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1
Massmann, Michael. "Co-breaking : representation, estimation and testing". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404345.
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Katragadda, Monica. "User Testing/Co-Design of Current PIVOT Features". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627665047979343.
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Strand, Erlend Barstad. "WISA vs. WLAN: Co-existence challenges : - A tool for WLAN performance testing". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8789.
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Wireless Interface for Sensors and Actuators (WISA) is ABB's proprietary wireless protocol for industrial automation on the factory floor. It operates in the 2.4GHz ISM band. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), which typically occupy a fixed portion of the same 2.4GHz ISM band, are becoming more and more common on the factory floor. This raises a question of co-existence and how the performance of traffic over WLAN is affected when interfered by WISA. This report is a result of the development of a software tool and assembly of hardware that can aid the future testing of the effect WISA has on nearby WLANs. Together with the explanation of the usage of this software tool, this report will also investigate different arrangements of hardware components that are used to demonstrate and test the functionality of this new software tool. The software tool and the hardware components enable the measurement of important traffic metrics between two computers that communicate over a WLAN. The hardware components include a WISA Base Station (BS) that is configurable through the software tool and is used to cause interference on the WLAN.
4
Bustamante, Lauren E. "The Makaa Project : co-design, performance testing, and techno-economics to improve a Ugandan charcoal cookstove". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111768.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-46).
Like many developing nations in Africa, Uganda has a very high reliance on solid fuels such as firewood and charcoal. These solid fuels are used in conjunction with a variety of cooking methods, ranging from three stone fires to improved cookstoves. Appropriate Energy Saving Technologies (AEST) is a social business enterprise that manufactures and distributes the Makaa charcoal cookstove and a long-time partner of MIT's D-Lab. This work is a collaboration with AEST to improve the performance, usability, and manufacturability of the Makaa stove. A one-day co-design workshop was held at the AEST site in Soroti to engage users, fabricators, and AEST employees in brainstorming and investigating opportunities to improve the design of the Makaa stove. While the designs researched at the workshop primarily addressed concerns with usability and manufacturability, two additional designs were selected to be prototyped and tested using the water boil test (WBT) procedure developed by the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves (GACC), which measures the efficiency and emissions of a cookstove. The two prototyped designs used aluminum foil and vermiculite for insulation and were compared to the two Makaa stoves currently in production, the clay and metal grate models. The results from the WBTs were used to calculate the stoves' tier ratings according to the IWA Tiers of Performance, set by the GACC. Detailed techno-economic analyses were also performed in order to calculate the total cost of production for each of the four stove models. Combining the results from the performance testing with the cost analyses revealed that the most cost-effective design is a combination of the metal grate and vermiculite models. This design maximized performance and usability while also minimizing the time and cost of production. Recommendations were made for further prototyping and testing, and a cost-analysis spreadsheet was made available for future techno-economic analysis.
by Lauren E. Bustamante.
S.M.
5
Bocken, Nancy Maria Petronella. "Reducing CO₂ emissions associated with fast moving consumer goods : development and testing of tools and frameworks". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610070.
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Bustamante, Lauren E. "The Makaa Project : co-design, performance testing, and techno-economics to improve a Ugandan charcoal cookstove". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111768.
Texto completoResumen
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-46).
Like many developing nations in Africa, Uganda has a very high reliance on solid fuels such as firewood and charcoal. These solid fuels are used in conjunction with a variety of cooking methods, ranging from three stone fires to improved cookstoves. Appropriate Energy Saving Technologies (AEST) is a social business enterprise that manufactures and distributes the Makaa charcoal cookstove and a long-time partner of MIT's D-Lab. This work is a collaboration with AEST to improve the performance, usability, and manufacturability of the Makaa stove. A one-day co-design workshop was held at the AEST site in Soroti to engage users, fabricators, and AEST employees in brainstorming and investigating opportunities to improve the design of the Makaa stove. While the designs researched at the workshop primarily addressed concerns with usability and manufacturability, two additional designs were selected to be prototyped and tested using the water boil test (WBT) procedure developed by the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves (GACC), which measures the efficiency and emissions of a cookstove. The two prototyped designs used aluminum foil and vermiculite for insulation and were compared to the two Makaa stoves currently in production, the clay and metal grate models. The results from the WBTs were used to calculate the stoves' tier ratings according to the IWA Tiers of Performance, set by the GACC. Detailed techno-economic analyses were also performed in order to calculate the total cost of production for each of the four stove models. Combining the results from the performance testing with the cost analyses revealed that the most cost-effective design is a combination of the metal grate and vermiculite models. This design maximized performance and usability while also minimizing the time and cost of production. Recommendations were made for further prototyping and testing, and a cost-analysis spreadsheet was made available for future techno-economic analysis.
by Lauren E. Bustamante.
S.M.
7
Maggio, Sarah Elizabeth. "DEVELOPMENT OF A TRANSLATIONAL MODEL OF CO-USE OF ALCOHOL AND NICOTINE FOR TESTING POTENTIAL PHARMACOTHERAPIES". UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/167.
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Co-users of alcohol and nicotine are the largest group of polysubstance users worldwide. Although pharmacotherapies are available for alcohol (EtOH) or tobacco use disorders individually, it may be possible to develop a single pharmacotherapy to treat heavy drinking tobacco smokers through capitalizing on the commonalities in their mechanisms of action. Towards this goal, several models of concurrent access to EtOH and nicotine were explored as potential preclinical models of co-use using female alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Additionally, potential pharmacotherapeutics for the treatment of EtOH and nicotine co-use disorder were tested using different variations of our model. Treatments tested included (1) varenicline, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist with high affinity for the α4β2* subtype; (2) r-bPiDI, a subtype-selective antagonist at α6β2* nAChRs; (3) (R)-modafinil, an atypical inhibitor of the dopamine transporter (DAT); and (4) naltrexone, a clinically available µ-opioid receptor antagonist used to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Results from the current dissertation show success in developing a translational animal model in female P rats for co-use of EtOH and nicotine under which pharmacologically relevant levels of both EtOH consumption and nicotine intake are achieved. Additionally, our model was successfully used in testing potential pharmacotherapeutics for the treatment of EtOH and nicotine co-use disorder. Although none of the drugs tested were effective as a monotherapy, results from testing the known smoking cessation agent varenicline and the known AUD treatment naltrexone indicate that our model is effective for selectively measuring changes in EtOH and nicotine intake separately, which suggests the beneficial utility of this model for future treatment research.
Furthermore, by applying behavioral economic principles to our findings, we found that EtOH acts as an economic substitute for nicotine. Additionally, our behavioral economic analyses revealed that when the cost of nicotine is changed via response requirements vs dose per infusion, there are differences in the elasticity of demand for concurrently available EtOH and nicotine. Finally, the relatively flat consumption curve for EtOH following varenicline pretreatment suggests that pretreatment with varenicline acts to disrupt the relationship between EtOH and nicotine such that EtOH no longer acts as an economic substitute for nicotine.
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Salim, Witopo. "CO2-selective Membranes for Fuel Cell H2 Purification and Flue Gas CO2 Capture: From Lab Scale to Field Testing". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514889154359659.
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Leamy, Patrick J. "Preparation, characterization, and in vitro testing of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) and dextran magnetic microspheres for in vivo applications". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000729.
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Willetts, Rachel. "Development of a co-culture model of the human lungs for toxicity testing and identification of biomarkers of inhalation toxicity". Thesis, Aston University, 2012. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/16429/.
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The airway epithelium is the first point of contact in the lung for inhaled material, including infectious pathogens and particulate matter, and protects against toxicity from these substances by trapping and clearance via the mucociliary escalator, presence of a protective barrier with tight junctions and initiation of a local inflammatory response. The inflammatory response involves recruitment of phagocytic cells to neutralise and remove and invading materials and is oftern modelled using rodents. However, development of valid in vitro airway epithelial models is of great importance due to the restrictions on animal studies for cosmetic compound testing implicit in the 7th amendment to the European Union Cosmetics Directive. Further, rodent innate immune responses have fundamental differences to human. Pulmonary endothelial cells and leukocytes are also involved in the innate response initiated during pulmonary inflammation. Co-culture models of the airways, in particular where epithelial cells are cultured at air liquid interface with the presence of tight junctions and differentiated mucociliary cells, offer a solution to this problem. Ideally validated models will allow for detection of early biomarkers of response to exposure and investigation into inflammatory response during exposure. This thesis describes the approaches taken towards developing an in vitro epithelial/endothelial cell model of the human airways and identification biomarkers of response to exposure to xenobiotics. The model comprised normal human primary microvascular endothelial cells and the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B or normal human bronchial epithelial cells. BEAS-2B were chosen as their characterisation at air liquid interface is limited but they are robust in culture, thereby predicted to provide a more reliable test system. Proteomics analysis was undertaken on challenged cells to investigate biomarkers of exposure. BEAS-2B morphology was characterised at air liquid interface compared with normal human bronchial epithelial cells. The results indicate that BEAS-2B cells at an air liquid interface form tight junctions as shown by expression of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1. To this author’s knowledge this is the first time this result has been reported. The inflammatory response of BEAS-2B (measured as secretion of the inflammatory mediators interleukin-8 and -6) air liquid interface mono-cultures to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide or particulate matter (fine and ultrafine titanium dioxide) was comparable to published data for epithelial cells. Cells were also exposed to polymers of “commercial interest” which were in the nanoparticle range (and referred to particles hereafter). BEAS-2B mono-cultures showed an increased secretion of inflammatory mediators after challenge. Inclusion of microvascular endothelial cells resulted in protection against LPS- and particle- induced epithelial toxicity, measured as cell viability and inflammatory response, indicating the importance of co-cultures for investigations into toxicity. Two-dimensional proteomic analysis of lysates from particle-challenged cells failed to identify biomarkers of toxicity due to assay interference and experimental variability. Separately, decreased plasma concentrations of serine protease inhibitors, and the negative acute phase proteins transthyretin, histidine-rich glycoprotein and alpha2-HS glycoprotein were identified as potential biomarkers of methyl methacrylate/ethyl methacrylate/butylacrylate treatment in rats.
