst many francophone Catholic intellectuals. In examining this shift, this study argues that the progressive Catholicism embraced by La Relève remained strongly rooted in longstanding Catholic social teachings and mentalities, thereby shedding light upon the political trajectory of the larger French Catholic Revival during this period. The emergence of a ‘Left’ Catholicism in France and Quebec was the result of a gradual and often contradictory process in which new attempts to engage with pluralism, democracy and human rights were heavily influenced by the traditionally anti-liberal and anti-individualistic perspectives of Catholic social and political thought. This study also examines the social and cultural environment of Catholic intellectual engagement in Quebec during this period, focusing upon the role played by friendship in defining the experiences of the Relève circle during the 1930s and ‘40s. Initially the product of a close-knit and often cliquish group of former schoolmates, La Relève provided a forum for masculine solidarity and shared intellectual and religious pursuits. The Relèvistes' conception of friendship expanded over the course of the decade, reflecting their exposure to the ideas of the French Catholic intelligentsia, for whom the idea of friendship signalled a wider community bound together by common religious, social and political goals. During the war years, the Relève group came to play a new role within the larger francophone Catholic intellectual community, founding a publishing company which printed numerous anti-fascist Catholic authors. In the postwar period, however, contact with the European intellectual milieu diminished, as the review closed in 1948 and the Relèvistes embraced new trends in Catholic thought which ultimately distanced them from Maritain. However, intellectual engagement with French Catholic thought would continue on in Quebec through the review Cité libre, which would play an important role in shaping politics and society in Quebec and Canada during the later twentieth century.
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Gonnet, Adrien. "Du plateau au fond de vallée : apport de l'étude de trois sites archéologiques à la compréhension des dynamiques géomorphologiques holocènes en Normandie". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR109/document.
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Depuis la fin du Pléistocène, l’évolution des conditions environnementales et les pratiques anthropiques ont influencé les dynamiques morpho-sédimentaires des bassins versants du Nord-Ouest européen. Les petits hydrosystèmes sont particulièrement sensibles à ces évolutions qui s’expriment dans les archives sédimentaires. La démarche adoptée confronte les données des géosciences, de l’archéologie et de la géomorphologie, pour appréhender les interrelations Homme/climat/environnement durant l’Holocène en Normandie. En étudiant les archives pédo-sédimentaires de trois sites archéologiques des plateaux aux fonds de vallée, l’objectif est de discriminer les forçages climato-anthropiques pour chaque épisode d’érosion/sédimentation. L’étude des plateaux normands à Villers-Ecalles dévoile une intense troncature érosive des luvisols holocènes à la fin de La Tène. Les colluvions stockées en fond de vallon soulignent la continuité des dépôts et l’intensification de l’érosion à l’époque moderne. Les archives sédimentaires de Brionne, en pied de versant, ont révélé la séquence Tardiglaciaire et la diagenèse tufacée du début de l’Holocène. La séquence holocène d’une vallée littorale, la Scie, permet de reconstituer son évolution diachronique, les dynamiques morpho-sédimentaires et l’évolution du couvert végétal. L’étude des sites met en évidence la synchronicité de certains événements, malgré des épisodes parfois locaux. Les schémas d’évolution s’inscrivent dans le contexte bien documenté du Bassin parisien. La comparaison des séquences témoigne de la complexité des réponses aux interactions Homme/milieu et d’une mosaïque de pression anthropique différentielle pendant l’HolocèneSince the end of the Pleistocene, the variations of environmental and anthropic conditions influenced the morpho-sedimentary dynamics of North-Western european catchments. The small hydrosystem are very sensitive to these evolutions, recorded in sedimentary archives. Our approach confronts geoscience, archaeology and geomorphological data, in order to apprehend the interrelationships between Human activity, climate and environment during the Holocene in Normandy. By studying the sedimentary archives from three settlements, from the plateau to the valleys, our aim is to discriminate climato-anthropic forcing for each episode of erosion and sedimentation. The three sites, located in small catchments, give pedo-sedimentary references for each geosystemic unit. The study a loessic plateau shows an intense erosion of Holocene luvisol since the end of La Tene period. The colluvial deposits, accumulated in a dry valley show the continuity of detrital sedimentation, and the intensification of erosional processes during modern times. At the bottom of a slope, the study of Brionne’s sedimentary archives reveals the Late Glacial sequence and the tufa diagenesis at the early Holocene. The Holocene sequence on a small coastal valley, la Scie, allows to reconstruct its diachronical evolution, the morphosedimentary dynamics and the landcape evolution. The diachronical evolution of these three sites shows the synchronicity of events, even if some ones appear to be local. These data enter in the well-documented context of the Paris Basin. Comparing those sequences has revealed the spatial and chronological complexity of the landscape responses to the human and climate forcing
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Ridge, Hannah Elizabeth. "Designing a Strategy to Reduce Wedding Conflict for Engaged Christian Couples with Progressive Values". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1588331262095651.