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Pieper, Tobias [Verfasser] y Roman [Gutachter] Obermaisser. "Distributed co-simulation framework for hardware- and software-in-the-loop testing of networked embedded real-time systems / Tobias Pieper ; Gutachter: Roman Obermaisser". Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220506214/34.
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Riou, Jérémie. "Multiplicité des tests, et calculs de taille d'échantillon en recherche clinique". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22066/document.
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Ce travail a eu pour objectif de répondre aux problématiques inhérentes aux tests multiples dans le contexte des essais cliniques. A l’heure actuelle un nombre croissant d’essais cliniques ont pour objectif d’observer l’effet multifactoriel d’un produit, et nécessite donc l’utilisation de co-critères de jugement principaux. La significativité de l’étude est alors conclue si et seulement si nous observons le rejet d’au moins r hypothèses nulles parmi les m hypothèses nulles testées. Dans ce contexte, les statisticiens doivent prendre en compte la multiplicité induite par cette pratique. Nous nous sommes consacrés dans un premier temps à la recherche d’une correction exacte pour l’analyse des données et le calcul de taille d’échantillon pour r = 1. Puis nous avons travaillé sur le calcul de taille d’´echantillon pour toutes valeurs de r, quand les procédures en une étape, ou les procédures séquentielles sont utilisées. Finalement nous nous sommes intéressés à la correction du degré de signification engendré par la recherche d’un codage optimal d’une variable explicative continue dans un modèle linéaire généraliséThis work aimed to meet multiple testing problems in clinical trials context. Nowadays, in clinical research it is increasingly common to define multiple co-primary endpoints in order to capture a multi-factorial effect of the product. The significance of the study is concluded if and only if at least r null hypotheses are rejected among the m null hypotheses. In this context, statisticians need to take into account multiplicity problems. We initially devoted our work on exact correction of the multiple testing for data analysis and sample size computation, when r = 1. Then we worked on sample size computation for any values of r, when stepwise and single step procedures are used. Finally we are interested in the correction of significance level generated by the search for an optimal coding of a continuous explanatory variable in generalized linear model
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Susewind, Julia [Verfasser] y Claus-Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Lehr. "A cell line-based co-culture model of the inflamed intestinal mucosa and its application for safety and efficacy testing of nanomaterials / Julia Susewind. Betreuer: Claus-Michael Lehr". Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074404564/34.
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Sainz, De la fuente Graciela. "Pharmacogenetics, controversies and new forms of service delivery in autoimmune diseases, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and non-small-cell lung cancer". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/pharmacogenetics-controversies-and-new-forms-of-service-delivery-in-autoimmune-diseases-acute-lymphoblastic-leukaemia-and-nonsmallcell-lung-cancer(728042d5-476e-479e-ae31-4dd76d29ec0a).html.
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Pharmacogenetics (PGx) and personalised medicine are new disciplines that, gathering the existing knowledge about the genetic and phenotypic factors that underpin drug response, aim to deliver more targeted therapies that avoid the existing problems of adverse drug reactions or lack of drug efficacy. PGx and personalised medicine imply a shift in the way drugs are prescribed, as they require introducing diagnostic tools and implementing pre-screening mechanisms that assess patients' susceptibility to new or existing drugs. The direct benefit is an improvement in drug safety and/or efficacy. However, neither pharmacogenetics nor personalised medicine, are widely used in clinical practice. Both technologies face a number of controversies that hamper their widespread use in clinical practice. This thesis investigates the scientific; technological; social; economic; regulatory and ethical implications of PGx and personalised medicine, to understand the enablers and barriers that drive the process of technology diffusion in three conditions: autoimmune diseases, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and non-small cell lung cancer.The thesis uses concepts of the sociology of science and a qualitative approach, to explore the arguments for and against the use of the technology by different actors (pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, researchers, clinicians, regulators and patient organisations). The core of this analysis lies in the understanding of how, diagnostic testing (TPMT testing in the case of autoimmune diseases, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and EGFR testing in the case of non-small-cell lung cancer) may affect the existing drug development and service delivery mechanisms, with a particular focus on the user-producer interactions and feedback mechanisms that underpin diffusion of medical innovations and technological change in medicine.The thesis concludes by identifying gaps in knowledge and common issues among TPMT and EGFR testing, which might be used, in the future, to inform policy on how to improve PGx service delivery through a public Health System such as the NHS.
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Savel, Daniel M. "Towards a Human Genomic Coevolution Network". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1524241451267546.
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Miller, Harvey (Beau) S. Jr. "Instability and Failure in Aluminum Multi-Channel Tubing". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1142015138.
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Sygnecka, Katja. "Organotypic brain slice co-cultures of the dopaminergic system - A model for the identification of neuroregenerative substances and cell populations". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-188897.
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The development of new therapeutical approaches, devised to foster the regeneration of neuronal circuits after injury and/or in neurodegenerative diseases, is of great importance. The impairment of dopaminergic projections is especially severe, because these projections are involved in crucial brain functions such as motor control, reward and cognition. In the work presented here, organotypic brain slice co-cultures of (a) the mesostriatal and (b) the mesocortical dopaminergic projection systems consisting of tissue sections of the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN), in combination with the target regions of (a) the striatum (STR) or (b) the prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively, were used to evaluate different approaches to stimulate neurite outgrowth: (i) inhibition of cAMP/cGMP turnover with 3’,5’ cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is), (ii) blockade of calcium currents with nimodipine, and (iii) the co-cultivation with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BM-MSCs). The neurite growth-promoting properties of the tested substances and cell populations were analyzed by neurite density quantification in the border region between the two brain slices, using biocytin tracing or tyrosine hydroxylase labeling and automated image processing procedures. In addition, toxicological tests and gene expression analyses were conducted.
(i) PDE-Is were applied to VTA/SN+STR rat co-cultures. The quantification of neurite density after both biocytin tracing and tyrosine hydroxylase labeling revealed a growth promoting effect of the PDE2A-Is BAY60-7550 and ND7001. The application of the PDE10-I MP-10 did not alter neurite density in comparison to the vehicle control.
(ii) The effects of nimodipine were evaluated in VTA/SN+PFC rat co-cultures. A neurite growth-promoting effect of 0.1 µM and 1 µM nimodipine was demonstrated in a projection system of the CNS. In contrast, the application of 10 µM nimodipine did not alter neurite density, compared to the vehicle control, but induced the activation of the apoptosis marker caspase 3. The expression levels of the investigated genes, including Ca2+ binding proteins (Pvalb, S100b), immediate early genes (Arc, Egr1, Egr2, Egr4, Fos and JunB), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin components (Mal, Mog, Plp1) were not significantly changed (with the exception of Egr4) by the treatment with 0.1 µM and 1 µM nimodipine.
(iii) Bulk BM-MSCs that were classically isolated by plastic adhesion were compared to the subpopulation Sca-1+Lin-CD45--derived MSCs (SL45-MSCs). The neurite growth-promoting properties of both MSC populations were quantified in VTA/SN+PFC mouse co-cultures. For this purpose, the MSCs were seeded on glass slides that were placed underneath the co-cultures. A significantly enhanced neurite density within the co-cultures was induced by both bulk BM-MSCs and SL45-MSCs. SL45-MSCs increased neurite density to a higher degree. The characterization of both MSC populations revealed that the frequency of fibroblast colony forming units (CFU-f ) is 105-fold higher in SL45-MSCs. SL45-MSCs were morphologically more homogeneous and expressed higher levels of nestin, BDNF and FGF2 compared to bulk BM-MSCs.
Thus, this work emphasizes the vast potential for molecular targeting with respect to the development of therapeutic strategies in the enhancement of neurite regrowth.
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Wan, Xiao. "Development of advanced three-dimensional tumour models for anti-cancer drug testing". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5342fe46-c676-4fe8-8b6e-96d17a18d17d.
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Animal testing is still the common method to test the efficacy of new drugs, but tissue engineered in vitro models are becoming more acceptable for replacing and reducing animal testing in anti-cancer drug screening by developing in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tumour models for anti-cancer drug testing. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) culture methods were developed to mimic the tumour microenvironment. 3D culturing is to seed, maintain and expand cultured cells in three-dimensional space, in contrast to the traditional two-dimensional (2D) method in which the cells attach to the bottom of culture containers as monolayers. To mimic the intercellular interplay for tumour study, cell co-culture was applied. In this thesis, perfusion culture showed a better homeostasis for 3D tumour model growth over 17 days, with a more controllable working platform and a more reliable response-dose correlation for data interpretation. In the Matrigel sandwich system, the co-culture of breast cancer cells and endothelial cells demonstrated the morphology featuring a vascular network and tumour structures, with the thickness of the three-dimensional structure around 100µm and tubule length 200-400 µm, and maintained for 10 days. The comparisons studies between Matrigel sandwich and other methods suggest that though not fully characterised, Matrigel is still a valuable scaffold choice for developing co-culture 3D tumour model. Finally, the combination of perfusion and co-culture showed the potential of applying this model in angiogenesis assay, with a drug response profile combining cell viability and morphology to mimic in vivo tumour physiology.
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Spiteri, Tania. "Neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristics of change of direction and agility performance". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1662.
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Study 1: The contribution of strength characteristics to change of direction and agility performance in female basketball athletes
Research has often examined the relationship between one or two measures of strength and change of direction (COD) ability, reporting inconsistent relationships to performance. These inconsistences may be the result of the strength assessment utilized and the assumption that one measure of strength can represent all “types” of strength required during a COD task. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between several lower body strength and power measures, COD, and agility performance. Twelve (n=12) female basketball athletes completed a maximal dynamic back squat, isometric mid-thigh pull, eccentric and concentric only back squat, and a counter-movement jump, followed by two COD tests (505 and T-Test) and a reactive agility test. Pearson product moment correlation and stepwise regression analysis were performed on all variables. The percentage contribution of each strength measure to an athlete’s total strength score was also determined. Our results demonstrated that both COD tests were significantly correlated to maximal dynamic, isometric, concentric and eccentric strength (r = -0.79 to -0.89), with eccentric strength identified as the sole predictor of COD performance. Agility performance did not correlate with any measure of strength (r = -0.08 to -0.36), while lower body power demonstrated no correlation to either agility or COD performance (r = -0.19 to -0.46). These findings demonstrate the importance of multiple strength components for COD ability, highlighting eccentric strength as a deterministic factor of COD performance. Coaches should aim to develop a well-rounded strength base in athletes; ensuring eccentric strength is developed as effectively as the often-emphasized concentric or overall dynamic strength capacity.
Study 2: Mechanical determinants of faster change of direction and agility performance in female basketball athletes
Change of direction (COD) and agility require the integration of multiple components to produce a faster performance. However, the mechanisms contributing to a faster performance without the confounding factor of athlete expertise or gender is currently unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess body composition, strength and kinetic profile required for a faster COD and agility performance across multiple directional changes. Six faster and six slower (n=12) elite female basketball athletes completed a maximal dynamic back squat; eccentric and concentric only back squat; isometric mid-thigh pull; whole body scan to determine lean, fat and total mass; 505 COD test; T-Test; and a multidirectional agility test over in-ground force plates to obtain relevant kinetic measures. Group (faster and slower) by test (2x3) MANOVA’s with follow up ANOVA’s were conducted to examine differences between faster and slower groups and each COD and agility test (p ≤ 0.05). Faster athletes during the 505 COD test produced significantly greater vertical force (p = 0.002) and eccentric and isometric strength capacity (p = 0.001). Faster agility and T-Test athletes demonstrated significantly shorter contact times (p = 0.001), greater propulsive impulse (p = 0.02), isometric strength, and relative lean mass compared to slower athletes. Differences between faster athletes across each test appear to be attributed to the mechanical demands of the directional change, increasing force and impulse application as the degree of directional change increased. These findings indicate that different mechanical properties are required to produce a faster COD and agility performances, and the importance of a greater strength capacity to enable greater mechanical adjustment via force production and body control, during different directional changes.
Study 3: Neuromuscular strategies contributing to faster multidirectional agility performance
The aim of this study was to first determine differences in neuromuscular strategy between a faster and slower agility performance, and second compare differences in muscle activation strategy employed when performing two closely executed agility movements. Participants recruited from an elite female basketball team completed an ultrasound to determine quadriceps muscle-cross sectional area; reactive isometric mid-thigh pull to determine the rate of muscle activation, rate of force development, pre-motor time and motor time; and multidirectional agility tests completing two directional changes in response to a visual stimulus. Peak and average relative muscle activation of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus and gastrocnemius were measured 100 ms prior to heel strike (pre-heel strike) and across stance phase for both directional changes. Faster agility performance was characterized by greater pre-heel strike muscle activity and greater anterior muscle activation during stance phase resulting in greater hip and knee extension increasing propulsive impulse. Differences between directional changes appear to result from processing speed, where a greater delay in refractory times during the second directional change resulted in greater anterior muscle activation, decelerating the body whilst movement direction was determined
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Bernardinello, Martina. "Optimization of a high performance engine GDI Wet System and its control via virtual analysis and experimental tests". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24587/.
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This thesis describes a combined 1-D numerical and experimental analysis of a GDI injection system.
The aim is to design the GDI injection system to have the minimum injection variability between injectors. This is possible analysing the rail pressure waves that affect the injections. Thanks to a MATLAB numerical code the results coming from a first calibration attempt were compared with experimental data to verify the reliability of the acquired results. They were calculated after specific tests made on the hydraulic test bench developed at Lamborghini. Different configurations were studied changing the system geometry, such as rail diameter, high pressure pipe length and inlet position inside the rail, flow-restrictor diameter at the end of high pressure pipe. Eight different configurations were analysed and the one that showed the lowest CoV of injection was proposed as a final design.
Then a 1-D numerical analysis of the GDI injection system was developed on the chosen configuration with the aim of predicting pressure waves propagation phenomena and the injected mass flow rate.
The focus of the 1-D analysis is to verify through the comparison between simulated values and experimental ones if the model predicts accurately the physics of the system, in order to use it on a wider range of operating points.
The following step consisted in controlling the GDI pump in MIL environment through a cosimulation between high pressure system model built in GT-ISE and control model made with Simulink. The high pressure control model was developed and validated. The aim was to have a closed loop control of the rail pressure using the same ECU control strategy. The main task of the control is to actuate the angle, respect to pump TDC, the MSV valve had to be closed to make the actual pressure follow the target one. The control model and the simulation in MIL environment are very useful since they help on the precalibration of ECU functions, reducing testing activities.
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Price, Robert. "Metal/metal oxide co-impregnated lanthanum strontium calcium titanate anodes for solid oxide fuel cells". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16018.
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are electrochemical energy conversion devices which allow fuel gases, e.g. hydrogen or natural gas, to be converted to electricity and heat at much high efficiencies than combustion-based energy conversion technologies. SOFC are particularly suited to employment in stationary energy conversion applications, e.g. micro-combined heat and power (μ-CHP) and base load, which are certain to play a large role in worldwide decentralisation of power distribution and supply over the coming decades. Use of high-temperature SOFC technology within these systems is also a vital requirement in order to utilise fuel gases which are readily available in different areas of the world. Unfortunately, the limiting factor to the long-term commercialisation of SOFC systems is the redox instability, coking intolerance and sulphur poisoning of the state-of-the-art Ni-based cermet composite anode material. This research explores the ‘powder to power' development of alternative SOFC anode catalyst systems by impregnation of an A-site deficient La0.20Sr0.25Ca0.45TiO3 (LSCT[sub](A-)) anode ‘backbone' microstructure with coatings of ceria-based oxide ion conductors and metallic electrocatalyst particles, in order to create a SOFC anode which exhibits high redox stability, tolerance to sulphur poisoning and low voltage degradation rates under operating conditions. A 75 weight percent (wt. %) solids loading LSCT[sub](A-) ink, exhibiting ideal properties for screen printing of thick-film SOFC anode layers, was screen printed with 325 and 230 mesh counts (per inch) screens onto electrolyte supports. Sintering of anode layers between 1250 °C and 1350 °C for 1 to 2 hours indicated that microstructures printed with the 230 mesh screen provided a higher porosity and improved grain connectivity than those printed with the 325 mesh screen. Sintering anode layers at 1350 °C for 2 hours provided an anode microstructure with an advantageous combination of lateral grain connectivity and porosity, giving rise to an ‘effective' electrical conductivity of 17.5 S cm−1 at 850 °C. Impregnation of this optimised LSCT[sub](A-) anode scaffold with 13-16 wt. % (of the anode mass) Ce0.80Gd0.20O1.90 (CGO) and either Ni (5 wt. %), Pd, Pt, Rh or Ru (2-3 wt. %) and integration into SOFC resulted in achievement of Area Specific Resistances (ASR) of as low as 0.39 Ω cm−2, using thick (160 μm) 6ScSZ electrolytes. Durability testing of SOFC with Ni/CGO, Ni/CeO2, Pt/CGO and Rh/CGO impregnated LSCT[sub](A-) anodes was subsequently carried out in industrial button cell test rigs at HEXIS AG, Winterthur, Switzerland. Both Ni/CGO and Pt/CGO cells showed unacceptable levels of degradation (14.9% and 13.4%, respectively) during a ~960 hour period of operation, including redox/thermo/thermoredox cycling treatments. Significantly, by exchanging the CGO component for the CeO2 component in the SOFC containing Ni, the degradation over the same time period was almost halved. Most importantly, galvanostatic operation of the SOFC with a Rh/CGO impregnated anode for >3000 hours (without cycling treatments) resulted in an average voltage degradation rate of < 1.9% kh−1 which, to the author's knowledge, has not previously been reported for an alternative, SrTiO3-based anode material. Finally, transfer of the Rh/CGO impregnated LSCT[sub](A-) anode to industrial short stack (5 cells) scale at HEXIS AG revealed that operation in relevant conditions, with low gas flow rates, resulted in accelerated degradation of the Rh/CGO anode. During a 1451 hour period of galvanostatic operation, with redox cycles and overload treatments, a voltage degradation of 19.2% was observed. Redox cycling was noted to briefly recover performance of the stack before rapidly degrading back to the pre-redox cycling performance, though redox cycling does not affect this anode detrimentally. Instead, a more severe, underlying degradation mechanism, most likely caused by instability and agglomeration of Rh nanoparticles under operating conditions, is responsible for this observed degradation. Furthermore, exposure of the SOFC to fuel utilisations of >100% (overloading) had little effect on the Rh/CGO co-impregnated LSCT[sub](A-) anodes, giving a direct advantage over the standard HEXIS SOFC. Finally, elevated ohmic resistances caused by imperfect contacting with the Ni-based current collector materials highlighted that a new method of current collection must be developed for use with these anode materials.