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Touzé, Olivier. "D'une tradition à l'autre, les débuts de la période gravettienne : trajectoire technique des sociétés de chasseurs-cueilleurs d'Europe nord-occidentale". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H101.
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Les modèles proposés pour rendre compte de l’émergence du Gravettien reposent traditionnellement sur les données issues d’Europe centrale et du Sud-ouest français. Souvent perçu comme se situant aux confins des territoires gravettiens, le Nord-Ouest européen demeure généralement à l’écart de ces discussions. Cet espace dispose pourtant aujourd’hui d’une documentation permettant d’investiguer un tel sujet. A partir d’une analyse technologique des ensembles lithiques mis au jour dans les sites d’Ormesson - Les Bossats (Seine-et-Marne, France), Flagy - Belle Fontaine (Seine-et-Marne, France), Maisières-Canal (Province de Hainaut, Belgique) et de la Station de l’Hermitage (Province de Liège, Belgique), nous examinerons l’évolution du système technique lithique dans cet espace entre environ 28 000 et 26 000 BP. La reconnaissance d’une entité technique originale, antérieure aux premiers ensembles gravettiens et se développant exclusivement au sein du Nord-Ouest européen, permettra de jeter un éclairage régional particulier sur les modalités par lesquelles fut opérée l’adoption des traditions techniques rapportées au Gravettien. Ce faisant, nous tenterons de reconstituer quelques fragments de la paléohistoire des sociétés s’inscrivant dans cette période particulière, au cours de laquelle ces dernières connaissent de profonds changements enregistrés à travers tout l’espace européenThe models proposed to account for the emergence of the Gravettian are traditionally based on data from Central Europe and south-western France. Often perceived as being located on the edge of Gravettian territories, north-western Europe does not generally contribute to these debates. However, this geographical area now offers documentation for investing such a topic. Based on a technological analysis of lithic assemblages from the sites of Ormesson - Les Bossats (Seine-et-Marne, France), Flagy - Belle Fontaine (Seine-et-Marne, France), Maisières-Canal (Province of Hainaut, Belgium) and Station de Hermitage (Province of Liege, Belgium), we will examine the evolution of the lithic technical system in this region between approximately 28,000 and 26,000 BP. The recognition of an original technical entity, that preceded the first Gravettian assemblages and developed exclusively in north-western Europe, will throw a particular light on the way the technical traditions related to the Gravettian were acquired in this region. In doing so, we will try to reconstruct some fragments of the paleohistory of the societies belonging to this particular period, during which they experienced profound changes recorded throughout Europe
Modellen over de opkomst van het Gravettian zijn traditioneel gebaseerd op gegevens afkomstig van Midden-en Zuidwest-Frankrijk, waarbij de gevens uit Noordwest-Europa over het algemeen achterwege blijven, gezien deze regio wordt beschouwd al een grensgebied van het Gravettian. De regio beschikt tegenwoordig over gegevens die wel toelaten om dit onderwerp te onderzoeken. Hier onderzoeken we de evolutie van het lithische technische systeem in deze regio tussen ongeveer 28.000 en 26.000 BP op basis van een technologische analyse van lithische assemblages afkomstig van de sites van Ormesson - Les Bossats (Seine-et-Marne, Frankrijk), Flagy - Belle Fontaine (Seine-et-Marne, Frankrijk), Maisières-Canal (Provincie Henegouwen, België) en het Hermitage Station (Provincie de Luik, België). De identificatie van een originele technische entiteit, voorafgaand aan de eerste gravettische ensembles en dewelke zich uitsluitend ontwikkeld in het noordwesten van Europa, laten ons toe om een specifiek regionaal licht te werpen op de adoptie van de technische tradities gerelateerd aan het Gravettian. Op basis hiervan proberen we enkele fragmenten uit de paleogeschiedenis van deze samenlevingen te reconstrueren, een periode waarbij ingrijpende veranderingen hebben plaatsgevonden op schaal van het gehele Europese grondgebied
Bestehende Modelle zur Entwicklung des Gravettiens beruhen traditionellerweise auf Angaben aus Zentraleuropa und dem Südwesten Frankreichs. Der Nordwesten Europas wurde im Vergleich eher als ein Randgebiet des Gravettiens wahrgenommen und erhielt folglich nur geringe Aufmerksamkeit. Heute verfügt dieses Gebiet allerdings über umfassendes Untersuchungsmaterial, das eine Studie dieses Themenfeldes ermöglicht. Mittels einer technologischen Untersuchung lithischer Inventare der Fundplätze von Ormesson - Les Bossats (Seine-et-Marne, Frankreich), Flagy - Belle Fontaine (Seine-et-Marne, Frankreich), Maisières-Canal (Provinz Hennegau, Belgien) und der Station de l‘Hermitage (Provinz de Lüttich, Belgien), untersuchen wir die technologische Entwicklung der Steinartefakte in diesem Gebiet zwischen 28 000 und 26 000 v. Chr. Die Erkennung eines technisch einheitlichen Ursprungs, der sich vor den ersten Gravettien-Beständen und innerhalb des Nordwestens Europas entwickelt hat, bietet einen besonderen regionalen Blickwinkel auf die Übernahme der technologischen Traditionen, die dem Gravettien zugeordnet werden. So werden wir versuchen einzelne Fragmente paläohistorischer Gesellschaften aus einem Zeitraum zu rekonstruieren, in dem im gesamten europäischen Gebiet tiefgreifende Veränderungen aufgezeichnet wurden
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Manders, Bartholomeus. "Clean : Not the Monochrome, Universal and Neutral Modernism You Expect". Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för design, inredningsarkitektur och visuell kommunikation (DIV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6915.
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This project report offers insight into my research, creative process and work during my two-year Master in visual communication at Konstfack, Stockholm.Clean: Not the Monochrome, Universal and Neutral Modernism You Expect is the published culmination of a period of visual research highlighting Modernism — Modernist (graphic) design and architecture to be precise — as a power structure by uncovering its connections to colonialism and design authoritarianism through misperception, whiteness, exclusive practicing and imposition.The book uses intersections of visual material, personal experience and theory to deconstruct the inheritance of the creative practitioner working in the realm of Modernism as well as its presumed neutrality.
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Schneider, Eric B. "Studies in historical living standards and health : integrating the household and children into historical measures of living standards and health". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f2e55a37-c605-4aba-8a2e-3d699c6b82b7.
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This dissertation attempts to integrate the household and children more fluidly into measures of well-being in the past. In part one, I develop a Monte Carlo simulation to test some of the assumptions of Allen’s welfare ratio methodology. These included his assumptions that family size was constant over time, that there were no female-headed households and that women and children did not participate in the labour force. After all of the adjustments, it appears that Allen’s welfare ratios underestimate the welfare ratios of a demographically representative group of families, especially if women and children’s labour force participation is included. However, the predicted distributions also highlight the struggles of agricultural labourers, who are given separate consideration. Even the average agricultural labourers’ family with women and children working would have had to rely of self- provisioning, gleaning, poor relief or the extension of the working year to make ends meet at the poorest point in their family life cycle. Part two adjusts Floud et al.’s estimates of calorie availability in the English economy from 1700 to 1909 for the costs of digestion, pregnancy and lactation. Taken together, these three additional costs reduced the amount calories available by around 15 per cent in 1700 but only by 5 per cent in 1909 because of the changing composition of the English diet. Part three presents a new adaptive framework for studying changes in children’s growth patterns over time and a new methodology, longitudinal growth studies, for measuring gender disparities in health in the past. An adaptive framework for understanding growth provides a more parsimonious explanation for the vast catch-up growth achieved by slave children in the antebellum American South. The slave children were only able to achieve this catch-up growth because they were programmed for a tall height trajectory by relatively good conditions in utero. Finally, impoverished girls experienced greater catch-up growth than boys in two schools in late-nineteenth century Boston, USA and early-twentieth century London, suggesting that girls were deprived relative to boys before entering these institutions.