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Corteggiani, Nassim. "Towards system-wide security analysis of embedded systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS285.
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Cette thèse se consacre à l'amélioration des techniques d'analyse dynamiques permettant la vérification de logiciels conçus pour des systèmes embarqués, couramment appelé micrologiciel. Au vu de l'augmentation significative de la connectivité des appareils électroniques, les préoccupations concernant leur sécurité s'intensifient. Les conséquences d'une faille de sécurité sur ces appareils peuvent impliquer des répercussions économiques non négligeables et des difficultés techniques importantes pour appliquer un correctif. C’est le cas notamment des amorceurs de code qui sont généralement stockés sur des mémoires mortes et intégrées dans les couches physiques qui constituent le microcontrôleur. Par conséquent, l’analyse de code source spécifique aux systèmes embarqués pendant la phase de production des micro-contrôleurs est cruciale. Cette thèse présente des techniques d'analyse afin de tester la sécurité de composants logiciel et matériel à l'échelle du système. En particulier, nous nous intéressons aux techniques de test basé sur l'émulation partielle dont nous améliorons les capacités avec trois nouvelles approches. Premièrement, Inception un outil d’analyse dynamique permettant d’appliquer des méthodes de tests exhaustifs (exécution symbolique) sur le code source de micrologiciel même lorsque ce dernier dépend de code plus bas niveau (exemple, code binaire ou assembleur). Deuxièmement, une sonde haute performance basé sur le protocol USB 3.0 afin de réduire la latence lors des communications entre l'outil d'analyse et le vrai matériel. Troisièmement, HardSnap une méthode permettant de générer des instantanés des périphériques matériel afin d'augmenter le contrôle et la visibilité lors de l'exécution symbolique. Cet outil permet de réaliser une exploration concurrente de plusieurs chemins d'exécution sans inconsistanceThis thesis is dedicated to the improvement of dynamic analysis techniques allowing the verification of software designed for embedded systems, commonly called firmware. It is clear that the increasing pervasiveness and connectivity of embedded devices significantly increase their exposure to attacks. The consequences of a security issue can be dramatic not least in the economical field, but on the technical stage as well. Especially because of the difficulty to patch some devices. For instance, offline devices or code stored in a mask rom which are read only memory programmed during the chip fabrication. For all these reasons, it is important to thoughtfully test firmware program before the manufacturing process. This thesis presents analysis methods for system-wide testing of security and hardware components. In particular, we propose three impvrovements for partial emulation. First, Inception a dynamic analysis tool to test the security of firmware programs even when mixing different level of semantic (e.g., C/C++ mixed with assembly). Second, Steroids a high performance USB 3.0 probe that aims at minimizing the latency between the analyzer and the real device. Finally, HardSnap a hardware snapshotting method that offers higher visibility and control over the hardware peripherals. It enables testing concurently different execution paths without corrupting the hardware peripherals state
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Hassila, Karlsson Carl Johan. "Tribological testing of top hammer drill buttons". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-280881.
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In the present work further modifications are implemented to an existing test setup for the evaluation of the wear of cemented carbide drill buttons in rock drilling applications. The test setup has been evaluated in previous diploma works, which has shown that the test successfully mimics the wear seen in rock drilling applications. The new modifications include friction and normal force measurements together with the collection of rock debris. This has been made possible by redesigning the sample holder and by manufacturing equipment making rock debris collection possible. The new modifications to the test setup were evaluated by comparing the wear of three different cemented carbide grades tested against sandstone and granite with two different loads. The data collected from the new modifications were found to be robust with lower than expected spread of data. The coefficient of friction when testing against sandstone was higher than when testing against granite. More adhered material was observed on the wear surface when testing against granite than against sandstone. Load dependence on the wear of the cemented carbide buttons is only seen for the softer cemented carbide grades when testing against sandstone. The wear of the buttons indicates a high dependence on the hardness of the different grades as shouldbe expected. This diploma work has been performed for Sandvik Mining, Rock Tools,a world leading supplier of rock drill equipment.
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Liu, Jianbin, Benjamin Beck, Jakob Münch, André Grosa, Roman Kahle, Jürgen Weber y Thomas Herlitzius. "Agrothermie - design and testing of a novel hydraulically-actuated, locally vibrating plough". Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71220.
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Economic utilization of geothermal networks under agricultural surfaces needs large agricultural areas. In order to exploit the cultivated land more effectively, this paper proposes a novel locally vibrating plough system that employs a hydraulic actuator direct on the plough blade instead of the state of the art external vibration units. Starting with a description of geothermal networks under agricultural surfaces and the construction technology in details, the contribution shows different concepts, the development and test of the most promising solution for imprinting local vibrations at the cutting edge with the goal of traction force reduction. A virtual demonstrator, the test rig set-up and the control concepts are described. Both of the closed-loop simulation and experimental position control of the entire vibration system demonstrate that the novel design has impressive performance improvement. Finally, the integration of the vibration system into a prototype tool is shown and the reduction of the traction force is proven by experiments carried out with a tractor on a testing field.
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Ramanathan, Sathish Kumar. "Linear Acoustic Modelling and Testing of Exhaust Mufflers". Thesis, KTH, Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4340.
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Intake and Exhaust system noise makes a huge contribution to the interior and exterior noise of automobiles. There are a number of linear acoustic tools developed by institutions and industries to predict the acoustic properties of intake and exhaust systems. The present project discusses and validates, through measurements, the proper modelling of these systems using BOOST-SID and discusses the ideas to properly convert a geometrical model of an exhaust muffler to an acoustic model. The various elements and their properties are also discussed.
When it comes to Acoustic properties there are several parameters that describe the performance of a muffler, the Transmission Loss (TL) can be useful to check the validity of a mathematical model but when we want to predict the actual acoustic behavior of a component after it is installed in a system and subjected to operating conditions then we have to determine other properties like Attenuation, Insertion loss etc,.
Zero flow and Mean flow (M=0.12) measurements of these properties were carried out for mufflers ranging from simple expansion chambers to complex geometry using two approaches 1) Two Load technique 2) Two Source location technique. For both these cases, the measured transmission losses were compared to those obtained from BOOST-SID models.
The measured acoustic properties compared well with the simulated model for almost all the cases.
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Imrich, Kenneth J. "The SCC behavior of austenitic alloys in an oxygen-free CO₂ environment containing chloride ions". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77903.
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Stress-corrosion cracking of austenitic alloys in an oxygen-free carbon dioxide environment containing chloride ions was studied under static conditions. Stiffness and X-ray measurements supported results obtained from SEM photomicrographs indicating that the CT specimens loaded to a stress intensity of 22 ksi-in.5 were not susceptible to SCC in this environment. These alloys were also evaluated for their SCC resistance in boiling MgCl₂ and NaCl solutions. Results of this study indicated that alloys containing higher nickel contents were more resistant to chloride SCC.Master of Science
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TALLARICO, LENITA de F. "Efeito letal dominante da radiacao gama de sup(60)Co em Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11119.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09247.pdf: 4937789 bytes, checksum: 5b8fd693e620f9b98224e5ae5b5dcc07 (MD5)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Kley, Katharina. "Interactional competence in paired speaking tests: role of paired task and test-taker speaking ability in co-constructed discourse". Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1663.
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This dissertation centers on the under-researched construct of interactional competence, which refers to features of jointly constructed discourse. When applied to the testing of speaking skills in a second language, interactional competence refers to features of the discourse that the two students produce together; rather than the speaking ability or performance of each person individually. This dissertation describes the construct of interactional competence in a low-stakes, paired speaking test setting targeted at students in their second year of German instruction at the college level.
The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, the study analyzes the conversational resources that are co-constructed in the test discourse to maintain mutual understanding, which is considered the basis for interactional competence. Second, the study examines the impact of task (jigsaw task and discussion task) and speaking ability-level combination (same and different ability) in the test-taker pair on the co-constructed test discourse and thus on the deployment of the conversational resources to maintain intersubjectivity. In that respect, this study also seeks to analyze how the identified conversational resources are involved in establishing and negotiating language ability identities that are displayed in the test discourse.