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Clerget, Jérôme. "Faire l'Europe sans défaire l'Alliance ? : les relations transatlantiques et l'affirmation de l'identité européenne : enjeux politico-stratégiques et choix institutionnels, 1973-1992". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG025.
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De 1973 à 1992, les Européens de l’Ouest se trouvent fréquemment confrontés à des initiatives politiques et des évolutions doctrinales américaines qu’ils interprètent avec inquiétude comme pouvant déstabiliser la relation transatlantique. Ils s’en trouvent sans cesse tiraillés entre la nécessité impérieuse de tout entreprendre pour préserver un lien fort avec l’allié étatsunien, ultime garantie de leur défense face à la menace venue de l’Est, et la volonté d’affirmer leurs intérêts propres sur le plan de la sécurité. Comment faire exister une identité européenne dans ces conditions ? La thèse s’attelle à répondre à cette question, en montrant que si les Vieilles Nations ne sont jamais parvenues à bâtir un véritable pilier européen de l’Alliance atlantique durant cette période, la relation transatlantique, avec son lot de désaccords, de malentendus et de méfiances, a permis l’essor d’une riche réflexion autour de ce qui caractérise l’Europe sur un plan politico-stratégiqueFrom 1973 to 1992, Western Europeans were frequently confronted with political initiatives and doctrinal developments from United States, which they worried about as destabilizing the transatlantic relationship. They are constantly torn between the imperative need to undertake everything to preserve a strong link with the US ally, ultimate guarantee of their defense against the threat from the East, and the will to assert their own interests especially in terms of security. How to make a European identity exist under these conditions ? Our work aims at answering the question, showing that although the Old Nations have never managed to build a real European pillar of the Atlantic Alliance, despite many experiments, the transatlantic relationship, with its share of disagreements, misunderstandings and mistrust, has allowed the development of a rich debate about what characterizes Europe on a politico-strategic level
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Marraccini, Alessandro. "The impact of major modes of climate variability on wave parameters in the western european coast". Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/20634.
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Tese de mestrado em Ciências Geofísicas, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2015O comportamento das ondas gravíticas superficiais oceânicas tem tido desde sempre um papel de grande importância na evolução geológica e socio-economica das regiões costeiras. Desde tempos pré-historicos as primeiras povoações humanas em regiões costeiras tiveram que enfrentar-se com a variabilidade das condições das ondas e com as consequências relativas. As condições de ondulação apresentam uma grande variabilidade espacial e temporal que tem um impacto directo na eficiência de várias atividades económicas, entre as quais podemos mencionar o transporte maritimo e a pesca. O conhecimento do clima das ondas pode ser de grande importância na transição para um modelo energético baseado em fontes de energia renováveis, entre as quais a energia gerada pelas ondas poderá ter um papel determinante. A erosão costeira é tambem fortemente relacionada com as características da ondulação. Nos ultimos anos as actividades económicas relativas ao turismo dos desportos de ondas são cada ano mais relevantes nas regiões costeiras europeias, em particular em Portugal, e dependem muito do regime de ondulação e da sua variabilidade no tempo (e.g. surf). O objetivo central deste estudo é o de analisar a existência de uma ligação entre a variabilidade do clima das ondas e certos modos de variabilidade climática bem como avaliar o papel destes como possíveis predictores. Os modos climáticos em estudo são: Oscilação do Atlântico Norte (North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO), padrão do Atlântico Este (East Atlantic pattern, EA) e o padrão da Escandinávia (Scandinavian Pattern, SCAND), sendo que são tendencialmente considerados os padrões de circulação atmosférica a larga-escala mais importantes para o clima da região Euro-Atlântica. Os dados referentes aos parámetros das ondas são relativos a dez pontos ao longo da costa Europeia e foram retirados de uma base de dados obtida através de um modelo de ondas regional que cobre a area do Atlántico Nordeste, produzido e validado por (Dodet et al., 2010). O modelo simula as condições de ondas a partir do modelo espectral WW3 forçado por uma reanalisis do campo do vento NCEP. Os parametros de ondas usados neste trabalho são: a altura significativa da onda (Hs); a média da terça parte das ondas com maior altura registadas durante o tempo considerado; e periodo de pico (Tp): o periodo associado ao maior nível de energia num grafico espectral. A partir destes dados foram calculadas médias interanuais relativas ao Inverno (Dezembro-Março) caracterizadas por um valor que representa a média de todos os registos desse conjunto de meses. As médias interanuais foram normalizadas subtraindo o valor médio e dividindo pelo desvio-padrão. A normalização dos dados permite compreender melhor a magnitude das anomalias presentes e desta forma distinguir mais facilmente valores normais de valores menos comuns das variáveis em estudo. Os dados referentes aos modos clímaticos foram retirados do site do Climate Prediction Center (CPC) da NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) para os mesmos períodos temporais dos dados das ondas, mas com uma resolução mensal: um valor de índice (por cada modo) por cada mês. Os índices foram calculados pela NOAA com recurso a uma análise PCA ao campo da altura geopotencial aos 500 hPa. A identificação das diferentes fases de cada modo foi feita com uma base no valor dos seus índices: a fase positiva é definida por um índice ≥ 0.5; a fase negativa por um índice de ≤ - 0.5; e a fase intermédia ou neutra por um índice entre 0.5 e -0.5. A partir dos índices dos modos clímaticos foram feitas médias interanuais e foram normalizadas da mesma forma usada pelos dados de onda. Para avaliar o impacto dos modos climáticos com a variabilidade do clima das ondas foi feita uma comparação entre a variabilidade interanual das médias invernais dos parâmetros da onda escolhidos e dos modos climaticos. As correlações foram calculadas com o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para um grau de significância de (p<0.10). O resultado desta comparação revela que a variabilidade interanual da ondulação relativa ao inverno pode ser associada para uma grande parte da área em estudo com os índices da NAO, EA e SCAND. Encontraram-se correlações significativas entre os valores relativos à altura significativa da onda (Hs) e o índice da NAO em todos os pontos localizados entre 07.5º-02.5ºW e 50.0º-45.0N. A correlação entre NAO e Hs decresce de forma constante para sudoeste tornando-se negativa a sul dos 42.5ºN, até atingir correlações negativas fracas (mas estatisticamente significativas) nos dois pontos mais a sul (localidades 9 e 10). Correlações positivas e significativas foram encontradas tambem entre a NAO e o periodo de pico (Tp) em todos os pontos. EA-Hs e EA-Tp apresentam correlações positivas e significativas em todos os pontos. SCAND e Hs têm correlações significativas nos pontos a sul de 42.5ºN e crescem até atingir o valor maximo de 0.39 na localidade mais a sul (localidade 10). Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre SCAND e Tp. O impacto dos modos clímaticos foi também estudado a partir da analise das distribuições de Hs e de Tp. Este estudo foi centrado nos pontos localizados mais a norte (1) e mais a sul (10) devido à grande diferença que mostraram na análise das correlações entre os parametros de onda e os índices dos modos climaticos. A significatividade das variações das distribuições foi avaliada com o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Encontrou-se que em 1 as fases positivas da NAO são significativamente associadas a uma distribuição da Hs mais larga e com valores médios mais altos que no caso da fase negativa da NAO. Tambem as fases da EA no ponto 1 têm um impacto significativo na distribuição de Hs parecido com o impacto da NAO. As mesmas correlações positivas foram encontradas para NAO e EA em relação ao Tp em 1. Não foram encontradas variações significativas em função das fases do índice SCAND para a distribuição da Hs e do Tp em 1. No ponto 10 (mais a sul) a distribuição da Hs tem uma fraca correlação negativa com a NAO mas as distribuições não são significativamente diferentes. Um impacto significativo e positivo foi encontrado para a EA e distribuição de Hs em 10. O impacto na distribuição de Tp é significativo e positivo para NAO e EA em 10. A influência da SCAND na distribuição de Hs e Tp em 10 apresenta variações fracas e não-significativas. Os modos climáticos podem interagir entre si, resultando em estruturas espaciais modificadas. Por tal, uma avaliação do impacto destes na distribuição dos parametros de onda foi feita também para fases combinadas. Encontrou-se que a NAO e a EA têm um impacto significativo na distribuição de Hs quando se encontram na mesma fase e que anulam o impacto quando se encontram em oposição de fase no ponto 1. Contrariamente, a oposição das fases entre NAO e EA tem um impacto significativo em 10 onde são registadas Hs maiores durante a combinação de fases (NAO-EA+) e Hs mais pequenas durante (NAO+EA-). A influência das fases da SCAND também nesta análise é fraca e não-significativa. Por fim foi avaliada a capacidade de um modelo de regressão linearl (MLRM) para reconstruir a variabilidade das medias interanuais dos parâmetros das ondas relatívas ao inverno a partir dos índices da NAO, da EA e da SCAND usados como variáveis predictoras. As séries reconstruidas apresentam correlações positivas e estatisticamente significativas com as séries originais com um valor máximo de 0.71 encontrado para a altura significativa da onda no ponto 10. Em conclusão, a partir dos resultados obtidos, é possivel afirmar que os modos de variabilidade climática NAO, EA e SCAND têm um impacto no clima das ondas nas costas europeias. NAO e EA mostraram as melhores correlações com os parametros de onda em todas as análises. O impacto da SCAND, a pesar de não ser notável nas análises das distribuições de Hs e Tp, deu correlações significativas e positivas com Hs só a a sul dos 42.5º, o que deixa aberta a hipótese de que melhores correlações possam encontrar-se ampliando a área de análise para latitudes mais baixas.