Conversation analytic conventions were used to investigate the interactional resources that test takers deploy to maintain mutual understanding. The procedures of repair (self-repair in response to other-initiated repair, inter-turn delays, and misunderstandings as well as other-repair in conjunction with word search activities) that emerged from the inductive analysis of the test discourse have broadened the conceptualization of interactional competence in the context of paired speaking assessments.
Frequency distributions of the interactional resources were created to provide a better understanding of the impact of task and ability-level combination on the co-constructed repair procedures. The rationale behind this analysis is the general understanding of language testers that both resources and context influence test performance. The findings from the quantitative analysis suggest that there are more similarities than differences in repair use across the jigsaw task and the discussion task. In addition, even though some trends in the co-construction of repair procedures may be attributed to the higher or lower speaking ability of the test takers, the relationship between the ability-level combination in the pair and the use of repair seems to be rather variable.
Finally, to learn more about the interrelationship between test takers’ speaking ability and interactional competence, this dissertation also approached speaking ability in terms of test takers’ co-constructed language ability identities that are displayed in the test discourse. By means of single case analyses, the study provided a detailed picture of the relationship between language ability identities and the procedures of repair, both of which are co-constructed at the discourse level. The findings from the conversation analysis show that the speaker who provides the repair is usually able to position himself or herself as the more competent or proficient speaker in the test discourse.
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Liley, Albert James. "Statistical co-analysis of high-dimensional association studies". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270628.
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Modern medical practice and science involve complex phenotypic definitions. Understanding patterns of association across this range of phenotypes requires co-analysis of high-dimensional association studies in order to characterise shared and distinct elements. In this thesis I address several problems in this area, with a general linking aim of making more efficient use of available data. The main application of these methods is in the analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and similar studies. Firstly, I developed methodology for a Bayesian conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) for levering GWAS results using summary statistics from a related disease. I extended an existing method to enable a shared control design, increasing power and applicability, and developed an approximate bound on false-discovery rate (FDR) for the procedure. Using the new method I identified several new variant-disease associations. I then developed a second application of shared control design in the context of study replication, enabling improvement in power at the cost of changing the spectrum of sensitivity to systematic errors in study cohorts. This has application in studies on rare diseases or in between-case analyses. I then developed a method for partially characterising heterogeneity within a disease by modelling the bivariate distribution of case-control and within-case effect sizes. Using an adaptation of a likelihood-ratio test, this allows an assessment to be made of whether disease heterogeneity corresponds to differences in disease pathology. I applied this method to a range of simulated and real datasets, enabling insight into the cause of heterogeneity in autoantibody positivity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Finally, I investigated the relation of subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) to adult diseases, using modified genetic risk scores and linear discriminants in a penalised regression framework. The contribution of this thesis is in a range of methodological developments in the analysis of high-dimensional association study comparison. Methods such as these will have wide application in the analysis of GWAS and similar areas, particularly in the development of stratified medicine.
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McFerran, Ethna. "Health economic evaluation of alternatives to current surveillance in colorectal adenoma at risk of colorectal cancer". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.766286.
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The thesis provides a comprehensive overview of key issues affecting practice, policy and patients, in current efforts for colorectal cancer (CRC) disease control. The global burden of CRC is expected to increase by 60% to more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths by 2030. CRC incidence and mortality rates vary up to 10-fold worldwide, which is thought to reflect variation in lifestyles, especially diet. Better primary prevention, and more effective early detection, in screening and surveillance, are needed to reduce the number of patients with CRC in future1. The risk factors for CRC development include genetic, behavioural, environmental and socio-economic factors. Changes to surveillance, which offer non-invasive testing and provide primary prevention interventions represent promising opportunities to improve outcomes and personalise care in those at risk of CRC. By systematic review of the literature, I highlight the gaps in comparative effectiveness analyses of post-polypectomy surveillance. Using micro-simulation methods I assess the role of non-invasive, faecal immunochemical testing in surveillance programmes, to optimise post-polypectomy surveillance programmes, and in an accompanying sub-study, I explore the value of adding an adjunct diet and lifestyle intervention. The acceptability of such revisions is exposed to patient preference evaluation by discrete choice experiment methods. These preferences are accompanied by evidence generated from the prospective evaluation of the health literacy, numeracy, sedentary behaviour levels, body mass index (BMI) and information provision about cancer risk factors, to highlight the potential opportunities for personalisation and optimisation of surveillance. Additional analysis examines the optimisation of a screening programme facing colonoscopy constraints, highlighting the attendant potential to reduce costs and save lives within current capacity.
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Domingues, Mariana Miranda. "Development of triple co-culture breast cancer spheroids for testing nanomedicines". Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/137306.
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Chan, Kun-Chih y 詹焜智. "The Co-opetition Strategies of Semi-conductors Testing Company — ChipMOS Technologies Inc. Case". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85669421845111085765.
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碩士國立交通大學
高階主管管理學程碩士班
89
The Co-opetition Strategies of Semi-conductors Testing Company — ChipMOS Technologies Inc. Case Student: Kun-Chih Chan Advisor: Dr. Po-Young Chu Institute of Executive Master of Business Administration National Chiao Tung University ABSTRACT The world-wide semi-conductor was in the bottom of down cycle during year 1997 to 1998, the back-end testing house was seriously impacted in a significant way especially those companies whose products line are mainly for memory related. The stock price of those companies was in the lowest level due to the down stream of the worldwide semi-conductor market. Fortunately, the IC market was back again by the 2nd quarter in 1999. The demand and supply of Dram was getting balance. The Dram companies became profitable in the 2nd half of year 1999. With a great growth, there were 33 testing houses in Taiwan by end of year 1999, compared with that of the year 1998. Total employees reached to 7,389. The total revenue of those companies only contributed 4.3% to all over revenue of Taiwan IC industry. The ratio will be increased gradually for the trend of the release of subcontracting orders from the Integrated Design & Manufacturing companies worldwide. The development strategies of world-wide IDM companies follow the following trends started in 1999: the re-construction of organization to incorporate with the cost down pressure; merger and acquisition project in vogue; the alliance between companies, the Dram revenue has been reduced in some IDM companies; the development of SOC and MCM becomes mature; the volume of out-sourcing increase and product trend toward to IA related. Because of the IC fabricate technology rapidly enhanced, the SOC solution becomes popular and applicable, which induced the difficulty of assembly manufacturing due to thermal removal problem and the increase of the outer pin number. So, how to resolve the thermal issue and shrink the package size becomes the direction of future technology development in Taiwan assembly industry. The following assembly packages will be future stars: Thermally Enhanced Package, Flip Chip BGA, Chip Scale Package, Wafer-level CSP and Flip Chip. With the coming of copper process and SOC solutions, the chip operating frequency will getting faster and faster and the chip circuit is getting complex, so that the testing methodology is driven by the increasing testing difficulty. For example, inside the chip DFT (design-for-testability) technology is used to improve the controllability and observability by adding some additional circuit, and BIST (built-in Self-test) is used to reduce the testing time by adding some self-test circuit in a chip. So, the testing trend in the future is toward wafer-level testing and burn-in solutions. By the study of strategies of the case company, ChipMOS’s strategies can be summarized as follow: The Strategies of Marketing Growth: to strengthen the relationship with its strategic alliances; to enhance her research and development capability; to keep the leadership of the testing and assembly field; to keep an eye on high-growth or potential customers and to expand her testing and assembly service for TCP (Tape Carrier Package) area. Operating Strategies: to maintain high utilization of testers; to raise the efficiency of operators; to simplify the tester brand; to maintain a good relationship with equipment vendors and to patronize and assist local equipment vendors. Research and Development Strategies: to research & develop the new technology continuously in testing & assembly area; to enforce engineers to file more patent applications; to enhance the co-operation with government research organization; to enhance the co-join research programs with universities; moreover, to continuously devote to develop the environmental protection related processes such as lead-free and halogen-free process. In sum, as the testing house is a service company without her own products, the key factors to success are: Firstly, economic mass production scale together with the CEO’s strong inspiration and insight; An experienced operation team together with perfect management system; Excellent engineering capability and strong research & development team; Finally, having an strategic alliance with some IDM manufacturing companies will be a plus.
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Machio, Christopher Nyongesa. "Preparation, characterisation and testing of WC-VC-CO HP/HV of thermal spray coatings". Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1827.
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Student Number : 0109917P -
PhD thesis -
School of Process and Materials Engineering -
Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentThe aim of this project was to characterise new WC-10VC-Co powders, and to deposit WC-10VC-Co thermal spray coatings from these powders for characterisation and testing in adhesion, wear and corrosion tests. Throughout the project, the new powders and coatings were compared to commercial WC-Co powders of the same binder content and commercial WC-Co thermal spray coatings. All the powders i.e WC-10VC-Co and WC-Co powders, were produced by agglomeration (by spray drying) and sintering and characaterised by determining the sizes and size distributions of the powders' particles, the morphology, the flowability and the phase composition and grain size and size distribution of carbide grains. The vanadium carbide in the WC-10VC-Co powders occurred in the solution as the double carbide (V,W)C and the carbides present in the WC-10VC-Co powders were WC and (V,W)C. None of the starting VC was left in the powders. Coatings were deposited using high pressure high velocity oxy-fuel (HP/HVOF) spraying systems, and characterized by determining the microstructures, the phase compositions and the carbide grain sizes, as had been done for the powders. Three types of tests were done on the coatings: adhesion tests, (according to standard SNECMA 14 -008); dry abrasion, wet abrasion and slurry erosion tests; and corrosion tests, in synthetic mione water. Thermal spraying lead to some WC decarburization to W2C and eta phase, and to the formation of amorphous binder. The W2C grains from the WC decarburization formed in the amorphous binder matrix of coatings. All the coatinge were porous, but the new WC-10VC-Co coatings were more porous than the commercial Wc-Co coatings because the spray parameters had only been optimized for the WC-Co coatings. The carbide grains decreased in size by as much as 50% during decomposition. Evidence suggested that the WC grains in the coatings were subjected to different residual stresses that in the powders, probably due to the formation of the amorphous binder. Vanadium carbide in the Wc-10VC-Co coatings occurred as (V,W)C, just as in the powders, with as distribution that was reasonably homogeneous. The apparent hardness of the new Wc-10VC-Co coatings was slightly lower than that of WC-Co coatings of the same cobalt content, due to their higher porosity. The adhesion of the new Wc-10VC-Co coatings was as good as that of the Wc-Co coatings. The dry and wet abrasion resistance of the new Wc-10VC-Co coatings was better that for the Wc-Co coatings of equal Co wt%, on account of the Wc-10VC-Co coatings having a lower binder volume fraction, finer carbide grains, and (V,W)C grains. The (V,W)C grains are harder than WC grains and apparently slowed down the overall abrasion rate. In slurry erosion, the best performance of the Wc-10VC-Co coatings was as good as that of the commercial WC-Co coatings at equal cobalt mass content, due to the higher porosity of the Wc-10VC-Co coatings, apparent faster erosion of the harder but brittle (V,W)C grains, and, from what evidence appreared to suggest, generally slightly poorer erosion resistance of the fine WC grains under the test conditions used. Polishing the slurry erosion test specimens reduced mass losses in slurry erosion by factor of up to 10 compared to the unpolished specimens, and led to better erosion resistance of the WC-10VC-Co coating compared to the WC-12Co coating. The results of the tests done to investigate the corrosion properties of the coatings were conclusive. This is because the effects of cleaning procedures on mass loss after immersion corrosion were not explored, and it appeared, for some coatings, that the corrosion mechanisms in immersion corrosion could not be reproduced in electrochemical testing.
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Chen, Wen-Tang y 陳文棠. "The Co-opetition Research under Over-supply Circumstance, Case of LTE Wireless Testing Laboratory". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9vd4b3.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
商業自動化與管理研究所
98
As the mature of 3G system and smart phone, more demands for large data wireless broadband are gradually arising. Among new emerging wireless broadband technologies, the LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the most popular technology which have been selected by most of operators as 4G technology to deploy in coming years. Among telecommunication eco system, conformance testing is one of the most important R&D processes to ensure device compliance to specifications, thus the need of LTE conformance testing facility is indeed valid to wireless industry. Without LTE conformance laboratory, then Taiwan mobile industry may occur extra cost and lead-time for LTE R&D due to overseas testing, such situation may not be positive to general Taiwan LTE eco system. Taiwan wireless testing laboratories have been through a long period of over-supply and price competition, therefore most of wireless laboratories didn’t have good ROI (return of investment) on their 2G and 3G investment. But as the nature technology update on mobile phone, so the current 2G/3G phone will naturedly upgrade to 2G/3G/LTE multi-modes phone. Which mean consequently 2G/3G wireless laboratory would need to upgrade to LTE to handle new LTE testing demands. LTE conformance facility mean a big investment to wireless laboratory, but the ROI remain unknown just like current 2G/3G testing, mostly due to circumstance of over-supply on testing may repeat again in LTE era. So most wireless laboratories are hesitating for LTE investment, but if don’t invest then new LTE testing can’t be secured, could eventually jeopardize 2G/3G investment, thus DO or NOT DO is a strategy dilemma to wireless laboratory, and as LTE deployment is approaching, timely decision is another key for laboratories. Based on above dilemma, this research adopting the Value Net concept of Co-opetition theory, to sort out cooperation alternatives via deep interview with different roles of Value Net, including Supplier, Competitor and Complementor, then to summarize alternatives for wireless testing laboratories to compete healthily, and also able to cooperate under certain mechanism toward a positive ROI for LTE investment. And for academic purpose, also prove that competition with cooperation is better than those without cooperation.
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Alade, Rachel. "Cervical co-testing for the early detection of intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-positive women". Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/16347.
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CONTEXT & OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess whether HIV+ women at Boston Medical Center had an increased likelihood of developing intraepithelial neoplastic changes in the up to 6 years following a normal Pap smear and negative HPV (Human Papillomavirus) test when compared to the general population. The development of the neoplastic changes was also compared in HIV+ women with positive or negative HPV results.
DESIGN & SETTING: We performed a retrospective chart review of the patient records of HIV+ women at Boston Medical Center.
METHODS: HIV+ women, aged ¡Ý 30, screened between 2008-2010, with a normal cervical cytology result (Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy) and a concurrent HPV testing result and at least one subsequent cytology result were identified through the electronic medical record data warehouse at a single institution. These women were divided into two groups based on their HPV test result, either positive or negative. The medical records of these women were then evaluated through the end of 2014. The primary endpoint was the diagnosis of CIN-2 or 3, and the secondary endpoint was the diagnosis of other high-grade anogenital dysplasia. We examined the distribution of outcomes with a Chi-squared test or Fischer¡¯s test for discrete values and Student t-test for continuous data. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between variables and control for confounders like age and ethnicity. The crude and adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated and presented. We considered p-value < 0.05 to be statistically significant.
RESULTS: 378 HIV+ women were identified- 307 women were HPV-negative, and 71 patients were HPV-positive at baseline. Women ranged in age from 30-81 years. HPV-negative patients had a mean age of 47¡À9, and HPV-positive patients had a slightly higher mean age of 49¡À9 at time of final evaluation. A total of eight (2%) women developed CIN-2, and five (62.5%) of them were HPV- positive at baseline (p-value of 0.001). Three individuals developed CIN-3, and two (66%) of them were also HPV-positive at baseline (p-value of 0.03). 23 (6.1%) individuals received at least one abnormal histology result, and of these, 13 (56.5%) were HPV-positive at baseline. After adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, there was still a significant difference of CIN-2/3 in HPV-positive compared to the HPV-negative group (OR 5.64 95%CI1.2-26.1), p<0.03).
CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the likelihood of the development of CIN-2/3 in HIV+ women with normal pap tests and a positive HPV co-test is significantly higher in comparison to HIV+ women with a normal pap test and a negative HPV co-test. Therefore, HIV+ women with negative HPV tests had a greater incidence of CIN-3 than the general population (0.3% compared to 0.16%). Although HIV+ women with a negative HPV co-test are less likely to develop CIN-2/3 than HIV+ women a positive HPV co-test, a negative HPV test result is not as reassuring against the development of CIN-2/3 in HIV+ populations as it is in the general population.
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Wang, Yanghuiting y 王陽暉庭. "Testing Co-Volatility Spillovers for Natural Gas Spot, Futures and ETF using Dynamic Conditional Covariances". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33994560048272275566.
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碩士國立清華大學
計量財務金融學系
104
There is substantial empirical evidence that energy and financial markets are closely connected. As one of the most widely-used energy resources worldwide, natural gas has a large daily trading volume. In order to hedge the risk of natural gas spot markets, a large number of hedging strategies can be used, especially with the rapid development of natural gas derivatives markets. These hedging instruments include natural gas futures and options, as well as Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) prices that are related to natural gas stock prices. The volatility spillover effect is the delayed effect of a returns shock in one physical, biological or financial asset on the subsequent volatility or co-volatility of another physical, biological or financial asset. Investigating volatility spillovers within and across energy and financial markets is a crucial aspect of constructing optimal dynamic hedging strategies. The dissertation tests and calculates spillover effects among natural gas spot, futures and ETF markets using the multivariate conditional volatility diagonal BEKK model. The data used include natural gas spot and futures returns data from two major international natural gas derivatives markets, namely NYMEX (USA) and ICE (UK), as well as ETF data of natural gas companies from the stock markets in the USA and UK. The empirical results show that there are significant spillover effects in natural gas spot, futures and ETF markets for both USA and UK. Such a result suggests that both natural gas futures and ETF products within and beyond the country might be considered when constructing optimal dynamic hedging strategies for natural gas spot prices.
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LIN, JYUN-HONG y 林俊宏. "Testing the Co-movement between New Taiwan Dollar and Macroeconomic Factors and Asian Foreign Exchange Markets". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64506097811891526943.
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碩士國立臺北大學
經濟學系
104
Factors influencing foreign exchange market had been heavily studied by researchers. The major objective of this study is to test the co-movement between New Taiwan Dollar (NTD) and some macroeconomic factors such as stock prices, interest rate, and oil prices and those foreign exchange markets of major trading partners of Taiwan in Asia. Other than traditional co-integration test which can only analyze the existence of long run equilibrium relationships, this study utilizes the equal variance test proposed by Yang et al. (2014) to analyze the co-movement relationships between NTD and some macroeconomic factors and Asian foreign exchange markets. Results show that there exist no long run equilibrium relationships between NTD and stock prices, interest rate, and oil prices. Different sample periods exhibit different co-movement relationships between NTD and stock prices, interest rate and oil prices. Among these, periods after Asian financial crisis, the co-movement relationships between NTD and stock and oil prices are found to be stronger than that of interest rate. It implies that NTD is more closely affected by the international financial market after Asian financial crisis. Long run equilibrium relationships are found existed between NTD and Singapore, Korean, Malaysia, Thailand, and Hong Kung currencies. Among these, Thailand and Malaysia are found to have stronger co-movement relationships with NTD during Asian financial crisis. Co-movement relationships between NTD and Singapore and Australia currencies become stronger after the second financial crisis.