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the East Atlantic (EA) and the Scandinavian (SCAND) modes are three main large-scale circulation patterns driving the climate variability of the Euro-Atlantic region. This work evaluates their impact in wave climate parameters and assesses their skill as predictors of wave activity. The representative wave parameters used for this purpose are the significant wave height (Hs) and the peak period (Tp). Wave data have been retrieved from a 57-year hindcast study (1953–2009), obtained with the spectral wave model WW3 forced with the NCEP reanalysis of the wind fields, that was implemented and validated by (Dodet et al., 2010). This model provided wave data for 10 key locations that cover a wide portion of the European coast from 50ºN to 35ºN. First, a comparison between the inter-annual variability of the winter means of the selected wave parameters and the three climate modes has been made. The findings reveal that wave climate variability can be associated, to a large extent, with the proposed indexes of variability (NAO, EA and SCAND). Second, statistically significant variations in the winter distributions of Hs and Tp have been found with respect to the preferred phase of NAO and EA while SCAND did not produce significant variations. Significant variations have also been found for several two-by-two combinations of phases with NAO and EA being the leading patterns again. Finally, the skill of a multi-linear regression model (MLRM), built using the NAO, EA and SCAND indexes, to reconstruct the original inter-annual winter means of Hs and Tp was evaluated. The reconstructed series correlate with the original ones relatively well with values up to 0.71 for the inter-annual winter mean of Hs in the northernmost location in study.
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Anh, Hoang y 黃英. "Resuspension of bottom sediment on Inner shelf - A case study of North-western coast of Taiwan". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23229114738027118790.
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碩士國立中央大學
水文與海洋科學研究所
100
Factors that affect the resuspension of bottom sediment in the coastal zone of North-western coast of Taiwan were investigated. Field observations using ADCPs were carried out in 3 durations (Jan 14th – Feb 01st 2011; May 26th – June 21st 2011; and Feb 21st – April 13th 2012) to collect wave and current data. Besides, wind was recorded from anemometer equipped on the flux tower; hydrological data were recorded from CTD. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) near bottom is estimated using ADCP echo intensity. SSC and current are decomposed into several components to elaborate the impact of currents components to SSC. The temporal variation of SSC is decomposed into several Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) using Empirical Mode Decompositon (EMD). All the low-frequency IMFs are composed and referred as long-term SSC while all the high-frequency IMFs are composed and referred as short-term SSC. Observed current is decomposed into tidal current and non-tidal current using Harmonic Analysis. Stokes drift which represents for wave-induced current were estimated using Lentz’s formula or Ardhuin’s formula. Results from Ardhuin’s formula are adopted for following analysis. The non-Stokes residual current is then regarded as induced by wind. Inter-comparisons of the decomposed SSCs with tidal currents, wave-induced currents, non-Stokes residual currents were made. A high correlation is found between long-term SSC and wave while short-term SSC and tidal current are also in a good agreement. It is noted that, a semi-diurnal oscillation of water density is identified synchronized with the enhancement of SSC. These oscillations might owe to the fluctuation of river plume or the internal wave. During the rainfall, the sediment discharge from the creeks might be considerable. The fluctuation of fluvial water due to strong tide would induce the oscillation of water density at one fixed location. In the other hand, this water density oscillation is likely the internal wave oscillation which is quite possible in the inner shelf. So internal wave might also contribute to the resuspension but evidences of internal wave are weak. More observation is needed for further study to consolidate the presence of internal wave in this coastal region.