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Chang, Chia-Chi y 張家奇. "Comparison of 2D- and 3D- co-culture models as Nanodiamond-drug complex testing platforms in human lung cancer". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q7xcu4.
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碩士國立東華大學
物理學系
107
In recent years, cancer has become one of the leading deaths worldwide. To develop a new anti-cancer agent, the cytotoxicity test of drugs is traditionally determined by two dimensional (2D) cell culture before animal and clinical studies. However, it cannot adequately mimic the real tumor environment. It provides the different results for the animal and clinical studies. To mimic the drug response with real tumor environment and reduce the gap between the traditional cell experiment and animal study, various combination of three dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid culture and co-culture systems are developed. In this study, we use 3D co-culture model to provide a suitable platform for the development and assessment of the new anti-cancer agent. Nanodiamond (ND) is considered a feasible platform in bio-imaging and drug delivery application owing to its physical/chemical properties and biocompatibility. ND aggregated easily in buffer solution, so we used human serum albumin (HSA) adsorbed on the ND surface to get a well dispersed ND. Then the ND-HSA was used to conjugate doxorubicin (DOX) to receive ND-HSA-DOX complex. Utilize UV-Visible spectrometer to estimate the adsorption of DOX on ND. The particle size and functionalized surface of ND were characterized using dynamic light scattering analyzer (DLS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Moreover, the DOX release from ND-HSA-DOX at different pH conditions were discussed. At lower pH environment, the DOX has higher release from ND-HSA-DOX. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity effects of DOX and ND-HSA-DOX were assessed in 2D- and 3D- co-culture models via MTT assay and growth inhibition assay. Under the observation of confocal fluorescence microscope, the intracellular location of DOX and ND-HSA-DOX were observed in 2D co-culture model, the fluorescence of DOX and ND-HSA-DOX were both revealed in the cell nucleus. The results show ND-HSA-DOX has a similar effect to pure DOX in 2D co-culture model. We further study the growth inhibition of DOX and ND-HSA-DOX in 3D co-culture MCTS. Growth inhibition assay showed the ND-HSA-DOX have greater efficient to pure DOX in co-culture MCTS. We characterized ND-HSA-DOX and showed it has better cancer inhibiting efficacy compare to DOX in 3D co-culture MCTS.
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Haith-Cooper, Melanie, T. Stacey, F. Bailey y S. Broadhead-Croft. "The co-development and feasibility-testing of an innovative digital animation intervention (DAISI) to reduce the risk of maternal sepsis in the postnatal period". 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17804.
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YesIntroduction: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of mortality in postnatal women globally and many other women who develop sepsis are left with severe morbidity. Women’s knowledge of postnatal sepsis and how it can be prevented by simple changes to behaviour is lacking. Methods: This paper describes the co-development and feasibility testing of a digital animation intervention called DAISI (digital animation in service improvement). This DAISI is designed to enhance postnatal women’s awareness of sepsis and how to reduce their risk of developing the condition. We co-designed the digital animation over a six-month period underpinned by theory, best evidence and key stakeholders, translated it into Urdu then assessed its use, firstly in a focus group with women from different Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups and secondly with 15 clinical midwives and 15 women (including BAME women). Following exposure to the intervention, midwives completed a questionnaire developed from the COM-B behaviour change model and women participated in individual and focus group interviews using similar questions. Results: The animation was considered acceptable, culturally sensitive and simple to implement and follow. Discussion: DAISI appears to be an innovative solution for use in maternity care to address difficulties with the postnatal hospital discharge process. We could find no evidence of digital animation being used in this context and recommend a study to test it in practice prior to adopting its use more widely. If effective, the DAISI principle could be used in other maternity contexts and other areas of the NHS to communicate health promotion information.
This study was funded by Translate Medtech, Leeds City Region. DAISI was developed by HMA Digital, Barnsley, UK.
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Chen, Hsiao-Pei y 陳曉珮. "Discuss the Co-opetition Strategy of Packaging and Testing industry between Mainland and Taiwan And from perspective of Financial Analysis to Explore Operating Performance – ASE and JCET". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p42439.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院財務金融學程
105
This study is based on case SWOT analysis to analyze the competitive advantages and disadvantages of Taiwan and the mainland leading manufactures of packaging and testing and to explore the possibilities of competitive strategies. From the perspective of earnings analysis of invividual companies operating results found that the human resource, R & D technology and high-end product process technology, the ASE is better than the JCET. On the other hand, the JCET with national financial support and high capital market benefits has an absolute advantage compared to the ASE. The two companies have complementary and collaboration space cooperation.
41
Madhi, Shabir Ahmed. "Impact of HIV-1 co-infection on tuberculosis and value of CD4+ lymphocyte counts and concurrent antigen testing in interpretation of tuberculin reactions in hospitalized children with tuberculosis in South Africa". Thesis, 2014.
Buscar texto completoResumen
There are few reports on the impact of HIV-1 infection on tuberculosis in children.
Microbiologic diagnosis of tuberculosis is difficult and much reliance is placed on
the tuberculin skin test, as part of a scoring system, in diagnosing tuberculosis in
children. A prospective study, enrolling 168 patients with clinical tuberculosis,
was performed between July 1996 and January 1997 at the teaching hospitals
attached to the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the
Witwatersrand.
Forty-two percent of children with tuberculosis were HIV-1 infected. Extrapulmonary
tuberculosis was diagnosed more frequently in HIV uninfected
children. Progressive pulmonary tuberculosis, based on radiographic findings,
and mortality was higher in HIV-1 infected children with tuberculosis. HIV-1
infected children with pulmonary tuberculosis showed marked hyporeactivity to
tuberculin skin testing. Both CD4+ lymphocyte counts and concurrent delayed
type hypersensitivity testing, using the "CMI Multitest®”, offered little value in
interpreting the tuberculin skin test in HIV-1 infected children with tuberculosis.
The findings of the study suggest that aggressive microbiologic investigations
coupled with a low threshold of clinical suspicion is essential in diagnosing tuberculosis in children, especially in HIV infected children.
42
Jafta, Zukiswa. "An Exploration of Barriers Associated with Low Voluntary Counselling and Testing Uptake by Adult Tuberculosis Patients Attending Primary Health Care Clinics, Buffalo City Municipality, Eastern Cape". Thesis, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1614_1259920179.
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The aim of the study is to explore the barriers associated with low VCT uptake by the TB patients attending primary health care clinics within the Buffalo City municipality. The study population was drawn from TB patients attending the primary health care facilities in Buffalo city municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. Eight participants were purposively selected to include those who had accepted VCT as well as those who did not.
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Oyenekan, Babatunde Adegboyega 1977. "Modeling of strippers for CO₂ capture by aqueous amines". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3134.
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This work evaluates stripper performance for CO₂ capture using seven potential solvent formulations and seven stripper configurations. Equilibrium and rate models were developed in Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM). The temperature approach on the hot side of the cross exchanger was varied between 5 - 10°C. The results show that operating the cross exchanger at a 5°C approach results in 12% energy savings for a 7m MEA rich solution of 0.563 mol/mol Alk and 90% CO₂ removal. For solvents with [Delta]H[subscript abs] < 60 kJ/gmol CO₂, stripping at 30 kPa is more attractive than stripping at 160 kPa. Normal pressure (160 kPa) favors solvents with high heats of desorption. The best solvent and process configuration, matrix with MDEA/PZ, offers 22% and 15% energy savings over the baseline and improved baseline, respectively, with stripping and compression to 10 MPa. The energy requirement for stripping and compression to 10 MPa is about 20 % of the power output from a 500 MW power plant with 90% CO2 removal. Rate model results show that a 'short and fat' stripper requires 7 to 15% less equivalent work than a 'tall and skinny' one. The optimum stripper design could be one that operates between 50% and 80% flood at the bottom. Stripping at 30 kPa and 160 kPa require 230 s and 115 s of effective packing volume to get an equivalent work 4% greater than the minimum. Stripping at 30 kPa with [Delta]T = 5°C was controlled by mass transfer with reaction in the boundary layer and diffusion (88% resistance at the rich end and 71% resistance at the lean end) and mass transfer with equilibrium reactions (84% resistance at the rich end and 74% resistance at the lean end) at 160 kPa. The model was validated with data obtained from pilot plant experiments at the University of Texas with 5m K⁺/2.5m PZ and 6.4m K⁺/1.6m PZ under normal pressure and vacuum conditions using Flexipac AQ Style 20 structured packing. Foaming was experienced during tests. The effective packing height was 5.09m for 5m K⁺/2.5m PZ and 6.47m for 6.4m K⁺/1.6m PZ.text
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Mabhali, Luyolo Andrew Baxolise. "Effect of SiC abrasive breakdown on the wear rate of WC-12wt%Co alloy". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4982.