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Zueva-Owens, Anna y Jenny M. Fairbrass. "Conceptualising Corporate Social Responsibility: ‘Relational Governance’ Assessed, Augmented, and Adapted". 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7121.
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NoAcademic interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be traced back to the 1930s. Since then an impressive body of empirical data and theory-building has been amassed, mainly located in the fields of management studies and business ethics. One of the most noteworthy recent conceptual contributions to the scholarship is Midttun’s (Corporate Governance 5(3):159–174, 2005) CSR-oriented embedded relational model of societal governance. It re-conceptualises the relationships between the state, business, and civil society. Other scholars (In Albareda et al. Corporate Governance 6(4):386–400, 2006; Business Ethics: A European Review 17(4):347–363, 2008; Lozano et al., Governments and Corporate Social Responsibility, 2008) have recently successfully used the model as the basis for their analytical framework for researching CSR activities in a large number of western European countries. While this research offers valuable insights into how CSR is operationalised, it also suffers from a number of significant limitations. To develop a stronger analytical framework with which to explore CSR, this article draws more deeply on political science literature concerned with governance and public policy analysis. This represents the main purpose of this article. In addition, this article also addresses a second and more modest aim: to reflect on the ways in which relational governance-inspired frameworks could be adapted and applied to politico-economic systems where state-industry-third sector relations differ from those found in North America and Western Europe. Both lines of argument are illustrated using vignettes from a case study of the Evenkia Hydro-Electric Station building project in the Russian Federation.
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Lee, Chi Chuan y 李起銓. "Comparing cost efficiency in Western European banking industries: Using the new metafrontier Fourier flexible cost function". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60467861004253841728.
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博士國立政治大學
金融研究所
101
This paper aims to gain further insights into cost efficiency using the newly developed metafrontier approach under the framework of the Fourier flexible cost frontier for banking industries across 10 Western European nations during the period 1996-2010. Unlike Battese et al. (2004), O’Donnell et al. (2008), and Huang et al. (2011a), who suggest using programming techniques, the stochastic metafrontier is formulated and applied to obtain the technology gap ratio (TGR) for efficiency comparisons among countries. One salient feature of our method is that the TGR can be specified as a function of some exogenous variables that reflect group-specific environmental differences, while the mathematical programming is not allowed to do so. Empirical results show that both TGR and metafrontier cost efficiency (MCE) are underestimated by programming techniques. The TGR and MCE exhibit a gradual upward trend during 1996-2000 and then followed by a downward trend, especially after the subprime crisis of 2007-2010. This suggests that a more integrated financial market is able to improve banking efficiency. Smaller banks tend to be more cost efficient than larger ones. Higher profitable banks and more conservative banks are related to greater efficiency.
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Kelly, Austin. "GIS Least-Cost Route Modeling Of The Proposed Trans-Anatolian Pipeline In Western Turkey". 2014. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/71.
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The routing of the Trans-Anatolian Pipeline plays an important role in the future energy security of the European Union. The natural gas pipeline is planned to run from the natural gas fields in the Caspian Sea through Turkey. This project is a case study for a Geographic Information System (GIS) least-cost route analysis of a section of the proposed pipeline in Western Turkey. The route analysis comprised of weighting multiple types of criteria in a compiled risk assessment map that was analyzed by a least-cost algorithm to display the least hazardous route through the study area. Multiple varieties of criteria were considered such as, lithology, slope of terrain, environmental and social risk factors, e.g. proximity to natural reserves and urban centers, to provide the least hazardous route through the region. The derived least cost paths were more efficient than the proposed route in the relative cost associated with each route.
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CARREIRAS, Helena. "Gender and the military : a comparative study of the partecipation of women in the Armed Forces of western democracies". Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5212.
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Defence date: 12 March 2004Examining Board: Philippe Schmitter (European University Institute, supervisor) ; Donatella della Porta (European University Institute) ; Fabrizio Battistelli (Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza") ; Maria Carrilho (Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisbon)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017