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This research project is a preliminary investigation of the effect of SiC abrasive
breakdown on the wear rate of a WC-12wt%Co mining alloy. Wear tests were
carried out on a two body-sliding wear apparatus under (a) “Ideal” (replacing the
SiC paper periodically to ensure continual exposure to fresh abrasives), (b) “No
debris” (removing the wear debris periodically) and (c) “With debris” (retaining
the wear debris for the entire wear test) wear conditions. The WC-12wt%Co
specimens and SiC abrasive grits were examined before and after the wear tests
using optical, stereo and electron microscopy.
As wear progressed, the SiC abrasives blunted thereby increasing the
abrasive/specimen contact area, resulting in a reduction in the WC-12wt%Co
wear rate. Wear debris clogging the interstices between the abrasive grits caused a
further reduction in the WC-12wt%Co wear rate by adding to the
abrasive/specimen contact area already created by blunting. Increasing the applied
load resulted in an increase in the WC-12wt%Co wear rate under “Ideal” wear
conditions. Under the remaining wear conditions, the increased load resulted in a
faster deterioration of the SiC grits. The dominant wear mechanisms under all
conditions are characterized by hard abrasive wear that caused extensive
grooving, Co binder extrusion and cracking and fragmentation of WC grains.
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Erling, Ghita. "On the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in WC-Co". Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22772.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, in
fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering,
Johannesburg, 1998This research examines fatigue in WC-Co, both under compressive and tensile loading conditions. A new macro-mechanism for compression fatigue crack propagation is put forward, which contradicts existing data on compression fatigue cracks as being self-limiting. Evidence of this macro-mechanism is presented in the form of final crack length versus number of cycles data, and micrographs of the compression fatigue cracks. A finite element study of the stress distribution in the WC-Co microstructure during compression fatigue loading has been developed. This model verifies possible methods of compression fatigue crack initiation. Examination of tensile fatigue and fast: fracture surfaces is used to show that fatigue is a separate mechanism to fast fracture in WC-Co. Characteristic features of the fatigue fracture surface are presented. A possible fatigue crack propagation mechanism is also presented. Finally, fatigue crack growth rate data in the form of the Paris equation is presented for WC-Co grades T6 and G6.
MT2017
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Chirwa, Themba Gilbert. "The macroeconomic drivers of economic growth in SADC countries". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24941.
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This study empirically investigates the key macroeconomic determinants of economic growth in three Southern African Development Community countries, namely: Malawi, Zambia, and South Africa, using annual data for the period 1970-2013. The study uses the recently developed Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds-testing approach to co-integration and error correction model. In Malawi, the study finds that investment, human capital development, and international trade are positively associated, while inflation is negatively associated with economic growth in the short run. In the long run, the results reveal that investment, human capital development, and international trade are positively and significantly associated, while population growth and inflation are negatively and significantly associated with economic growth. In Zambia, the short-run results reveal that investment and human capital development are positively and significantly associated, while government consumption, international trade, and foreign aid are negatively and significantly associated with economic growth. The long-run results reveal that investment and human capital development are positively and significantly associated, while foreign aid is negatively and significantly associated with economic growth. In South Africa, the study results show that in the short run, investment is positively and significantly associated, while population growth and government consumption are negatively and significantly associated with economic growth. In the long run, the results reveal that economic growth is positively and significantly associated with investment, human capital development, and international trade, but negatively and significantly associated with population growth, government consumption, and inflation. These results all have significant policy implications. It is recommended that Malawian authorities should focus on strategies that attract investment: in addition there is a need to improve the quality of education, encourage export diversification, reduce population growth, and ensure inflation stability. Similarly Zambian authorities should focus on creation of incentives that attract investment, provision of quality education: moreover they need to improve government effectiveness, encourage international trade and ensure the effectiveness of development aid. South African authorities are recommended to focus on policies that attract investments, the provision of quality education, and trade liberalisation: concomitantly there is also a need to reduce population growth, government consumption and inflation.Economics
Ph.D. (Economics)
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Owusu, Erasmus Larbi. "Financial liberalisation and economic growth in ECOWAS countries". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6032.
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The thesis examines the comprehensive relationship between all aspects of financial liberalisation and economic growth in three countries from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Employing ARDL bounds test approach and real GDP per capita as growth indicator; the thesis finds support in favour of the McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis but also finds that the increases in the subsequent savings and investments have not been transmitted into economic growth in two of the studied countries. Moreover, the thesis also finds that stock market developments have negligible or negative impact on economic growth in two of the selected countries. The thesis concludes that in most cases, it is not financial liberalisation polices that affect economic growth in the selected ECOWAS countries, but rather increase in the productivity of labour, increase in the credit to the private sector, increase in foreign direct investments, increase in the capital stock and increase in government expenditure contrary to expectations. Interestingly, the thesis also finds that export has only negative effect on economic growth in all the selected ECOWAS countries. The thesis therefore, recommends that long-term export diversification programmes be implemented in the ECOWAS regions whilst further investigation is carried on the issue.Economic Sciences
D. Litt et Phil. (Economics)
48
Owusu, Erasmus Labri. "Finacial liberalisation and sustainable economic growth in ECOWAS countries". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6032.
Texto completoResumen
The thesis examines the comprehensive relationship between all aspects of financial liberalisation and economic growth in three countries from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Employing ARDL bounds test approach and real GDP per capita as growth indicator; the thesis finds support in favour of the McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis but also finds that the increases in the subsequent savings and investments have not been transmitted into economic growth in two of the studied countries. Moreover, the thesis also finds that stock market developments have negligible or negative impact on economic growth in two of the selected countries. The thesis concludes that in most cases, it is not financial liberalisation polices that affect economic growth in the selected ECOWAS countries, but rather increase in the productivity of labour, increase in the credit to the private sector, increase in foreign direct investments, increase in the capital stock and increase in government expenditure contrary to expectations. Interestingly, the thesis also finds that export has only negative effect on economic growth in all the selected ECOWAS countries. The thesis therefore, recommends that long-term export diversification programmes be implemented in the ECOWAS regions whilst further investigation is carried on the issue.Economic Sciences
D. Litt et Phil. (Economics)
49
Moran, David. "GAYME: The development, design and testing of an auto-ethnographic, documentary game about quarely wandering urban/suburban spaces in Central Florida". Master's thesis, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6141.
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GAYME is a transmedia story-telling world that I have created to conceptually explore the dynamics of queering game design through the development of varying game prototypes. The final iteration of GAYME is @deadquarewalking'. It is a documentary game and a performance art installation that documents a carless, gay/queer/quare man's journey on Halloween to get to and from one of Orlando's most well-known gay clubs - the Parliament House Resort.
"The art of cruising" city streets to seek out queer/quare companionship particularly amongst gay, male culture(s) is well-documented in densely, populated cities like New York, San Francisco and London, but not so much in car-centric, urban environments like Orlando that are less oriented towards pedestrians. Cruising has been and continues to be risky even in pedestrian-friendly cities but in Orlando cruising takes on a whole other dimension of danger. In 2011-2012, The Advocate magazine named Orlando one of the gayest cities in America (Breen, 2012). Transportation for America (2011) also named the Orlando metropolitan region the most dangerous city in the country for pedestrians. Living in Orlando without a car can be deadly as well as a significant barrier to connecting with other people, especially queer/quare people, because of Orlando's car-centric design. In Orlando, cars are sexy.
At the same time, the increasing prevalence in gay, male culture(s) of geo-social, mobile phone applications using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and location aware services, such as Grindr (Grindr, LLC., 2009) and even FourSquare (Crowley and Selvadurai, 2009) and Instagram (Systrom and Krieger, 2010), is shifting the way gay/queer/quare Orlandoans co-create social and sexual networks both online and offline. Urban and sub-urban landscapes have transformed into hybrid "techno-scapes" overlaying "the electronic, the emotional and the social with the geographic and the physical" (Hjorth, 2011). With or without a car, gay men can still geo-socially cruise Orlando's car-centric, street life with mobile devices. As such emerging media has become more pervasive, it has created new opportunities to quarely visualize Orlando's "technoscape" through phone photography and hashtag metadata while also blurring lines between the artist and the curator, the player and the game designer.
This project particularly has evolved to employ game design as an exhibition tool for the visualization of geo-social photography through hashtag play. Using hashtags as a game mechanic generates metadata that potentially identifies patterns of play and "ways of seeing" across player experiences as they attempt to make meaning of the images they encounter in the game. @deadquarewalking also demonstrates the potential of game design and geo-social, photo-sharing applications to illuminate new ways of documenting and witnessing the urban landscapes that we both collectively and uniquely inhabit.
'In Irish culture, “quare” can mean “very” or “extremely” or it can be a spelling of the rural or Southern pronunciation of the word “queer.” Living in the American Southeast, I personally relate more to the term “quare” versus “queer.” Cultural theorist E. Patrick Johnson (2001) also argues for “quareness” as a way to question the subjective bias of whiteness in queer studies that risks discounting the lived experiences and material realities of people of color. Though I do not identify as a person of color and would be categorized as white or European American, “quareness” has an important critical application for considering how Orlando's urban design is intersectionally racialized, gendered and classed.M.F.A.
Masters
Visual Arts and Design
Arts and Humanities
Emerging Media; Digital Media